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Petrogenesis and Geological Significance of the Quartz Monzonites in the Jinling Area, Western Shandong Province. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jinling complex pluton is a key part of the Mesozoic magmatic belt in the eastern North China Craton. However, its petrogenesis is still being debated. The Jinling complex, mainly composed of biotite diorites, hornblende diorite, augite diorites, (quartz) monzonites, and quartz diorites, is outcropped in Huashan and Heitieshan. This paper studies the zircon geochronology, zircon Hf isotope, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope of quartz monzonites. The samples have high contents of Cr, Ni, V, Al2O3, Ba, Sr, and are enriched in LREEs, LILEs (K, Ba, Sr), depleted in HREEs, and HFSEs (Nb, Ta, Ti). The samples with captured zircons of ~2.5 Ga yield a weighted mean age of ~127 Ma, and the zircons have negative values of εHf(t) from −3.2 to −9.4 while the ratios of 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb 37.75~38.15, 15.41~15.43, 17.59~17.98, respectively. The ratios of Th/U are from 3.77 to 3.82, while the values of μ and ω are 9.18 and from 35.72 to 36.15. Meanwhile, the ratios of 87Sr/86Sr are higher than the ones of the mantle. Geochemical and isotopic features indicate that the quartz monzonites derived from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle that probably assimilated ancient NCC upper crust materials (~15–20%) during the magma ascent in a lithospheric extension setting.
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Ioannidis AG, Blanco-Portillo J, Sandoval K, Hagelberg E, Barberena-Jonas C, Hill AVS, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JE, Fox K, Robson K, Haoa-Cardinali S, Quinto-Cortés CD, Miquel-Poblete JF, Auckland K, Parks T, Sofro ASM, Ávila-Arcos MC, Sockell A, Homburger JR, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Gignoux CR, Verdugo RA, Moraga M, Bustamante CD, Mentzer AJ, Moreno-Estrada A. Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks. Nature 2021; 597:522-526. [PMID: 34552258 PMCID: PMC9710236 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polynesia was settled in a series of extraordinary voyages across an ocean spanning one third of the Earth1, but the sequences of islands settled remain unknown and their timings disputed. Currently, several centuries separate the dates suggested by different archaeological surveys2-4. Here, using genome-wide data from merely 430 modern individuals from 21 key Pacific island populations and novel ancestry-specific computational analyses, we unravel the detailed genetic history of this vast, dispersed island network. Our reconstruction of the branching Polynesian migration sequence reveals a serial founder expansion, characterized by directional loss of variants, that originated in Samoa and spread first through the Cook Islands (Rarotonga), then to the Society (Tōtaiete mā) Islands (11th century), the western Austral (Tuha'a Pae) Islands and Tuāmotu Archipelago (12th century), and finally to the widely separated, but genetically connected, megalithic statue-building cultures of the Marquesas (Te Henua 'Enana) Islands in the north, Raivavae in the south, and Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the easternmost of the Polynesian islands, settled in approximately AD 1200 via Mangareva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ioannidis
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Javier Blanco-Portillo
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Carmina Barberena-Jonas
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan Esteban Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Robson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Kathryn Auckland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Parks
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Salam M Sofro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam (YARSI) University, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - María C Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research (LIIGH), UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julian R Homburger
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ricardo A Verdugo
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Translational Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Moraga
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics (CEHG), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO)-Advanced Genomics Unit (UGA), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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3
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Blevins KE, Crane AE, Lum C, Furuta K, Fox K, Stone AC. Evolutionary history of Mycobacterium leprae in the Pacific Islands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190582. [PMID: 33012236 PMCID: PMC7702798 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the oldest known human diseases, leprosy or Hansen's disease remains a public health concern around the world with over 200 000 new cases in 2018. Most human leprosy cases are caused by Mycobacterium leprae, but a small number of cases are now known to be caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis, a sister taxon of M. leprae. The global pattern of genomic variation in M. leprae is not well defined. Particularly, in the Pacific Islands, the origins of leprosy are disputed. Historically, it has been argued that leprosy arrived on the islands during nineteenth century colonialism, but some oral traditions and palaeopathological evidence suggest an older introduction. To address this, as well as investigate patterns of pathogen exchange across the Pacific Islands, we extracted DNA from 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy blocks dating to 1992-2016. Using whole-genome enrichment and next-generation sequencing, we produced nine M. leprae genomes dating to 1998-2015 and ranging from 4-63× depth of coverage. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these strains belong to basal lineages within the M. leprae phylogeny, specifically falling in branches 0 and 5. The phylogeographical patterning and evolutionary dating analysis of these strains support a pre-modern introduction of M. leprae into the Pacific Islands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Blevins
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Bioarchaeological Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Adele E Crane
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher Lum
- Department of Pathology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kanako Furuta
- Hawaii Pathologists Laboratory, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Keolu Fox
- Departments of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anne C Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Bioarchaeological Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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4
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Hermann A, Forkel R, McAlister A, Cruickshank A, Golitko M, Kneebone B, McCoy M, Reepmeyer C, Sheppard P, Sinton J, Weisler M. Pofatu, a curated and open-access database for geochemical sourcing of archaeological materials. Sci Data 2020; 7:141. [PMID: 32393758 PMCID: PMC7214434 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositional analyses have long been used to determine the geological sources of artefacts. Geochemical "fingerprinting" of artefacts and sources is the most effective way to reconstruct strategies of raw material and artefact procurement, exchange or interaction systems, and mobility patterns during prehistory. The efficacy and popularity of geochemical sourcing has led to many projects using various analytical techniques to produce independent datasets. In order to facilitate access to this growing body of data and to promote comparability and reproducibility in provenance studies, we designed Pofatu, the first online and open-access database to present geochemical compositions and contextual information for archaeological sources and artefacts in a form that can be readily accessed by the scientific community. This relational database currently contains 7759 individual samples from archaeological sites and geological sources across the Pacific Islands. Each sample is comprehensively documented and includes elemental and isotopic compositions, detailed archaeological provenance, and supporting analytical metadata, such as sampling processes, analytical procedures, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Hermann
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Thüringen, Germany.
- CNRS, UMR 7041 ArScAn, Equipe Ethnologie Préhistorique, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie, CNRS, UMR 7041, 92023, Nanterre, France.
| | - Robert Forkel
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Thüringen, Germany.
| | - Andrew McAlister
- Department of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark Golitko
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | | | - Mark McCoy
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75205, USA
| | - Christian Reepmeyer
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Peter Sheppard
- Department of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - John Sinton
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Hawai'i, 96822, USA
| | - Marshall Weisler
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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5
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Olivares G, Peña-Ahumada B, Peñailillo J, Payacán C, Moncada X, Saldarriaga-Córdoba M, Matisoo-Smith E, Chung KF, Seelenfreund D, Seelenfreund A. Human mediated translocation of Pacific paper mulberry [Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae)]: Genetic evidence of dispersal routes in Remote Oceania. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217107. [PMID: 31216291 PMCID: PMC6583976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae), a dioecious species, was transported by humans from Taiwan to the islands of Remote Oceania. Its introduction and cultivation in Remote Oceania was intentional due to its cultural importance as a fiber source for barkcloth textiles. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity and structure of paper mulberry populations within Remote Oceania in order to infer dispersal patterns that may reflect past human interaction among island groups. We present the integrated analysis of 380 samples (313 contemporary and 67 herbarium specimens) collected in Near and Remote Oceania. Genetic characterization was based on a set of ten microsatellites developed for B. papyrifera and complemented with the analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 sequence, a sex marker and the chloroplast ndhF–rpl32 intergenic spacer. Microsatellite data identify a total of 64 genotypes, despite this being a clonally propagated crop, and show three major dispersal hubs within Remote Oceania, centered on the islands of Fiji, Tonga, and Pitcairn. Of 64 genotypes identified, 55 correspond to genotypes associated to female-sexed plants that probably descend from plants introduced by the prehistoric Austronesian-speaking voyagers. The ratio of accessions to genotypes between herbarium and contemporary samples, suggests recent loss of genetic diversity. In addition to the chloroplast haplotypes described previously, we detected two new haplotypes within Remote Oceania both originating in Taiwan. This is the first study of a commensal species to show genetic structuring within Remote Oceania. In spite of the genetic bottleneck, the presence of only one sex, a timespan of less than 5000 years, and asexual propagation of this crop in Remote Oceania, we detect genetic diversity and regional structuring. These observations suggest specific migration routes between island groups within Remote Oceania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Peña-Ahumada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johany Peñailillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Payacán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Moncada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Kuo-Fang Chung
- Research Museum and Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniela Seelenfreund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (DS); (AS)
| | - Andrea Seelenfreund
- Escuela de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (DS); (AS)
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6
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Matisoo-Smith E, Gosling AL. Walking backwards into the future: the need for a holistic evolutionary approach in Pacific health research. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:175-187. [PMID: 29877149 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1448889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Pacific region has had a complex human history. It has been subject to multiple major human dispersal and colonisation events, including some of the earliest Out-of-Africa migrations, the so-called Austronesian expansion of people out of Island Southeast Asia, and the more recent arrival of Europeans. Despite models of island isolation, evidence suggests significant levels of interconnectedness that vary in direction and frequency over time. The Pacific Ocean covers a vast area and its islands provide an array of different physical environments with variable pathogen loads and subsistence opportunities. These diverse environments likely caused Pacific peoples to adapt (both genetically and culturally) in unique ways. Differences in genetic background, in combination with adaptation, likely affect their susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES Here we provide an overview of some of the key issues in the natural and human history of the Pacific region which are likely to impact human health. We argue that understanding the evolutionary and cultural history of Pacific peoples is essential for the generation of testable hypotheses surrounding potential causes of elevated disease susceptibility among Pacific peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna L Gosling
- a Department of Anatomy , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.,b Department of Biochemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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7
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Dispersal, Isolation, and Interaction in the Islands of Polynesia: A Critical Review of Archaeological and Genetic Evidence. DIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/d9030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Payacan C, Moncada X, Rojas G, Clarke A, Chung KF, Allaby R, Seelenfreund D, Seelenfreund A. Phylogeography of herbarium specimens of asexually propagated paper mulberry [Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae)] reveals genetic diversity across the Pacific. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:387-404. [PMID: 28633358 PMCID: PMC5591419 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paper mulberry or Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae) is a dioecious species native to continental South-east Asia and East Asia, including Taiwan, that was introduced to the Pacific by pre-historic voyagers and transported intentionally and propagated asexually across the full range of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan to East Polynesia. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the dispersal of paper mulberry into Oceania through the genetic analysis of herbaria samples which represent a more complete coverage of the historical geographical range of the species in the Pacific before later introductions and local extinctions occurred. METHODS DNA from 47 herbarium specimens of B. papyrifera collected from 1882 to 2006 from different islands of the Pacific was obtained under ancient DNA protocols. Genetic characterization was based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 sequence, a sex marker, the chloroplast ndhF-rpl32 intergenic spacer and a set of ten microsatellites developed for B. papyrifera. KEY RESULTS Microsatellites allowed detection of 15 genotypes in Near and Remote Oceanian samples, in spite of the vegetative propagation of B. papyrifera in the Pacific. These genotypes are structured in two groups separating West and East Polynesia, and place Pitcairn in a pivotal position. We also detected the presence of male plants that carry the Polynesian chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype, in contrast to findings in contemporary B. papyrifera populations where only female plants bear the Polynesian cpDNA haplotype. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, genetic diversity was detected among paper mulberry accessions from Remote Oceania. A clear separation between West and East Polynesia was found that may be indicative of pulses during its dispersal history. The pattern linking the genotypes within Remote Oceania reflects the importance of central Polynesia as a dispersal hub, in agreement with archaeological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Payacan
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Moncada
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Gloria Rojas
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Clarke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kuo-Fang Chung
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan and
| | - Robin Allaby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniela Seelenfreund
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Seelenfreund
- Escuela de Antropología, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Cook Island artifact geochemistry demonstrates spatial and temporal extent of pre-European interarchipelago voyaging in East Polynesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8150-5. [PMID: 27382159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cook Islands are considered the "gateway" for human colonization of East Polynesia, the final chapter of Oceanic settlement and the last major region occupied on Earth. Indeed, East Polynesia witnessed the culmination of the greatest maritime migration in human history. Perennial debates have critiqued whether Oceanic settlement was purposeful or accidental, the timing and pathways of colonization, and the nature and extent of postcolonization voyaging-essential for small founding groups securing a lifeline between parent and daughter communities. Centering on the well-dated Tangatatau rockshelter, Mangaia, Southern Cook Islands, we charted the temporal duration and geographic spread of exotic stone adze materials-essential woodworking tools found throughout Polynesia- imported for more than 300 y beginning in the early AD 1300s. Using a technique requiring only 200 mg of sample for the geochemical analysis of trace elements and isotopes of fine-grained basalt adzes, we assigned all artifacts to an island or archipelago of origin. Adze material was identified from the chiefly complex on the Austral Islands, from the major adze quarry complex on Tutuila (Samoa), and from the Marquesas Islands more than 2,400 km distant. This interaction is the only dated example of down-the-line exchange in central East Polynesia where intermediate groups transferred commodities attesting to the interconnectedness and complexity of social relations fostered during postsettlement voyaging. For the Cook Islands, this exchange may have lasted into the 1600s, at least a century later than other East Polynesian archipelagos, suggesting that interarchipelago interaction contributed to the later development of social hierarchies.
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10
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Flexner JL. Archaeology and Ethnographic Collections. MUSEUM WORLDS 2016. [DOI: 10.3167/armw.2016.040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe archaeological value of museum collections is not limited to collections labelled “archaeology.” “Ethnology” or “ethnography” collections can provide useful information for evaluating broadly relevant theoretical and methodological discussions in the discipline. The concepts of provenience (where something was found), provenance (where the materials for an object originated), and context (the ways an object is and was interpreted and used within a cultural milieu) are central to much archaeo-logical interpretation. Archaeologists have often looked to living societies as analogues for better understanding these issues. Museum ethnographic collections from Vanuatu provide a case study offering a complementary approach, in which assemblages of ethnographic objects and associated information allow us to reconstruct complex networks of movement, exchange, and entanglement.
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11
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Bender A, Beller S. The Power of 2: How an Apparently Irregular Numeration System Facilitates Mental Arithmetic. Cogn Sci 2016; 41:158-187. [DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bender
- Department of Psychosocial Science; University of Bergen
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12
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Gosling AL, Buckley HR, Matisoo-Smith E, Merriman TR. Pacific Populations, Metabolic Disease and 'Just-So Stories': A Critique of the 'Thrifty Genotype' Hypothesis in Oceania. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:470-80. [PMID: 26420513 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pacific populations have long been observed to suffer a high burden of metabolic disease, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and gout. The 'Thrifty Genotype' hypothesis has frequently been used to explain this high prevalence of disease. Here, the 'Thrifty Genotype' hypothesis and the evolutionary background of Pacific populations are examined. We question its relevance not only in the Pacific region but more generally. Not only has the hypothesis not been explicitly tested, but most archaeological and anthropological data from the Pacific fundamentally do not support its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hallie R Buckley
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Strauss A, Hubbe M, Neves WA, Bernardo DV, Atuí JPV. The cranial morphology of the Botocudo Indians, Brazil. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:202-16. [PMID: 25663638 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Botocudo Indians were hunter-gatherer groups that occupied the East-Central regions of Brazil decimated during the colonial period in the country. During the 19th century, craniometric studies suggested that the Botocudo resembled more the Paleoamerican population of Lagoa Santa than typical Native Americans groups. These results suggest that the Botocudo Indians might represent a population that retained the biological characteristics of early groups of the continent, remaining largely isolated from groups that gave origin to the modern Native South American variation. Moreover, recently, some of the Botocudo remains have been shown to have mitochondrial and autosomal DNA lineages currently found in Polynesian populations. Here, we explore the morphological affinities of Botocudo skulls within a worldwide context. Distinct multivariate analyses based on 32 craniometric variables show that 1) the two individuals with Polynesian DNA sequences have morphological characteristics that fall within the Polynesian and Botocudo variation, making their assignation as Native American specimens problematic, and 2) there are high morphological affinities between Botocudo, Early Americans, and the Polynesian series of Easter Island, which support the early observations that the Botocudo can be seen as retaining the Paleoamerican morphology, particularly when the neurocranium is considered. Although these results do not elucidate the origin of the Polynesian DNA lineages among the Botocudo, they support the hypothesis that the Botocudo represent a case of late survival of ancient Paleoamerican populations, retaining the morphological characteristics of ancestral Late Pleistocene populations from Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Strauss
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark Hubbe
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
| | - Walter A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo V Bernardo
- Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Atuí
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14728-33. [PMID: 25267657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408491111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization of the islands of East Polynesia was a remarkable episode in the history of human migration and seafaring. We report on an ocean-sailing canoe dating from close to that time. A large section of a complex composite canoe was discovered recently at Anaweka on the New Zealand coast. The canoe dates to approximately A.D. 1400 and was contemporary with continuing interisland voyaging. It was built in New Zealand as an early adaptation to a new environment, and a sea turtle carved on its hull makes symbolic connections with wider Polynesian culture and art. We describe the find and identify and radiocarbon date the construction materials. We present a reconstruction of the whole canoe and compare it to another early canoe previously discovered in the Society Islands.
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Stone tools from the ancient Tongan state reveal prehistoric interaction centers in the Central Pacific. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10491-6. [PMID: 25002481 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonga was unique in the prehistoric Pacific for developing a maritime state that integrated the archipelago under a centralized authority and for undertaking long-distance economic and political exchanges in the second millennium A.D. To establish the extent of Tonga's maritime polity, we geochemically analyzed stone tools excavated from the central places of the ruling paramounts, particularly lithic artifacts associated with stone-faced chiefly tombs. The lithic networks of the Tongan state focused on Samoa and Fiji, with one adze sourced to the Society Islands 2,500 km from Tongatapu. To test the hypothesis that nonlocal lithics were especially valued by Tongan elites and were an important source of political capital, we analyzed prestate lithics from Tongatapu and stone artifacts from Samoa. In the Tongan state, 66% of worked stone tools were long-distance imports, indicating that interarchipelago connections intensified with the development of the Tongan polity after A.D. 1200. In contrast, stone tools found in Samoa were from local sources, including tools associated with a monumental structure contemporary with the Tongan state. Network analysis of lithics entering the Tongan state and of the distribution of Samoan adzes in the Pacific identified a centralized polity and the products of specialized lithic workshops, respectively. These results indicate that a significant consequence of social complexity was the establishment of new types of specialized sites in distant geographic areas. Specialized sites were loci of long-distance interaction and formed important centers for the transmission of information, people, and materials in prehistoric Oceania.
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Abstract
When Leibniz demonstrated the advantages of the binary system for computations as early as 1703, he laid the foundation for computing machines. However, is a binary system also suitable for human cognition? One of two number systems traditionally used on Mangareva, a small island in French Polynesia, had three binary steps superposed onto a decimal structure. Here, we show how this system functions, how it facilitated arithmetic, and why it is unique. The Mangarevan invention of binary steps, centuries before their formal description by Leibniz, attests to the advancements possible in numeracy even in the absence of notation and thereby highlights the role of culture for the evolution of and diversity in numerical cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kirch Patrick
- Departments of Anthropology and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
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Jacoby P. Fernhandel im prähistorischen Polynesien. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.200890022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Finney
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Stone tool reveals lengthy Polynesian voyage. Nature 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/news070924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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