1
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Ferreira J, Jin T, Mannhart J, Giamarchi T, Filippone M. Transport and Nonreciprocity in Monitored Quantum Devices: An Exact Study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:136301. [PMID: 38613271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.136301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We study noninteracting fermionic systems undergoing continuous monitoring and driven by biased reservoirs. Averaging over the measurement outcomes, we derive exact formulas for the particle and heat flows in the system. We show that these currents feature competing elastic and inelastic components, which depend nontrivially on the monitoring strength γ. We highlight that monitor-induced inelastic processes lead to nonreciprocal currents, allowing one to extract work from measurements without active feedback control. We illustrate our formalism with two distinct monitoring schemes providing measurement-induced power or cooling. Optimal performances are found for values of the monitoring strength γ, which are hard to address with perturbative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Jin
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jochen Mannhart
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thierry Giamarchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, École de Physique University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Filippone
- IRIG-MEM-L_Sim, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38000, France
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2
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Perfetto G, Carollo F, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of annihilation processes. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064104. [PMID: 38243424 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics of fermionic particles which coherently hop in a one-dimensional lattice and undergo annihilation reactions. The latter are modelled as dissipative processes which involve losses of pairs 2A→∅, triplets 3A→∅, and quadruplets 4A→∅ of neighboring particles. When considering classical particles, the corresponding decay of their density in time follows an asymptotic power-law behavior. The associated exponent in one dimension is different from the mean-field prediction whenever diffusive mixing is not too strong and spatial correlations are relevant. This specifically applies to 2A→∅, while the mean-field power-law prediction just acquires a logarithmic correction for 3A→∅ and is exact for 4A→∅. A mean-field approach is also valid, for all the three processes, when the diffusive mixing is strong, i.e., in the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here we show that the picture is different for quantum systems. We consider the quantum reaction-limited regime and we show that for all the three processes power-law behavior beyond mean field is present as a consequence of quantum coherences, which are not related to space dimensionality. The decay in 3A→∅ is further, highly intricate, since the power-law behavior therein only appears within an intermediate time window, while at long times the density decay is not power law. Our results show that emergent critical behavior in quantum dynamics has a markedly different origin, based on quantum coherences, to that applying to classical critical phenomena, which is, instead, solely determined by the relevance of spatial correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Perfetto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics, Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics, Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics, Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics, Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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3
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Flament E, Impens F, Guéry-Odelin D. Emulating Non-Hermitian Dynamics in a Finite Non-Dissipative Quantum System. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1256. [PMID: 37761555 PMCID: PMC10528010 DOI: 10.3390/e25091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the emulation of non-Hermitian dynamics during a given time window using a low-dimensional quantum system coupled to a finite set of equidistant discrete states acting as an effective continuum. We first emulate the decay of an unstable state and map the quasi-continuum parameters, enabling the precise approximation of non-Hermitian dynamics. The limitations of this model, including in particular short- and long-time deviations, are extensively discussed. We then consider a driven two-level system and establish criteria for non-Hermitian dynamics emulation with a finite quasi-continuum. We quantitatively analyze the signatures of the finiteness of the effective continuum, addressing the possible emergence of non-Markovian behavior during the time interval considered. Finally, we investigate the emulation of dissipative dynamics using a finite quasi-continuum with a tailored density of states. We show through the example of a two-level system that such a continuum can reproduce non-Hermitian dynamics more efficiently than the usual equidistant quasi-continuum model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Flament
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, FeRMI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - François Impens
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, RJ, Brazil;
| | - David Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, FeRMI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;
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4
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Perfetto G, Carollo F, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Reaction-Limited Quantum Reaction-Diffusion Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:210402. [PMID: 37295117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.210402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics of systems where fermionic particles coherently hop on a one-dimensional lattice and are subject to dissipative processes analogous to those of classical reaction-diffusion models. Particles can either annihilate in pairs, A+A→0, or coagulate upon contact, A+A→A, and possibly also branch, A→A+A. In classical settings, the interplay between these processes and particle diffusion leads to critical dynamics as well as to absorbing-state phase transitions. Here, we analyze the impact of coherent hopping and of quantum superposition, focusing on the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here, spatial density fluctuations are quickly smoothed out due to fast hopping, which for classical systems is described by a mean-field approach. By exploiting the time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble method, we demonstrate that quantum coherence and destructive interference play a crucial role in these systems and are responsible for the emergence of locally protected dark states and collective behavior beyond mean field. This can manifest both at stationarity and during the relaxation dynamics. Our analytical results highlight fundamental differences between classical nonequilibrium dynamics and their quantum counterpart and show that quantum effects indeed change collective universal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Perfetto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics, Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics, Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics, Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics, Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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6
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Honda K, Taie S, Takasu Y, Nishizawa N, Nakagawa M, Takahashi Y. Observation of the Sign Reversal of the Magnetic Correlation in a Driven-Dissipative Fermi Gas in Double Wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:063001. [PMID: 36827577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the sign reversal of the magnetic correlation from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic in a dissipative Fermi gas in double wells, utilizing the dissipation caused by on-site two-body losses in a controlled manner. We systematically measure dynamics of the nearest-neighbor spin correlation in an isolated double-well optical lattice, as well as a crossover from an isolated double-well lattice to a one-dimensional uniform lattice. In a wide range of lattice configurations over an isolated double-well lattice, we observe a ferromagnetic spin correlation, which is consistent with a Dicke type of correlation expected in the long-time limit. This work demonstrates the control of quantum magnetism in open quantum systems with dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantaro Honda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Taie
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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7
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Marino J. Universality Class of Ising Critical States with Long-Range Losses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:050603. [PMID: 35960567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that spatial resolved dissipation can act on d-dimensional spin systems in the Ising universality class by qualitatively modifying the nature of their critical points. We consider power-law decaying spin losses with a Lindbladian spectrum closing at small momenta as ∝q^{α}, with α a positive tunable exponent directly related to the power-law decay of the spatial profile of losses at long distances, 1/r^{(α+d)}. This yields a class of soft modes asymptotically decoupled from dissipation at small momenta, which are responsible for the emergence of a critical scaling regime ascribable to the nonunitary counterpart of the universality class of long-range interacting Ising models. For α<1 we find a nonequilibrium critical point ruled by a dynamical field theory described by a Langevin model with coexisting inertial (∼∂_{t}^{2}) and frictional (∼∂_{t}) kinetic coefficients, and driven by a gapless Markovian noise with variance ∝q^{α} at small momenta. This effective field theory is beyond the Halperin-Hohenberg description of dynamical criticality, and its critical exponents differ from their unitary long-range counterparts. Our Letter lays out perspectives for a revision of universality in driven open systems by employing dark states tailored by programmable dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamir Marino
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-4030, USA
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8
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Visuri AM, Giamarchi T, Kollath C. Symmetry-Protected Transport through a Lattice with a Local Particle Loss. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:056802. [PMID: 35960589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.056802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study particle transport through a chain of coupled sites connected to free-fermion reservoirs at both ends, subjected to a local particle loss. The transport is characterized by calculating the conductance and particle density in the steady state using the Keldysh formalism for open quantum systems. In addition to a reduction of conductance, we find that transport can remain (almost) unaffected by the loss for certain values of the chemical potential in the lattice. We show that this "protected" transport results from the spatial symmetry of single-particle eigenstates. At a finite voltage, the density profile develops a drop at the lossy site, connected to the onset of nonballistic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Visuri
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T Giamarchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Kollath
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Lv C, Zhang R, Zhai Z, Zhou Q. Curving the space by non-Hermiticity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2184. [PMID: 35449170 PMCID: PMC9023518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum systems are often classified into Hermitian and non-Hermitian ones. Extraordinary non-Hermitian phenomena, ranging from the non-Hermitian skin effect to the supersensitivity to boundary conditions, have been widely explored. Whereas these intriguing phenomena have been considered peculiar to non-Hermitian systems, we show that they can be naturally explained by a duality between non-Hermitian models in flat spaces and their counterparts, which could be Hermitian, in curved spaces. For instance, prototypical one-dimensional (1D) chains with uniform chiral tunnelings are equivalent to their duals in two-dimensional (2D) hyperbolic spaces with or without magnetic fields, and non-uniform tunnelings could further tailor local curvatures. Such a duality unfolds deep geometric roots of non-Hermitian phenomena, delivers an unprecedented routine connecting Hermitian and non-Hermitian physics, and gives rise to a theoretical perspective reformulating our understandings of curvatures and distance. In practice, it provides experimentalists with a powerful two-fold application, using non-Hermiticity to engineer curvatures or implementing synthetic curved spaces to explore non-Hermitian quantum physics. The understanding and control of non-Hermitian phenomena is becoming every day more important. Here the authors establish the duality between non-Hermiticity and curved spaces. It unfolds a geometric root of non-Hermitian phenomena and provides a study and tailor non-Hermiticity using curved spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Lv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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10
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Lee KH, Balachandran V, Guo C, Poletti D. Transport and spectral properties of the XX+XXZ diode and stability to dephasing. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024120. [PMID: 35291148 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the transport and spectral property of a segmented diode formed by an XX+XXZ spin chain. This system has been shown to become an ideal rectifier for spin current for large enough anisotropy. Here we show numerical evidence that the system in reverse bias has signatures pointing toward the existence of three different transport regimes depending on the value of the anisotropy: ballistic, diffusive, and insulating. In forward bias we observe two regimes, ballistic and diffusive. The system in forward and reverse bias shows significantly different spectral properties, with distribution of rapidities converging toward different functions. In the presence of dephasing the system becomes diffusive, rectification is significantly reduced, the relaxation gap increases, and the spectral properties in forward and reverse bias tend to converge. For large dephasing the relaxation gap decreases again as a result of quantum Zeno physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hao Lee
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Vinitha Balachandran
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
| | - Chu Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Dario Poletti
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372 Singapore
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11
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TAKAHASHI Y. Quantum simulation of quantum many-body systems with ultracold two-electron atoms in an optical lattice. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:141-160. [PMID: 35400693 PMCID: PMC9071925 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice provide a unique approach to study quantum many-body systems, previously only possible by using condensed-matter experimental systems. This new approach, often called quantum simulation, becomes possible because of the high controllability of the system parameters and the inherent cleanness without lattice defects and impurities. In this article, we review recent developments in this rapidly growing field of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, with special focus on quantum simulations using our newly created quantum many-body system of two-electron atoms of ytterbium. In addition, we also mention other interesting possibilities offered by this novel experimental platform, such as applications to precision measurements for studying fundamental physics and a Rydberg atom quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro TAKAHASHI
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Yamamoto K, Nakagawa M, Tsuji N, Ueda M, Kawakami N. Collective Excitations and Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in Dissipative Fermionic Superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:055301. [PMID: 34397242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.055301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We predict a new mechanism to induce collective excitations and a nonequilibrium phase transition of fermionic superfluids via a sudden switch on of two-body loss, for which we extend the BCS theory to fully incorporate a change in particle number. We find that a sudden switch on of dissipation induces an amplitude oscillation of the superfluid order parameter accompanied by a chirped phase rotation as a consequence of particle loss. We demonstrate that when dissipation is introduced to one of the two superfluids coupled via a Josephson junction, it gives rise to a nonequilibrium dynamical phase transition characterized by the vanishing dc Josephson current. The dissipation-induced collective modes and nonequilibrium phase transition can be realized with ultracold fermionic atoms subject to inelastic collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuji
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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13
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Nakagawa M, Kawakami N, Ueda M. Exact Liouvillian Spectrum of a One-Dimensional Dissipative Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:110404. [PMID: 33798340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A one-dimensional dissipative Hubbard model with two-body loss is shown to be exactly solvable. We obtain an exact eigenspectrum of a Liouvillian superoperator by employing a non-Hermitian extension of the Bethe-ansatz method. We find steady states, the Liouvillian gap, and an exceptional point that is accompanied by the divergence of the correlation length. A dissipative version of spin-charge separation induced by the quantum Zeno effect is also demonstrated. Our result presents a new class of exactly solvable Liouvillians of open quantum many-body systems, which can be tested with ultracold atoms subject to inelastic collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Bácsi Á, Moca CP, Zaránd G, Dóra B. Vaporization Dynamics of a Dissipative Quantum Liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:266803. [PMID: 33449736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.266803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the stability of a Luttinger liquid, upon suddenly coupling it to a dissipative environment. Within the Lindblad equation, the environment couples to local currents and heats the quantum liquid up to infinite temperatures. The single particle density matrix reveals the fractionalization of fermionic excitations in the spatial correlations by retaining the initial noninteger power law exponents, accompanied by an exponential decay in time with an interaction dependent rate. The spectrum of the time evolved density matrix is gapped, which collapses gradually as -ln(t). The von Neumann entropy crosses over from the early time -tln(t) behavior to ln(t) growth for late times. The early time dynamics is captured numerically by performing simulations on spinless interacting fermions, using several numerically exact methods. Our results could be tested experimentally in bosonic Luttinger liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Bácsi
- MTA-BME Lendület Topology and Correlation Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary
| | - Cătălin Paşcu Moca
- MTA-BME Quantum Dynamics and Correlations Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Gergely Zaránd
- MTA-BME Quantum Dynamics and Correlations Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
- BME-MTA Exotic Quantum Phases Research Group, Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Dóra
- MTA-BME Lendület Topology and Correlation Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Yi Y, Yang Z. Non-Hermitian Skin Modes Induced by On-Site Dissipations and Chiral Tunneling Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:186802. [PMID: 33196238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we study the conditions under which on-site dissipations can induce non-Hermitian skin modes in non-Hermitian systems. When the original Hermitian Hamiltonian has spinless time-reversal symmetry, it is impossible to have skin modes; on the other hand, if the Hermitian Hamiltonian has spinful time-reversal symmetry, skin modes can be induced by on-site dissipations under certain circumstances. As a concrete example, we employ the Rice-Mele model to illustrate our results. Furthermore, we predict that the skin modes can be detected by the chiral tunneling effect; that is, the tunneling favors the direction where the skin modes are localized. Our Letter reveals a no-go theorem for the emergence of skin modes and paves the way for searching for quantum systems with skin modes and studying their novel physical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhesen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Gillman E, Carollo F, Lesanovsky I. Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in (1+1)-Dimensional Quantum Cellular Automata with Controllable Quantum Correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:100403. [PMID: 32955309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent progress in the experimental development of quantum simulators based on Rydberg atoms, we introduce and investigate the dynamics of a class of (1+1)-dimensional quantum cellular automata. These nonequilibrium many-body models, which are quantum generalizations of the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton, possess two key features: they display stationary behavior and nonequilibrium phase transitions despite being isolated systems. Moreover, they permit the controlled introduction of local quantum correlations, which allows for the impact of quantumness on the dynamics and phase transition to be assessed. We show that projected entangled pair state tensor networks permit a natural and efficient representation of the cellular automaton. Here, the degree of quantumness and complexity of the dynamics is reflected in the difficulty of contracting the tensor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gillman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Nakagawa M, Tsuji N, Kawakami N, Ueda M. Dynamical Sign Reversal of Magnetic Correlations in Dissipative Hubbard Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:147203. [PMID: 32338955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.147203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In quantum magnetism, the virtual exchange of particles mediates an interaction between spins. Here, we show that an inelastic Hubbard interaction fundamentally alters the magnetism of the Hubbard model due to dissipation in spin-exchange processes, leading to sign reversal of magnetic correlations in dissipative quantum dynamics. This mechanism is applicable to both fermionic and bosonic Mott insulators, and can naturally be realized with ultracold atoms undergoing two-body inelastic collisions. The dynamical reversal of magnetic correlations can be detected by using a double-well optical lattice or quantum-gas microscopy, the latter of which facilitates the detection of the magnetic correlations in one-dimensional systems because of spin-charge separation. Our results open a new avenue toward controlling quantum magnetism by dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuji
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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18
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Reynolds LA, Schwartz E, Ebling U, Weyland M, Brand J, Andersen MF. Direct Measurements of Collisional Dynamics in Cold Atom Triads. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073401. [PMID: 32142320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of optical tweezers for trapping atoms has opened remarkable opportunities for manipulating few-body systems. Here, we present the first bottom-up assembly of atom triads. We directly observe atom loss through inelastic collisions at the single event level, overcoming the substantial challenge in many-atom experiments of distinguishing one-, two-, and three-particle processes. We measure a strong suppression of three-body loss, which is not fully explained by the presently availably theory for three-body processes. The suppression of losses could indicate the presence of local anticorrelations due to the interplay of attractive short range interactions and low dimensional confinement. Our methodology opens a promising pathway in experimental few-body dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Reynolds
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E Schwartz
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - U Ebling
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Weyland
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Brand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M F Andersen
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Dogra N, Landini M, Kroeger K, Hruby L, Donner T, Esslinger T. Dissipation-induced structural instability and chiral dynamics in a quantum gas. Science 2019; 366:1496-1499. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Dogra
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Kroeger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Hruby
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Esslinger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Can T, Oganesyan V, Orgad D, Gopalakrishnan S. Spectral Gaps and Midgap States in Random Quantum Master Equations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:234103. [PMID: 31868445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.234103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the decay rates of chaotic quantum systems coupled to noise. We model both the Hamiltonian and the system-noise coupling by random N×N Hermitian matrices, and study the spectral properties of the resulting Liouvillian superoperator. We consider various random-matrix ensembles, and find that for all of them the asymptotic decay rate remains nonzero in the thermodynamic limit; i.e., the spectrum of the superoperator is gapped as N→∞. For finite N, the probability of finding a very small gap vanishes as P(Δ)∼Δ^{cN}, where c is insensitive to the dissipation strength. A sharp spectral transition takes place as the dissipation strength is increased: for dissipation beyond a critical strength, the slowest-decaying eigenvalues of the Liouvillian correspond to isolated "midgap" states. We give evidence that midgap states exist also for nonrandom system-noise coupling and discuss some experimental implications of the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tankut Can
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Vadim Oganesyan
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10012, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Dror Orgad
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sarang Gopalakrishnan
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10012, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
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21
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Yoshida T, Kudo K, Hatsugai Y. Non-Hermitian fractional quantum Hall states. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16895. [PMID: 31729412 PMCID: PMC6858315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the emergence of a topological ordered phase for non-Hermitian systems. Specifically, we elucidate that systems with non-Hermitian two-body interactions show a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state. The non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is considered to be relevant to cold atoms with dissipation. We conclude the emergence of the non-Hermitian FQH state by the presence of the topological degeneracy and by the many-body Chern number for the ground state multiplet showing Ctot = 1. The robust topological degeneracy against non-Hermiticity arises from the manybody translational symmetry. Furthermore, we discover that the FQH state emerges without any repulsive interactions, which is attributed to a phenomenon reminiscent of the continuous quantum Zeno effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan.
- Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Koji Kudo
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hatsugai
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
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22
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Yamamoto K, Nakagawa M, Adachi K, Takasan K, Ueda M, Kawakami N. Theory of Non-Hermitian Fermionic Superfluidity with a Complex-Valued Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:123601. [PMID: 31633989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental advances in ultracold atoms, we analyze a non-Hermitian (NH) BCS Hamiltonian with a complex-valued interaction arising from inelastic scattering between fermions. We develop a mean-field theory to obtain a NH gap equation for order parameters, which are different from the standard BCS ones due to the inequivalence of left and right eigenstates in the NH physics. We find unconventional phase transitions unique to NH systems: superfluidity shows reentrant behavior with increasing dissipation, as a consequence of nondiagonalizable exceptional points, lines, and surfaces in the quasiparticle Hamiltonian for weak attractive interactions. For strong attractive interactions, the superfluid gap never collapses but is enhanced by dissipation due to an interplay between the BCS-BEC crossover and the quantum Zeno effect. Our results lay the groundwork for studies of fermionic superfluidity subject to inelastic collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakagawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Adachi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takasan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Masahito Ueda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Carollo F, Gillman E, Weimer H, Lesanovsky I. Critical Behavior of the Quantum Contact Process in One Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:100604. [PMID: 31573316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contact process is a paradigmatic classical stochastic system displaying critical behavior even in one dimension. It features a nonequilibrium phase transition into an absorbing state that has been widely investigated and shown to belong to the directed percolation universality class. When the same process is considered in a quantum setting, much less is known. So far, mainly semiclassical studies have been conducted and the nature of the transition in low dimensions is still a matter of debate. Also, from a numerical point of view, from which the system may look fairly simple-especially in one dimension-results are lacking. In particular, the presence of the absorbing state poses a substantial challenge, which appears to affect the reliability of algorithms targeting directly the steady state. Here we perform real-time numerical simulations of the open dynamics of the quantum contact process and shed light on the existence and on the nature of an absorbing state phase transition in one dimension. We find evidence for the transition being continuous and provide first estimates for the critical exponents. Beyond the conceptual interest, the simplicity of the quantum contact process makes it an ideal benchmark problem for scrutinizing numerical methods for open quantum nonequilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carollo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Gillman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Dogra LH, Glidden JAP, Hilker TA, Eigen C, Cornell EA, Smith RP, Hadzibabic Z. Can Three-Body Recombination Purify a Quantum Gas? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:020405. [PMID: 31386523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-body recombination in quantum gases is traditionally associated with heating, but it was recently found that it can also cool the gas. We show that in a partially condensed three-dimensional homogeneous Bose gas three-body loss could even purify the sample, that is, reduce the entropy per particle and increase the condensed fraction η. We predict that the evolution of η under continuous three-body loss can, depending on small changes in the initial conditions, exhibit two qualitatively different behaviors-if it is initially above a certain critical value, η increases further, whereas clouds with lower initial η evolve towards a thermal gas. These dynamical effects should be observable under realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena H Dogra
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jake A P Glidden
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Eigen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Robert P Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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25
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J, Rui J, Rubio-Abadal A, Walther V, Pohl T, Stamper-Kurn DM, Bloch I, Gross C. Quantum gas microscopy of Rydberg macrodimers. Science 2019; 364:664-667. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jun Rui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Walther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Non-stationary coherent quantum many-body dynamics through dissipation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1730. [PMID: 30988312 PMCID: PMC6465298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The assumption that quantum systems relax to a stationary state in the long-time limit underpins statistical physics and much of our intuitive understanding of scientific phenomena. For isolated systems this follows from the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. When an environment is present the expectation is that all of phase space is explored, eventually leading to stationarity. Notable exceptions are decoherence-free subspaces that have important implications for quantum technologies and have so far only been studied for systems with a few degrees of freedom. Here we identify simple and generic conditions for dissipation to prevent a quantum many-body system from ever reaching a stationary state. We go beyond dissipative quantum state engineering approaches towards controllable long-time non-stationarity typically associated with macroscopic complex systems. This coherent and oscillatory evolution constitutes a dissipative version of a quantum time crystal. We discuss the possibility of engineering such complex dynamics with fermionic ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
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27
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Fröml H, Chiocchetta A, Kollath C, Diehl S. Fluctuation-Induced Quantum Zeno Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:040402. [PMID: 30768301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An isolated quantum gas with a localized loss features a nonmonotonic behavior of the particle loss rate as an incarnation of the quantum Zeno effect, as recently shown in experiments with cold atomic gases. While this effect can be understood in terms of local, microscopic physics, we show that novel many-body effects emerge when nonlinear gapless quantum fluctuations become important. To this end, we investigate the effect of a local dissipative impurity on a one-dimensional gas of interacting fermions. We show that the escape probability for modes close to the Fermi energy vanishes for an arbitrary strength of the dissipation. In addition, transport properties across the impurity are qualitatively modified, similarly to the Kane-Fisher barrier problem. We substantiate these findings using both a microscopic model of spinless fermions and a Luttinger liquid description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Fröml
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Chiocchetta
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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28
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Zundel LA, Wilson JM, Malvania N, Xia L, Riou JF, Weiss DS. Energy-Dependent Three-Body Loss in 1D Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013402. [PMID: 31012724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the loss of atoms in quantum Newton's cradles with a range of average energies and transverse confinements. We find that the three-body collision rate in one-dimension is strongly energy dependent, as predicted by a strictly 1D theory. We adapt the theory to atoms in waveguides, then, using detailed momentum measurements to infer all the collisions that occur, we compare the observed loss to the adapted theory and find that they agree well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Zundel
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joshua M Wilson
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Neel Malvania
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lin Xia
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jean-Felix Riou
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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29
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Nakagawa M, Kawakami N, Ueda M. Non-Hermitian Kondo Effect in Ultracold Alkaline-Earth Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:203001. [PMID: 30500253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Kondo effect in an open quantum system, motivated by recent experiments with ultracold alkaline-earth(-like) atoms. Because of inelastic collisions and the associated atom losses, this system is described by a complex-valued Kondo interaction and provides a non-Hermitian extension of the Kondo problem. We show that the non-Hermiticity induces anomalous reversion of renormalization-group flows which violate the g theorem due to nonunitarity and produce a quantum phase transition unique to non-Hermiticity. Furthermore, we exactly solve the non-Hermitian Kondo Hamiltonian using a generalized Bethe ansatz method and find the critical line consistent with the renormalization-group flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakagawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Soriente M, Donner T, Chitra R, Zilberberg O. Dissipation-Induced Anomalous Multicritical Phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183603. [PMID: 29775339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the influence of dissipation on a paradigmatic driven-dissipative model where a collection of two level atoms interact with both quadratures of a quantum cavity mode. The closed system exhibits multiple phase transitions involving discrete and continuous symmetries breaking and all phases culminate in a multicritical point. In the open system, we show that infinitesimal dissipation erases the phase with broken continuous symmetry and radically alters the model's phase diagram. The multicritical point now becomes brittle and splits into two tricritical points where first- and second-order symmetry-breaking transitions meet. A quantum fluctuations analysis shows that, surprisingly, the tricritical points exhibit anomalous finite fluctuations, as opposed to standard tricritical points arising in ^{3}He-^{4}He mixtures. Our work has direct implications for a variety of fields, including cold atoms and ions in optical cavities, circuit-quantum electrodynamics as well as optomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soriente
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Chitra
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Tomita T, Nakajima S, Danshita I, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Observation of the Mott insulator to superfluid crossover of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701513. [PMID: 29291246 PMCID: PMC5744470 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation is ubiquitous in nature and plays a crucial role in quantum systems such as causing decoherence of quantum states. Recently, much attention has been paid to an intriguing possibility of dissipation as an efficient tool for the preparation and manipulation of quantum states. We report the realization of successful demonstration of a novel role of dissipation in a quantum phase transition using cold atoms. We realize an engineered dissipative Bose-Hubbard system by introducing a controllable strength of two-body inelastic collision via photoassociation for ultracold bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. In the dynamics subjected to a slow ramp-down of the optical lattice, we find that strong on-site dissipation favors the Mott insulating state: The melting of the Mott insulator is delayed, and the growth of the phase coherence is suppressed. The controllability of the dissipation is highlighted by quenching the dissipation, providing a novel method for investigating a quantum many-body state and its nonequilibrium dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tomita
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuta Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ippei Danshita
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Gong Z, Higashikawa S, Ueda M. Zeno Hall Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:200401. [PMID: 28581785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that the quantum Zeno effect gives rise to the Hall effect by tailoring the Hilbert space of a two-dimensional lattice system into a single Bloch band with a nontrivial Berry curvature. Consequently, a wave packet undergoes transverse motion in response to a potential gradient-a phenomenon we call the Zeno Hall effect to highlight its quantum Zeno origin. The Zeno Hall effect leads to retroreflection at the edge of the system due to an interplay between the band flatness and the nontrivial Berry curvature. We propose an experimental implementation of this effect with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Gong
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Higashikawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Krauser JS, Heinze J, Götze S, Langbecker M, Fläschner N, Cook L, Hanna TM, Tiesinga E, Sengstock K, Becker C. Investigation of Feshbach resonances in ultracold 40K spin mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2017; 95:042701. [PMID: 29876533 PMCID: PMC5986192 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.95.042701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances are an indispensable tool for experiments with atomic quantum gases. We report on 37 thus far unpublished Feshbach resonances and four further probable Feshbach resonances in spin mixtures of ultracold fermionic 40K with temperatures well below 100 nK. In particular, we locate a broad resonance at B = 389.7G with a magnetic width of 26.7 G. Here 1 G = 10-4 T. Furthermore, by exciting low-energy spin waves, we demonstrate a means to precisely determine the zero crossing of the scattering length for this broad Feshbach resonance. Our findings allow for further tunability in experiments with ultracold 40K quantum gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Krauser
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Heinze
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Götze
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Langbecker
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Fläschner
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Cook
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T. M. Hanna
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - E. Tiesinga
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - K. Sengstock
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Becker
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Inelastic collisions of ultracold triplet Rb 2 molecules in the rovibrational ground state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14854. [PMID: 28332492 PMCID: PMC5376650 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and controlling inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a main goal of the developing field of ultracold chemistry. For this, the preparation of precisely defined initial atomic and molecular states in tailored environments is necessary. Here we present experimental studies of inelastic collisions of metastable ultracold Rb2 molecules in an array of quasi-1D potential tubes. In particular, we investigate collisions of molecules in the absolute lowest triplet energy level where any inelastic process requires a change of the electronic state. Remarkably, we find similar decay rates as for collisions between rotationally or vibrationally excited triplet molecules where other decay paths are also available. The decay rates are close to the ones for universal reactions but vary considerably when confinement and collision energy are changed. This might be exploited to control the collisional properties of molecules. Investigating the collisional behaviour of molecules on the quantum level is the key in understanding and controlling chemical reactions. Here the authors measure inelastic collision rates for ultracold Rb2 dimers in precisely defined quantum states and show that the rates can be tuned via external parameters.
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Laurent S, Pierce M, Delehaye M, Yefsah T, Chevy F, Salomon C. Connecting Few-Body Inelastic Decay to Quantum Correlations in a Many-Body System: A Weakly Coupled Impurity in a Resonant Fermi Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:103403. [PMID: 28339272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study three-body recombination in an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture. We first show theoretically that, for weak interspecies coupling, the loss rate is proportional to Tan's contact. Second, using a ^{7}Li/^{6}Li mixture we probe the recombination rate in both the thermal and dual superfluid regimes. We find excellent agreement with our model in the BEC-BCS crossover. At unitarity where the fermion-fermion scattering length diverges, we show that the loss rate is proportional to n_{f}^{4/3}, where n_{f} is the fermionic density. This unusual exponent signals nontrivial two-body correlations in the system. Our results demonstrate that few-body losses can be used as a quantitative probe of quantum correlations in many-body ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Laurent
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Pierce
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Delehaye
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tarik Yefsah
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Chevy
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Salomon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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36
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He L, Sieberer LM, Diehl S. Space-Time Vortex Driven Crossover and Vortex Turbulence Phase Transition in One-Dimensional Driven Open Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:085301. [PMID: 28282158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.085301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We find a first-order transition driven by the strength of nonequilibrium conditions of one-dimensional driven open condensates. Associated with this transition is a new stable nonequilibrium phase, space-time vortex turbulence, whose vortex density and quasiparticle distribution show strongly nonthermal behavior. Below the transition, we identify a new time scale associated with noise-activated unbound space-time vortices, beyond which, the temporal coherence function changes from a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-type subexponential to a disordered exponential decay. Experimental realization of the nonequilibrium vortex turbulent phase is facilitated in driven open condensates with a large diffusion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas M Sieberer
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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37
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Yusipov I, Laptyeva T, Denisov S, Ivanchenko M. Localization in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:070402. [PMID: 28256848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In an isolated single-particle quantum system, a spatial disorder can induce Anderson localization. Being a result of interference, this phenomenon is expected to be fragile in the face of dissipation. Here we show that a proper dissipation can drive a disordered system into a steady state with tunable localization properties. This can be achieved with a set of identical dissipative operators, each one acting nontrivially on a pair of sites. Operators are parametrized by a uniform phase, which controls the selection of Anderson modes contributing to the state. On the microscopic level, quantum trajectories of a system in the asymptotic regime exhibit intermittent dynamics consisting of long-time sticking events near selected modes interrupted by intermode jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yusipov
- Institute of Supercomputing Technologies, Lobachevsky University, Gagarina avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - T Laptyeva
- Department of Control Theory and Systems Dynamics, Lobachevsky University, Gagarina avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - S Denisov
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - M Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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38
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Noh C, Angelakis DG. Quantum simulations and many-body physics with light. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016401. [PMID: 27811404 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the works in the area of quantum simulation and many-body physics with light, from the early proposals on equilibrium models to the more recent works in driven dissipative platforms. We start by describing the founding works on Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model and the corresponding photon-blockade induced Mott transitions and continue by discussing the proposals to simulate effective spin models and fractional quantum Hall states in coupled resonator arrays (CRAs). We also analyse the recent efforts to study out-of-equilibrium many-body effects using driven CRAs, including the predictions for photon fermionisation and crystallisation in driven rings of CRAs as well as other dynamical and transient phenomena. We try to summarise some of the relatively recent results predicting exotic phases such as super-solidity and Majorana like modes and then shift our attention to developments involving 1D nonlinear slow light setups. There the simulation of strongly correlated phases characterising Tonks-Girardeau gases, Luttinger liquids, and interacting relativistic fermionic models is described. We review the major theory results and also briefly outline recent developments in ongoing experimental efforts involving different platforms in circuit QED, photonic crystals and nanophotonic fibres interfaced with cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Noh
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore. Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro, Seoul 02455, Korea
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39
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Overbeck VR, Maghrebi MF, Gorshkov AV, Weimer H. Multicritical behavior in dissipative Ising models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2017; 95:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.042133. [PMID: 31093585 PMCID: PMC6513333 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.95.042133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically the many-body dynamics of a dissipative Ising model in a transverse field using a variational approach. We find that the steady-state phase diagram is substantially modified compared to its equilibrium counterpart, including the appearance of a multicritical point belonging to a different universality class. Building on our variational analysis, we establish a field-theoretical treatment corresponding to a dissipative variant of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, which allows us to compute the upper critical dimension of the system. Finally, we present a possible experimental realization of the dissipative Ising model using ultracold Rydberg gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R. Overbeck
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad F. Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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40
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Marino J, Diehl S. Driven Markovian Quantum Criticality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:070407. [PMID: 26943517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We identify a new universality class in one-dimensional driven open quantum systems with a dark state. Salient features are the persistence of both the microscopic nonequilibrium conditions as well as the quantum coherence of dynamics close to criticality. This provides a nonequilibrium analogue of quantum criticality, and is sharply distinct from more generic driven systems, where both effective thermalization as well as asymptotic decoherence ensue, paralleling classical dynamical criticality. We quantify universality by computing the full set of independent critical exponents within a functional renormalization group approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamir Marino
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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41
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Taie S, Watanabe S, Ichinose T, Takahashi Y. Feshbach-Resonance-Enhanced Coherent Atom-Molecule Conversion with Ultranarrow Photoassociation Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:043202. [PMID: 26871328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We reveal the existence of high-density Feshbach resonances in the collision between the ground and metastable states of ^{171}Yb and coherently produce the associated Feshbach molecules by photoassociation. The extremely small transition rate is overcome by the enhanced Franck-Condon factor of the weakly bound Feshbach molecule, allowing us to observe Rabi oscillations with long decay time between an atom pair and a molecule in an optical lattice. We also perform the precision measurement of the binding energies, which characterizes the observed resonances. The ultranarrow photoassociation will be a basis for practical implementation of optical Feshbach resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Taie
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichinose
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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42
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Patil YS, Chakram S, Vengalattore M. Measurement-Induced Localization of an Ultracold Lattice Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:140402. [PMID: 26551797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The process of measurement can modify the state of a quantum system and its subsequent evolution. Here, we demonstrate the control of quantum tunneling in an ultracold lattice gas by the measurement backaction imposed by the act of imaging the atoms, i.e., light scattering. By varying the rate of light scattering from the atomic ensemble, we show the crossover from the weak measurement regime, where position measurements have little influence on tunneling dynamics, to the strong measurement regime, where measurement-induced localization causes a large suppression of tunneling--a manifestation of the quantum Zeno effect. Our study realizes an experimental demonstration of the paradigmatic Heisenberg microscope and sheds light on the implications of measurement on the coherent evolution of a quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Patil
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - S Chakram
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - M Vengalattore
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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43
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Photonic lattice simulation of dissipation-induced correlations in bosonic systems. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8438. [PMID: 25708778 PMCID: PMC4338417 DOI: 10.1038/srep08438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an optical simulation of dissipation-induced correlations in one-dimensional (1D) interacting bosonic systems, using a two-dimensional (2D) array of linear photonic waveguides and only classical light. We show that for the case of two bosons in a 1D lattice, one can simulate on-site two-body dissipative dynamics using a linear 2D waveguide array with lossy diagonal waveguides. The intensity distribution of the propagating light directly maps out the wave function, allowing one to observe the dissipation-induced correlations with simple measurements. Beyond the on-site model, we also show that a generalised model containing nearest-neighbour dissipative interaction can be engineered and probed in the proposed set-up.
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44
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Stannigel K, Hauke P, Marcos D, Hafezi M, Diehl S, Dalmonte M, Zoller P. Constrained dynamics via the Zeno effect in quantum simulation: implementing non-Abelian lattice gauge theories with cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:120406. [PMID: 24724634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show how engineered classical noise can be used to generate constrained Hamiltonian dynamics in atomic quantum simulators of many-body systems, taking advantage of the continuous Zeno effect. After discussing the general theoretical framework, we focus on applications in the context of lattice gauge theories, where imposing exotic, quasilocal constraints is usually challenging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme for both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories, and discuss how engineering dissipative constraints substitutes complicated, nonlocal interaction patterns by global coupling to laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stannigel
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Hauke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Marcos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Diehl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Dalmonte
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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45
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Zhu B, Gadway B, Foss-Feig M, Schachenmayer J, Wall ML, Hazzard KRA, Yan B, Moses SA, Covey JP, Jin DS, Ye J, Holland M, Rey AM. Suppressing the loss of ultracold molecules via the continuous quantum Zeno effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:070404. [PMID: 24579573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the suppression of two-body losses when the on-site loss rate is larger than all other energy scales in a lattice. This work quantitatively explains the recently observed suppression of chemical reactions between two rotational states of fermionic KRb molecules confined in one-dimensional tubes with a weak lattice along the tubes [Yan et al., Nature (London) 501, 521 (2013)]. New loss rate measurements performed for different lattice parameters but under controlled initial conditions allow us to show that the loss suppression is a consequence of the combined effects of lattice confinement and the continuous quantum Zeno effect. A key finding, relevant for generic strongly reactive systems, is that while a single-band theory can qualitatively describe the data, a quantitative analysis must include multiband effects. Accounting for these effects reduces the inferred molecule filling fraction by a factor of 5. A rate equation can describe much of the data, but to properly reproduce the loss dynamics with a fixed fillingfraction for all lattice parameters we develop a mean-field model and benchmark it with numerically exacttime-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - B Gadway
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Foss-Feig
- JQI, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Schachenmayer
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M L Wall
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K R A Hazzard
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - B Yan
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S A Moses
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J P Covey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D S Jin
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J Ye
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Holland
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A M Rey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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46
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Bernier JS, Citro R, Kollath C, Orignac E. Correlation dynamics during a slow interaction quench in a one-dimensional Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:065301. [PMID: 24580691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the response of a one-dimensional Bose gas to a slow increase of its interaction strength. We focus on the rich dynamics of equal-time single-particle correlations treating the Lieb-Liniger model within a bosonization approach and the Bose-Hubbard model using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. For short distances, correlations follow a power law with distance with an exponent given by the adiabatic approximation. In contrast, for long distances, correlations decay algebraically with an exponent understood within the sudden quench approximation. This long distance regime is separated from an intermediate distance one by a generalized Lieb-Robinson criterion. At long times, in this intermediate regime, bosonization predicts that single-particle correlations decay following a stretched exponential, an unconventional behavior. We develop here an intuitive understanding for the propagation of correlations, in terms of a generalized light cone, applicable to a large variety of systems and quench forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Bernier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Roberta Citro
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello" and CNR-SPIN, Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Corinna Kollath
- HISKP, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Edmond Orignac
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5672, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
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Vorberg D, Wustmann W, Ketzmerick R, Eckardt A. Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation into multiple states in driven-dissipative systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240405. [PMID: 24483633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensation, the macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state, appears in equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics and persists also in the hydrodynamic regime close to equilibrium. Here we show that even when a degenerate Bose gas is driven into a steady state far from equilibrium, where the notion of a single-particle ground state becomes meaningless, Bose-Einstein condensation survives in a generalized form: the unambiguous selection of an odd number of states acquiring large occupations. Within mean-field theory we derive a criterion for when a single state and when multiple states are Bose selected in a noninteracting gas. We study the effect in several driven-dissipative model systems, and propose a quantum switch for heat conductivity based on shifting between one and three selected states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vorberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Waltraut Wustmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Ketzmerick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Eckardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Bauer J, Salomon C, Demler E. Realizing a Kondo-correlated state with ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:215304. [PMID: 24313499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel realization of Kondo physics with ultracold atomic gases. It is based on a Fermi sea of two different hyperfine states of one atom species forming bound states with a different species, which is spatially confined in a trapping potential. We show that different situations displaying Kondo physics can be realized when Feshbach resonances between the species are tuned by a magnetic field and the trapping frequency is varied. We illustrate that a mixture of 40K and 23Na atoms can be used to generate a Kondo-correlated state and that momentum resolved radio frequency spectroscopy can provide unambiguous signatures of the formation of Kondo resonances at the Fermi energy. We discuss how tools of atomic physics can be used to investigate open questions for Kondo physics, such as the extension of the Kondo screening cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bauer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Poletti D, Barmettler P, Georges A, Kollath C. Emergence of glasslike dynamics for dissipative and strongly interacting bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:195301. [PMID: 24266477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.195301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a strongly interacting bosonic quantum gas in an optical lattice potential under the effect of a dissipative environment. We show that the interplay between the dissipative process and the Hamiltonian evolution leads to an unconventional dynamical behavior of local number fluctuations. In particular, we show, both analytically and numerically, the emergence of an anomalous diffusive evolution in configuration space at short times and, at long times, an unconventional dynamics dominated by rare events. Such rare events, common in disordered and frustrated systems, are due here to strong interactions. This complex two-stage dynamics reveals information on the level structure of the strongly interacting gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Poletti
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 20 Dover Drive 138682, Singapore
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