1
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Giorgi M, Masson K, Chentouf S, Commeiras L, Nava P, Chouraqui G. Template-Directed In Crystallo Photopolymerization of a Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane: When Everything Falls into Place! J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17384-17392. [PMID: 38868986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A single-crystal-to-single-crystal solid-state reaction of vinylogous donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is documented. The enantiospecific synthesis of new products, distinct from those obtained in solution, is achieved for the target compounds. Photopolymerization occurred upon X-ray exposure to the crystals. Notably, in one case, this reactivity exhibits selectivity since an ordered arrangement of polymers and unreacted cocrystallized monomeric conformers has been observed. Structural characterization of the complete transformation monitored through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and supported by molecular dynamics simulations sheds light on the subtle role of crystal packing in the reaction process. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction (XRD)-resolved structure of a donor-acceptor cyclopropane intermediate reveals an elongation in bond length that corroborates the existence of the so-called "push-pull effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sara Chentouf
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, FSCM, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
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2
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Wang J, Marks JH, Eckhardt AK, Kaiser RI. Bottom-Up Formation of Antiaromatic Cyclobutadiene ( c-C 4H 4) in Interstellar Ice Analogs. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1211-1217. [PMID: 38272465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Antiaromatic cyclobutadiene (c-C4H4) is the simplest prototype of [n]annulenes and a key reactive intermediate with significant ring strain, serving as the model compound for antiaromatic systems in organic chemistry. Here, we report the first bottom-up formation of cyclobutadiene in low-temperature acetylene (C2H2) ices exposed to energetic electrons. Cyclobutadiene was isolated and detected in the gas phase upon sublimation utilizing vacuum ultraviolet photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry along with ultraviolet photolysis studies. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of the exotic chemistry and preparation of highly strained antiaromatic cycles through non-equilibrium chemistry in interstellar environments, thus affording a possible route for the formation of highly strained molecules such as the hitherto elusive tetrahedrane (C4H4). Because acetylene is a major product of the photolysis and radiolysis of methane (CH4) ice, an abundant component of interstellar ices, our results suggest that cyclobutadiene can likely be formed in methane-rich ices of cold molecular clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Joshua H Marks
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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3
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Raymond KN, Girolami GS. Pathological crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:445-455. [PMID: 37610288 PMCID: PMC10625717 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623007088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen enormous changes in the technology of crystal structure analysis, but the interpretation of these data still depends on human judgment, and errors are far from uncommon. Although analysing the crystallographic results with available software tools can catch many types of errors, others can be detected only by combining knowledge of both crystallography and chemistry. We discuss several such examples from the published literature, and for each of them we identify what lessons they teach us. The examples are categorized by the type of error: correct crystallography but incorrect chemistry, mis-assignment of atoms, high-symmetry superstructures with included guest molecules, incorrect choice of space group, incorrect choice of unit-cell size, and unresolved problems. These examples are intended to counteract the aura of infallibility that crystal structures sometimes assume and to alert the reader to features to look for in detecting pathological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gregory S Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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4
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Thompson AL, White NG. Hydrogen atoms in supramolecular chemistry: a structural perspective. Where are they, and why does it matter? Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6254-6269. [PMID: 37599586 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding interactions are ubiquitous across the biochemical and chemical sciences, and are of particular interest to supramolecular chemists. They have been used to assemble hydrogen bonded polymers, cages and frameworks, and are the functional motif in many host-guest systems. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies are often used as a key support for proposed structures, although this presents challenges as hydrogen atoms interact only weakly with X-rays. In this Tutorial Review, we discuss the information that can be gleaned about hydrogen bonding interactions through crystallographic experiments, key limitations of the data, and emerging techniques to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Thompson
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Nicholas G White
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, ACT, Australia.
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5
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Li Q, Hua Y, Tang C, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Isolation, Reactivity, and Tunable Properties of a Strained Antiaromatic Osmacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7580-7591. [PMID: 36952602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Strain and antiaromaticity in compounds are recognized as two substantial destabilizing features, and consequently, realization of dual destabilizing features in a single molecule is challenging and far more difficult in a single ring. Moreover, transformation of an antiaromatic framework to different antiaromatic or aromatic species is a significant subject in antiaromatic chemistry and has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we isolated a highly strained antiaromatic metallacycle in which a cyclic metal vinylidene unit is embedded. Computational studies revealed its ring strain energies and antiaromatic character and showed that the metal incorporation and the phosphonium substituents play a crucial role in its stabilization. The mechanism of its formation has been illustrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the isolation of a key intermediate. We further discovered diverse reactivities and structural reshuffling of this unusual strained antiaromatic complex according to its two destabilizing characters. We obtained two isomers of metallaindenes fused with oxiranes from the direct oxidation of the metal vinylidene or by nucleophilic addition to an isolated metallacyclocumulene formed by the reaction of metal vinylidene with hydroxide ion, achieving a reconfiguration of the antiaromatic framework. Transformations of the antiaromatic metallacycle by electrophiles to various aromatic metallaindynes have been achieved, and that a condensed Fukui function was employed to confirm the regioselectivity of the electrophilic additions, and the acid/base-induced aromaticity switch along with tunable photophysical properties were investigated. These interesting transformations not only enrich the chemistry of metal vinylidenes and antiaromatics and could also perform potentially as switchable optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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6
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Bergman HM, Beattie DD, Handford RC, Rossomme E, Suslick BA, Head-Gordon M, Cundari TR, Liu Y, Tilley TD. Copper(III) Metallacyclopentadienes via Zirconocene Transfer and Reductive Elimination to an Isolable Phenanthrocyclobutadiene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9853-9858. [PMID: 35604847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of copper catalysis for the formation of C-C bonds, debate about the mechanism persists. Reductive elimination from Cu(III) is often invoked as a key step, yet examples of its direct observation from isolable complexes remain limited to only a few examples. Here, we demonstrate that incorporation of bulky mesityl (Mes) groups into the α-positions of a phenanthrene-appended zirconacyclopentadiene, Cp2Zr(2,5-Mes2-phenanthro[9,10]C4), enables efficient oxidative transmetalation to the corresponding, formal Cu(III) metallacyclopentadiene dimer. The dimer was quantitatively converted to a structurally analogous anionic monomer [nBu4N]{Cl2Cu(2,5-Mes2-phenanthro[9,10]C4)} upon treatment with [nBu4N][Cl]. Both metallacycles undergo quantitative reductive elimination upon heating to generate phenanthrocyclobutadiene and a Cu(I) species. Due to the steric protection provided by the mesityl groups, this cyclobutadiene was isolated and thoroughly characterized to reveal antiaromaticity comparable to that of free cyclobutadiene, which imbues it with a small highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap of 1.85 eV and accessible reduced and oxidized electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - D Dawson Beattie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elliot Rossomme
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin A Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Hong C, Baltazar J, Tovar JD. Manifestations of antiaromaticity in organic materials: case studies of cyclobutadiene, borole, and pentalene. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Tovar
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering 3400 N. Charles StreetNCB 316 MD 21218 Baltimore UNITED STATES
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8
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Shi Q, Liu B, Li J, Wang X, Wang L. Catalysis in Single Crystalline Materials: From Discrete Molecules to Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3544-3557. [PMID: 34545994 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis is one of the key techniques for people's modern life. It has created numerous essential chemicals such as biomedicines, agricultural chemicals and unique materials. Heterogeneous catalysis is the new emerging method with reusable catalysts. Among heterogenous catalysis patterns developed so far, single crystalline catalysis has become the promising one owing to its high catalytic density and selectivity resulted by the inherent porosity, orderliness of the lattices and permeability. These crystalline catalysts could be used in various reactions such as photo-dimerization, Diels-Alder reaction, CO2 transformation and so on. In this review, we highlighted the reported works about the single crystalline catalysts. Both discrete small molecules and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to prepare single crystals for catalysis. For discrete molecules based crystalline catalysts, coordinated and covalent molecules have been used. There were more catalytic modes in crystalline MOF catalysts. Three patterns were identified in this review: single crystalline MOFs i) without catalytic sites, ii) with inherent catalytic features and iii) with introducing catalytic units by post synthetic modification. Based on these examples, this review committed to provide the inspirations for the further design and application of single crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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10
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Dai L, Feng WX, Zheng SP, Jiang JJ, Wang D, van der Lee A, Dumitrescu D, Barboiu M. Progressive Folding and Adaptive Multivalent Recognition of Alkyl Amines and Amino Acids in p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene Hosts: Solid-State and Solution Studies. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1623-1631. [PMID: 32286737 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Calix[4]arenes have the ability to encapsulate biomimetic guests, offering interesting opportunities to explore their molecular recognition, very close to biological scenarios. In this study, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (C4 A) anions and hydrated alkali cations have been used for the in situ recognition of cationic 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes and 1,ω-amino-acids of variable lengths. NMR spectroscopy illustrates that these systems are stable in aqueous solution and the interaction process involves several binding states or stabilized conformations within the C4 A anion, depending of the nature of the guest. DOSY experiments showed that monomeric 1 : 1 host-guest species are present, while the cation does not influence their self-assembly in solution. The folded conformations observed in the solid-state X-ray single-crystal structures shed light on the constitutional adaptivity of flexible chains to environmental factors. Futhermore, a comprehensive screening of 30 single crystal structures helped to understand the in situ conformational fixation and accurate determination of the folded structures of the confined guest molecules, with a compression up to 40 % compared with their linear conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Dai
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xu Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Ping Zheng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Jun Jiang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Dan Dumitrescu
- XRD2 beamline, Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, 34095, Montpellier, France
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11
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Gropp C, Fischer S, Husch T, Trapp N, Carreira EM, Diederich F. Molecular Recognition and Cocrystallization of Methylated and Halogenated Fragments of Danicalipin A by Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4749-4755. [PMID: 32114766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure (P)4- and (M)4-configured alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors offer a highly defined interior for the complexation and structure elucidation of small molecule fragments of the stereochemically complex chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A. Solution (NMR), solid state (X-ray), and theoretical investigations of the formed host-guest complexes provide insight into the conformational preferences of 14 achiral and chiral derivatives of the danicalipin A chlorohydrin core in a confined, mostly hydrophobic environment, extending previously reported studies in polar solvents. The conserved binding mode of the guests permits deciphering the effect of functional group replacements on Gibbs binding energies ΔG. A strong contribution of conformational energies toward the binding affinities is revealed, which explains why the denser packing of larger apolar domains of the guests does not necessarily lead to higher association. Enantioselective binding of chiral guests, with energetic differences ΔΔG293 K up to 0.7 kcal mol-1 between diastereoisomeric complexes, is explained by hydrogen- and halogen-bonding, as well as dispersion interactions. Calorimetric studies (ITC) show that the stronger binding of one enantiomer is accompanied by an increased gain in enthalpy ΔH but at the cost of a larger entropic penalty TΔS stemming from tighter binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Gropp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Husch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Brekalo I, Deliz DE, Barbour LJ, Ward MD, Friščić T, Holman KT. Microporosity of a Guanidinium Organodisulfonate Hydrogen‐Bonded Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1997-2002. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Brekalo
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - David E. Deliz
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Matieland 7600 South Africa
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Molecular Design InstituteDepartment of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East 10003 New York USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - K. Travis Holman
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
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13
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Brekalo I, Deliz DE, Barbour LJ, Ward MD, Friščić T, Holman KT. Microporosity of a Guanidinium Organodisulfonate Hydrogen‐Bonded Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Brekalo
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - David E. Deliz
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of Stellenbosch Matieland 7600 South Africa
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Molecular Design InstituteDepartment of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East 10003 New York USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - K. Travis Holman
- Department of ChemistryGeorgetown University (GU) 37th and O Street NW 20057 Washington DC USA
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14
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Wang S. Efficiently Calculating Anharmonic Frequencies of Molecular Vibration by Molecular Dynamics Trajectory Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9271-9283. [PMID: 31460016 PMCID: PMC6648323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two efficient methods, the Eckart frame algorithm and the multiorder derivative algorithm, for vibrational frequency calculation directly based on the raw data of atomic trajectory from the state-of-the-art first-principles molecular dynamics simulation are presented. The Eckart frame approach is robust to retrieve the full set of anharmonic fundamental frequencies of any molecule from the atomic trajectory for a sufficiently long molecular dynamics simulation at a temperature close to 0 K. In addition to the fundamental vibrational frequencies, the multiorder derivative approach is universal for the calculations of vibrational frequencies based on the molecular dynamics result in a wide range of temperatures. The accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of these two methods are demonstrated through several successful examples in calculating the anharmonic fundamental vibrational frequencies of methane, ethylene, water, and cyclobutadiene.
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15
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Jana S, Bandyopadhyay A, Jana D. Acetylenic linkage dependent electronic and optical behaviour of morphologically distinct ‘-ynes’. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13795-13808. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01914f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We have critically examined the key role of acetylenic linkages (–CC–) in determining the opto-electronic responses of the dynamically stable tetragonal (T) ‘-ynes’ with the help of density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Jana
- Department of Physics
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | | | - Debnarayan Jana
- Department of Physics
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
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16
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Feng WX, Dai L, Zheng SP, van der Lee A, Su CY, Barboiu M. “Calix[4]-box” cages promote the formation of amide bonds in water in the absence of coupling reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9738-9740. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]box cages promote template synthesis via accelerated amide bond formation upon encapsulation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xu Feng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Liya Dai
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Shao-Ping Zheng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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17
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Dumitrescu DG, Feng WX, Legrand YM, van der Lee A, Petit E, Barboiu M. Pyrene-box capsules for adaptive encapsulation and structure determination of unstable or non-crystalline guest molecules. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
“Pyrene-box” cages easily crystallize from aqueous solutions and readily encapsulate compounds of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G. Dumitrescu
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Wei-xu Feng
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Europeen des Membranes
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group University of Montpellier
- ENSCM-CNRS
- Montpellier
- France
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18
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Zyubina TS, Shmygleva LV, Pisarev RV, Zyubin AS, Pisareva AV, Dobrovolsky YA, Volokhov VM. Crystalline hydrates of calix[4]arene-para-sulfonic acid with n (n = 6–16) water molecules: a structure modeling. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Feng WX, van der Lee A, Legrand YM, Petit E, Su CY, Barboiu M. “Pyrene Box” Cages for the Confinement of Biogenic Amines. Chemistry 2017; 23:4037-4041. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xu Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS UMR-5635; Place E. Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS UMR-5635; Place E. Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS UMR-5635; Place E. Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS UMR-5635; Place E. Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group; Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UM-CNRS UMR-5635; Place E. Bataillon, CC 047 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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20
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A study of hierarchy of hydrogen and halogen bonds in the molecular complexes of 4-iodophenol with various aza-donor compounds. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Misale A, Niyomchon S, Maulide N. Cyclobutenes: At a Crossroad between Diastereoselective Syntheses of Dienes and Unique Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2444-2458. [PMID: 27797480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rich chemistry of cyclobutanes is underpinned by a large body of synthetic literature devoted to their synthesis and decoration. This is motivated by the widespread representation of cyclobutane moieties in biologically active natural products and man-made molecules. Surprisingly, this vast array of knowledge finds no parallel in the chemistry of cyclobutenes, their unsaturated analogues. In particular, a dearth of methods to synthesize enantioenriched cyclobutenes is apparent upon cursory investigation of the literature. As a leading example, the photocycloaddition of maleic anhydride to acetylene or dichloroethylene, probably a benchmark of cyclobutene synthesis, delivers a meso cyclic anhydride which can be further converted to a cyclobutene product by enantioselective desymmetrization by ring opening. Nonetheless, such an approach delivers products with a rather inflexible substitution pattern around the four-membered ring. The lack of general approaches has motivated our group and others to develop novel routes to cyclobutene scaffolds, leading to the development of a strategy that combines photochemistry and catalysis. Indeed, we have coupled the simple and efficient photochemical isomerization of 2-pyrone into a strained bicyclo[2.2.0] lactone with palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation as a simple and versatile access to functionalized cyclobutenes. Several nucleophiles can be added to the activated, strained intermediate, including malonate anions and azlactones. The products are mono- and bicyclic building blocks richly decorated with functional groups. Importantly, they are formed with high levels of diastereoselectivity as expected by the tenets of palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation, which posit that the oxidative addition and nucleophilic capture steps proceed with inversion of configuration, resulting in overall retention (inversion + inversion). However, the transposition of the methodology to an asymmetric version subsequently led to the surprising discovery of a family of highly enantioselective, diastereodivergent catalytic processes. Indeed, we observed a ligand-dependent stereochemical outcome for a range of palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations affording either overall retention or overall inversion of configuration, and that with very high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity. The new family of diastereodivergent reactions enables the conversion of the aforementioned racemic bicyclo[2.2.0] lactone into each of 4 stereoisomeric products, at will. Although the mechanistic details at the origin of this unusual stereodivergence are not yet fully elucidated, it became clear through our studies that unique Pd-allyl complexes, residing preferentially as their σ-(monohapto)-bound isomers, are at the heart of the process. The cyclobutenes prepared can also engage in electrocyclic ring-opening reactions (often spontaneous depending on the substitution pattern) that link this chemistry with that of diene and polyene frameworks. Using the strategies laid out above, our group was then able to harness the high stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions and design modular syntheses of several natural products and natural product fragments. We believe that the methods presented herein shall soon pave the way for the streamlined synthesis of more complex polyenic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Misale
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Supaporn Niyomchon
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Lee S, Kapustin EA, Yaghi OM. Coordinative alignment of molecules in chiral metal-organic frameworks. Science 2016; 353:808-11. [PMID: 27540171 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf9135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A chiral metal-organic framework, MOF-520, was used to coordinatively bind and align molecules of varying size, complexity, and functionality. The reduced motional degrees of freedom obtained with this coordinative alignment method allowed the structures of molecules to be determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The chirality of the MOF backbone also served as a reference in the structure solution for an unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration of bound molecules. Sixteen molecules representing four common functional groups (primary alcohol, phenol, vicinal diol, and carboxylic acid), ranging in complexity from methanol to plant hormones (gibberellins, containing eight stereocenters), were crystallized and had their precise structure determined. We distinguished single and double bonds in gibberellins, and we enantioselectively crystallized racemic jasmonic acid, whose absolute configuration had only been inferred from derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Berkeley Global Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eugene A Kapustin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Berkeley Global Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Berkeley Global Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Geometry, Electronic Structure, and Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effect in Tetrasilacyclobutadiene Analogues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23315. [PMID: 26996445 PMCID: PMC4800417 DOI: 10.1038/srep23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We revealed the origin of the structural features of a series of tetrasilacyclobutadiene analogues based on a detailed study of their electronic structure and the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE). Starting with the D4h symmetry of the Si4R4 system with a square four-membered silicon ring as a reference geometry, and employing ab initio calculations of energy profiles along lower-symmetry nuclear displacements in the ground and several excited states, we show that the ground-state boat-like and chair-like equilibrium configurations are produced by the PJT interaction with appropriate excited sates. For Si4F4 a full two-mode b1g−b2g adiabatic potential energy surface is calculated showing explicitly the way of transformation from the unstable D4h geometry to the two equilibrium C2h configurations via the D2h saddle point. The PJTE origin of these structural features is confirmed also by estimates of the vibronic coupling parameters. For Si4R4 with large substituents the origin of their structure is revealed by analyzing the PJT interaction between the frontier molecular orbitals. The preferred chair-like structures of Si4R4 analogues with amido substituents, and heavier germanium-containing systems Ge4R4 (potential precursors for semiconducting materials) are predicted.
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24
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Baek SB, Moon D, Graf R, Cho WJ, Park SW, Yoon TU, Cho SJ, Hwang IC, Bae YS, Spiess HW, Lee HC, Kim KS. High-temperature in situ crystallographic observation of reversible gas sorption in impermeable organic cages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14156-61. [PMID: 26578758 PMCID: PMC4655546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504586112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic observation of adsorbed gas molecules is a highly difficult task due to their rapid motion. Here, we report the in situ single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray observations of reversible CO2 sorption processes in an apparently nonporous organic crystal under varying pressures at high temperatures. The host material is formed by hydrogen bond network between 1,3,5-tris-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and by π-π stacking between the H3BTB moieties. The material can be viewed as a well-ordered array of cages, which are tight packed with each other so that the cages are inaccessible from outside. Thus, the host is practically nonporous. Despite the absence of permanent pathways connecting the empty cages, they are permeable to CO2 at high temperatures due to thermally activated molecular gating, and the weakly confined CO2 molecules in the cages allow direct detection by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 323 K. Variable-temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies also show that the CO2 sorption is reversible and driven by temperature increase. Solid-state magic angle spinning NMR defines the interactions of CO2 with the organic framework and dynamic motion of CO2 in cages. The reversible sorption is attributed to the dynamic motion of the DMF molecules combined with the axial motions/angular fluctuations of CO2 (a series of transient opening/closing of compartments enabling CO2 molecule passage), as revealed from NMR and simulations. This temperature-driven transient molecular gating can store gaseous molecules in ordered arrays toward unique collective properties and release them for ready use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-834, Korea
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Woo Jong Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Tae-Ung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - In-Chul Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Youn-Sang Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hans W Spiess
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hee Cheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea;
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25
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Zyubina TS, Shmygleva LV, Pisarev RV, Zyubin AS, Pisareva AV, Dobrovolsky YA, Volokhov VM. Calix[4]arene-p-sulfonic acid hydrates [CH2(OH)C6H2SO3H]4•nH2O (n = 6, 8, 9, 10, 12): a quantum chemical study. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Barboiu M. Constitutional Dynamic Materials—Toward Natural Selection of Function. Chem Rev 2015; 116:809-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems
Group, Institut Européen des Membranes—UMR CNRS 5635, Place Eugène
Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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27
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Shmygleva LV, Sanginov EA, Kayumov RR, Ukshe AE, Dobrovol’skii YA. Effect of the structure of calix[4]arene-para-sulfonic acid on its transport properties. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Dumitrescu D, Dumitru F, Legrand YM, Petit E, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. New "pyrene box" cages for adaptive guest conformations. Org Lett 2015; 17:2178-81. [PMID: 25893519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of controlling the compression extent and the coiling shape of the 1,12-diammoniumdodecane guest is shown by changing the dimensions of the internal space of the host guanidinium 1,3,5,8 pyrene-tetrasulfonate PTS(4-) crystalline capsules by using guanidinium (G(+)), amino-guanidinium (AG(+)), and diaminoguanidinium (A2G(+)) cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dumitrescu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Florina Dumitru
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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29
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Zhu C, Yang Y, Luo M, Yang C, Wu J, Chen L, Liu G, Wen T, Zhu J, Xia H. Stabilizing Two Classical Antiaromatic Frameworks: Demonstration of Photoacoustic Imaging and the Photothermal Effect in Metalla-aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6181-5. [PMID: 25824395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antiaromatic species are substantially less thermodynamically stable than aromatic moieties. Herein, we report the stabilization of two classical antiaromatic frameworks, cyclobutadiene and pentalene, by introducing one metal fragment through the first [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of a late-transition-metal carbyne with alkynes. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations reveal that the metal fragment decreases the antiaromaticity in cyclobutadiene and pentalene simultaneously, leading to air- and moisture-stable products. These molecules show broad absorption from the UV to the near-IR region, resulting in photoacoustic and photothermal effects for metalla-aromatic compounds for the first time. These results will encourage further efforts into the exploration of organometallic compounds for photoacoustic-imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Ming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Caixia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 (China)
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Lina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 (China)
| | - Tingbin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm.
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China) http://junzhu.chem8.org/ http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/hpxia/index.htm.
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30
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Zhu C, Yang Y, Luo M, Yang C, Wu J, Chen L, Liu G, Wen T, Zhu J, Xia H. Stabilizing Two Classical Antiaromatic Frameworks: Demonstration of Photoacoustic Imaging and the Photothermal Effect in Metalla-aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Dumitrescu D, Legrand YM, Petit E, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Adaptive binding and selection of compressed 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes via molecular encapsulation in water. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2079-2086. [PMID: 29142675 PMCID: PMC5654369 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guest molecules confined inside hollow molecular assemblies and thus protected from their environment can show unexpected structural behavior or special reactivity compared to their behavior in a bulk, unprotected environment. A special case is the coiling behavior of variable-length alkane chains in rigid hydrogen-bonded molecular cages. It has been found before that coiling may occur in such circumstances, but no experimental evidence concerning the exact conformation of the chains has yet been presented. We reveal in this study the self-assembly of a molecular cage in water and the crystalline state from three distinct components in which linear 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes chains are confined with different degrees of compression. The exact coiling behavior is determined from atomic resolution X-ray diffraction showing crenel-like conformations in the compressed state. Chemical selection can be obtained from mixtures of alkane chains via the encapsulation of kinetically stable conformations observed during the encapsulation of pure components. Moreover, it was found that uncompressed and compressed chains can be competitively trapped inside the capsule. These findings may provide insight in areas to a better understanding of biological processes, such as the fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dumitrescu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group , Institut Européen des Membranes , ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635 , Pl. Eugène Bataillon , CC 047 , 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5 , France .
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group , Institut Européen des Membranes , ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635 , Pl. Eugène Bataillon , CC 047 , 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5 , France .
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group , Institut Européen des Membranes , ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635 , Pl. Eugène Bataillon , CC 047 , 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5 , France .
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group , Institut Européen des Membranes , ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635 , Pl. Eugène Bataillon , CC 047 , 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5 , France .
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group , Institut Européen des Membranes , ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635 , Pl. Eugène Bataillon , CC 047 , 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5 , France .
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Murphy LJ, Robertson KN, Kemp RA, Tuononen HM, Clyburne JAC. Structurally simple complexes of CO2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3942-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of structurally characterized adducts of CO2are discussed in this review, from the strongly bound, charge assisted carbamate complexes through the weaker halide and pseudo-halide complexes to the weakest possible inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Murphy
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
| | - Katherine N. Robertson
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
| | - Richard A. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
| | | | - Jason A. C. Clyburne
- The Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Mary's University
- Halifax
- Canada
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33
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Ramadhar TR, Zheng SL, Chen YS, Clardy J. Analysis of rapidly synthesized guest-filled porous complexes with synchrotron radiation: practical guidelines for the crystalline sponge method. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2015; 71:46-58. [PMID: 25537388 PMCID: PMC4283468 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314019573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A detailed set of synthetic and crystallographic guidelines for the crystalline sponge method based upon the analysis of expediently synthesized crystal sponges using third-generation synchrotron radiation are reported. The procedure for the synthesis of the zinc-based metal-organic framework used in initial crystal sponge reports has been modified to yield competent crystals in 3 days instead of 2 weeks. These crystal sponges were tested on some small molecules, with two being unexpectedly difficult cases for analysis with in-house diffractometers in regard to data quality and proper space-group determination. These issues were easily resolved by the use of synchrotron radiation using data-collection times of less than an hour. One of these guests induced a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation to create a larger unit cell with over 500 non-H atoms in the asymmetric unit. This led to a non-trivial refinement scenario that afforded the best Flack x absolute stereochemical determination parameter to date for these systems. The structures did not require the use of PLATON/SQUEEZE or other solvent-masking programs, and are the highest-quality crystalline sponge systems reported to date where the results are strongly supported by the data. A set of guidelines for the entire crystallographic process were developed through these studies. In particular, the refinement guidelines include strategies to refine the host framework, locate guests and determine occupancies, discussion of the proper use of geometric and anisotropic displacement parameter restraints and constraints, and whether to perform solvent squeezing/masking. The single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation process for the crystal sponges is also discussed. The presented general guidelines will be invaluable for researchers interested in using the crystalline sponge method at in-house diffraction or synchrotron facilities, will facilitate the collection and analysis of reliable high-quality data, and will allow construction of chemically and physically sensible models for guest structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Ramadhar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Shao Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Yu Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago c/o Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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34
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Capturing snapshots of post-synthetic metallation chemistry in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Chem 2014; 6:906-12. [PMID: 25242486 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-synthetic metallation is employed strategically to imbue metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with enhanced performance characteristics. However, obtaining precise structural information for metal-centred reactions that take place within the pores of these materials has remained an elusive goal, because of issues with high symmetry in certain MOFs, lower initial crystallinity for some chemically robust MOFs, and the reduction in crystallinity that can result from carrying out post-synthetic reactions on parent crystals. Here, we report a new three-dimensional MOF possessing pore cavities that are lined with vacant di-pyrazole groups poised for post-synthetic metallation. These metallations occur quantitatively without appreciable loss of crystallinity, thereby enabling examination of the products by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To illustrate the potential of this platform to garner fundamental insight into metal-catalysed reactions in porous solids we use single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to structurally elucidate the reaction products of consecutive oxidative addition and methyl migration steps that occur within the pores of the Rh-metallated MOF, 1·[Rh(CO)2][Rh(CO)2Cl2].
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35
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Rosenberg M, Dahlstrand C, Kilså K, Ottosson H. Excited State Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity: Opportunities for Photophysical and Photochemical Rationalizations. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5379-425. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300471v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian Dahlstrand
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristine Kilså
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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36
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Dumitrescu D, Legrand YM, Petit E, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Progressive compression of 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes inside a rigid crystalline molecular cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14086-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The compression of alkanes inside molecular capsules previously predicted by modelling and confirmed by spectroscopic studies is supported by the crystal structures of confined 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dumitrescu
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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37
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Xu H, Saebo S, Pittman CU. The potential energy surface of singlet cyclobutadiene and substituted analogs: a coupled-cluster study. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Zhang SH, Xi HW, Lim KH, So CW. An Extensive n, π, σ-Electron Delocalized Si4Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Rusu BG, Cunin F, Barboiu M. Real-Time Optical Detection of Stabilized Artificial G-Quadruplexes Under Confined Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Rusu BG, Cunin F, Barboiu M. Real-time optical detection of stabilized artificial G-quadruplexes under confined conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12597-601. [PMID: 24115752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan George Rusu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM-UMII-UMR-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon CC047, 34095 Montpellier (France); Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Physics, Bd. Carol I no.11, 700506 (Iasi Romania); Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/Université de Montpellier II, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier (France)
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41
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Zhang SH, Xi HW, Lim KH, So CW. An Extensive n, π, σ-Electron Delocalized Si4Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12364-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Marin L, Harabagiu V, Lee AVD, Arvinte A, Barboiu M. Structure-directed functional properties of symmetrical and unsymmetrical Br-substituted Schiff-bases. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Insights into Magnetically Induced Current Pathways and Optical Properties of Isophlorins. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9062-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404828n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 43a Lenin
Avenue, Building 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for
Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Mullinax JW, Hollman DS, Schaefer HF. Tetragermacyclobutadiene: energetically disfavored with respect to its structural isomers. Chemistry 2013; 19:7487-95. [PMID: 23576110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Germanium has been a central feature in the renaissance of main-group inorganic chemistry. Herein, we present the stationary-point geometries of tetragermacyclobutadiene and its related isomers on the singlet potential energy surface at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory. Three of these 12 structures are reported for the first time and one of them is predicted to lie only 0.4 kcal mol(-1) above the previously reported global minimum. Focal-point analyses has provided electronic energies at the CCSD(T) level of theory, which are extrapolated to the complete basis-set limit and demonstrate the convergence behavior of the electronic energies with improving levels of theory and increasing basis-set size. The lowest-energy structure is the bicyclic structure, which lies 35 kcal mol(-1) below the "all-Ge" cyclobutadiene structure. The reaction energies for the association of known Ge hydrides (e.g., digermene) to form Ge4H4 indicate that Ge4H4 could be observed experimentally. We investigate the bonding patterns by examining the frontier molecular orbitals. Our results demonstrate that: 1) the cyclic isomers of (GeH)4 distort to maximize the mixing of the p orbitals that are involved in the π system of tetragermacyclobutadiene and 2) the lowest-energy isomers exhibit unusual bonding arrangements (e.g., bridging H bonds) that maximize the nonbonding electron density at the Ge centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wayne Mullinax
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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45
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Lin JM, Yang M, Qiu YX, Chen WB, Yan H, Gao FX, OuYang ZJ, Dong W, Kuang TC. Synthesis, Structure, and Halo-, Photo-, and Thermochromism Properties of 5-Azotriazolyl Salicylic Acid and Its CdIIComplex. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Legrand YM, Dumitrescu D, Gilles A, Petit E, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Reply to A computational evaluation of the evidence for the synthesis of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene in solid state and aqueous solution--beyond the experimental reality. Chemistry 2013; 19:4938-41. [PMID: 23504859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Following earlier reports on the photochemical synthesis of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene in a protective host matrix, theoretical calculations for the formation of that adduct have been recently performed by Rzepa. The author formulated criticisms based mainly on density functional theory calculations of (1)H NMR spectra. According to Rzepa the calculated spectra do not correspond with our measured spectra, which leads him to the conclusion that our interpretation is wrong, and that mainly cyclobutadiene has not been stabilized or even synthesized; we believe, however, that the initial model that Rzepa used for his calculations does not correspond to chemical reality or is at the very least a crude simplification of it, which implies that his calculations cannot match, in every point, our experimental spectra. Rzepa's simplified models might be 'reasonable' from the theoretical point of view; however, in the case of assessment in the solid state, the theoretical setup does not force the system to preserve the confined stabilizing space defined by the crystalline matrix for encapsulated hosts in the solid state. Inversely, in the case of solution modeling, the theoretical setup is too rigid to properly assess the complex equilibria occurring in solution and to accurately determine the NMR spectra of exchanging species in solution. The inconsistency between our experimental results and the results of the theoretical models proposed by Rzepa is such that his conclusions are considered to be too far from experimental reality. Accurate modeling taking in account "reasonable" experimental details would be a worthwhile endeavor.
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47
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Legrand YM, Dumitrescu D, Gilles A, Petit E, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. A constrained disorder refinement: "Reinvestigation of "Single-crystal X-ray structure of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene" by M. Shatruk and I. V. Alabugin". Chemistry 2013; 19:4946-50. [PMID: 23504770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Shatruk and Alabugin propose an alternative structural model for the observed electron density that we have attributed to the photochemical formation of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene in a protective solid crystalline matrix. The main criticism from Shatruk and Alabugin concerns the modeling of the disorder in the calixarene cavity and in particular the neglect of a residual electron density close to the O1 atom. We published (Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 10021) our opinion concerning this "ignored peak" in the Supporting Information of the paper. The current response to the Correspondence demonstrates that Shatruk and Alabugin have over-modeled our data by assigning a small electron density peak, which is hardly more than the density corresponding to a hydrogen atom, to an under-occupied oxygen site, using inappropriate refinement contraints.
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48
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Shatruk M, Alabugin IV. Reinvestigation of "Single-crystal X-ray structure of 1,3-dimethylcyclobutadiene". Chemistry 2013; 19:4942-5. [PMID: 23504714 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Rzepa HS. A Computational Evaluation of the Evidence for the Synthesis of 1,3-Dimethylcyclobutadiene in the Solid State and Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2013; 19:4932-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Shaik S, Rzepa HS, Hoffmann R. One molecule, two atoms, three views, four bonds? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3020-33. [PMID: 23362052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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