1
|
Zhang Y, Levin N, Kang L, Müller F, Zobel M, DeBeer S, Leitner W, Bordet A. Design and Understanding of Adaptive Hydrogenation Catalysts Triggered by the H 2/CO 2-Formic Acid Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39322628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
An adaptive catalytic system for selective hydrogenation was developed exploiting the H2 + CO2 ⇔ HCOOH equilibrium for reversible, rapid, and robust on/off switch of the ketone hydrogenation activity of ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs). The catalyst design was based on mechanistic studies and DFT calculations demonstrating that adsorption of formic acid to Ru NPs on silica results in surface formate species that prevent C═O hydrogenation. Ru NPs were immobilized on readily accessible silica supports modified with guanidinium-based ionic liquid phases (Ru@SILPGB) to generate in situ sufficient amounts of HCOOH when CO2 was introduced into the H2 feed gas for switching off ketone hydrogenation while maintaining the activity for hydrogenation of olefinic and aromatic C═C bonds. Upon shutting down the CO2 supply, the C═O hydrogenation activity was restored in real time due to the rapid decarboxylation of the surface formate species without the need for any changes in the reaction conditions. Thus, the newly developed Ru@SILPGB catalysts allow controlled and alternating production of either saturated alcohols or ketones from unsaturated substrates depending on the use of H2 or H2/CO2 as feed gas. The major prerequisite for design of adaptive catalytic systems based on CO2 as trigger is the ability to shift the H2 + CO2 ⇔ HCOOH equilibrium sufficiently to exploit competing adsorption of surface formate and targeted functional groups. Thus, the concept can be expected to be more generally applicable beyond ruthenium as the active metal, paving the way for next-generation adaptive catalytic systems in hydrogenation reactions more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Natalia Levin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexis Bordet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar Sharma A, Som S, Chopra D, Srivastava A. Modulating Helix-Preference of an Axially-Twisted Molecular Scaffold Through Diastereomeric Salt Formation with Tartaric Acid Stereoisomers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401956. [PMID: 38880769 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we designed a chiral, axially-twisted molecular scaffold (ATMS) using pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (PDC) unit as pivot, chiral trans-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) residues as linkers, and pyrene residues as fluorescent reporters. R,R-ATMS exclusively adopted M-helicity and produced differential response in UV-vis, fluorescence, and NMR upon addition of tartaric acid (TA) stereoisomers allowing naked-eye detection and enantiomeric content determination. Circular dichroism (CD) profile of R,R-ATMS underwent unique changes during titration with TA stereoisomers - while loss of CD signal at 345 nm was observed with equimolar D-TA and meso-TA, inversion was seen with equimolar L-TA. Temperature increase weakened these interactions to partially recover the original CD signature of R,R-ATMS. 2D NMR studies also indicated the significant structural changes in R,R-ATMS in the solution state upon addition of L-TA. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies on the crystals of the R,R-ATMS⊃D-TA salt revealed the interacting partners stacked in arrays and ATMS molecules stabilized by π-π stacking between its PDC and pyrene residues. Contrastingly, tightly-packed supramolecular cages comprised of four molecules each of R,R-ATMS and L-TA were seen in R,R-ATMS⊃L-TA salt, and the ATMS molecules contorted to achieve CH-π interactions between its pyrene residues. These results may have implications in modulating the helicity of topologically-similar larger biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Shubham Som
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhopal Bypass Road, 462066, Bhauri, Bhopal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DiNardi RG, Rasheed S, Capomolla SS, Chak MH, Middleton IA, Macreadie LK, Violi JP, Donald WA, Lusby PJ, Beves JE. Photoswitchable Catalysis by a Self-Assembled Molecular Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21196-21202. [PMID: 39051845 PMCID: PMC11311219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A heteroleptic [Pd2L2L'2]4+ coordination cage containing a photoswitchable azobenzene-derived ligand catalyzes the Michael addition reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and benzoyl nitromethane within its cavity. The corresponding homoleptic cages are catalytically inactive. The heteroleptic cage can be reversibly disassembled and reassembled using 530 and 405 nm light, respectively, allowing catalysis within the cage to be switched OFF and ON at will.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray G. DiNardi
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Samina Rasheed
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Man Him Chak
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Isis A. Middleton
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jake P. Violi
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Jonathon E. Beves
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sheng J, Danowski W, Sardjan AS, Hou J, Crespi S, Ryabchun A, Domínguez MP, Jan Buma W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Formylation boosts the performance of light-driven overcrowded alkene-derived rotary molecular motors. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1330-1338. [PMID: 38671301 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors and machines constitute a critical element in the transition from individual molecular motion to the creation of collective dynamic molecular systems and responsive materials. The design of artificial light-driven molecular motors operating with high efficiency and selectivity constitutes an ongoing fundamental challenge. Here we present a highly versatile synthetic approach based on Rieche formylation that boosts the quantum yield of the forward photoisomerization reaction while reaching near-perfect selectivity in the steps involved in the unidirectional rotary cycle and drastically reducing competing photoreactions. This motor is readily accessible in its enantiopure form and operates with nearly quantitative photoconversions. It can easily be functionalized further and outperforms its direct predecessor as a reconfigurable chiral dopant in cholesteric liquid crystal materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Vliet S, Sheng J, Stindt CN, Feringa BL. All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6461. [PMID: 39085193 PMCID: PMC11291758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-driven rotary molecular motors are among the most promising classes of responsive molecular machines and take advantage of their intrinsic chirality which governs unidirectional rotation. As a consequence of their dynamic function, they receive considerable interest in the areas of supramolecular chemistry, asymmetric catalysis and responsive materials. Among the emerging classes of responsive photochromic molecules, multistate first-generation molecular motors driven by benign visible light remain unexplored, which limits the exploitation of the full potential of these mechanical light-powered systems. Herein, we describe a series of all-visible-light-driven first-generation molecular motors based on the salicylidene Schiff base functionality. Remarkable redshifts up to 100 nm in absorption are achieved compared to conventional first-generation motor structures. Taking advantage of all-visible-light-driven multistate motor scaffolds, adaptive behaviour is found as well, and potential application in multistate photoluminescence is demonstrated. These functional visible-light-responsive motors will likely stimulate the design and synthesis of more sophisticated nanomachinery with a myriad of future applications in powering dynamic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven van Vliet
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peelikuburage BGD, Martens WN, Waclawik ER. Light switching for product selectivity control in photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10168-10207. [PMID: 38722105 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Artificial switchable catalysis is a new, rapidly expanding field that offers great potential advantages for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Light irradiation is widely accepted as the best stimulus to artificial switchable chemical systems. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis and application of photo-switchable catalysts that can control when and where bond formation and dissociation take place in reactant molecules. Photo-switchable catalysis is a niche area in current catalysis, on which systematic analysis and reviews are still lacking in the scientific literature, yet it offers many intriguing and versatile applications, particularly in organic synthesis. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in photo-switchable catalyst systems that can result in two different chemical product outcomes and thus achieve a degree of control over organic synthetic reactions. Furthermore, this review evaluates different approaches that have been employed to achieve dynamic control over both the catalytic function and the selectivity of several different types of synthesis reactions, along with the remaining challenges and potential opportunities. Owing to the great diversity of the types of reactions and conditions adopted, a quantitative comparison of efficiencies between considered systems is not the focus of this review, instead the review showcases how insights from successful adopted strategies can help better harness and channel the power of photoswitchability in this new and promising area of catalysis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayan G D Peelikuburage
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Wayde N Martens
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Eric R Waclawik
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Lv X, Mu X, Zhao M, Wang S, Ke C, Ding S, Zhou D, Wang M, Zeng R. In-situ noncovalent interaction of ammonium ion enabled C-H bond functionalization of polyethylene glycols. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4445. [PMID: 38789453 PMCID: PMC11126569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The noncovalent interactions of ammonium ion with multidentate oxygen-based host has never been reported as a reacting center in catalytic reactions. In this work, we report a reactivity enhancement process enabled by non-covalent interaction of ammonium ion, achieving the C-H functionalization of polyethylene glycols with acrylates by utilizing photoinduced co-catalysis of iridium and quinuclidine. A broad scope of alkenes can be tolerated without observing significant degradation. Moreover, this cyano-free condition respectively allows the incorporation of bioactive molecules and the PEGylation of dithiothreitol-treated bovine serum albumin, showing great potentials in drug delivery and protein modification. DFT calculations disclose that the formed α-carbon radical adjacent to oxygen-atom is reduced directly by iridium before acrylate addition. And preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal that the noncovalent interaction of PEG chain with the formed quinuclidinium species plays a unique role as a catalytic site by facilitating the proton transfer and ultimately enabling the transformation efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongnan Zhang
- School of Chemistry & School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Chemistry & School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Sichang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Congyu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- School of Chemistry & School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- School of Chemistry & School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry & School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Long G, Deng Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photoresponsive Biomimetic Functions by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Three Dimensionally Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13894-13902. [PMID: 38728606 PMCID: PMC11117400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fascinating developments in design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines operating at the nanoscales, translating molecular motion along multiple length scales and inducing mechanical motion of a three-dimensional macroscopic entity remains an important challenge. The key to addressing this amplification of motion relies on the effective organization of molecular machines in a well-defined environment. By taking advantage of long-range orientational order and hierarchical structures of liquid crystals and unidirectional rotation of light-driven molecular motors, we report here photoresponsive biomimetic functions of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) by the repetitive unidirectional rotation of molecular motors using 3D printing. Molecular motors were built in the main chain of liquid crystals oligomers to serve as photoactuators. The oligomers were then used as the ink, and liquid crystal elastomers with different morphologies were printed. The obtained LCEs are able to conduct multiple types of motions including bending, helical coiling, closing of petals, and flipping of wings of a butterfly upon UV illumination, which paves the way for future design of responsive materials with enhanced complex actuating functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen K, Liu Y, Wang Z, Hu S, Zhao Y, Wang W, Liu G, Wang Z, Jiang W. Longitudinal Extension of Double π-Helix Enables Near-Infrared Amplified Dissymmetry and Chiroptical Response. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13499-13508. [PMID: 38696816 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) circularly polarized light absorbing or emitting holds great promise for highly sensitive and precise bioimaging, biosensing, and photodetectors. Aiming at designing NIR chiral molecular systems with amplified dissymmetry and robust chiroptical response, herein, we present a series of double π-helical dimers with longitudinally extended π-entwined substructures via Ullmann or Yamamoto homocoupling reactions. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra revealed an approximate linear bathochromic shift with the rising number of naphthalene subunits, indicating a red to NIR chiroptical response. Particularly, the terrylene diimide-entwined dimers exhibited the strongest CD intensities, with the maximal |Δε| reaching up to 393 M-1 cm-1 at 666 nm for th-TDI[2]; and a record-high chiroptical response (|ΔΔε|) between the neutral and dianionic species of 520 M-1 cm-1 at 833 nm for th-TDI[2]Cl was achieved upon further reduction to its dianionic state. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations suggested that the pronounced intensification of the CD spectra originated from a simultaneous enhancement of both electric (μ) and magnetic (m) transition dipole moments, ultimately leading to an overall increase in the rotatory strength (R). Notably, the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) brightness (BCPL) reached 77 M-1 cm-1 for th-TDI[2]Cl, among the highest values reported for NIR-CPL emitters. Furthermore, all chiral dianions exhibited excellent air stability under ambient conditions with half-life times of up to 10 days in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), which is significant for future biological applications and chiroptic switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shunlong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yilun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rölz M, Butschke B, Breit B. Azobenzene-Integrated NHC Ligands: A Versatile Platform for Visible-Light-Switchable Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13210-13225. [PMID: 38709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitchable NHC ligands, named azImBA, has been developed by integrating azobenzene into a previously unreported imidazobenzoxazol-1-ylidene framework. These rigid photochromic carbenes enable precise control over confinement around a metal's coordination sphere. As a model system, gold(I) complexes of these NHCs exhibit efficient bidirectional E-Z isomerization under visible light, offering a versatile platform for reversibly photomodulating the reactivity of organogold species. Comprehensive kinetic studies of the protodeauration reaction reveal rate differences of up to 2 orders of magnitude between the E and Z isomers of the NHCs, resulting in a quasi-complete visible-light-gated ON/OFF switchable system. Such a high level of photomodulation efficiency is unprecedented for gold complexes, challenging the current state-of-the-art in photoswitchable organometallics. Thorough investigations into the ligand properties paired with structure-reactivity correlations underscored the unique ligand's steric features as a key factor for reactivity. This effective photocontrol strategy was further validated in gold(I) catalysis, enabling in situ photoswitching of catalytic activity in the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and -amination of alkynes. Given the significance of these findings and its potential as a widely applicable, easily customizable photoswitchable ancillary ligand platform, azImBA is poised to stimulate the development of adaptive, multifunctional metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rölz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen R, Hammoud A, Aoun P, Martínez-Aguirre MA, Vanthuyne N, Maruchenko R, Brocorens P, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Switchable supramolecular helices for asymmetric stereodivergent catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4116. [PMID: 38750046 PMCID: PMC11096402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent developments on the design of dynamic catalysts, none of them have been exploited for the in-situ control of multiple stereogenic centers in a single molecular scaffold. We report herein that it is possible to obtain in majority any amongst the four possible stereoisomers of an amino alcohol by means of a switchable asymmetric catalyst built on supramolecular helices. Hydrogen-bonded assemblies between a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) achiral phosphine ligand coordinated to copper and a chiral BTA comonomer are engaged in a copper-hydride catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroamination cascade process. The nature of the product stereoisomer is related to the handedness of the helices and can thus be directed in a predictable way by changing the nature of the major enantiomer of the BTA comonomer present in the assemblies. The strategy allows all stereoisomers to be obtained one-pot with similar selectivities by conducting the cascade reaction in a concomitant manner, i.e. without inverting the handedness of the helices, or sequentially, i.e. by switching the handedness of the supramolecular helices between the hydrosilylation and hydroamination steps. Supramolecular helical catalysts appear as a unique and versatile platform to control the configuration of molecules or polymers embedding several stereogenic centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paméla Aoun
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mayte A Martínez-Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Régina Maruchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, 20B-7000, 20 B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gisbert Y, Fellert M, Stindt CN, Gerstner A, Feringa BL. Molecular Motors' Magic Methyl and Its Pivotal Influence on Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12609-12619. [PMID: 38656891 PMCID: PMC11082891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors have found a wide range of applications, powering a transition from molecules to dynamic molecular systems for which their motion must be precisely tuned. To achieve this adjustment, strategies involving laborious changes in their design are often used. Herein, we show that control over a single methyl group allows a drastic change in rotational properties. In this regard, we present the straightforward asymmetric synthesis of β-methylated first-generation overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Both enantiomers of the new motors were prepared in good yields and high enantiopurities, and these motors were thoroughly studied by variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, showing a crucial influence of the methylation pattern on the rotational behavior of the motors. Starting from a common chiral precursor, we demonstrate that subsequent methylation can drastically reduce the speed of the motor and reverse the direction of the rotation. We show for the first time that complete unidirectionality can be achieved even when the energy difference between the stable and metastable states is small, resulting in the coexistence of both states under ambient conditions without hampering the energy ratcheting process. This discovery opens the way for the design of more advanced first-generation motors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gerstner
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Gu J, Zou JY, Zhang MJ, Shen R, Ye Z, Xu PX, He Y. Photocatalytic Z/E isomerization unlocking the stereodivergent construction of axially chiral alkene frameworks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3254. [PMID: 38627395 PMCID: PMC11021481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The past century has witnessed a large number of reports on the Z/E isomerization of alkenes. However, the vast majority of them are still limited to the isomerization of di- and tri-substituted alkenes. The stereospecific Z/E isomerization of tetrasubstituted alkenes remains to be an underdeveloped area, thus lacking in a stereodivergent synthesis of axially chiral alkenes. Herein we report the atroposelective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkene analogues by asymmetric allylic substitution-isomerization, followed by their Z/E isomerization via triplet energy transfer photocatalysis. In this regard, the stereodivergent synthesis of axially chiral N-vinylquinolinones is achieved efficiently. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radical generation and distribution are two key factors for preserving the enantioselectivities of axially chiral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ping-Xun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu H, Ye H, You L. Photoswitchable Cascades for Allosteric and Bidirectional Control over Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38620077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies of complex systems and emerging properties to mimic biosystems are at the forefront of chemical research. Dynamic multistep cascades, especially those exhibiting allosteric regulation, are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile platform of photoswitchable covalent cascades toward remote and bidirectional control of reversible covalent bonds and ensuing assemblies. The relay of a photochromic switch, keto-enol equilibrium, and ring-chain equilibrium allows light-mediated reversible allosteric structural changes. The accompanying distinct reactivity further enables photoswitchable dynamic covalent bonding and release of substrates bidirectionally through alternating two wavelengths of light, essentially realizing light-mediated signaling cycles. The downfall of energy by covalent bond formation/scission upon photochemical reactions offers the driving force for the controlled direction of the cascade. To show the molecular diversity, photoswitchable on-demand assembly/disassembly of covalent polymers, including structurally reconfigurable polymers, was realized. This work achieves photoswitchable allosteric regulation of covalent architectures within dynamic multistep cascades, which has rarely been reported before. The results resemble allosteric control within biological signaling networks and should set the stage for many endeavors, such as dynamic assemblies, molecular motors, responsive polymers, and intelligent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Y, Long G, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38429259 PMCID: PMC10907585 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale. A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales, such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale, or in a more practical perspective, how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic material. Light-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation, which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic systems. With several reviews that focus on the design, synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale, photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively summarized. In the present review, we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on surfaces. Secondly, examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are illustrated. Moreover, we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive functions. Finally, a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is given. This review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented, which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Msellem P, Dekthiarenko M, Hadj Seyd N, Vives G. Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:504-539. [PMID: 38440175 PMCID: PMC10910529 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable molecular tweezers are a unique class of molecular switches that, like their macroscopic analogs, exhibit mechanical motion between an open and closed conformation in response to stimuli. Such systems constitute an essential component of artificial molecular machines. This review will present selected examples of switchable molecular tweezers and their potential applications. The first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Msellem
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maksym Dekthiarenko
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Hadj Seyd
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao HY, Liu GL, Xu Q, Pei YR, Jin LY. Chirality-induced supramolecular nanodishes: enantioselectivity and energy transfer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1884-1891. [PMID: 38321960 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is one of the most important issues of fabricating materials with precise chiral nanostructures. Herein, we constructed a chiral assembly system from amphiphiles containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic chiral coils bonded to hexabiphenyl, exhibiting controllable enantioselectivity over various aggregation behaviors. The chiral coils aroused various steric hindrances affecting intrinsic stacking tendency and compactness, leading to different aggregating behaviors, as concluded from the self-assembly investigation. The strong π-π stacking interaction between the long hexabiphenyl groups gave rise to a relatively compact arrangement in the aqueous solution, whereas the methyl side groups on the coil segments raised steric hindrance at the rigid-flexible interface, resulting in loose stacking and formation of nanostructures with a larger curvature. Compared with the achiral molecule 1 that formed micron-sized large sheets, molecules 2-4 containing chiral coils aggregated into nanodishes, which looked exactly like mosquito-repellent incense, to overcome surface tension. The helical structures effectively amplified chirality and exhibited strong circular dichroism (CD) signals, which indicate enantioselectivity. In addition, the relatively loose packing behavior permitted their co-assembly with a dye and aided efficient energy transfer, providing a foundation for the chiral application of supramolecules. Thus, by introducing a simple methyl side group in amphiphilic molecules, asymmetric synthesis and energy transfer efficiency can be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui-Lang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang S, Ye X, Yang Z, Li A, Sheng X, Wang Q, Jia C. Guest-Facilitated Heteroleptic Assembly of Helical Anionocages Enables Reversible Chirality Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319552. [PMID: 38179815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel strategy for reversible modulation of the supramolecular chirality based on guest-facilitated heteroleptic assembly of helical anionocages. Two triple-stranded helical anionocages including a chiral cage 1 (A2 L1 3 ) and a crown ether functionalized achiral cage 2 (A2 L2 3 ) were synthesized by anion coordination of bis-monourea-based ligands and PhPO3 2- . Both cages exhibited favorable binding with tetraethylammonium TEA+ and cobaltocenium Cob+ (endo-guest, bound in the cavity). Additionally, cage 2 could reversibly release and recapture the guests through binding the exo-guest potassium ions (K+ ) in the crown ethers and subsequent removal of the K+ by [2,2,2]-cryptand. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of cage 1 was not significantly affected by guest encapsulation or mixing with the "empty" cage 2. However, in the presence of both cage 2 and an endo-guest/exo-guest, the Cotton effects were reversed at 391 nm and significantly enhanced at 310 nm. This observation was attributed to the guest-facilitated formation of heteroleptic cages that enabled effective chirality transfer from the chiral to the achiral ligands. The CD changes induced by K+ could be fully reversed by removing it with [2,2,2]-cryptand. Sequential addition and removal of K+ allowed reversible modulation of the chirality for at least 10 cycles without significant attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Zaiwen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinsong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuandong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miton L, Antonetti É, García-López D, Nava P, Robert V, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Martinez A, Cotelle Y. A Cyclotriveratrylene Solvent-Dependent Chiral Switch. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303294. [PMID: 37955588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecular switches are attracting attention as they could pave the way to chiral molecular machines. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a single molecule chiral switch based on a cyclotriveratrylene scaffold, in which the chirality inversion is controlled by the solvent. Hemicryptophanes are built around a C3 cyclotriveratrylene chiral unit, with either M or P handedness, connected to another tripod and usually displaying an "out" configuration. Here, we demonstrate that solvents are able to control the "in" and "out" configurations of the CTV unit, creating a chiral molecular switch from (M/P)"in" to (P/M)"out" handedness. The full characterization of the "in" and "out" configurations and of the chirality switch were made possible by combining NMR, HPLC, ECD, DFT and molecular dynamics. Interestingly, bulky aromatic solvents such as 2-t-butylphenol favor the "in" configuration while polar aprotic solvents such as acetone favor the "out" configuration. This chiral switch was found to be fully reversible allowing the system to oscillate between two different M and P configurations several times upon the action of solvents stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Miton
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Élise Antonetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Diego García-López
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Cotelle
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao H, Wijerathna AMSD, Dong Q, Bai Q, Jiang Z, Yuan J, Wang J, Chen M, Zirnheld M, Li R, Liu D, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li Y. Adjusting the Architecture of Heptagonal Metallo-Macrocycles by Embedding Metal Nodes into the Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318029. [PMID: 38087428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly has been extensively employed for the bottom-up construction of discrete metallo-macrocycles. However, the prevalent use of benzene rings as the backbone limits the formation of large metallo-macrocycles with more than six edges. Herein, by embedding metal nodes into the ligand backbone, we successfully regulated the ligand arm angle and assembled two giant heptagonal metallo-macrocycles with precise control. The angle between two arms at position 4 of the central terpyridine (tpy) extended after complexation with metal ions, leading to ring expansion of the metallo-macrocycle. The assembled structures were straightforwardly identified through multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1 H, COSY, NOESY), multidimensional mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS and TWIM-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In addition, the catalytic performances of metallo-macrocycles in the oxidation of thioanisole were studied, with both supramolecules exhibiting good conversion rates. Furthermore, fiber-like nanostructures were observed from single-molecule heptagons by hierarchical self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | | | - Qiangqiang Dong
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Markus Zirnheld
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Rockwell Li
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Die Liu
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bao ST, Louie S, Jiang H, Jiang Q, Sun S, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Jin Z. Near-Infrared, Organic Chiroptic Switch with High Dissymmetry Factors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:51-56. [PMID: 38110244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we unveil a chiral molecular redox switch derived from PDI-based twistacenes─chPDI[2] that has the remarkable attributes of high-intensity and a broadband chiral response. This material exhibits facile, stable, and reversible multistate chiroptical switching behavior over a broad active wavelength range close to 700 nm, encompassing ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. Upon reduction, chPDI[2] exhibits a substantial increase in the amplitude of its circular dichroic response, with an outstanding |ΔΔε| > 300 M-1 cm-1 and a high dissymmetry factor of 3 × 10-2 at 960 nm. DFT calculations suggest that the long wavelength CD signal for doubly reduced chPDI[2] originates from excitation of the PDI backbone to the π* orbital of the bridging alkene. Importantly, the dimer's molecular contortion facilitates ionic diffusion, enabling chiral switching in solid state films. The high dissymmetry factors and near-infrared response establish chPDI[2] as a unique chiroptic switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shayan Louie
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shantao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zexin Jin
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh H, Chenna A, Gangwar U, Dutta S, Kurur ND, Goel G, Haridas V. Bispidine as a promising scaffold for designing molecular machines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9054-9060. [PMID: 37937510 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of artificial molecular machines is a challenging endeavor. Herein, we have synthesized a series of bispidine diamides D1-D6 that exhibit rotation reminiscent of a motor motion. Dynamic NMR, X-ray diffraction, quantum mechanical calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into their rotational dynamics. All the diamides D1-D6 exhibited mutually independent rotation around the two bispidine arms. However, the rate of rotation and the presence or absence of directionality in amide bond rotation were found to depend on the solvent, temperature, and nature of substitution on the amide carbonyl. These engineered systems may aid in the development of biologically relevant synthetic molecular motors. Studies on homochiral and heterochiral bispidine-peptides revealed that the direction of rotation can be controlled by chirality and the nature of the amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Akshay Chenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Upanshu Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Souvik Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Narayanan D Kurur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Gaurav Goel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Benny R, De S. Interplay between anti- anti and syn- anti conformations of thiourea modulating ON-OFF catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16767-16772. [PMID: 37902552 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and operation of a readily accessible two-state switch are demonstrated. The switch initially exists in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded self-locked state, as evidenced by the solution-state NMR and solid-state structure. The switch can be reversibly altered between anti-anti and syn-anti conformations by adding and removing Cu+ ions, as evidenced by the NMR and crystallographic study. The anti-anti form was found to be catalytically active in the Michael addition reaction, whereas the syn-anti form was catalytically inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maeda A, Tokumoto JY, Kojima S, Fujimori K, Moriuchi-Kawakami T, Hirahara M. Binding of Stimuli-Responsive Ruthenium Aqua Complexes with 9-Ethylguanine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37391-37401. [PMID: 37841177 PMCID: PMC10569010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive ruthenium complexes proximal- and distal-[Ru(C10tpy)(C10pyqu) OH2]2+ (proximal-1 and distal-1; C10tpy = 4'-decyloxy-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and C10pyqu = 2-[2'-(6'-decyloxy)-pyridyl]quinoline) were experimentally studied for adduct formation with a model DNA base. At 303 K, proximal-1 exhibited 1:1 adduct formation with 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) to yield proximal-[Ru(C10tpy)(C10pyqu)(9-EtG)]2+ (proximal-RuEtG). Rotation of the guanine ligand on the ruthenium center was sterically hindered by the presence of an adjacent quinoline moiety at 303 K. Results from 1H NMR measurements indicated that photoirradiation of a proximal-RuEtG solution caused photoisomerization to distal-RuEtG, whereas heating of proximal-RuEtG caused ligand substitution to proximal-1. The distal isomer of the aqua complex, distal-1, was observed to slowly revert to proximal-1 at 303 K. In the presence of 9-EtG, distal-1 underwent thermal back-isomerization to proximal-1 and adduct formation to distal-RuEtG. Kinetic analysis of 1H NMR measurements showed that adduct formation between proximal-1 and 9-EtG was 8-fold faster than that between distal-1 and 9-EtG. This difference may be attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric repulsion between the aqua ligand and the pendant moiety of the bidentate ligand..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Tokumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Takayo Moriuchi-Kawakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi Ward, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical regulation of macrocyclic arenes with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11469-11483. [PMID: 37691554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on various macrocyclic arenes have received increasing attention due to their straightforward syntheses, convenient derivatization, and unique complexation properties. Represented by pillar[n]arenes, several distinctive macrocyclic arenes have recently emerged with the following characteristics: they possess a pair of enantiomeric planar chiral conformations, and interconversion between these enantiomeric conformations can be achieved through the flipping of ring units. Complexation of a chiral guest with these macrocyclic arenes will lead to a shift of the equilibrium between the Rp and Sp conformers, leading to intriguing possibilities for chiral induction and sensing. By the introduction of bulky substituents on the rims, employing rotaxanation or pseudocatenation, planar chirality could be locked, enabling the enantiomeric separation of the chiral structures. The induced or separated chiral conformers/compounds exhibit significant chiroptical properties. These macrocyclic arenes, with flipping-induced inversion of planar chirality, demonstrated intriguing chiral induction dynamics and kinetics. In this featured review, we systematically summarize the progress in chiroptical induction/regulation of these macrocyclic arenes, particularly in the fields of chiral sensing, molecular machines, molecular recognition, and assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Institution, Sichuan University Chengdu, Chengdu 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu H, Zhang B, Tao Y, Xu W, Hu B, Yan F, Wen J. Ultrafast Photocontrolled Rotation in a Molecular Motor Investigated by Machine Learning-Based Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7682-7693. [PMID: 37672626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermal helix inversion (THI) of the overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors determines the speed of the unidirectional rotation due to the high reaction barrier in the ground state, in comparison with the ultrafast photoreaction process. Recently, a phosphine-based motor has achieved all-photochemical rotation experimentally, promising to be controlled without a thermal step. However, the mechanism of this photochemical reaction has not yet been fully revealed. The comprehensive computational studies on photoisomerization still resort to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations based on electronic structure calculations, which remains a high computational cost for large systems such as molecular motors. Machine learning (ML) has become an accelerating tool in NAMD simulations recently, where excited-state potential energy surfaces (PESs) are constructed analytically with high accuracy, providing an efficient approach for simulations in photochemistry. Herein the reaction pathway is explored by a spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) approach in combination with ML-based NAMD simulations. According to our computational simulations, we notice that one of the key factors of fulfilling all-photochemical rotation in the phosphine-based motor is that the excitation energies of four isomers are similar. Additionally, a shortcut photoinduced transformation between unstable isomers replaces the THI step, which shares the conical intersection (CI) with photoisomerization. In this study, we provide a practical approach to speed up the NAMD simulations in photochemical reactions for a large system that could be extended to other complex systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuanda Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weijia Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei HZ, Wei Y, Shi M. Synthesis and Characterization of Photoswitchable Dithienylethene-Based Chiral Bisoxazoline Compounds with Bidirectional Visible-Light Control. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300633. [PMID: 37584248 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have successfully synthesized dithienylethene-based chiral bisoxazoline ligands with bidirectional photoswitching capabilities under visible light irradiation and proposed a strategy for adjusting the conjugation system length in sensitizer groups. The detailed experimental procedures and the characterization data are presented in the main text and the Supporting Information. Despite their moderate photoswitching rates, these ligands provide a promising approach towards developing fully visible light-responsive chiral catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li S, Zhu H, Li L, Chen W, Jiang J, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Zhang YQ. A Nuclearity-Dependent Enantiodivergent Epoxide Opening via Enthalpy-Controlled Mononuclear and Entropy-Controlled Dinuclear (Salen)Titanium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309525. [PMID: 37489882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A nuclearity-dependent enantiodivergent epoxide opening reaction has been developed, in which both antipodes of chiral alcohol products are selectively accessed by mononuclear (salen)TiIII complex and its self-assembled oxygen-bridged dinuclear counterparts within the same stereogenic ligand scaffold. Kinetic studies based on the Eyring equation revealed an enthalpy-controlled enantio-differentiation mode in mononuclear catalysis, whereas an entropy-controlled one in dinuclear catalysis. DFT calculations outline the origin of the enantiocontrol of the mononuclear catalysis and indicate the actual catalyst species in the dinuclear catalytic system. The mechanistic insights may shed a light on a strategy for stereoswichable asymmetric catalysis utilizing nuclearity-distinct transition-metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wanjiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sheng J, Pooler DRS, Feringa BL. Enlightening dynamic functions in molecular systems by intrinsically chiral light-driven molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5875-5891. [PMID: 37581608 PMCID: PMC10464662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property which plays a major role in chemistry, physics, biological systems and materials science. Chiroptical artificial molecular motors (AMMs) are a class of molecules which can convert light energy input into mechanical work, and they hold great potential in the transformation from simple molecules to dynamic systems and responsive materials. Taking distinct advantages of the intrinsic chirality in these structures and the unique opportunity to modulate the chirality on demand, chiral AMMs have been designed for the development of light-responsive dynamic processes including switchable asymmetric catalysis, chiral self-assembly, stereoselective recognition, transmission of chirality, control of spin selectivity and biosystems as well as integration of unidirectional motion with specific mechanical functions. This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for chirality-led applications by the class of intrinsically chiral AMMs. Finally, some limitations in current design and challenges associated with recent systems are discussed and perspectives towards promising candidates for responsive and smart molecular systems and future applications are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao WB, Li Z, Tong T, Dong X, Qu H, Yang L, Sue ACH, Tian ZQ, Cao XY. Chiral Molecular Cage with Tunable Stereoinversion Barriers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17795-17804. [PMID: 37527407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of chirality in molecular entities that rapidly interconvert between enantiomeric forms is challenging, particularly at the supramolecular level. Advances in controlling such dynamic stereochemical systems offer opportunities to understand chiral symmetry breaking and homochirality. Herein, we report the synthesis of a face-rotating tetrahedron (FRT), an organic molecular cage composed of tridurylborane facial units that undergo stereomutations between enantiomeric trefoil propeller-like conformations. After resolution, we show that the racemization barrier of the enantiopure FRT can be regulated in situ through the reversible binding of fluoride anions onto the tridurylborane moieties. Furthermore, the addition of an enantiopure phenylethanol to the FRT can effectively induce chirality of the molecular cage by preferentially binding to one of its enantiomeric conformers. This study presents a new paradigm for controlling dynamic chirality in supramolecular systems, which may have implications for asymmetric synthesis and dynamic stereochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tianyi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Regen-Pregizer BL, Ozcelik A, Mayer P, Hampel F, Dube H. A photochemical method to evidence directional molecular motions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4595. [PMID: 37524701 PMCID: PMC10390485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light driven synthetic molecular motors represent crucial building blocks for advanced molecular machines and their applications. A standing challenge is the development of very fast molecular motors able to perform rotations with kHz, MHz or even faster frequencies. Central to this challenge is the direct experimental evidence of directionality because analytical methods able to follow very fast motions rarely deliver precise geometrical insights. Here, a general photochemical method for elucidation of directional motions is presented. In a macrocyclization approach the molecular motor rotations are restricted and forced to proceed in two separate ~180° rotation-photoequilibria. Therefore, all four possible photoinduced rotation steps (clockwise and counterclockwise directions) can be quantified. Comparison of the corresponding quantum yields to the unrestricted motor delivers direct evidence for unidirectionality. This method can be used for any ultrafast molecular motor even in cases where no high energy intermediates are present during the rotation cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lukas Regen-Pregizer
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ani Ozcelik
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singhania A, Kalita S, Chettri P, Ghosh S. Accounts of applied molecular rotors and rotary motors: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3177-3208. [PMID: 37325522 PMCID: PMC10262963 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are nanoscale devices capable of performing mechanical works at molecular level. These systems could be a single molecule or a collection of component molecules that interrelate with one another to produce nanomechanical movements and resulting performances. The design of the components of molecular machine with bioinspired traits results in various nanomechanical motions. Some known molecular machines are rotors, motors, nanocars, gears, elevators, and so on based on their nanomechanical motion. The conversion of these individual nanomechanical motions to collective motions via integration into suitable platforms yields impressive macroscopic output at varied sizes. Instead of limited experimental acquaintances, the researchers demonstrated several applications of molecular machines in chemical transformation, energy conversion, gas/liquid separation, biomedical use, and soft material fabrication. As a result, the development of new molecular machines and their applications has accelerated over the previous two decades. This review highlights the design principles and application scopes of several rotors and rotary motor systems because these machines are used in real applications. This review also offers a systematic and thorough overview of current advancements in rotary motors, providing in-depth knowledge and predicting future problems and goals in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singhania
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sudeshna Kalita
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Prerna Chettri
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bismillah AN, Johnson TG, Hussein BA, Turley AT, Saha PK, Wong HC, Aguilar JA, Yufit DS, McGonigal PR. Control of dynamic sp 3-C stereochemistry. Nat Chem 2023; 15:615-624. [PMID: 36914791 PMCID: PMC10159849 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Stereogenic sp3-hybridized carbon centres are fundamental building blocks of chiral molecules. Unlike dynamic stereogenic motifs, such as sp3-nitrogen centres or atropisomeric biaryls, sp3-carbon centres are usually fixed, requiring intermolecular reactions to undergo configurational changes. Here we report the internal enantiomerization of fluxional carbon cages and the consequences of their adaptive configurations for the transmission of stereochemical information. The sp3-carbon stereochemistry of the rigid tricyclic cages is inverted through strain-assisted Cope rearrangements, emulating the low-barrier configurational dynamics typical for sp3-nitrogen inversion or conformational isomerism. This dynamic enantiomerization can be stopped, restarted or slowed by external reagents, while the configuration of the cage is controlled by neighbouring, fixed stereogenic centres. As part of a phosphoramidite-olefin ligand, the fluxional cage acts as a conduit to transmit stereochemical information from the ligand while also transferring its dynamic properties to chiral-at-metal coordination environments, influencing catalysis, ion pairing and ligand exchange energetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ho Chi Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu F, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: From Light-Controlled Small Molecules to Smart Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204413. [PMID: 36239270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers are well-organized assemblies based on highly oriented and reversible noncovalent interactions containing photosensitive molecules as (co-)monomers. They have attracted increasing interest in smart materials and dynamic systems with precisely controllable functions, such as light-driven soft actuators, photoresponsive fluorescent anticounterfeiting and light-triggered electronic devices. The present review discusses light-activated molecules used in photoresponsive supramolecular polymers with their main photo-induced changes, e.g., geometry, dipole moment, and chirality. Based on these distinct changes, supramolecular polymers formed by light-activated molecules exhibit photoresponsive disassembly and reassembly. As a consequence, photo-induced supramolecular polymerization, "depolymerization," and regulation of the lengths and topologies are observed. Moreover, the light-controlled functions of supramolecular polymers, such as actuation, emission, and chirality transfer along length scales, are highlighted. Furthermore, a perspective on challenges and future opportunities is presented. Besides the challenge of moving from harmful UV light to visible/near IR light avoiding fatigue, and enabling biomedical applications, future opportunities include light-controlled supramolecular actuators with helical motion, light-modulated information transmission, optically recyclable materials, and multi-stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cation controlled rotation in anionic pillar[5]arenes and its application for fluorescence switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:590. [PMID: 36737437 PMCID: PMC9898256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling molecular motion is one of hot topics in the field of chemistry. Molecular rotors have wide applications in building nanomachines and functional materials, due to their controllable rotations. Hence, the development of novel rotor systems, controlled by external stimuli, is desirable. Pillar[n]arenes, a class of macrocycles, have a unique planar chirality, in which two stable conformational isomers pR and pS would interconvert by oxygen-through-the-annulus rotations of their hydroquinone rings. We observe the differential kinetic traits of planar chirality transformation in sodium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-Na) and ammonium carboxylate pillar[5]arene (WP5-NH4), which inspire us to construct a promising rotary platform in anionic pillar[5]arenes (WP5) skeletons. Herein, we demonstrate the non-negligible effect of counter cations on rotational barriers of hydroquinone rings in WP5, which enables a cation grease/brake rotor system. Applications of this tunable rotor system as fluorescence switch and anti-counterfeiting ink are further explored.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang M, Song R, Yang D, Lv J. Asymmetric Binary Acid Catalysis: Switchable Enantioselectivity in Enantioselective Conjugate Hydride Reduction. Org Lett 2023; 25:373-377. [PMID: 36627725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of the metal ion from Zr(IV) to Fe(III) leads to a switch in the enantioselectivity of binary acid-catalyzed conjugate hydride reductions. In the presence of Hantzsch ester, γ-indolyl β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters could be reduced to the desired (S)- or (R)-products, respectively, with good to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ran Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arumugam S, Bhattacharya M, Gorantla SMNVT, Mondal KC. Redox Active cAAC-Fluorene/Indene Systems Displaying Solvatochromism, Green Luminescence and pH Sensing: Functionalization of Fluorenyl/Indenyl Rings with Radical Carbene. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201041. [PMID: 36420907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of air stable compounds of cAACX = fluorene/indene (X = Me2 , Et2 , Cy) [cAAC = cyclic (alkyl) amino carbene] have been isolated and well characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Fluorescence studies reveals green light emission of cAAC bonded fluorene, whereas free fluorene generally displays a violet emission. Interestingly, the sterically crowded cAAC-fluorene analogue display solvatochromism and CF3 CO2 H sensing in solution. CV of the these compounds show a quasi-reversible electron transfer process, indicating the functionalization of fluorene/indene with radical anionic form of carbene, confirmed by CV/EPR measurements. DFT/TDDFT calculations and energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) have been carried out to study different aspects of bonding and electronic transitions. Such a class of redox active and thermally stable organic molecules may be suitable for molecule based spin memory devices in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jaekel S, Durant E, Schied M, Persson M, Ostapko J, Kijak M, Waluk J, Grill L. Tautomerization of single asymmetric oxahemiporphycene molecules on Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1096-1104. [PMID: 36530140 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have studied 22-oxahemiporphycene molecules by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperatures and density functional theory calculations. In contrast to other molecular switches with typically two switching states, these molecules can in principle exist in three different tautomers, due to their asymmetry and three inequivalent binding positions of a hydrogen atom in their macrocycle. Different tautomers are identified from the typical appearance on the surface and tunneling electrons can be used to tautomerize single molecules in a controllable way with the highest rates if the STM tip is placed close to the hydrogen binding positions in the cavity. Characteristic switching processes are explained by the different energy pathways upon adsorption on the surface. Upon applying higher bias voltages, deprotonation occurs instead of tautomerization, which becomes evident in the molecular appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jaekel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, Graz, Austria.
| | - Emile Durant
- Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Monika Schied
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jakub Ostapko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Toward the Design and Construction of Supramolecular Functional Molecular Materials Based on Metal–Metal Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22805-22825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ren Y, Jamagne R, Tetlow DJ, Leigh DA. A tape-reading molecular ratchet. Nature 2022; 612:78-82. [PMID: 36261530 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells process information in a manner reminiscent of a Turing machine1, autonomously reading data from molecular tapes and translating it into outputs2,3. Randomly processive macrocyclic catalysts that can derivatise threaded polymers have been described4,5, as have rotaxanes that transfer building blocks in sequence from a molecular strand to a growing oligomer6-10. However, synthetic small-molecule machines that can read and/or write information stored on artificial molecular tapes remain elusive11-13. Here we report on a molecular ratchet in which a crown ether (the 'reading head') is pumped from solution onto an encoded molecular strand (the 'tape') by a pulse14,15 of chemical fuel16. Further fuel pulses transport the macrocycle through a series of compartments of the tape via an energy ratchet14,17-22 mechanism, before releasing it back to bulk off the other end of the strand. During its directional transport, the crown ether changes conformation according to the stereochemistry of binding sites along the way. This allows the sequence of stereochemical information programmed into the tape to be read out as a string of digits in a non-destructive manner through a changing circular dichroism response. The concept is exemplified by the reading of molecular tapes with strings of balanced ternary digits ('trits'23), -1,0,+1 and -1,0,-1. The small-molecule ratchet is a finite-state automaton: a special case24 of a Turing machine that moves in one direction through a string-encoded state sequence, giving outputs dependent on the occupied machine state25,26. It opens the way for the reading-and ultimately writing-of information using the powered directional movement of artificial nanomachines along molecular tapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Romain Jamagne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel J Tetlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206631. [PMID: 35852813 PMCID: PMC9826306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light-induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAobaku, Sendai980-8578Japan
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi Z, Wang Q, Yi J, Zhao C, Chen S, Tian H, Qu D. Encoding Supramolecular Chiral Self‐Assembly with Photo‐Controlled Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Overcrowded Alkene‐Based Bis‐PBI Modulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207405. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao‐Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinhao Yi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chengxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shao‐Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen X, Gilissen PJ, Tinnemans P, Vanthuyne N, Rutjes FPJT, Feringa BL, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Enantiodivergent epoxidation of alkenes with a photoswitchable phosphate manganese-salen complex. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:873-882. [PMID: 36353682 PMCID: PMC7613796 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of enantiodivergent catalysts capable of preparing both enantiomeric products from one substrate in a controlled fashion is challenging. Introducing a switching function into the catalyst can address this challenge, allowing the chiral reaction environment to reversibly change during catalysis. Here we report a photoswitchable phosphate ligand, derived from 2,2'-biphenol, which axially coordinates as the counter ion to an achiral manganese(III) salen catalyst, providing the latter with the ability to switch stereoselectivity in the epoxidation of alkenes. The enantiomers of the chiral ligand exist as a pair of pseudo-enantiomers, which can be interconverted by irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The opposite axial chirality of these pseudo-enantiomers is efficiently transferred to the manganese(III) salen catalyst. With this switchable supramolecular catalyst, the enantioselectivity of the epoxidation of a variety of alkenes can be controlled, resulting in opposite enantiomeric excesses of the epoxide products. This transfer of chirality from a photoswitchable anionic ligand to a metal complex broadens the scope of supramolecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Gilissen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mo K, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Yang Y, Ma X, Feringa BL, Zhao D. Intrinsically unidirectional chemically fuelled rotary molecular motors. Nature 2022; 609:293-298. [PMID: 35793710 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems mainly utilize chemical energy to fuel autonomous molecular motors, enabling the system to be driven out of equilibrium1. Taking inspiration from rotary motors such as the bacterial flagellar motor2 and adenosine triphosphate synthase3, and building on the success of light-powered unidirectional rotary molecular motors4-6, scientists have pursued the design of synthetic molecular motors solely driven by chemical energy7-13. However, designing artificial rotary molecular motors operating autonomously using a chemical fuel and simultaneously featuring the intrinsic structural design elements to allow full 360° unidirectional rotary motion like adenosine triphosphate synthase remains challenging. Here we show that a homochiral biaryl Motor-3, with three distinct stereochemical elements, is a rotary motor that undergoes repetitive and unidirectional 360° rotation of the two aryl groups around a single-bond axle driven by a chemical fuel. It undergoes sequential ester cyclization, helix inversion and ring opening, and up to 99% unidirectionality is realized over the autonomous rotary cycle. The molecular rotary motor can be operated in two modes: synchronized motion with pulses of a chemical fuel and acid-base oscillations; and autonomous motion in the presence of a chemical fuel under slightly basic aqueous conditions. This rotary motor design with intrinsic control over the direction of rotation, simple chemical fuelling for autonomous motion and near-perfect unidirectionality illustrates the potential for future generations of multicomponent machines to perform mechanical functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kathan M, Crespi S, Troncossi A, Stindt CN, Toyoda R, Feringa BL. The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205801. [PMID: 35718745 PMCID: PMC9544085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In artificial small‐molecule machines, molecular motors can be used to perform work on coupled systems by applying a mechanical load—such as strain—that allows for energy transduction. Here, we report how ring strain influences the rotation of a rotary molecular motor. Bridging the two halves of the motor with alkyl tethers of varying sizes yields macrocycles that constrain the motor's movement. Increasing the ring size by two methylene increments increases the mobility of the motor stepwise and allows for fine‐tuning of strain in the system. Small macrocycles (8–14 methylene units) only undergo a photochemical E/Z isomerization. Larger macrocycles (16–22 methylene units) can perform a full rotational cycle, but thermal helix inversion is strongly dependent on the ring size. This study provides systematic and quantitative insight into the behavior of molecular motors under a mechanical load, paving the way for the development of complex coupled nanomachinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Axel Troncossi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobaku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shi ZT, Wang Q, Yi J, Zhao C, Chen SY, Tian H, Qu DH. Encoding Supramolecular Chiral Self‐Assembly with Photo‐Controlled Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Overcrowded Alkene‐Based Bis‐PBI Modulators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboretory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Joint Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboretory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Jinhao Yi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Chengxi Zhao
- Key Laboretory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Jiont Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint Internation Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Enginering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center East China University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Labs for Advanced Materials Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 200237 Shanghai CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang Z, Wang W, O'Hagan M, Dai J, Zhang J, Tian H. Stepping Out of the Blue: From Visible to Near-IR Triggered Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205758. [PMID: 35524420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Light offers unique opportunities for controlling the activity of materials and biosystems with high spatiotemporal resolution. Molecular photoswitches are chromophores that undergo reversible isomerization between different states upon irradiation with light, allowing a convenient means to control their influence over the system of interest. However, a significant limitation of classical photoswitches is the requirement to initiate the switching in one or both directions using deleterious UV light with poor tissue penetration. Red-shifted photoswitches are hence in high demand and have attracted keen recent research interest. In this Review, we highlight recent progress towards the development of visible- and NIR-activated photoswitches characterized by distinct photochromic reaction mechanisms. We hope to inspire further endeavors in this field, allowing the full potential of these tools in biotechnology and materials chemistry applications to be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Michael O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Bio-hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
| |
Collapse
|