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Huber M, Lin Y, Marini G, Moreschini L, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Calandra M, Lanzara A. Ultrafast creation of a light-induced semimetallic state in strongly excited 1T-TiSe 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4481. [PMID: 38728393 PMCID: PMC11086600 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Screening, a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with the shielding of electric fields by surrounding charges, has been widely adopted as a means to modify a material's properties. While most studies have relied on static changes of screening through doping or gating thus far, here we demonstrate that screening can also drive the onset of distinct quantum states on the ultrafast timescale. By using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that intense optical excitation can drive 1T-TiSe2, a prototypical charge density wave material, almost instantly from a gapped into a semimetallic state. By systematically comparing changes in band structure over time and excitation strength with theoretical calculations, we find that the appearance of this state is likely caused by a dramatic reduction of the screening length. In summary, this work showcases how optical excitation enables the screening-driven design of a nonequilibrium semimetallic phase in TiSe2, possibly providing a general pathway into highly screened phases in other strongly correlated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Huber
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Giovanni Marini
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Luca Moreschini
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matteo Calandra
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Lanzara
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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2
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Hellbrück L, Puppin M, Guo F, Hickstein DD, Benhabib S, Grioni M, Dil JH, LaGrange T, Rønnow HM, Carbone F. High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033007. [PMID: 38517259 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) allows for direct mapping of the electronic band structure and its dynamic response on femtosecond timescales. Here, we present a new ARPES system, powered by a new fiber-based femtosecond light source in the vacuum ultraviolet range, accessing the complete first Brillouin zone for most materials. We present trARPES data on Au(111), polycrystalline Au, Bi2Se3, and TaTe2, demonstrating an energy resolution of 21 meV with a time resolution of <360 fs, at a high repetition rate of 1 MHz. The system is integrated with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation beamline, enabling an excellent tunability of the time-bandwidth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hellbrück
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, 4775 Walnut Street Suite 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
- Octave Photonics, 325 W South Boulder Rd. Suite B1, Louisville, Colorado 80027, USA
| | - Siham Benhabib
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Phénomènes Ultrarapides Lumière-Solides (PULS), Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Grioni
- Laboratory of Electron Spectroscopy (LSE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hugo Dil
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Maklar J, Sarkar J, Dong S, Gerasimenko YA, Pincelli T, Beaulieu S, Kirchmann PS, Sobota JA, Yang S, Leuenberger D, Moore RG, Shen ZX, Wolf M, Mihailovic D, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. Coherent light control of a metastable hidden state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4661. [PMID: 38000022 PMCID: PMC10672165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Metastable phases present a promising route to expand the functionality of complex materials. Of particular interest are light-induced metastable phases that are inaccessible under equilibrium conditions, as they often host new, emergent properties switchable on ultrafast timescales. However, the processes governing the trajectories to such hidden phases remain largely unexplored. Here, using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of the formation of a hidden quantum state in the layered dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 upon photoexcitation. Our results reveal the nonthermal character of the transition governed by a collective charge-density-wave excitation. Using a double-pulse excitation of the structural mode, we show vibrational coherent control of the phase-transition efficiency. Our demonstration of exceptional control, switching speed, and stability of the hidden state are key for device applications at the nexus of electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuo Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaroslav A. Gerasimenko
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology – Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick S. Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shuolong Yang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominik Leuenberger
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert G. Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragan Mihailovic
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology – Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Yoo HM, Korkusinski M, Miravet D, Baldwin KW, West K, Pfeiffer L, Hawrylak P, Ashoori RC. Time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7440. [PMID: 37978193 PMCID: PMC10656415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time probing of electrons can uncover intricate relaxation mechanisms and many-body interactions in strongly correlated materials. Here, we introduce time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy (Tr-MERTS). The method allows the injection of electrons at a particular energy and observation of their subsequent decay in energy-momentum space. Using Tr-MERTS, we visualize electronic decay processes, with lifetimes from tens of nanoseconds to tens of microseconds, in Landau levels formed in a GaAs quantum well. Although most observed features agree with simple energy-relaxation, we discovered a splitting in the nonequilibrium energy spectrum in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic state. An exact diagonalization study suggests that the splitting arises from a maximally spin-polarized state with higher energy than a conventional equilibrium skyrmion. Furthermore, we observe time-dependent relaxation of the splitting, which we attribute to single-flipped spins forming skyrmions. These results establish Tr-MERTS as a powerful tool for studying the properties of a 2DES beyond equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yoo
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - M Korkusinski
- Emerging Technologies Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D Miravet
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - K W Baldwin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - P Hawrylak
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R C Ashoori
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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5
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Heber M, Wind N, Kutnyakhov D, Pressacco F, Arion T, Roth F, Eberhardt W, Rossnagel K. Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083905. [PMID: 36050085 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of 23.6-45.5 eV with sub-100 fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of ≲100 meV and ≲0.1 Å-1, respectively. The tabletop experiment sets the stage for measuring the kz-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wind
- Institut für Experimental Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tiberiu Arion
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Roth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Duan S, Wo H, Huang C, Wang S, Gu L, Xiang D, Qian D, Zhao J, Zhang W. Anomalous Contribution to the Nematic Electronic States from the Structural Transition in FeSe Revealed by Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:246401. [PMID: 35776468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.246401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission measurements were made on FeSe superconductors. With ultrafast photoexcitation, two critical excitation fluences that correspond to two ultrafast electronic phase transitions were found only in the d_{yz}-orbit-derived band near the Brillouin-zone center within our time and energy resolution. Upon comparison to the detailed temperature dependent measurements, we conclude that there are two equilibrium electronic phase transitions (at approximately 90 and 120 K) above the superconducting transition temperature, and an anomalous contribution on the scale of 10 meV to the nematic states from the structural transition is experimentally determined. Our observations strongly suggest that the electronic phase transition at 120 K must be taken into account in the energy band development of FeSe, and, furthermore, the contribution of the structural transition plays an important role in the nematic phase of iron-based high-temperature superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongliang Wo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaozhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shichong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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7
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Abstract
Optically excited systems can host unprecedented phenomena and reveal key information. The spin-channel physics in the photoexcited dynamics of quantum matter remains largely unexplored. This study finds the topological surface state under contemporary time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy an exceptionally capable platform in this regard. Spin signals exhibit interesting tornado-like spiral patterns, and the unusual topological optical activity can be indicative of spintronic applications. This exemplifies a purely nonequilibrium topological winding phenomenon, where all the hidden helicity factors in the light–matter-coupled system are robustly encoded. These results open a direction of nonequilibrium topological spin states in quantum materials. Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of many-body systems is the frontier of condensed matter physics; recent advances in various time-resolved spectroscopic techniques continue to reveal rich phenomena. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as one powerful technique can resolve electronic energy, momentum, and spin along the time axis after excitation. However, dynamics of spin textures in momentum space remains mostly unexplored. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that the photoexcited surface state of genuine or magnetically doped topological insulators shows intriguing topological spin textures (i.e., tornado-like patterns) in the spin-resolved ARPES. We systematically reveal its origin as a unique nonequilibrium photoinduced topological winding phenomenon. As all intrinsic and extrinsic topological helicity factors of both material and light are embedded in a robust and delicate manner, the tornado patterns not only allow a remarkable tomography of such important system information, but also enable various unique dichroic topological switchings of the momentum-space spin texture. These results open a direction of nonequilibrium topological spin states in quantum materials.
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8
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Flavell W. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Prospects for photoelectron spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:9-57. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent advances in photoelectron spectroscopy, focussing on advances in in situ and time-resolved measurements, and in extending the sampling depth of the technique. The future...
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9
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Yan C, Green E, Fukumori R, Protic N, Lee SH, Fernandez-Mulligan S, Raja R, Erdakos R, Mao Z, Yang S. An integrated quantum material testbed with multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113907. [PMID: 34852521 DOI: 10.1063/5.0072979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (MRPES) setup, which probes quantum materials in energy, momentum, space, and time. This versatile setup integrates three light sources in one photoemission setup and can conveniently switch between traditional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), time-resolved ARPES (trARPES), and micrometer-scale spatially resolved ARPES. It provides a first-time all-in-one solution to achieve an energy resolution of <4 meV, a time resolution of <35 fs, and a spatial resolution of ∼10 μm in photoemission spectroscopy. Remarkably, we obtain the shortest time resolution among the trARPES setups using solid-state nonlinear crystals for frequency upconversion. Furthermore, this MRPES setup is integrated with a shadow-mask assisted molecular beam epitaxy system, which transforms the traditional photoemission spectroscopy into a quantum device characterization instrument. We demonstrate the functionalities of this novel quantum material testbed using FeSe/SrTiO3 thin films and MnBi4Te7 magnetic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Emanuel Green
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Riku Fukumori
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nikola Protic
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennslyvania, 16802, USA
| | | | - Rahim Raja
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Robin Erdakos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennslyvania, 16802, USA
| | - Shuolong Yang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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10
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Tsutsui K, Shinjo K, Tohyama T. Antiphase Oscillations in the Time-Resolved Spin Structure Factor of a Photoexcited Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:127404. [PMID: 33834838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the recent development of time-resolved resonant-inelastic x-ray scattering (TRRIXS) in photoexcited antiferromagnetic Mott insulators, we numerically investigate momentum-dependent transient spin dynamics in a half-filled Hubbard model on a square lattice. After turning off a pumping photon pulse, the intensity of a dynamical spin structure factor temporally oscillates with frequencies determined by the energy of two magnons in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator. We find an antiphase behavior in the oscillations between two orthogonal momentum directions, parallel and perpendicular to the electric field of a pump pulse. The phase difference comes from the B_{1g} channel of the two-magnon excitation. Observing the antiphase oscillations will be a big challenge for TRRIXS experiments when their time resolution will be improved by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsutsui
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinjo
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takami Tohyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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11
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King PDC, Picozzi S, Egdell RG, Panaccione G. Angle, Spin, and Depth Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy on Quantum Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2816-2856. [PMID: 33346644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of X-ray based electron spectroscopies in determining chemical, electronic, and magnetic properties of solids has been well-known for several decades. A powerful approach is angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, whereby the kinetic energy and angle of photoelectrons emitted from a sample surface are measured. This provides a direct measurement of the electronic band structure of crystalline solids. Moreover, it yields powerful insights into the electronic interactions at play within a material and into the control of spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom, central pillars of future solid state science. With strong recent focus on research of lower-dimensional materials and modified electronic behavior at surfaces and interfaces, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has become a core technique in the study of quantum materials. In this review, we provide an introduction to the technique. Through examples from several topical materials systems, including topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal oxides, we highlight the types of information which can be obtained. We show how the combination of angle, spin, time, and depth-resolved experiments are able to reveal "hidden" spectral features, connected to semiconducting, metallic and magnetic properties of solids, as well as underlining the importance of dimensional effects in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Picozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Russell G Egdell
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Panaccione
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, in Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Biswas D, Jones AJH, Majchrzak P, Choi BK, Lee TH, Volckaert K, Feng J, Marković I, Andreatta F, Kang CJ, Kim HJ, Lee IH, Jozwiak C, Rotenberg E, Bostwick A, Sanders CE, Zhang Y, Karras G, Chapman RT, Wyatt AS, Springate E, Miwa JA, Hofmann P, King PDC, Chang YJ, Lanatà N, Ulstrup S. Ultrafast Triggering of Insulator-Metal Transition in Two-Dimensional VSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1968-1975. [PMID: 33600187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition-metal dichalcogenide VSe2 exhibits an increased charge density wave transition temperature and an emerging insulating phase when thinned to a single layer. Here, we investigate the interplay of electronic and lattice degrees of freedom that underpin these phases in single-layer VSe2 using ultrafast pump-probe photoemission spectroscopy. In the insulating state, we observe a light-induced closure of the energy gap, which we disentangle from the ensuing hot carrier dynamics by fitting a model spectral function to the time-dependent photoemission intensity. This procedure leads to an estimated time scale of 480 fs for the closure of the gap, which suggests that the phase transition in single-layer VSe2 is driven by electron-lattice interactions rather than by Mott-like electronic effects. The ultrafast optical switching of these interactions in SL VSe2 demonstrates the potential for controlling phase transitions in 2D materials with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepnarayan Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alfred J H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paulina Majchrzak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Byoung Ki Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08856, United States
| | - Klara Volckaert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jiagui Feng
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech. and Nanobionics (SINANO), CAS, 398 Ruoshui Road, SEID, SIP, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Igor Marković
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Andreatta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Chang-Jong Kang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08856, United States
| | - Hyuk Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hak Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charlotte E Sanders
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Yu Zhang
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Gabriel Karras
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Richard T Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Adam S Wyatt
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Emma Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell 0 × 11 0QX, U.K
| | - Jill A Miwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Philip Hofmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Phil D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Young Jun Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicola Lanatà
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Bao C, Luo L, Zhang H, Zhou S, Ren Z, Zhou S. Full diagnostics and optimization of time resolution for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033904. [PMID: 33820058 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a high time resolution is highly desirable for revealing the electron dynamics and light-induced phenomena in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES). Here, we identify key factors for achieving the optimum time resolution, including laser bandwidth and optical component induced chirp. A full diagnostic scheme is constructed to characterize the pulse duration and chirp of the fundamental beam, second harmonic, and fourth harmonic, and prism pairs are used to compensate for the chirp. Moreover, by using a Sb2Te3 film as a test sample, we can achieve a high test efficiency for the time resolution during the optimization process. An optimized time resolution of 81 fs is achieved in our TrARPES system with a high repetition rate tunable from 76 to 4.75/n MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Laipeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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14
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Maklar J, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Windsor YW, Xian RP, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123112. [PMID: 33379994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Rösner B, Vodungbo B, Chardonnet V, Döring F, Guzenko VA, Hennes M, Kleibert A, Lebugle M, Lüning J, Mahne N, Merhe A, Naumenko D, Nikolov IP, Lopez-Quintas I, Pedersoli E, Ribič PR, Savchenko T, Watts B, Zangrando M, Capotondi F, David C, Jal E. Simultaneous two-color snapshot view on ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in a Fe-Cu-Ni tri-layer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:054302. [PMID: 32984434 PMCID: PMC7511239 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast phenomena on a femtosecond timescale are commonly examined by pump-probe experiments. This implies multiple measurements, where the sample under investigation is pumped with a short light pulse and then probed with a second pulse at various time delays to follow its dynamics. Recently, the principle of streaking extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses in the temporal domain has enabled recording the dynamics of a system within a single pulse. However, separate pump-probe experiments at different absorption edges still lack a unified timing, when comparing the dynamics in complex systems. Here, we report on an experiment using a dedicated optical element and the two-color emission of the FERMI XUV free-electron laser to follow the charge and spin dynamics in composite materials at two distinct absorption edges, simultaneously. The sample, consisting of ferromagnetic Fe and Ni layers, separated by a Cu layer, is pumped by an infrared laser and probed by a two-color XUV pulse with photon energies tuned to the M-shell resonances of these two transition metals. The experimental geometry intrinsically avoids any timing uncertainty between the two elements and unambiguously reveals an approximately 100 fs delay of the magnetic response with respect to the electronic excitation for both Fe and Ni. This delay shows that the electronic and spin degrees of freedom are decoupled during the demagnetization process. We furthermore observe that the electronic dynamics of Ni and Fe show pronounced differences when probed at their resonance, while the demagnetization dynamics are similar. These observations underline the importance of simultaneous investigation of the temporal response of both charge and spin in multi-component materials. In a more general scenario, the experimental approach can be extended to continuous energy ranges, promising the development of jitter-free transient absorption spectroscopy in the XUV and soft X-ray regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | - Marcel Hennes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | | | | | - Jan Lüning
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Nicola Mahne
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Aladine Merhe
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ivaylo P. Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ignacio Lopez-Quintas
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique – Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris 75005, France
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16
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Gatti G, Crepaldi A, Puppin M, Tancogne-Dejean N, Xian L, De Giovannini U, Roth S, Polishchuk S, Bugnon P, Magrez A, Berger H, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Moreschini L, Moser S, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Rubio A, Chergui M, Grioni M. Light-Induced Renormalization of the Dirac Quasiparticles in the Nodal-Line Semimetal ZrSiSe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:076401. [PMID: 32857568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.076401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In nodal-line semimetals, linearly dispersing states form Dirac loops in the reciprocal space with a high degree of electron-hole symmetry and a reduced density of states near the Fermi level. The result is reduced electronic screening and enhanced correlations between Dirac quasiparticles. Here we investigate the electronic structure of ZrSiSe, by combining time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) complemented by an extended Hubbard model (DFT+U+V) and by time-dependent DFT+U+V. We show that electronic correlations are reduced on an ultrashort timescale by optical excitation of high-energy electrons-hole pairs, which transiently screen the Coulomb interaction. Our findings demonstrate an all-optical method for engineering the band structure of a quantum material.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - L Xian
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - U De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - S Roth
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Polishchuk
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ph Bugnon
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moser
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - M Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Lee C, Rohwer T, Sie EJ, Zong A, Baldini E, Straquadine J, Walmsley P, Gardner D, Lee YS, Fisher IR, Gedik N. High resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with 11 eV laser pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043102. [PMID: 32357712 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission (tr-ARPES) spectroscopy at high momenta necessitates extreme ultraviolet laser pulses, which are typically produced via high harmonic generation (HHG). Despite recent advances, HHG-based setups still require large pulse energies (from hundreds of μJ to mJ) and their energy resolution is limited to tens of meV. Here, we present a novel 11 eV tr-ARPES setup that generates a flux of 5 × 1010 photons/s and achieves an unprecedented energy resolution of 16 meV. It can be operated at high repetition rates (up to 250 kHz) while using input pulse energies down to 3 µJ. We demonstrate these unique capabilities by simultaneously capturing the energy and momentum resolved dynamics in two well-separated momentum space regions of a charge density wave material ErTe3. This novel setup offers the opportunity to study the non-equilibrium band structure of solids with exceptional energy and time resolutions at high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Straquadine
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dillon Gardner
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Young S Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ian R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Beetar JE, Hosen MM, Dhakal G, Sims C, Kabir F, Etienne MB, Dimitri K, Regmi S, Liu Y, Pathak AK, Kaczorowski D, Neupane M, Chini M. Extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission setup with 21.5 meV resolution using high-order harmonic generation from a turn-key Yb:KGW amplifier. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013102. [PMID: 32012559 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing and controlling electronic properties of quantum materials require direct measurements of nonequilibrium electronic band structures over large regions of momentum space. Here, we demonstrate an experimental apparatus for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using high-order harmonic probe pulses generated by a robust, moderately high power (20 W) Yb:KGW amplifier with a tunable repetition rate between 50 and 150 kHz. By driving high-order harmonic generation (HHG) with the second harmonic of the fundamental 1025 nm laser pulses, we show that single-harmonic probe pulses at 21.8 eV photon energy can be effectively isolated without the use of a monochromator. The on-target photon flux can reach 5 × 1010 photons/s at 50 kHz, and the time resolution is measured to be 320 fs. The relatively long pulse duration of the Yb-driven HHG source allows us to reach an excellent energy resolution of 21.5 meV, which is achieved by suppressing the space-charge broadening using a low photon flux of 1.5 × 108 photons/s at a higher repetition rate of 150 kHz. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated through measurements in the topological semimetal ZrSiS and the topological insulator Sb2-xGdxTe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - John E Beetar
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Md Mofazzel Hosen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Gyanendra Dhakal
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Christopher Sims
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Firoza Kabir
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Marc B Etienne
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Klauss Dimitri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | - Arjun K Pathak
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Michael Chini
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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19
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Na MX, Mills AK, Boschini F, Michiardi M, Nosarzewski B, Day RP, Razzoli E, Sheyerman A, Schneider M, Levy G, Zhdanovich S, Devereaux TP, Kemper AF, Jones DJ, Damascelli A. Direct determination of mode-projected electron-phonon coupling in the time domain. Science 2019; 366:1231-1236. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopies have become an important tool for elucidating the microscopic description and dynamical properties of quantum materials. In particular, by tracking the dynamics of nonthermal electrons, a material’s dominant scattering processes can be revealed. Here, we present a method for extracting the electron-phonon coupling strength in the time domain, using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES). This method is demonstrated in graphite, where we investigate the dynamics of photoinjected electrons at the K¯ point, detecting quantized energy-loss processes that correspond to the emission of strongly coupled optical phonons. We show that the observed characteristic time scale for spectral weight transfer mediated by phonon-scattering processes allows for the direct quantitative extraction of electron-phonon matrix elements for specific modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. X. Na
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A. K. Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - F. Boschini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M. Michiardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B. Nosarzewski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. P. Day
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - E. Razzoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A. Sheyerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M. Schneider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - G. Levy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S. Zhdanovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T. P. Devereaux
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. F. Kemper
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - D. J. Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A. Damascelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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20
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Sie EJ, Rohwer T, Lee C, Gedik N. Time-resolved XUV ARPES with tunable 24-33 eV laser pulses at 30 meV resolution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3535. [PMID: 31388015 PMCID: PMC6684652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation of ultrafast laser pulses can be used to perform angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to map the electronic band structure of materials with femtosecond time resolution. However, currently it is difficult to reach high momenta with narrow energy resolution. Here, we combine a gas phase extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond light source, an XUV monochromator, and a time-of-flight electron analyzer to develop XUV-based time-resolved ARPES. Our technique can produce tunable photon energy between 24-33 eV with an unprecedented energy resolution of 30 meV and time resolution of 200 fs. This technique enables time-, energy- and momentum-resolved investigation of the nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons in materials with a full access to their first Brillouin zone. We evaluate the performance of this setup through exemplary measurements on various quantum materials, including WTe2, WSe2, TiSe2, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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21
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Yang Y, Tang T, Duan S, Zhou C, Hao D, Zhang W. A time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with probe photon energy up to 6.7 eV. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:063905. [PMID: 31254991 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a Yb-based femtosecond laser and a hemispherical electron analyzer. The energy of the pump photon is tunable between 1.4 and 1.9 eV, and the pulse duration is around 30 fs. We use a KBe2BO3F2 nonlinear optical crystal to generate probe pulses, of which the photon energy is up to 6.7 eV, and obtain an overall time resolution of 1 ps and energy resolution of 18 meV. In addition, β-BaB2O4 crystals are used to generate alternative probe pulses at 6.05 eV, giving an overall time resolution of 130 fs and energy resolution of 19 meV. We illustrate the performance of the system with representative data on several samples (Bi2Se3, YbCd2Sb2, and FeSe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaocheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Duxing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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22
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Yang SL, Sobota JA, He Y, Leuenberger D, Soifer H, Eisaki H, Kirchmann PS, Shen ZX. Mode-Selective Coupling of Coherent Phonons to the Bi2212 Electronic Band Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:176403. [PMID: 31107058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuprate superconductors host a multitude of low-energy optical phonons. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we study coherent phonons in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{0.92}Y_{0.08}Cu_{2}O_{8+δ}. Sub-meV modulations of the electronic band structure are observed at frequencies of 3.94±0.01 and 5.59±0.06 THz. For the dominant mode at 3.94 THz, the amplitude of the band energy oscillation weakly increases as a function of momentum away from the node. Theoretical calculations allow identifying the observed modes as CuO_{2}-derived A_{1g} phonons. The Bi- and Sr-derived A_{1g} modes which dominate Raman spectra in the relevant frequency range are absent in our measurements. This highlights the mode selectivity for phonons coupled to the near-Fermi-level electrons, which originate from CuO_{2} planes and dictate thermodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Yang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J A Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y He
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Leuenberger
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H Soifer
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Eisaki
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8558, Japan
| | - P S Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z-X Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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23
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Shimojima T, Suzuki Y, Nakamura A, Mitsuishi N, Kasahara S, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Ishida Y, Shin S, Ishizaka K. Ultrafast nematic-orbital excitation in FeSe. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1946. [PMID: 31036846 PMCID: PMC6488589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic nematic phase is an unconventional state of matter that spontaneously breaks the rotational symmetry of electrons. In iron-pnictides/chalcogenides and cuprates, the nematic ordering and fluctuations have been suggested to have as-yet-unconfirmed roles in superconductivity. However, most studies have been conducted in thermal equilibrium, where the dynamical property and excitation can be masked by the coupling with the lattice. Here we use femtosecond optical pulse to perturb the electronic nematic order in FeSe. Through time-, energy-, momentum- and orbital-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy, we detect the ultrafast dynamics of electronic nematicity. In the strong-excitation regime, through the observation of Fermi surface anisotropy, we find a quick disappearance of the nematicity followed by a heavily-damped oscillation. This short-life nematicity oscillation is seemingly related to the imbalance of Fe 3dxz and dyz orbitals. These phenomena show critical behavior as a function of pump fluence. Our real-time observations reveal the nature of the electronic nematic excitation instantly decoupled from the underlying lattice. Several experiments have shown evidence for unusual nematic electronic behaviour in unconventional superconductors. Here the authors use pump-probe spectroscopy to observe out-of-equilibrium behaviour of coupled nematic-orbital excitations in iron selenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimojima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan. .,Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Y Suzuki
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - A Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan.,Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - N Mitsuishi
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - S Kasahara
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Shibauchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Ishida
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Shin
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - K Ishizaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan.,Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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24
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Shi X, You W, Zhang Y, Tao Z, Oppeneer PM, Wu X, Thomale R, Rossnagel K, Bauer M, Kapteyn H, Murnane M. Ultrafast electron calorimetry uncovers a new long-lived metastable state in 1 T-TaSe 2 mediated by mode-selective electron-phonon coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4449. [PMID: 30838333 PMCID: PMC6397029 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum materials represent one of the most promising frontiers in the quest for faster, lightweight, energy-efficient technologies. However, their inherent complexity and rich phase landscape make them challenging to understand or manipulate. Here, we present a new ultrafast electron calorimetry technique that can systematically uncover new phases of quantum matter. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we measure the dynamic electron temperature, band structure, and heat capacity. This approach allows us to uncover a new long-lived metastable state in the charge density wave material 1T-TaSe2, which is distinct from all the known equilibrium phases: It is characterized by a substantially reduced effective total heat capacity that is only 30% of the normal value, because of selective electron-phonon coupling to a subset of phonon modes. As a result, less energy is required to melt the charge order and transform the state of the material than under thermal equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Shi
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Wenjing You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhensheng Tao
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Peter M. Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Thomale
- Institut fur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University and DESY, D-24098 Kiel and D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henry Kapteyn
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Margaret Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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25
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Buss JH, Wang H, Xu Y, Maklar J, Joucken F, Zeng L, Stoll S, Jozwiak C, Pepper J, Chuang YD, Denlinger JD, Hussain Z, Lanzara A, Kaindl RA. A setup for extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at 50-kHz repetition rate. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:023105. [PMID: 30831755 DOI: 10.1063/1.5079677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (trARPES) is a powerful method to track the ultrafast dynamics of quasiparticles and electronic bands in energy and momentum space. We present a setup for trARPES with 22.3 eV extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses at 50-kHz repetition rate, which enables fast data acquisition and access to dynamics across momentum space with high sensitivity. The design and operation of the XUV beamline, pump-probe setup, and ultra-high vacuum endstation are described in detail. By characterizing the effect of space-charge broadening, we determine an ultimate source-limited energy resolution of 60 meV, with typically 80-100 meV obtained at 1-2 × 1010 photons/s probe flux on the sample. The instrument capabilities are demonstrated via both equilibrium and time-resolved ARPES studies of transition-metal dichalcogenides. The 50-kHz repetition rate enables sensitive measurements of quasiparticles at low excitation fluences in semiconducting MoSe2, with an instrumental time resolution of 65 fs. Moreover, photo-induced phase transitions can be driven with the available pump fluence, as shown by charge density wave melting in 1T-TiSe2. The high repetition-rate setup thus provides a versatile platform for sensitive XUV trARPES, from quenching of electronic phases down to the perturbative limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Heye Buss
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - He Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yiming Xu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Julian Maklar
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Frederic Joucken
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lingkun Zeng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sebastian Stoll
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Pepper
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yi-De Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alessandra Lanzara
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert A Kaindl
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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26
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Spin-ARPES EUV Beamline for Ultrafast Materials Research and Development. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new femtosecond, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), Time Resolved Spin-Angle Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy (TR-Spin-ARPES) beamline was developed for ultrafast materials research and development. This 50-fs laser-driven, table-top beamline is an integral part of the “Ultrafast Spintronic Materials Facility”, dedicated to engineering ultrafast materials. This facility provides a fast and in-situ analysis and development of new materials. The EUV source based on high harmonic generation process emits 2.3 × 1011 photons/second (2.3 × 108 photons/pulse) at H23 (35.7 eV) and its photon energy ranges from 10 eV to 75 eV, which enables surface sensitive studies of the electronic structure dynamics. The EUV monochromator provides the narrow bandwidth of the EUV beamline while preserving its pulse duration in an energy range of 10–100 eV. Ultrafast surface photovoltaic effect with ~650 fs rise-time was observed in p-GaAs (100) from time-resolved ARPES spectra. The data acquisition time could be reduced by over two orders of magnitude by scaling the laser driver from 1 KHz, 4W to MHz, KW average power.
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27
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Zhou X, He S, Liu G, Zhao L, Yu L, Zhang W. New developments in laser-based photoemission spectroscopy and its scientific applications: a key issues review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:062101. [PMID: 29460857 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aab0cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in last three decades has elevated it from a traditional band mapping tool to a precise probe of many-body interactions and dynamics of quasiparticles in complex quantum systems. The recent developments of deep ultraviolet (DUV, including ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet) laser-based ARPES have further pushed this technique to a new level. In this paper, we review some latest developments in DUV laser-based photoemission systems, including the super-high energy and momentum resolution ARPES, the spin-resolved ARPES, the time-of-flight ARPES, and the time-resolved ARPES. We also highlight some scientific applications in the study of electronic structure in unconventional superconductors and topological materials using these state-of-the-art DUV laser-based ARPES. Finally we provide our perspectives on the future directions in the development of laser-based photoemission systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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28
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Boschini F, da Silva Neto EH, Razzoli E, Zonno M, Peli S, Day RP, Michiardi M, Schneider M, Zwartsenberg B, Nigge P, Zhong RD, Schneeloch J, Gu GD, Zhdanovich S, Mills AK, Levy G, Jones DJ, Giannetti C, Damascelli A. Collapse of superconductivity in cuprates via ultrafast quenching of phase coherence. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:416-420. [PMID: 29610487 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of driving phase transitions in low-density condensates through the loss of phase coherence alone has far-reaching implications for the study of quantum phases of matter. This has inspired the development of tools to control and explore the collective properties of condensate phases via phase fluctuations. Electrically gated oxide interfaces1,2, ultracold Fermi atoms3,4 and cuprate superconductors5,6, which are characterized by an intrinsically small phase stiffness, are paradigmatic examples where these tools are having a dramatic impact. Here we use light pulses shorter than the internal thermalization time to drive and probe the phase fragility of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ cuprate superconductor, completely melting the superconducting condensate without affecting the pairing strength. The resulting ultrafast dynamics of phase fluctuations and charge excitations are captured and disentangled by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This work demonstrates the dominant role of phase coherence in the superconductor-to-normal state phase transition and offers a benchmark for non-equilibrium spectroscopic investigations of the cuprate phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boschini
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E Razzoli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Zonno
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Peli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (ILAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - R P Day
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Michiardi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Zwartsenberg
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Nigge
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R D Zhong
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - J Schneeloch
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S Zhdanovich
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A K Mills
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Levy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D J Jones
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Giannetti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (ILAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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29
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Cilento F, Manzoni G, Sterzi A, Peli S, Ronchi A, Crepaldi A, Boschini F, Cacho C, Chapman R, Springate E, Eisaki H, Greven M, Berciu M, Kemper AF, Damascelli A, Capone M, Giannetti C, Parmigiani F. Dynamics of correlation-frozen antinodal quasiparticles in superconducting cuprates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar1998. [PMID: 29507885 PMCID: PMC5834002 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many puzzling properties of high-critical temperature (Tc) superconducting (HTSC) copper oxides have deep roots in the nature of the antinodal quasiparticles, the elementary excitations with wave vector parallel to the Cu-O bonds. These electronic states are most affected by the onset of antiferromagnetic correlations and charge instabilities, and they host the maximum of the anisotropic superconducting gap and pseudogap. We use time-resolved extreme-ultraviolet photoemission with proper photon energy (18 eV) and time resolution (50 fs) to disclose the ultrafast dynamics of the antinodal states in a prototypical HTSC cuprate. After photoinducing a nonthermal charge redistribution within the Cu and O orbitals, we reveal a dramatic momentum-space differentiation of the transient electron dynamics. Whereas the nodal quasiparticle distribution is heated up as in a conventional metal, new quasiparticle states transiently emerge at the antinodes, similarly to what is expected for a photoexcited Mott insulator, where the frozen charges can be released by an impulsive excitation. This transient antinodal metallicity is mapped into the dynamics of the O-2p bands, thus directly demonstrating the intertwining between the low- and high-energy scales that is typical of correlated materials. Our results suggest that the correlation-driven freezing of the electrons moving along the Cu-O bonds, analogous to the Mott localization mechanism, constitutes the starting point for any model of high-Tc superconductivity and other exotic phases of HTSC cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Manzoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sterzi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Peli
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Boschini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cephise Cacho
- CLF-Artemis@Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Richard Chapman
- CLF-Artemis@Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Emma Springate
- CLF-Artemis@Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hiroshi Eisaki
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Martin Greven
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mona Berciu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alexander F. Kemper
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Andrea Damascelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Massimo Capone
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche–Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) Democritos National Simulation Center, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Giannetti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Parmigiani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- International Faculty, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
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30
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Liu XJ, Nicolas C, Miron C. In situ correction of the spherical aberration in a double-toroidal electron analyzer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:023110. [PMID: 28249490 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In an energy-dispersive electron spectrometer, the electrons with the same kinetic energy but different polar angles fly along different paths and impinge upon the detector at different locations. This behavior materializes the spherical aberration of the electron optics, which deteriorates the focussing quality on the detector, and thus the energy resolution of the instrument. Here, we demonstrate that, in general, the electron time of flight changes monotonically as a function of the polar angle. Combining the impact position on the detector and the time of flight of electrons, the spherical aberration can be corrected and the energy resolution can be significantly improved, 1.5× in the case of our double toroidal analyser. This correction method has a general applicability and can be of interest to experimentalists willing to push further the performances of their electron spectrometers when the time of flight is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Catalin Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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31
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Carva K, Baláž P, Radu I. Laser-Induced Ultrafast Magnetic Phenomena. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hmm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Ishida Y, Otsu T, Ozawa A, Yaji K, Tani S, Shin S, Kobayashi Y. High repetition pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy based on a compact fiber laser system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:123902. [PMID: 28040935 DOI: 10.1063/1.4969053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a time-resolved photoemission (TRPES) apparatus equipped with a Yb-doped fiber laser system delivering 1.2-eV pump and 5.9-eV probe pulses at the repetition rate of 95 MHz. Time and energy resolutions are 11.3 meV and ∼310 fs, respectively, the latter is estimated by performing TRPES on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The high repetition rate is suited for achieving high signal-to-noise ratio in TRPES spectra, thereby facilitating investigations of ultrafast electronic dynamics in the low pump fluence (p) region. TRPES of polycrystalline bismuth (Bi) at p as low as 30 nJ/mm2 is demonstrated. The laser source is compact and is docked to an existing TRPES apparatus based on a 250-kHz Ti:sapphire laser system. The 95-MHz system is less prone to space-charge broadening effects compared to the 250-kHz system, which we explicitly show in a systematic probe-power dependency of the Fermi cutoff of polycrystalline gold. We also describe that the TRPES response of an oriented Bi(111)/HOPG sample is useful for fine-tuning the spatial overlap of the pump and probe beams even when p is as low as 30 nJ/mm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Otsu
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - A Ozawa
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - K Yaji
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Tani
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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33
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Constant Matrix Element Approximation to Time-Resolved Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. PHOTONICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics3040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Rohde G, Hendel A, Stange A, Hanff K, Oloff LP, Yang LX, Rossnagel K, Bauer M. Time-resolved ARPES with sub-15 fs temporal and near Fourier-limited spectral resolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:103102. [PMID: 27802702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with sub-15 fs temporal resolution is presented. A hollow-fiber compressor is used for the generation of 6.5 fs white light pump pulses, and a high-harmonic-generation source delivers 11 fs probe pulses at a photon energy of 22.1 eV. A value of 13 fs full width at half-maximum of the pump-probe cross correlation signal is determined by analyzing a photoemission intensity transient probing a near-infrared interband transition in 1T-TiSe2. Notably, the energy resolution of the setup conforms to typical values reported in conventional time-resolved photoemission studies using high harmonics, and an ultimate resolution of 170 meV is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rohde
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - A Hendel
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - A Stange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Hanff
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - L-P Oloff
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - L X Yang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Rossnagel
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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35
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Zhang W, Miller T, Smallwood CL, Yoshida Y, Eisaki H, Kaindl RA, Lee DH, Lanzara A. Stimulated emission of Cooper pairs in a high-temperature cuprate superconductor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29100. [PMID: 27364682 PMCID: PMC4929572 DOI: 10.1038/srep29100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of stimulated emission of bosons has played an important role in modern science and technology, and constitutes the working principle for lasers. In a stimulated emission process, an incoming photon enhances the probability that an excited atomic state will transition to a lower energy state and generate a second photon of the same energy. It is expected, but not experimentally shown, that stimulated emission contributes significantly to the zero resistance current in a superconductor by enhancing the probability that scattered Cooper pairs will return to the macroscopically occupied condensate instead of entering any other state. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the initial rise of the non-equilibrium quasiparticle population in a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ cuprate superconductor induced by an ultrashort laser pulse. Our finding reveals significantly slower buildup of quasiparticles in the superconducting state than in the normal state. The slower buildup only occurs when the pump pulse is too weak to deplete the superconducting condensate, and for cuts inside the Fermi arc region. We propose this is a manifestation of stimulated recombination of broken Cooper pairs, and signals an important momentum space dichotomy in the formation of Cooper pairs inside and outside the Fermi arc region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tristan Miller
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher L Smallwood
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yoshida
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eisaki
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R A Kaindl
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dung-Hai Lee
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alessandra Lanzara
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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36
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The rate of quasiparticle recombination probes the onset of coherence in cuprate superconductors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23610. [PMID: 27071712 PMCID: PMC4829850 DOI: 10.1038/srep23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the underdoped copper-oxides, high-temperature superconductivity condenses from a nonconventional metallic ”pseudogap” phase that exhibits a variety of non-Fermi liquid properties. Recently, it has become clear that a charge density wave (CDW) phase exists within the pseudogap regime. This CDW coexists and competes with superconductivity (SC) below the transition temperature Tc, suggesting that these two orders are intimately related. Here we show that the condensation of the superfluid from this unconventional precursor is reflected in deviations from the predictions of BSC theory regarding the recombination rate of quasiparticles. We report a detailed investigation of the quasiparticle (QP) recombination lifetime, τqp, as a function of temperature and magnetic field in underdoped HgBa2CuO4+δ (Hg-1201) and YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) single crystals by ultrafast time-resolved reflectivity. We find that τqp(T ) exhibits a local maximum in a small temperature window near Tc that is prominent in underdoped samples with coexisting charge order and vanishes with application of a small magnetic field. We explain this unusual, non-BCS behavior by positing that Tc marks a transition from phase-fluctuating SC/CDW composite order above to a SC/CDW condensate below. Our results suggest that the superfluid in underdoped cuprates is a condensate of coherently-mixed particle-particle and particle-hole pairs.
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37
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High-Field High-Repetition-Rate Sources for the Coherent THz Control of Matter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22256. [PMID: 26924651 PMCID: PMC4770290 DOI: 10.1038/srep22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort flashes of THz light with low photon energies of a few meV, but strong electric or magnetic field transients have recently been employed to prepare various fascinating nonequilibrium states in matter. Here we present a new class of sources based on superradiant enhancement of radiation from relativistic electron bunches in a compact electron accelerator that we believe will revolutionize experiments in this field. Our prototype source generates high-field THz pulses at unprecedented quasi-continuous-wave repetition rates up to the MHz regime. We demonstrate parameters that exceed state-of-the-art laser-based sources by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The peak fields and the repetition rates are highly scalable and once fully operational this type of sources will routinely provide 1 MV/cm electric fields and 0.3 T magnetic fields at repetition rates of few 100 kHz. We benchmark the unique properties by performing a resonant coherent THz control experiment with few 10 fs resolution.
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38
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Ishida Y, Saitoh T, Mochiku T, Nakane T, Hirata K, Shin S. Quasi-particles ultrafastly releasing kink bosons to form Fermi arcs in a cuprate superconductor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18747. [PMID: 26728626 PMCID: PMC4700524 DOI: 10.1038/srep18747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a conventional framework, superconductivity is lost at a critical temperature (Tc) because, at higher temperatures, gluing bosons can no longer bind two electrons into a Cooper pair. In high-Tc cuprates, it is still unknown how superconductivity vanishes at Tc. We provide evidence that the so-called ≲70-meV kink bosons that dress the quasi-particle excitations are playing a key role in the loss of superconductivity in a cuprate. We irradiated a 170-fs laser pulse on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and monitored the responses of the superconducting gap and dressed quasi-particles by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe an ultrafast loss of superconducting gap near the d-wave node, or light-induced Fermi arcs, which is accompanied by spectral broadenings and weight redistributions occurring within the kink binding energy. We discuss that the underlying mechanism of the spectral broadening that induce the Fermi arc is the undressing of quasi-particles from the kink bosons. The loss mechanism is beyond the conventional framework, and can accept the unconventional phenomena such as the signatures of Cooper pairs remaining at temperatures above Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Saitoh
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Mochiku
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - T Nakane
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - K Hirata
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,CREST JST, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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39
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Peronaci F, Schiró M, Capone M. Transient Dynamics of d-Wave Superconductors after a Sudden Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:257001. [PMID: 26722940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent ultrafast pump-probe experiments on high-temperature superconductors, we discuss the transient dynamics of a d-wave BCS model after a quantum quench of the interaction parameter. We find that the existence of gap nodes, with the associated nodal quasiparticles, introduces a decay channel which makes the dynamics much faster than in the conventional s-wave model. For every value of the quench parameter, the superconducting gap rapidly converges to a stationary value smaller than the one at equilibrium. Using a sudden approximation for the gap dynamics, we find an analytical expression for the reduction of spectral weight close to the nodes, which is in qualitative agreement with recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peronaci
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS) and CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Schiró
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Massimo Capone
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS) and CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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40
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Frietsch B, Bowlan J, Carley R, Teichmann M, Wienholdt S, Hinzke D, Nowak U, Carva K, Oppeneer PM, Weinelt M. Disparate ultrafast dynamics of itinerant and localized magnetic moments in gadolinium metal. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8262. [PMID: 26355196 PMCID: PMC4579838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Heisenberg–Dirac intra-atomic exchange coupling is responsible for the formation of the atomic spin moment and thus the strongest interaction in magnetism. Therefore, it is generally assumed that intra-atomic exchange leads to a quasi-instantaneous aligning process in the magnetic moment dynamics of spins in separate, on-site atomic orbitals. Following ultrashort optical excitation of gadolinium metal, we concurrently record in photoemission the 4f magnetic linear dichroism and 5d exchange splitting. Their dynamics differ by one order of magnitude, with decay constants of 14 versus 0.8 ps, respectively. Spin dynamics simulations based on an orbital-resolved Heisenberg Hamiltonian combined with first-principles calculations explain the particular dynamics of 5d and 4f spin moments well, and corroborate that the 5d exchange splitting traces closely the 5d spin-moment dynamics. Thus gadolinium shows disparate dynamics of the localized 4f and the itinerant 5d spin moments, demonstrating a breakdown of their intra-atomic exchange alignment on a picosecond timescale. Due the strength of the intra-atomic exchange interaction, it is generally assumed that alignment of spin moments in intra-atomic orbitals is quasi-instantaneous. Here, the authors demonstrate the breakdown of this relation between the 4f and 5d electrons in gadolinium following ultrashort optical excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frietsch
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Bowlan
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Carley
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Teichmann
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Wienholdt
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - D Hinzke
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - U Nowak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - K Carva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, DCMP, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - P M Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Weinelt
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Dakovski GL, Durakiewicz T, Zhu JX, Riseborough PS, Gu G, Gilbertson SM, Taylor A, Rodriguez G. Quasiparticle dynamics across the full Brillouin zone of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ traced with ultrafast time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2015; 2:054501. [PMID: 26798826 PMCID: PMC4711645 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark in the cuprate family of high-temperature superconductors is the nodal-antinodal dichotomy. In this regard, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has proven especially powerful, providing band structure information directly in energy-momentum space. Time-resolved ARPES (trARPES) holds great promise of adding ultrafast temporal information, in an attempt to identify different interaction channels in the time domain. Previous studies of the cuprates using trARPES were handicapped by the low probing energy, which significantly limits the accessible momentum space. Using 20.15 eV, 12 fs pulses, we show for the first time the evolution of quasiparticles in the antinodal region of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and demonstrate that non-monotonic relaxation dynamics dominates above a certain fluence threshold. The dynamics is heavily influenced by transient modification of the electron-phonon interaction and phase space restrictions, in stark contrast to the monotonic relaxation in the nodal and off-nodal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi L Dakovski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Tomasz Durakiewicz
- Condensed Matter and Magnet Science, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Peter S Riseborough
- Department of Physics, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Steve M Gilbertson
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Antoinette Taylor
- Materials Physics and Applications, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - George Rodriguez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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42
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Zhang GP, Si MS, Bai YH, George TF. Magnetic spin moment reduction in photoexcited ferromagnets through exchange interaction quenching: beyond the rigid band approximation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:206003. [PMID: 25950828 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/20/206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The exchange interaction among electrons is one of the most fundamental quantum mechanical interactions in nature and underlies any magnetic phenomena from ferromagnetic ordering to magnetic storage. The current technology is built upon a thermal or magnetic field, but a frontier is emerging to directly control magnetism using ultrashort laser pulses. However, little is known about the fate of the exchange interaction. Here we report unambiguously that photoexcitation is capable of quenching the exchange interaction in all three 3d ferromagnetic metals. The entire process starts with a small number of photoexcited electrons which build up a new and self-destructive potential that collapses the system into a new state with a reduced exchange splitting. The spin moment reduction follows a Bloch-like law as M(z)(ΔE) = M(z)(0)(1 - ΔE/ΔE₀)(1/β), where ΔE is the absorbed photon energy and β is a scaling exponent. A good agreement is found between the experimental and our theoretical results. Our findings may have a broader implication for dynamic electron correlation effects in laser-excited iron-based superconductors, iron borate, rare-earth orthoferrites, hematites and rare-earth transition metal alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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43
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Perfetti L, Sciolla B, Biroli G, van der Beek CJ, Piovera C, Wolf M, Kampfrath T. Ultrafast dynamics of fluctuations in high-temperature superconductors far from equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:067003. [PMID: 25723240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.067003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive work on high-temperature superconductors, the critical behavior of an incipient condensate has so far been studied exclusively under equilibrium conditions. Here, we excite Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ) with a femtosecond laser pulse and monitor the subsequent nonequilibrium dynamics of the midinfrared conductivity. Our data allow us to discriminate temperature regimes where superconductivity is either coherent, fluctuating or vanishingly small. Above the transition temperature T(c), we make the striking observation that the relaxation to equilibrium exhibits power-law dynamics and scaling behavior, both for optimally and underdoped superconductors. Our findings can in part be modeled using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, and they provide strong indication of universality in systems far from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perfetti
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - B Sciolla
- Departement of Theoretical Physics, Ecole de Physique University of Geneva 24, Quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Genéve, Switzerland
| | - G Biroli
- Institut de Physique Théorique CEA, (CNRS URA 2306), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C J van der Beek
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - C Piovera
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kampfrath
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Boschini F, Hedayat H, Dallera C, Farinello P, Manzoni C, Magrez A, Berger H, Cerullo G, Carpene E. An innovative Yb-based ultrafast deep ultraviolet source for time-resolved photoemission experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:123903. [PMID: 25554305 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids. Here, an innovative optical setup based on a 100-kHz Yb laser source is presented. Exploiting non-collinear optical parametric amplification and sum-frequency generation, ultrashort pump (hν = 1.82 eV) and ultraviolet probe (hν = 6.05 eV) pulses are generated. Overall temporal and instrumental energy resolutions of, respectively, 85 fs and 50 meV are obtained. Time- and angle-resolved measurements on BiTeI semiconductor are presented to show the capabilities of the setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boschini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - H Hedayat
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C Dallera
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - P Farinello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C Manzoni
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Carpene
- IFN-CNR Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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45
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Ishida Y, Togashi T, Yamamoto K, Tanaka M, Kiss T, Otsu T, Kobayashi Y, Shin S. Time-resolved photoemission apparatus achieving sub-20-meV energy resolution and high stability. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:123904. [PMID: 25554306 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a time- and angle-resolved photoemission apparatus consisting of a hemispherical analyzer and a pulsed laser source. We demonstrate 1.48-eV pump and 5.92-eV probe measurements at the ⩾10.5-meV and ⩾240-fs resolutions by use of fairly monochromatic 170-fs pulses delivered from a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser system operating typically at 250 kHz. The apparatus is capable to resolve the optically filled superconducting peak in the unoccupied states of a cuprate superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8 + δ). A dataset recorded on Bi(111) surface is also presented. Technical descriptions include the followings: A simple procedure to fine-tune the spatio-temporal overlap of the pump-and-probe beams and their diameters; achieving a long-term stability of the system that enables a normalization-free dataset acquisition; changing the repetition rate by utilizing acoustic optical modulator and frequency-division circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Kiss
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Otsu
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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46
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Gagel P, Orth PP, Schmalian J. Universal Postquench Prethermalization at a Quantum Critical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:220401. [PMID: 25494059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.220401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider an open system near a quantum critical point that is suddenly moved towards the critical point. The bath-dominated diffusive nonequilibrium dynamics after the quench is shown to follow scaling behavior, governed by a critical exponent that emerges in addition to the known equilibrium critical exponents. We determine this exponent and show that it describes universal prethermalized coarsening dynamics of the order parameter in an intermediate time regime. Implications of this quantum critical prethermalization are: (i) a power law rise of order and correlations after an initial collapse of the equilibrium state and (ii) a crossover to thermalization that occurs arbitrarily late for sufficiently shallow quenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gagel
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter P Orth
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmalian
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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47
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Zhang GP, Gu M, Wu XS. Ultrafast reduction in exchange interaction by a laser pulse: alternative path to femtomagnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:376001. [PMID: 25156910 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/37/376001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of femtomagnetism, it has been hotly debated how an ultrafast laser pulse can demagnetize a sample and switch its spins within a few hundred femtoseconds, but no consensus has been reached. In this paper, we propose that an ultrafast reduction in the exchange interaction by a femtosecond laser pulse is mainly responsible for demagnetization and spin switching. The key physics is that the dipole selection rule demands two distinctive electron configurations for the ground and excited states and consequently changes the exchange interaction. Although the exchange interaction change is almost instantaneous, its effect on the spin is delayed by the finite spin wave propagation. Consistent with the experimental observation, the delay becomes longer with a stronger exchange interaction pulse. In spin-frustrated systems, the effect of the exchange interaction change is even more dramatic, where the spin can be directly switched from one direction to the other. Therefore, our theory has the potential to explain the essence of major observations in rare-earth transition metal compounds for the last seven years. Our findings are likely to motivate further research in the quest of the origin of femtomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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48
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Ultrafast quenching of electron–boson interaction and superconducting gap in a cuprate superconductor. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4959. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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49
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Cilento F, Dal Conte S, Coslovich G, Peli S, Nembrini N, Mor S, Banfi F, Ferrini G, Eisaki H, Chan MK, Dorow CJ, Veit MJ, Greven M, van der Marel D, Comin R, Damascelli A, Rettig L, Bovensiepen U, Capone M, Giannetti C, Parmigiani F. Photo-enhanced antinodal conductivity in the pseudogap state of high-Tc cuprates. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4353. [PMID: 25014895 PMCID: PMC4104437 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in understanding the cuprate superconductors is to clarify the nature of the fundamental electronic correlations that lead to the pseudogap phenomenon. Here we use ultrashort light pulses to prepare a non-thermal distribution of excitations and capture novel properties that are hidden at equilibrium. Using a broadband (0.5–2 eV) probe, we are able to track the dynamics of the dielectric function and unveil an anomalous decrease in the scattering rate of the charge carriers in a pseudogap-like region of the temperature (T) and hole-doping (p) phase diagram. In this region, delimited by a well-defined T*neq(p) line, the photoexcitation process triggers the evolution of antinodal excitations from gapped (localized) to delocalized quasiparticles characterized by a longer lifetime. The novel concept of photo-enhanced antinodal conductivity is naturally explained within the single-band Hubbard model, in which the short-range Coulomb repulsion leads to a k-space differentiation between nodal quasiparticles and antinodal excitations. The pseudogap phase exhibited by the cuprates is almost as enigmatic as superconductivity in these materials itself. A time-resolved study performed by Cilento et al. suggests that this state can be photoexcited into a transient non-equilibrium state that is more conductive than the equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cilento
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - S Dal Conte
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] i-LAMP (Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [3]
| | - G Coslovich
- 1] Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy [2]
| | - S Peli
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Nembrini
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Mor
- Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - F Banfi
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] i-LAMP (Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - G Ferrini
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] i-LAMP (Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - H Eisaki
- Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - M K Chan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C J Dorow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Veit
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Greven
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D van der Marel
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève, CH1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R Comin
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - A Damascelli
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - L Rettig
- 1] Fakultaet fuer Physik and Zentrum für Nanointegration (CENIDE), Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany [2]
| | - U Bovensiepen
- Fakultaet fuer Physik and Zentrum für Nanointegration (CENIDE), Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Capone
- CNR-IOM Democritos National Simulation Center and Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Giannetti
- 1] Department of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy [2] i-LAMP (Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - F Parmigiani
- 1] Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., I-34149 Basovizza, Italy [2] Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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50
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Sohrt C, Stange A, Bauer M, Rossnagel K. How fast can a Peierls–Mott insulator be melted? Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:243-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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