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Zhou X, Weng SY, Bell SP, Amon A. A noncanonical GTPase signaling mechanism controls exit from mitosis in budding yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594582. [PMID: 38798491 PMCID: PMC11118470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exit from mitosis is coupled to spindle position to ensure successful genome partitioning between mother and daughter cell. This coupling occurs through a GTPase signaling cascade known as the mitotic exit network (MEN). The MEN senses spindle position via a Ras-like GTPase Tem1 which primarily localizes to the spindle pole bodies (SPBs, yeast equivalent of centrosomes) during anaphase. How Tem1 couples the status of spindle position to MEN activation is not fully understood. Here, we show that Tem1 does not function as a molecular switch as its nucleotide state does not change upon MEN activation. Instead, Tem1's nucleotide state regulates its SPB localization to establish a concentration difference in the cell in response to spindle position. By artificially tethering Tem1 to the SPB, we demonstrate that the essential function of Tem1GTP is to localize Tem1 to the SPB. Tem1 localization to the SPB primarily functions to generate a high effective concentration of Tem1 and MEN signaling can be initiated by concentrating Tem1 in the cytoplasm with genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles. This localization/concentration-based GTPase signaling mechanism for Tem1 differs from the canonical Ras-like GTPase signaling paradigm and is likely relevant to other localization-based signaling scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhou
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shannon Y Weng
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P Bell
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Phillips JE, Zheng Y, Pan D. Assembling a Hippo: the evolutionary emergence of an animal developmental signaling pathway. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00102-6. [PMID: 38729842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Decades of work in developmental genetics has given us a deep mechanistic understanding of the fundamental signaling pathways underlying animal development. However, little is known about how these pathways emerged and changed over evolutionary time. Here, we review our current understanding of the evolutionary emergence of the Hippo pathway, a conserved signaling pathway that regulates tissue size in animals. This pathway has deep evolutionary roots, emerging piece by piece in the unicellular ancestors of animals, with a complete core pathway predating the origin of animals. Recent functional studies in close unicellular relatives of animals and early-branching animals suggest an ancestral function Hippo pathway of cytoskeletal regulation, which was subsequently co-opted to regulate proliferation and animal tissue size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Phillips
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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3
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Durant M, Mucelli X, Huang LS. Meiotic Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spores That Just Need Closure. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:132. [PMID: 38392804 PMCID: PMC10890087 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs during starvation of a diploid cell and results in the formation of four haploid spores forming within the mother cell ascus. Meiosis divides the genetic material that is encapsulated by the prospore membrane that grows to surround the haploid nuclei; this membrane will eventually become the plasma membrane of the haploid spore. Cellularization of the spores occurs when the prospore membrane closes to capture the haploid nucleus along with some cytoplasmic material from the mother cell, and thus, closure of the prospore membrane is the meiotic cytokinetic event. This cytokinetic event involves the removal of the leading-edge protein complex, a complex of proteins that localizes to the leading edge of the growing prospore membrane. The development and closure of the prospore membrane must be coordinated with other meiotic exit events such as spindle disassembly. Timing of the closure of the prospore membrane depends on the meiotic exit pathway, which utilizes Cdc15, a Hippo-like kinase, and Sps1, an STE20 family GCKIII kinase, acting in parallel to the E3 ligase Ama1-APC/C. This review describes the sporulation process and focuses on the development of the prospore membrane and the regulation of prospore membrane closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Durant
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Linda S Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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4
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Seitz BC, Mucelli X, Majano M, Wallis Z, Dodge AC, Carmona C, Durant M, Maynard S, Huang LS. Meiosis II spindle disassembly requires two distinct pathways. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar98. [PMID: 37436806 PMCID: PMC10551701 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During exit from meiosis II, cells undergo several structural rearrangements, including disassembly of the meiosis II spindles and cytokinesis. Each of these changes is regulated to ensure that they occur at the proper time. Previous studies have demonstrated that both SPS1, which encodes a STE20-family GCKIII kinase, and AMA1, which encodes a meiosis-specific activator of the Anaphase Promoting Complex, are required for both meiosis II spindle disassembly and cytokinesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We examine the relationship between meiosis II spindle disassembly and cytokinesis and find that the meiosis II spindle disassembly failure in sps1Δ and ama1∆ cells is not the cause of the cytokinesis defect. We also see that the spindle disassembly defects in sps1Δ and ama1∆ cells are phenotypically distinct. We examined known microtubule-associated proteins Ase1, Cin8, and Bim1, and found that AMA1 is required for the proper loss of Ase1 and Cin8 on meiosis II spindles while SPS1 is required for Bim1 loss in meiosis II. Taken together, these data indicate that SPS1 and AMA1 promote distinct aspects of meiosis II spindle disassembly, and that both pathways are required for the successful completion of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Seitz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Maira Majano
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Ashley C. Dodge
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Catherine Carmona
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Matthew Durant
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Sharra Maynard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Linda S. Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
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5
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Li Y, Long H, Jiang G, Yu Z, Huang M, Zou S, Guan T, Zhao Y, Liu X. Protective effects of thiamine on Wickerhamomyces anomalus against ethanol stress. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1057284. [PMID: 36569088 PMCID: PMC9769406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1057284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wickerhamomyces anomalus (W. anomalus) is widely reported in the brewing industry and has positive effects on the aromatic profiles of wines because of its unique physiological characteristics and metabolic features. However, the accumulation of ethanol during fermentation inhibits the growth of W. anomalus. Thiamine is involved in the response against various abiotic stresses in microorganisms. Therefore, we used transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to study the effect of thiamine on ethanol-stressed W. anomalus. The results indicate that thiamine could alleviate the inhibitory effect of ethanol stress on the survival of W. anomalus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) caused by the thiamine intervention were identified as oxidative phosphorylation through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. In addition, ethanol treatment decreased the content of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), while thiamine partially alleviated this phenomenon. The present comprehensive transcriptional overview and metabolomic analysis provide insights about the mechanisms of thiamine protection on W. anomalus under ethanol stress and promote the potential applications of W. anomalus in the fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Li
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Long
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Zhihai Yu
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Shiping Zou
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianbing Guan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaozhu Liu,
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6
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Rathi S, Polat I, Pereira G. The budding yeast GSK-3 homologue Mck1 is an essential component of the spindle position checkpoint. Open Biol 2022; 12:220203. [PMID: 36321416 PMCID: PMC9627454 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) is a mitotic surveillance mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that prevents cells from completing mitosis in response to spindle misalignment, thereby contributing to genomic integrity. The kinase Kin4, one of the most downstream SPOC components, is essential to stop the mitotic exit network (MEN), a signalling pathway that promotes the exit from mitosis and cell division. Previous work, however, suggested that a Kin4-independent pathway contributes to SPOC, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we established the glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 (GSK-3) homologue Mck1, as a novel component that works independently of Kin4 to engage SPOC. Our data indicate that both Kin4 and Mck1 work in parallel to counteract MEN activation by the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network. We show that Mck1's function in SPOC is mediated by the pre-replication complex protein and mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (M-Cdk) inhibitor, Cdc6, which is degraded in a Mck1-dependent manner prior to mitosis. Moderate overproduction of Cdc6 phenocopies MCK1 deletion and causes SPOC deficiency via its N-terminal, M-Cdk inhibitory domain. Our data uncover an unprecedented role of GSK-3 kinases in coordinating spindle orientation with cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Rathi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS) and Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Bonn, Germany
| | - Irem Polat
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Rathi S, Polat I, Pereira G. The budding yeast GSK-3 homologue Mck1 is an essential component of the spindle position checkpoint. Open Biol 2022. [PMID: 36321416 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6261880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) is a mitotic surveillance mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that prevents cells from completing mitosis in response to spindle misalignment, thereby contributing to genomic integrity. The kinase Kin4, one of the most downstream SPOC components, is essential to stop the mitotic exit network (MEN), a signalling pathway that promotes the exit from mitosis and cell division. Previous work, however, suggested that a Kin4-independent pathway contributes to SPOC, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we established the glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 (GSK-3) homologue Mck1, as a novel component that works independently of Kin4 to engage SPOC. Our data indicate that both Kin4 and Mck1 work in parallel to counteract MEN activation by the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network. We show that Mck1's function in SPOC is mediated by the pre-replication complex protein and mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (M-Cdk) inhibitor, Cdc6, which is degraded in a Mck1-dependent manner prior to mitosis. Moderate overproduction of Cdc6 phenocopies MCK1 deletion and causes SPOC deficiency via its N-terminal, M-Cdk inhibitory domain. Our data uncover an unprecedented role of GSK-3 kinases in coordinating spindle orientation with cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Rathi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS) and Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Bonn, Germany
| | - Irem Polat
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Feng W, Wang J, Liu X, Wu H, Liu M, Zhang H, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. Distinctive phosphorylation pattern during mitotic exit network (MEN) regulation is important for the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:41. [PMID: 37676543 PMCID: PMC10441846 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic exit network (MEN) pathway is a vital kinase cascade regulating the timely and correct progress of cell division. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the MEN pathway, consisting of conserved protein kinases MoSep1 and MoMob1-MoDbf2, is important in the development and pathogenicity of the fungus. We found that deletion of MoSEP1 affects the phosphorylation of MoMob1, but not MoDbf2, in contrast to what was found in the buddy yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and verified this finding by in vitro phosphorylation assay and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. We also found that S43 residue is the critical phosphor-site of MoMob1 by MoSep1, and proved that MoSep1-dependent MoMob1 phosphorylation is essential for cell division during the development of M. oryzae. We further provided evidence demonstrating that MoSep1 phosphorylates MoMob1 to maintain the cell cycle during vegetative growth and infection. Taken together, our results revealed that the MEN pathway has both distinct and conservative functions in regulating the cell cycle during the development and pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Nanjing, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haowen Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, and Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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The N-Terminal Domain of Bfa1 Coordinates Mitotic Exit Independent of GAP Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142179. [PMID: 35883622 PMCID: PMC9316867 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) of budding yeast delays mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles to ensure cell survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex Bfa1–Bub2, a key SPOC component, inhibits the GTPase Tem1 to induce mitotic arrest in response to DNA and spindle damage, as well as spindle misorientation. However, previous results strongly suggest that Bfa1 exerts a GAP-independent function in blocking mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles. Thus, the molecular mechanism by which Bfa1 controls mitotic exit in response to misaligned spindles remains unclear. Here, we observed that overexpression of the N-terminal domain of Bfa1 (Bfa1-D16), which lacks GAP activity and cannot localize to the spindle pole body (SPB), induced cell cycle arrest along with hyper-elongation of astral microtubules (aMTs) as Bfa1 overexpression in Δbub2. We found that Δbub2 cells overexpressing Bfa1 or Bfa1-D16 inhibited activation of Mob1, which is responsible for mitotic exit. In anaphase-arrested cells, Bfa1-D16 overexpression inhibited Tem1 binding to the SPB as well as Bfa1 overexpression. Additionally, endogenous levels of Bfa1-D16 showed minor SPOC activity that was not regulated by Kin4. These results suggested that Bfa1-D16 may block mitotic exit through inhibiting Tem1 activity outside of SPBs. Alternatively, Bfa1-D16 dispersed out of SPBs may block Tem1 binding to SPBs by physically interacting with Tem1 as previously reported. Moreover, we observed hyper-elongated aMTs in tem1-3, cdc15-2, and dbf2-2 mutants that induce anaphase arrest and cannot undergo mitotic exit at restrictive temperatures, suggesting that aMT dynamics are closely related to the regulation of mitotic exit. Altogether, these observations suggest that Bfa1 can control the SPOC independent of its GAP activity and SPB localization.
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10
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Vannini M, Mingione VR, Meyer A, Sniffen C, Whalen J, Seshan A. A Novel Hyperactive Nud1 Mitotic Exit Network Scaffold Causes Spindle Position Checkpoint Bypass in Budding Yeast. Cells 2021; 11:46. [PMID: 35011608 PMCID: PMC8750578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic exit is a critical cell cycle transition that requires the careful coordination of nuclear positioning and cyclin B destruction in budding yeast for the maintenance of genome integrity. The mitotic exit network (MEN) is a Ras-like signal transduction pathway that promotes this process during anaphase. A crucial step in MEN activation occurs when the Dbf2-Mob1 protein kinase complex associates with the Nud1 scaffold protein at the yeast spindle pole bodies (SPBs; centrosome equivalents) and thereby becomes activated. This requires prior priming phosphorylation of Nud1 by Cdc15 at SPBs. Cdc15 activation, in turn, requires both the Tem1 GTPase and the Polo kinase Cdc5, but how Cdc15 associates with SPBs is not well understood. We have identified a hyperactive allele of NUD1, nud1-A308T, that recruits Cdc15 to SPBs in all stages of the cell cycle in a CDC5-independent manner. This allele leads to early recruitment of Dbf2-Mob1 during metaphase and requires known Cdc15 phospho-sites on Nud1. The presence of nud1-A308T leads to loss of coupling between nuclear position and mitotic exit in cells with mispositioned spindles. Our findings highlight the importance of scaffold regulation in signaling pathways to prevent improper activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vannini
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Victoria R. Mingione
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | | | - Courtney Sniffen
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Jenna Whalen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Anupama Seshan
- Department of Biology, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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12
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Devault A, Piatti S. Downregulation of the Tem1 GTPase by Amn1 after cytokinesis involves both nuclear import and SCF-mediated degradation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272157. [PMID: 34518877 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At mitotic exit the cell cycle engine is reset to allow crucial processes, such as cytokinesis and replication origin licensing, to take place before a new cell cycle begins. In budding yeast, the cell cycle clock is reset by a Hippo-like kinase cascade called the mitotic exit network (MEN), whose activation is triggered at spindle pole bodies (SPBs) by the Tem1 GTPase. Yet, MEN activity must be extinguished once MEN-dependent processes have been accomplished. One factor contributing to switching off the MEN is the Amn1 protein, which binds Tem1 and inhibits it through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that Amn1 downregulates Tem1 through a dual mode of action. On one side, it evicts Tem1 from SPBs and escorts it into the nucleus. On the other, it promotes Tem1 degradation as part of a Skp, Cullin and F-box-containing (SCF) ubiquitin ligase. Tem1 inhibition by Amn1 takes place after cytokinesis in the bud-derived daughter cell, consistent with its asymmetric appearance in the daughter cell versus the mother cell. This dual mechanism of Tem1 inhibition by Amn1 may contribute to the rapid extinguishing of MEN activity once it has fulfilled its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Devault
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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13
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Mohajan S, Jaiswal PK, Vatanmakarian M, Yousefi H, Sankaralingam S, Alahari SK, Koul S, Koul HK. Hippo pathway: Regulation, deregulation and potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:112-123. [PMID: 33737002 PMCID: PMC10370464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hippo pathway is a master regulator of development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size control. Hippo pathway relays signals from different extracellular and intracellular events to regulate cell behavior and functions. Hippo pathway is conserved from Protista to eukaryotes. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is associated with numerous cancers. Alteration of the Hippo pathway results in cell invasion, migration, disease progression, and therapy resistance in cancers. However, the function of the various components of the mammalian Hippo pathway is yet to be elucidated in detail especially concerning tumor biology. In the present review, we focused on the Hippo pathway in different model organisms, its regulation and deregulation, and possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mohajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Urology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA.
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14
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Yan S, Luo B, He J, Lan F, Wu Y. Phytic acid functionalized magnetic bimetallic metal-organic frameworks for phosphopeptide enrichment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1811-1820. [PMID: 33503098 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly specific enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples was a precondition for further studying its physiological and pathological processes due to the important and trace amounts of phosphopeptides. In this work, phytic acid (PA) functionalized magnetic cerium and zirconium bimetallic metal-organic framework nanocomposites (denoted as Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce-Zr-MOF@PA) were fabricated by a facile yet efficient method. The as-prepared nanomaterial exhibited high sensitivity (0.1 fmol μL-1), high selectivity toward phosphopeptides from β-casein tryptic digests/BSA (1 : 800), and good reusability of five cycles for enriching phosphopeptides. This affinity probe was applied to biological samples, and 19, 4 and 15 phosphopeptides were identified from non-fat milk, human serum and human saliva, respectively. The above marked advantages are attributed to the strong affinity of the abundant Ce-O and Zr-O nanoclusters on the surface of the MOF shell with the improved hydrophilicity from a great number of phosphate groups. Therefore, the novel Fe3O4@SiO2@Ce-Zr-MOF@PA nanospheres could not only enrich phosphopeptides effectively, but also reduce the adsorption of phosphopeptides, manifesting great potential in the identification and further analysis of low abundance phosphopeptides in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jia He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhou X, Li W, Liu Y, Amon A. Cross-compartment signal propagation in the mitotic exit network. eLife 2021; 10:e63645. [PMID: 33481703 PMCID: PMC7822594 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast, the mitotic exit network (MEN), a GTPase signaling cascade, integrates spatial and temporal cues to promote exit from mitosis. This signal integration requires transmission of a signal generated on the cytoplasmic face of spindle pole bodies (SPBs; yeast equivalent of centrosomes) to the nucleolus, where the MEN effector protein Cdc14 resides. Here, we show that the MEN activating signal at SPBs is relayed to Cdc14 in the nucleolus through the dynamic localization of its terminal kinase complex Dbf2-Mob1. Cdc15, the protein kinase that activates Dbf2-Mob1 at SPBs, also regulates its nuclear access. Once in the nucleus, priming phosphorylation of Cfi1/Net1, the nucleolar anchor of Cdc14, by the Polo-like kinase Cdc5 targets Dbf2-Mob1 to the nucleolus. Nucleolar Dbf2-Mob1 then phosphorylates Cfi1/Net1 and Cdc14, activating Cdc14. The kinase-primed transmission of the MEN signal from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus exemplifies how signaling cascades can bridge distant inputs and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhou
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Yale UniversityWest HavenUnited States
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Yale UniversityWest HavenUnited States
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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16
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Hochwagen A, Berchowitz LE. Remembering Angelika Amon (1967–2020). J Cell Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke E. Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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17
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Howell RSM, Klemm C, Thorpe PH, Csikász-Nagy A. Unifying the mechanism of mitotic exit control in a spatiotemporal logical model. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000917. [PMID: 33180788 PMCID: PMC7685450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from mitosis into the first gap phase of the cell cycle in budding yeast is controlled by the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN). The network interprets spatiotemporal cues about the progression of mitosis and ensures that release of Cdc14 phosphatase occurs only after completion of key mitotic events. The MEN has been studied intensively; however, a unified understanding of how localisation and protein activity function together as a system is lacking. In this paper, we present a compartmental, logical model of the MEN that is capable of representing spatial aspects of regulation in parallel to control of enzymatic activity. We show that our model is capable of correctly predicting the phenotype of the majority of mutants we tested, including mutants that cause proteins to mislocalise. We use a continuous time implementation of the model to demonstrate that Cdc14 Early Anaphase Release (FEAR) ensures robust timing of anaphase, and we verify our findings in living cells. Furthermore, we show that our model can represent measured cell-cell variation in Spindle Position Checkpoint (SPoC) mutants. This work suggests a general approach to incorporate spatial effects into logical models. We anticipate that the model itself will be an important resource to experimental researchers, providing a rigorous platform to test hypotheses about regulation of mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan S M Howell
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Klemm
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Thorpe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Csikász-Nagy
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Paulissen SM, Hunt CA, Seitz BC, Slubowski CJ, Yu Y, Mucelli X, Truong D, Wallis Z, Nguyen HT, Newman-Toledo S, Neiman AM, Huang LS. A Noncanonical Hippo Pathway Regulates Spindle Disassembly and Cytokinesis During Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2020; 216:447-462. [PMID: 32788308 PMCID: PMC7536847 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to create haploid yeast spores from a diploid mother cell. During meiosis II, cytokinesis occurs by closure of the prospore membrane, a membrane that initiates at the spindle pole body and grows to surround each of the haploid meiotic products. Timely prospore membrane closure requires SPS1, which encodes an STE20 family GCKIII kinase. To identify genes that may activate SPS1, we utilized a histone phosphorylation defect of sps1 mutants to screen for genes with a similar phenotype and found that cdc15 shared this phenotype. CDC15 encodes a Hippo-like kinase that is part of the mitotic exit network. We find that Sps1 complexes with Cdc15, that Sps1 phosphorylation requires Cdc15, and that CDC15 is also required for timely prospore membrane closure. We also find that SPS1, like CDC15, is required for meiosis II spindle disassembly and sustained anaphase II release of Cdc14 in meiosis. However, the NDR-kinase complex encoded by DBF2/DBF20MOB1 which functions downstream of CDC15 in mitotic cells, does not appear to play a role in spindle disassembly, timely prospore membrane closure, or sustained anaphase II Cdc14 release. Taken together, our results suggest that the mitotic exit network is rewired for exit from meiosis II, such that SPS1 replaces the NDR-kinase complex downstream of CDC15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Paulissen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Cindy A Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Brian C Seitz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | | | - Yao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Dang Truong
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Hung T Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | | | - Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York 11794
| | - Linda S Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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19
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Liu B, Lu Y, Yan Y, Wang C, Ding C, Tang K. Facile Preparation of a Nanocomposite with Bifunctional Groups for the Separation and Analysis of Phosphopeptides in Human Saliva. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Yujie Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Chuan‐Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis Institute of Mass Spectrometry School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
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20
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Geymonat M, Peng Q, Guo Z, Yu Z, Unruh JR, Jaspersen SL, Segal M. Orderly assembly underpinning built-in asymmetry in the yeast centrosome duplication cycle requires cyclin-dependent kinase. eLife 2020; 9:59222. [PMID: 32851976 PMCID: PMC7470843 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric astral microtubule organization drives the polarized orientation of the S. cerevisiae mitotic spindle and primes the invariant inheritance of the old spindle pole body (SPB, the yeast centrosome) by the bud. This model has anticipated analogous centrosome asymmetries featured in self-renewing stem cell divisions. We previously implicated Spc72, the cytoplasmic receptor for the gamma-tubulin nucleation complex, as the most upstream determinant linking SPB age, functional asymmetry and fate. Here we used structured illumination microscopy and biochemical analysis to explore the asymmetric landscape of nucleation sites inherently built into the spindle pathway and under the control of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). We show that CDK enforces Spc72 asymmetric docking by phosphorylating Nud1/centriolin. Furthermore, CDK-imposed order in the construction of the new SPB promotes the correct balance of nucleation sites between the nuclear and cytoplasmic faces of the SPB. Together these contributions by CDK inherently link correct SPB morphogenesis, age and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Geymonat
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuran Peng
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiang Guo
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Sue L Jaspersen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Marisa Segal
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Jiménez J, Queralt E, Posas F, de Nadal E. The regulation of Net1/Cdc14 by the Hog1 MAPK upon osmostress unravels a new mechanism regulating mitosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2105-2118. [PMID: 32794416 PMCID: PMC7513861 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a plethora of mechanisms to optimize survival in a changing and unpredictable environment. In this regard, they have evolved networks that include environmental sensors, signaling transduction molecules and response mechanisms. Hog1 (yeast) and p38 (mammals) stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are activated upon stress and they drive a full collection of cell adaptive responses aimed to maximize survival. SAPKs are extensively used to learn about the mechanisms through which cells adapt to changing environments. In addition to regulating gene expression and metabolism, SAPKs control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to the SAPK-driven regulation of mitosis upon osmostress in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat De Medicina I Ciències De La Salut, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica De Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Parker BW, Gogl G, Bálint M, Hetényi C, Reményi A, Weiss EL. Ndr/Lats Kinases Bind Specific Mob-Family Coactivators through a Conserved and Modular Interface. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1688-1700. [PMID: 32250593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ndr/Lats kinases bind Mob coactivator proteins to form complexes that are essential and evolutionarily conserved components of "Hippo" signaling pathways, which control cell proliferation and morphogenesis in eukaryotes. All Ndr/Lats kinases have a characteristic N-terminal regulatory (NTR) region that binds a specific Mob cofactor: Lats kinases associate with Mob1 proteins, and Ndr kinases associate with Mob2 proteins. To better understand the significance of the association of Mob protein with Ndr/Lats kinases and selective binding of Ndr and Lats to distinct Mob cofactors, we determined crystal structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cbk1NTR-Mob2 and Dbf2NTR-Mob1 and experimentally assessed determinants of Mob cofactor binding and specificity. This allowed a significant improvement in the previously determined structure of Cbk1 kinase bound to Mob2, presently the only crystallographic model of a full length Ndr/Lats kinase complexed with a Mob cofactor. Our analysis indicates that the Ndr/LatsNTR-Mob interface provides a distinctive kinase regulation mechanism, in which the Mob cofactor organizes the Ndr/Lats NTR to interact with the AGC kinase C-terminal hydrophobic motif (HM), which is involved in allosteric regulation. The Mob-organized NTR appears to mediate association of the HM with an allosteric site on the N-terminal kinase lobe. We also found that Cbk1 and Dbf2 associated specifically with Mob2 and Mob1, respectively. Alteration of residues in the Cbk1 NTR allows association of the noncognate Mob cofactor, indicating that cofactor specificity is restricted by discrete sites rather than being broadly distributed. Overall, our analysis provides a new picture of the functional role of Mob association and indicates that the Ndr/LatsNTR-Mob interface is largely a common structural platform that mediates kinase-cofactor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gergo Gogl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mónika Bálint
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric L Weiss
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Campbell IW, Zhou X, Amon A. Spindle pole bodies function as signal amplifiers in the Mitotic Exit Network. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:906-916. [PMID: 32074005 PMCID: PMC7185974 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), a budding yeast Ras-like signal transduction cascade, translates nuclear position into a signal to exit from mitosis. Here we describe how scaffolding the MEN onto spindle pole bodies (SPB—centrosome equivalent) allows the MEN to couple the final stages of mitosis to spindle position. Through the quantitative analysis of the localization of MEN components, we determined the relative importance of MEN signaling from the SPB that is delivered into the daughter cell (dSPB) during anaphase and the SPB that remains in the mother cell. Movement of half of the nucleus into the bud during anaphase causes the active form of the MEN GTPase Tem1 to accumulate at the dSPB. In response to Tem1’s activity at the dSPB, the MEN kinase cascade, which functions downstream of Tem1, accumulates at both SPBs. This localization to both SPBs serves an important role in promoting efficient exit from mitosis. Cells that harbor only one SPB delay exit from mitosis. We propose that MEN signaling is initiated by Tem1 at the dSPB and that association of the downstream MEN kinases with both SPBs serves to amplify MEN signaling, enabling the timely exit from mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Campbell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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24
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Duhart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Laurel A Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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25
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 PMCID: PMC7096357 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel A. Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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26
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Li Y, Liu L, Wu H, Deng C. Magnetic mesoporous silica nanocomposites with binary metal oxides core-shell structure for the selective enrichment of endogenous phosphopeptides from human saliva. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Wang Z, Jiang Y, Wu H, Xie X, Huang B. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Prediction of Long Non-coding RNAs Involved in the Heat Stress Response in Metarhizium robertsii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2336. [PMID: 31649657 PMCID: PMC6794563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in stress responses. To date, only a few studies have reported the role of lncRNAs in insect-pathogenic fungi. Here, we report a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of lncRNAs produced in response to heat stress in Metarhizium robertsii, a model insect-pathogenic fungus, using strand-specific RNA sequencing. A total of 1655 lncRNAs with 1742 isoforms were identified, of which 1081 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were characterized as being heat responsive. By characterizing their genomic structures and expression patterns, we found that the lncRNAs possessed shorter transcripts, fewer exons, and lower expression levels than the protein-coding genes in M. robertsii. Furthermore, target prediction analysis of the lncRNAs revealed thousands of potential DE lncRNA–messenger RNA (mRNA) pairs, among which 5381 pairs function in the cis-regulatory mode. Further pathway enrichment analysis of the corresponding cis-regulated target genes showed that the targets were significantly enriched in the following biological pathways: the Hippo signaling pathway and cell cycle. This finding suggested that these DE lncRNAs control the expression of their corresponding neighboring genes primarily through environmental information processing and cellular processes. Moreover, only 26 trans-regulated lncRNA–mRNA pairs were determined. In addition, among the targets of heat-responsive lncRNAs, two classic genes that may be involved in the response to heat stress were also identified, including hsp70 (XM_007821830 and XM_007825705). These findings expand our knowledge of lncRNAs as important regulators of the response to heat stress in filamentous fungi, including M. robertsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyun Xie
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Játiva S, Calabria I, Moyano-Rodriguez Y, Garcia P, Queralt E. Cdc14 activation requires coordinated Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Net1 and PP2A-Cdc55 at anaphase onset. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3601-3620. [PMID: 30927017 PMCID: PMC11105415 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exit from mitosis and completion of cytokinesis require the inactivation of mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity. In budding yeast, Cdc14 phosphatase is a key mitotic regulator that is activated in anaphase to counteract Cdk activity. In metaphase, Cdc14 is kept inactive in the nucleolus, where it is sequestered by its inhibitor, Net1. At anaphase onset, downregulation of PP2ACdc55 phosphatase by separase and Zds1 protein promotes Net1 phosphorylation and, consequently, Cdc14 release from the nucleolus. The mechanism by which PP2ACdc55 activity is downregulated during anaphase remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that Cdc55 regulatory subunit is phosphorylated in anaphase in a Cdk1-Clb2-dependent manner. Interestingly, cdc55-ED phosphomimetic mutant inactivates PP2ACdc55 phosphatase activity towards Net1 and promotes Cdc14 activation. Separase and Zds1 facilitate Cdk-dependent Net1 phosphorylation and Cdc14 release from the nucleolus by modulating PP2ACdc55 activity via Cdc55 phosphorylation. In addition, human Cdk1-CyclinB1 phosphorylates human B55, indicating that the mechanism is conserved in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Játiva
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Calabria
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Medical Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Moyano-Rodriguez
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gundogdu R, Hergovich A. MOB (Mps one Binder) Proteins in the Hippo Pathway and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060569. [PMID: 31185650 PMCID: PMC6627106 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of MOBs (monopolar spindle-one-binder proteins) is highly conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. MOBs represent globular scaffold proteins without any known enzymatic activities. They can act as signal transducers in essential intracellular pathways. MOBs have diverse cancer-associated cellular functions through regulatory interactions with members of the NDR/LATS kinase family. By forming additional complexes with serine/threonine protein kinases of the germinal centre kinase families, other enzymes and scaffolding factors, MOBs appear to be linked to an even broader disease spectrum. Here, we review our current understanding of this emerging protein family, with emphases on post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and cellular processes that are possibly linked to cancer and other diseases. In particular, we summarise the roles of MOBs as core components of the Hippo tissue growth and regeneration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Gundogdu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Alexander Hergovich
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom.
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30
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Campbell IW, Zhou X, Amon A. The Mitotic Exit Network integrates temporal and spatial signals by distributing regulation across multiple components. eLife 2019; 8:41139. [PMID: 30672733 PMCID: PMC6363386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase signal transduction pathways control cellular decision making by integrating multiple cellular events into a single signal. The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), a Ras-like GTPase signaling pathway, integrates spatial and temporal cues to ensure that cytokinesis only occurs after the genome has partitioned between mother and daughter cells during anaphase. Here we show that signal integration does not occur at a single step of the pathway. Rather, sequential components of the pathway are controlled in series by different signals. The spatial signal, nuclear position, regulates the MEN GTPase Tem1. The temporal signal, commencement of anaphase, is mediated by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation of the GTPase's downstream kinases. We propose that integrating multiple signals through sequential steps in the GTPase pathway represents a generalizable principle in GTPase signaling and explains why intracellular signal transmission is a multi-step process. Serial signal integration rather than signal amplification makes multi-step signal transduction necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Winsten Campbell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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31
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Ohama T. The multiple functions of protein phosphatase 6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Budding Yeast BFA1 Has Multiple Positive Roles in Directing Late Mitotic Events. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3397-3410. [PMID: 30166350 PMCID: PMC6222586 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The proper regulation of cell cycle transitions is paramount to the maintenance of cellular genome integrity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitotic exit network (MEN) is a Ras-like signaling cascade that effects the transition from M phase to G1 during the cell division cycle in budding yeast. MEN activation is tightly regulated. It occurs during anaphase and is coupled to mitotic spindle position by the spindle position checkpoint (SPoC). Bfa1 is a key component of the SPoC and functions as part of a two-component GAP complex along with Bub2 The GAP activity of Bfa1-Bub2 keeps the MEN GTPase Tem1 inactive in cells with mispositioned spindles, thereby preventing inappropriate mitotic exit and preserving genome integrity. Interestingly, a GAP-independent role for Bfa1 in mitotic exit regulation has been previously identified. However the nature of this Bub2-independent role and its biological significance are not understood. Here we show that Bfa1 also activates the MEN by promoting the localization of Tem1 primarily to the daughter spindle pole body (dSPB). We demonstrate that the overexpression of BFA1 is lethal due to defects in Tem1 localization, which is required for its activity. In addition, our studies demonstrate a Tem1-independent role for Bfa1 in promoting proper cytokinesis. Cells lacking TEM1, in which the essential mitotic exit function is bypassed, exhibit cytokinesis defects. These defects are suppressed by the overexpression of BFA1 We conclude that Bfa1 functions to both inhibit and activate late mitotic events.
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33
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Tamborrini D, Juanes MA, Ibanes S, Rancati G, Piatti S. Recruitment of the mitotic exit network to yeast centrosomes couples septin displacement to actomyosin constriction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4308. [PMID: 30333493 PMCID: PMC6193047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotic organisms cytokinesis is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) that guides membrane invagination. What triggers CAR constriction at a precise time of the cell cycle is a fundamental question. In budding yeast CAR is assembled via a septin scaffold at the division site. A Hippo-like kinase cascade, the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), promotes mitotic exit and cytokinesis, but whether and how these two processes are independently controlled by MEN is poorly understood. Here we show that a critical function of MEN is to promote displacement of the septin ring from the division site, which in turn is essential for CAR constriction. This is independent of MEN control over mitotic exit and involves recruitment of MEN components to the spindle pole body (SPB). Ubiquitination of the SPB scaffold Nud1 inhibits MEN signaling at the end of mitosis and prevents septin ring splitting, thus silencing the cytokinetic machinery. The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) promotes mitotic exit and cytokinesis but if and how MEN independently controls these two processes is unclear. Here, the authors report that MEN displaces septins from the cell division site to promote actomyosin ring constriction, independently of MEN control of mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tamborrini
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maria Angeles Juanes
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Sandy Ibanes
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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34
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Activation mechanisms of the Hippo kinase signaling cascade. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171469. [PMID: 30038061 PMCID: PMC6131212 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First discovered two decades ago through genetic screens in Drosophila, the Hippo pathway has been shown to be conserved in metazoans and controls organ size and tissue homeostasis through regulating the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant tissue growth and tumorigenesis. Extensive studies in Drosophila and mammals have identified the core components of Hippo signaling, which form a central kinase cascade to ultimately control gene expression. Here, we review recent structural, biochemical, and cellular studies that have revealed intricate phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms in regulating the formation and activation of the core kinase complex in the Hippo pathway. These studies have established the dimerization-mediated activation of the Hippo kinase (mammalian Ste20-like 1 and 2 (MST1/2) in mammals), the dynamic scaffolding and allosteric roles of adaptor proteins in downstream kinase activation, and the importance of multisite linker autophosphorylation by Hippo and MST1/2 in fine-tuning the signaling strength and robustness of the Hippo pathway. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge in this field that will require further mechanistic studies.
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35
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Xiong S, Lorenzen K, Couzens AL, Templeton CM, Rajendran D, Mao DYL, Juang YC, Chiovitti D, Kurinov I, Guettler S, Gingras AC, Sicheri F. Structural Basis for Auto-Inhibition of the NDR1 Kinase Domain by an Atypically Long Activation Segment. Structure 2018; 26:1101-1115.e6. [PMID: 29983373 PMCID: PMC6087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The human NDR family kinases control diverse aspects of cell growth, and are regulated through phosphorylation and association with scaffolds such as MOB1. Here, we report the crystal structure of the human NDR1 kinase domain in its non-phosphorylated state, revealing a fully resolved atypically long activation segment that blocks substrate binding and stabilizes a non-productive position of helix αC. Consistent with an auto-inhibitory function, mutations within the activation segment of NDR1 dramatically enhance in vitro kinase activity. Interestingly, NDR1 catalytic activity is further potentiated by MOB1 binding, suggesting that regulation through modulation of the activation segment and by MOB1 binding are mechanistically distinct. Lastly, deleting the auto-inhibitory activation segment of NDR1 causes a marked increase in the association with upstream Hippo pathway components and the Furry scaffold. These findings provide a point of departure for future efforts to explore the cellular functions and the mechanism of NDR1.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/chemistry
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serine-Threonine Kinase 3
- Signal Transduction
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Xiong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristina Lorenzen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Amber L Couzens
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Catherine M Templeton
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Dushyandi Rajendran
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Y L Mao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yu-Chi Juang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Chiovitti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, NE-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Bldg. 436E, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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36
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Chen M, Zhang H, Shi Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Gao Z, Zhou L, Ma J, Xu Q, Guan J, Cheng Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. The MST4-MOB4 complex disrupts the MST1-MOB1 complex in the Hippo-YAP pathway and plays a pro-oncogenic role in pancreatic cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14455-14469. [PMID: 30072378 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex has been shown to suppress the oncogenic activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the mammalian Hippo pathway, which is involved in the development of multiple tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, it remains unclear whether other MST-MOB complexes are also involved in regulating Hippo-YAP signaling and have potential roles in PC. Here, we report that mammalian STE20-like kinase 4 (MST4), a distantly related ortholog of the MST1 kinase, forms a complex with MOB4 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We found that the overall structure of the MST4-MOB4 complex resembles that of the MST1-MOB1 complex, even though the two complexes exhibited opposite biological functions in PC. In contrast to the tumor-suppressor effect of the MST1-MOB1 complex, the MST4-MOB4 complex promoted growth and migration of PANC-1 cells. Moreover, expression levels of MST4 and MOB4 were elevated in PC and were positively correlated with each other, whereas MST1 expression was down-regulated. Because of divergent evolution of key interface residues, MST4 and MOB4 could disrupt assembly of the MST1-MOB1 complex through alternative pairing and thereby increased YAP activity. Collectively, these findings identify the MST4-MOB4 complex as a noncanonical regulator of the Hippo-YAP pathway with an oncogenic role in PC. Our findings highlight that although MST-MOB complexes display some structural conservation, they functionally diverged during their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yehua Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Ziyang Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Li Zhou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
| | - Jian Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Qi Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Jingmin Guan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- the Department of Hematology and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, .,the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
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37
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Candida albicans Cdc15 is essential for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8899. [PMID: 29891974 PMCID: PMC5995815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans displays a variety of morphological forms, and the ability to switch forms must be linked with cell cycle control. In budding yeast the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) acts to drive mitotic exit and signal for cytokinesis and cell separation. However, previous reports on the MEN in C. albicans have raised questions on its role in this organism, with the components analysed to date demonstrating differing levels of importance in the processes of mitotic exit, cytokinesis and cell separation. This work focuses on the role of the Cdc15 kinase in C. albicans and demonstrates that, similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it plays an essential role in signalling for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Cells depleted of Cdc15 developed into elongated filaments, a common response to cell cycle arrest in C. albicans. These filaments emerged exclusively from large budded cells, contained two nuclear bodies and exhibited a hyper-extended spindle, all characteristic of these cells failing to exit mitosis. Furthermore these filaments displayed a clear cytokinesis defect, and CDC15 over-expression led to aberrant cell separation following hyphal morphogenesis. Together, these results are consistent with Cdc15 playing an essential role in signalling for mitotic exit, cytokinesis and cell separation in C. albicans.
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38
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Carpenter K, Bell RB, Yunus J, Amon A, Berchowitz LE. Phosphorylation-Mediated Clearance of Amyloid-like Assemblies in Meiosis. Dev Cell 2018; 45:392-405.e6. [PMID: 29738715 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrous protein assemblies that are often described as irreversible and intrinsically pathogenic. However, yeast cells employ amyloid-like assemblies of the RNA-binding protein Rim4 to control translation during meiosis. Here, we show that multi-site phosphorylation of Rim4 is critical for its regulated disassembly and degradation and that failure to clear Rim4 assemblies interferes with meiotic progression. Furthermore, we identify the protein kinase Ime2 to bring about Rim4 clearance via phosphorylation of Rim4's intrinsically disordered region. Rim4 phosphorylation leads to reversal of its amyloid-like properties and degradation by the proteasome. Our data support a model in which a threshold amount of phosphorylation, rather than modification of critical residues, is required for Rim4 clearance. Our results further demonstrate that at least some amyloid-like assemblies are not as irreversible as previously thought. We propose that the natural pathways by which cells process these structures could be deployed to act on disease-related amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Carpenter
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168th Street, Hammer Health Sciences Building, Room 1520, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Brietta Bell
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168th Street, Hammer Health Sciences Building, Room 1520, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julius Yunus
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168th Street, Hammer Health Sciences Building, Room 1520, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke Edwin Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168th Street, Hammer Health Sciences Building, Room 1520, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Miller CJ, Turk BE. Homing in: Mechanisms of Substrate Targeting by Protein Kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:380-394. [PMID: 29544874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most common reversible post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Humans have over 500 protein kinases, of which more than a dozen are established targets for anticancer drugs. All kinases share a structurally similar catalytic domain, yet each one is uniquely positioned within signaling networks controlling essentially all aspects of cell behavior. Kinases are distinguished from one another based on their modes of regulation and their substrate repertoires. Coupling specific inputs to the proper signaling outputs requires that kinases phosphorylate a limited number of sites to the exclusion of hundreds of thousands of off-target phosphorylation sites. Here, we review recent progress in understanding mechanisms of kinase substrate specificity and how they function to shape cellular signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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40
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Scarfone I, Piatti S. Coupling spindle position with mitotic exit in budding yeast: The multifaceted role of the small GTPase Tem1. Small GTPases 2018; 6:196-201. [PMID: 26507466 PMCID: PMC4905282 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2015.1109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast S. cerevisiae divides asymmetrically and is an excellent model system for asymmetric cell division. As for other asymmetrically dividing cells, proper spindle positioning along the mother-daughter polarity axis is crucial for balanced chromosome segregation. Thus, a surveillance mechanism named Spindle Position Checkpoint (SPOC) inhibits mitotic exit and cytokinesis until the mitotic spindle is properly oriented, thereby preventing the generation of cells with aberrant ploidies. The small GTPase Tem1 is required to trigger a Hippo-like protein kinase cascade, named Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), that is essential for mitotic exit and cytokinesis but also contributes to correct spindle alignment in metaphase. Importantly, Tem1 is the target of the SPOC, which relies on the activity of the GTPase-activating complex (GAP) Bub2-Bfa1 to keep Tem1 in the GDP-bound inactive form. Tem1 forms a hetero-trimeric complex with Bub2-Bfa1 at spindle poles (SPBs) that accumulates asymmetrically on the bud-directed spindle pole during mitosis when the spindle is properly positioned. In contrast, the complex remains symmetrically localized on both poles of misaligned spindles. We have recently shown that Tem1 residence at SPBs depends on its nucleotide state and, importantly, asymmetry of the Bub2-Bfa1-Tem1 complex does not promote mitotic exit but rather controls spindle positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Scarfone
- a Centre de Recherche en Biochimie Macromoleculaire-CNRS ; Montpellier , France.,b Present address: LPCV, iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, 17 Rue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- a Centre de Recherche en Biochimie Macromoleculaire-CNRS ; Montpellier , France
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41
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Lengefeld J, Yen E, Chen X, Leary A, Vogel J, Barral Y. Spatial cues and not spindle pole maturation drive the asymmetry of astral microtubules between new and preexisting spindle poles. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:10-28. [PMID: 29142076 PMCID: PMC5746063 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct behavior of the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) during spindle orientation in yeast metaphase does not result from them being differently mature, but astral microtubule organization correlates with the subcellular position rather than the age of the SPBs. In many asymmetrically dividing cells, the microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs; mammalian centrosome and yeast spindle pole body [SPB]) nucleate more astral microtubules on one of the two spindle poles than the other. This differential activity generally correlates with the age of MTOCs and contributes to orienting the mitotic spindle within the cell. The asymmetry might result from the two MTOCs being in distinctive maturation states. We investigated this model in budding yeast. Using fluorophores with different maturation kinetics to label the outer plaque components of the SPB, we found that the Cnm67 protein is mobile, whereas Spc72 is not. However, these two proteins were rapidly as abundant on both SPBs, indicating that SPBs mature more rapidly than anticipated. Superresolution microscopy confirmed this finding for Spc72 and for the γ-tubulin complex. Moreover, astral microtubule number and length correlated with the subcellular localization of SPBs rather than their age. Kar9-dependent orientation of the spindle drove the differential activity of the SPBs in astral microtubule organization rather than intrinsic differences between the spindle poles. Together, our data establish that Kar9 and spatial cues, rather than the kinetics of SPB maturation, control the asymmetry of astral microtubule organization between the preexisting and new SPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Lengefeld
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Yen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Xiuzhen Chen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Allen Leary
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jackie Vogel
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Yves Barral
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Kulaberoglu Y, Lin K, Holder M, Gai Z, Gomez M, Assefa Shifa B, Mavis M, Hoa L, Sharif AAD, Lujan C, Smith ESJ, Bjedov I, Tapon N, Wu G, Hergovich A. Stable MOB1 interaction with Hippo/MST is not essential for development and tissue growth control. Nat Commun 2017; 8:695. [PMID: 28947795 PMCID: PMC5612953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is essential for development and tissue growth control, encompassing a core cassette consisting of the Hippo (MST1/2), Warts (LATS1/2), and Tricornered (NDR1/2) kinases together with MOB1 as an important signaling adaptor. However, it remains unclear which regulatory interactions between MOB1 and the different Hippo core kinases coordinate development, tissue growth, and tumor suppression. Here, we report the crystal structure of the MOB1/NDR2 complex and define key MOB1 residues mediating MOB1's differential binding to Hippo core kinases, thereby establishing MOB1 variants with selective loss-of-interaction. By studying these variants in human cancer cells and Drosophila, we uncovered that MOB1/Warts binding is essential for tumor suppression, tissue growth control, and development, while stable MOB1/Hippo binding is dispensable and MOB1/Trc binding alone is insufficient. Collectively, we decrypt molecularly, cell biologically, and genetically the importance of the diverse interactions of Hippo core kinases with the pivotal MOB1 signal transducer.The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is essential for development and tissue growth control. Here the authors employ a multi-disciplinary approach to characterize the interactions of the three Hippo kinases with the signaling adaptor MOB1 and show how they differently affect development, tissue growth and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Kulaberoglu
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Kui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Maxine Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1BF, UK
| | - Zhongchao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Marta Gomez
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Belul Assefa Shifa
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Merdiye Mavis
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lily Hoa
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ahmad A D Sharif
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Celia Lujan
- Molecular Biology of Cancer laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- Molecular Biology of Cancer laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1BF, UK
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Alexander Hergovich
- Tumour Suppressor Signalling Network Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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43
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Javadi A, Deevi RK, Evergren E, Blondel-Tepaz E, Baillie GS, Scott MGH, Campbell FC. PTEN controls glandular morphogenesis through a juxtamembrane β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21 scaffolding complex. eLife 2017; 6:e24578. [PMID: 28749339 PMCID: PMC5576923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN controls three-dimensional (3D) glandular morphogenesis by coupling juxtamembrane signaling to mitotic spindle machinery. While molecular mechanisms remain unclear, PTEN interacts through its C2 membrane-binding domain with the scaffold protein β-Arrestin1. Because β-Arrestin1 binds and suppresses the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP21, we hypothesize that PTEN controls Cdc42 -dependent morphogenic processes through a β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 complex. Here, we show that PTEN knockdown (KD) impairs β-Arrestin1 membrane localization, β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions, Cdc42 activation, mitotic spindle orientation and 3D glandular morphogenesis. Effects of PTEN deficiency were phenocopied by β-Arrestin1 KD or inhibition of β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions. Conversely, silencing of ARHGAP21 enhanced Cdc42 activation and rescued aberrant morphogenic processes of PTEN-deficient cultures. Expression of the PTEN C2 domain mimicked effects of full-length PTEN but a membrane-binding defective mutant of the C2 domain abrogated these properties. Our results show that PTEN controls multicellular assembly through a membrane-associated regulatory protein complex composed of β-Arrestin1, ARHGAP21 and Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Javadi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Ravi K Deevi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Elodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- CNRS, UMR8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotland
| | - Mark GH Scott
- Inserm, U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- CNRS, UMR8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Frederick C Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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44
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Geymonat M, Segal M. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants Linking Spindle Pole Fate, Spindle Polarity, and Asymmetric Cell Division in the Budding Yeast S. cerevisiae. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:49-82. [PMID: 28409300 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The budding yeast S. cerevisiae is a powerful model to understand the multiple layers of control driving an asymmetric cell division. In budding yeast, asymmetric targeting of the spindle poles to the mother and bud cell compartments respectively orients the mitotic spindle along the mother-bud axis. This program exploits an intrinsic functional asymmetry arising from the age distinction between the spindle poles-one inherited from the preceding division and the other newly assembled. Extrinsic mechanisms convert this age distinction into differential fate. Execution of this program couples spindle orientation with the segregation of the older spindle pole to the bud. Remarkably, similar stereotyped patterns of inheritance occur in self-renewing stem cell divisions underscoring the general importance of studying spindle polarity and differential fate in yeast. Here, we review the mechanisms accounting for this pivotal interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic asymmetries that translate spindle pole age into differential fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Geymonat
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Marisa Segal
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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45
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Abstract
Proper cellular functionality and homeostasis are maintained by the convergent integration of various signaling cascades, which enable cells to respond to internal and external changes. The Dbf2-related kinases LATS1 and LATS2 (LATS) have emerged as central regulators of cell fate, by modulating the functions of numerous oncogenic or tumor suppressive effectors, including the canonical Hippo effectors YAP/TAZ, the Aurora mitotic kinase family, estrogen signaling and the tumor suppressive transcription factor p53. While the basic functions of the LATS kinase module are strongly conserved over evolution, the genomic duplication event leading to the emergence of two closely related kinases in higher organisms has increased the complexity of this signaling network. Here, we review the LATS1 and LATS2 intrinsic features as well as their reported cellular activities, emphasizing unique characteristics of each kinase. While differential activities between the two paralogous kinases have been reported, many converge to similar pathways and outcomes. Interestingly, the regulatory networks controlling the mRNA expression pattern of LATS1 and LATS2 differ strongly, and may contribute to the differences in protein binding partners of each kinase and in the subcellular locations in which each kinase exerts its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, POB 26, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, POB 26, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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46
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Leroux AE, Schulze JO, Biondi RM. AGC kinases, mechanisms of regulation and innovative drug development. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:1-17. [PMID: 28591657 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The group of AGC kinases consists of 63 evolutionarily related serine/threonine protein kinases comprising PDK1, PKB/Akt, SGK, PKC, PRK/PKN, MSK, RSK, S6K, PKA, PKG, DMPK, MRCK, ROCK, NDR, LATS, CRIK, MAST, GRK, Sgk494, and YANK, while two other families, Aurora and PLK, are the most closely related to the group. Eight of these families are physiologically activated downstream of growth factor signalling, while other AGC kinases are downstream effectors of a wide range of signals. The different AGC kinase families share aspects of their mechanisms of inhibition and activation. In the present review, we update the knowledge of the mechanisms of regulation of different AGC kinases. The conformation of the catalytic domain of many AGC kinases is regulated allosterically through the modulation of the conformation of a regulatory site on the small lobe of the kinase domain, the PIF-pocket. The PIF-pocket acts like an ON-OFF switch in AGC kinases with different modes of regulation, i.e. PDK1, PKB/Akt, LATS and Aurora kinases. In this review, we make emphasis on how the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of regulation can guide the discovery and development of small allosteric modulators. Molecular probes stabilizing the PIF-pocket in the active conformation are activators, while compounds stabilizing the disrupted site are allosteric inhibitors. One challenge for the rational development of allosteric modulators is the lack of complete structural information of the inhibited forms of full-length AGC kinases. On the other hand, we suggest that the available information derived from molecular biology and biochemical studies can already guide screening strategies for the identification of innovative mode of action molecular probes and the development of selective allosteric drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Leroux
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina.
| | - Jörg O Schulze
- Research Group PhosphoSites, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ricardo M Biondi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina; Research Group PhosphoSites, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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47
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Jiang YY, Maier W, Baumeister R, Minevich G, Joachimiak E, Ruan Z, Kannan N, Clarke D, Frankel J, Gaertig J. The Hippo Pathway Maintains the Equatorial Division Plane in the Ciliate Tetrahymena. Genetics 2017; 206:873-888. [PMID: 28413159 PMCID: PMC5499192 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern pattern formation within the cell are poorly understood. Ciliates carry on their surface an elaborate pattern of cortical organelles that are arranged along the anteroposterior and circumferential axes by largely unknown mechanisms. Ciliates divide by tandem duplication: the cortex of the predivision cell is remodeled into two similarly sized and complete daughters. In the conditional cdaI-1 mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila, the division plane migrates from its initially correct equatorial position toward the cell's anterior, resulting in unequal cell division, and defects in nuclear divisions and cytokinesis. We used comparative whole genome sequencing to identify the cause of cdaI-1 as a mutation in a Hippo/Mst kinase. CdaI is a cortical protein with a cell cycle-dependent, highly polarized localization. Early in cell division, CdaI marks the anterior half of the cell, and later concentrates at the posterior end of the emerging anterior daughter. Despite the strong association of CdaI with the new posterior cell end, the cdaI-1 mutation does not affect the patterning of the new posterior cortical organelles. We conclude that, in Tetrahymena, the Hippo pathway maintains an equatorial position of the fission zone, and, by this activity, specifies the relative dimensions of the anterior and posterior daughter cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Jiang
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Bio3/Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology) and ZMBZ (Faculty of Medicine)
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Bio3/Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology) and ZMBZ (Faculty of Medicine)
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Germany
| | - Gregory Minevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Diamond Clarke
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Joseph Frankel
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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48
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The Mitotic Exit Network Regulates Spindle Pole Body Selection During Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 206:919-937. [PMID: 28450458 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.194522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-based inheritance of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells is associated with faithful chromosome distribution in asymmetric cell divisions. During Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospore formation, such an inheritance mechanism targets the yeast centrosome equivalents, the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) at meiosis II onset. Decreased nutrient availability causes initiation of spore formation at only the younger SPBs and their associated genomes. This mechanism ensures encapsulation of nonsister genomes, which preserves genetic diversity and provides a fitness advantage at the population level. Here, by usage of an enhanced system for sporulation-induced protein depletion, we demonstrate that the core mitotic exit network (MEN) is involved in age-based SPB selection. Moreover, efficient genome inheritance requires Dbf2/20-Mob1 during a late step in spore maturation. We provide evidence that the meiotic functions of the MEN are more complex than previously thought. In contrast to mitosis, completion of the meiotic divisions does not strictly rely on the MEN whereas its activity is required at different time points during spore development. This is reminiscent of vegetative MEN functions in spindle polarity establishment, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. In summary, our investigation contributes to the understanding of age-based SPB inheritance during sporulation of S. cerevisiae and provides general insights on network plasticity in the context of a specialized developmental program. Moreover, the improved system for a developmental-specific tool to induce protein depletion will be useful in other biological contexts.
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49
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Xiong S, Couzens AL, Kean MJ, Mao DY, Guettler S, Kurinov I, Gingras AC, Sicheri F. Regulation of Protein Interactions by Mps One Binder (MOB1) Phosphorylation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1111-1125. [PMID: 28373297 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m117.068130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MOB1 is a multifunctional protein best characterized for its integrative role in regulating Hippo and NDR pathway signaling in metazoans and the Mitotic Exit Network in yeast. Human MOB1 binds both the upstream kinases MST1 and MST2 and the downstream AGC group kinases LATS1, LATS2, NDR1, and NDR2. Binding of MOB1 to MST1 and MST2 is mediated by its phosphopeptide-binding infrastructure, the specificity of which matches the phosphorylation consensus of MST1 and MST2. On the other hand, binding of MOB1 to the LATS and NDR kinases is mediated by a distinct interaction surface on MOB1. By assembling both upstream and downstream kinases into a single complex, MOB1 facilitates the activation of the latter by the former through a trans-phosphorylation event. Binding of MOB1 to its upstream partners also renders MOB1 a substrate, which serves to differentially regulate its two protein interaction activities (at least in vitro). Our previous interaction proteomics analysis revealed that beyond associating with MST1 (and MST2), MOB1A and MOB1B can associate in a phosphorylation-dependent manner with at least two other signaling complexes, one containing the Rho guanine exchange factors (DOCK6-8) and the other containing the serine/threonine phosphatase PP6. Whether these complexes are recruited through the same mode of interaction as MST1 and MST2 remains unknown. Here, through a comprehensive set of biochemical, biophysical, mutational and structural studies, we quantitatively assess how phosphorylation of MOB1A regulates its interaction with both MST kinases and LATS/NDR family kinases in vitro Using interaction proteomics, we validate the significance of our in vitro studies and also discover that the phosphorylation-dependent recruitment of PP6 phosphatase and Rho guanine exchange factor protein complexes differ in key respects from that elucidated for MST1 and MST2. Together our studies confirm and extend previous work to delineate the intricate regulatory steps in key signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Xiong
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.,§Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Amber L Couzens
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Michelle J Kean
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Daniel Y Mao
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.,¶The Institute of Cancer Research, Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, London, UK, SW7 3RP
| | - Igor Kurinov
- ‖NE-CAT APS, Building 436E, Argonne National Lab, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5; .,**Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Frank Sicheri
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5; .,§Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.,**Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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50
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Couzens AL, Xiong S, Knight JDR, Mao DY, Guettler S, Picaud S, Kurinov I, Filippakopoulos P, Sicheri F, Gingras AC. MOB1 Mediated Phospho-recognition in the Core Mammalian Hippo Pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1098-1110. [PMID: 28373298 PMCID: PMC5461540 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway regulates organ size and tissue homoeostasis in response to diverse signaling inputs. The core of the pathway consists of a short kinase cascade: MST1 and MST2 phosphorylate and activate LATS1 and LATS2, which in turn phosphorylate and inactivate key transcriptional coactivators, YAP1 and TAZ (gene WWTR1). The MOB1 adapter protein regulates both phosphorylation reactions firstly by concurrently binding to the upstream MST and downstream LATS kinases to enable the trans phosphorylation reaction, and secondly by allosterically activating the catalytic function of LATS1 and LATS2 to directly stimulate phosphorylation of YAP and TAZ. Studies of yeast Mob1 and human MOB1 revealed that the ability to recognize phosphopeptide sequences in their interactors, Nud1 and MST2 respectively, was critical to their roles in regulating the Mitotic Exit Network in yeast and the Hippo pathway in metazoans. However, the underlying rules of phosphopeptide recognition by human MOB1, the implications of binding specificity for Hippo pathway signaling, and the generality of phosphopeptide binding function to other human MOB family members remained elusive. Employing proteomics, peptide arrays and biochemical analyses, we systematically examine the phosphopeptide binding specificity of MOB1 and find it to be highly complementary to the substrate phosphorylation specificity of MST1 and MST2. We demonstrate that autophosphorylation of MST1 and MST2 on several threonine residues provides multiple MOB1 binding sites with varying binding affinities which in turn contribute to a redundancy of MST1-MOB1 protein interactions in cells. The crystal structures of MOB1A in complex with two favored phosphopeptide sites in MST1 allow for a full description of the MOB1A phosphopeptide-binding consensus. Lastly, we show that the phosphopeptide binding properties of MOB1A are conserved in all but one of the seven MOB family members in humans, thus providing a starting point for uncovering their elusive cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Couzens
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Shawn Xiong
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.,§Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - James D R Knight
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Daniel Y Mao
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.,¶New address: The Institute of Cancer Research, Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, London, UK, SW7 3RP
| | - Sarah Picaud
- ‖Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Igor Kurinov
- **NE-CAT APS, Building 436E, Argonne National Lab, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- ‖Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,‡‡Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Frank Sicheri
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5, .,§Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.,§§Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- From the ‡Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5, .,§§Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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