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Heiberg A. A comparative study of different electrophoretic techniques for classification of hereditary hyperlipoproteinaemias. Clin Genet 2008; 4:450-60. [PMID: 4127396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1973.tb01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Anwar M. The Successful Use of Cellulose Acetate Membrane for Very Low Density Lipoprotein Isolation and Cholesterol Quantitation. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anwar M, Iqbal J. Lipoprotein Isolation on Cellulose Acetate Membrane for Cholesterol Estimation from Blood Samples of Cardiac Patients. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Poly WJ. Nongenetic variation, genetic-environmental interactions and altered gene expression. II. Disease, parasite and pollution effects. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 117:61-74. [PMID: 9180015 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(96)00329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of protein electrophoretic data for determining the relationships among species or populations is widespread and generally accepted. However, there are many confounding factors that may alter the results of an electrophoretic study and may possibly allow erroneous conclusions to be drawn in taxonomic, systematic or population studies. Measured enzyme activities can also be affected significantly. Parasites, disease and pollution can affect levels of enzyme activity, and electrophoretic results can be affected both quantitatively and qualitatively. Blood serum is particularly vulnerable to variation to variation due to disease, pollution or parasites because damaged tissues may release tissue-specific enzymes into the bloodstream. Capture, handling, chemical treatments, bacteria, natural toxins and consumed food may also contribute to variation. Potential pollution impacts at specimen collection sites should be investigated, and study organisms should be inspected and/or treated for detection and elimination of parasites and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Poly
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-6501, USA.
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Madison DL, Scrofano MM, Ireland RC, Loomis SH. Purification and partial characterization of an ice nucleator protein from the intertidal gastropod, Melampus bidentatus. Cryobiology 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0011-2240(91)90058-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lillehoj EP, Malik VS. High-resolution electrophoretic purification and structural microanalysis of peptides and proteins. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1991; 36:279-338. [PMID: 1877382 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E P Lillehoj
- Cambridge Biotech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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Neven LG, Duman JG, Low MG, Sehl LC, Castellino FJ. Purification and characterization of an insect hemolymph lipoprotein ice nucleator: evidence for the importance of phosphatidylinositol and apolipoprotein in the ice nucleator activity. J Comp Physiol B 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00692685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee LT, Lefevre M, Wong L, Roheim PS, Thompson JJ. Gradient acrylamide/agarose gels for electrophoretic separation of intact human very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, lipoprotein a, and low density lipoproteins. Anal Biochem 1987; 162:420-6. [PMID: 2440347 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An exponential gradient gel with 0-10% acrylamide and 0.5% agarose was developed for electrophoresis of intact high molecular weight lipoproteins. This system resolves very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, lipoprotein a, and low density lipoproteins in a size-dependent fashion. The characteristic relative mobility of these species can be determined in relation to protein and colloidal gold reference materials. Electron microscopy of selected lipoprotein fractions confirmed that relative mobility was related to apparent lipoprotein diameter. The composite gel medium can be used with prestained lipoproteins and permits immunoelectroblotting for qualitative analysis of apolipoprotein constituents.
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Makino K, Sasaki I, Takeuchi T, Umino M, Hara I. A Bioreactor Used for the On-Line Determination of Cholesterol Distribution in Human Serum Lipoprotein Classes. CHEM LETT 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1986.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Diffley P, Straus DC. Biochemical and immunological characterization of the variant surface coat glycoprotein shed by African trypanosomes. Infect Immun 1986; 53:166-72. [PMID: 3721578 PMCID: PMC260092 DOI: 10.1128/iai.53.1.166-172.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the variant surface coat glycoprotein (VSG) was shed from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense into the blood of infected rats, it was biochemically characterized and compared with VSG that had been purified from trypanosomal homogenates. To determine if VSG was in association with lipid, membranes and lipoproteins in plasma of infected rats (IRP), VSG isolated from plasma (PVSG), and VSG isolated from trypanosomal homogenates (HVSG) were all concentrated by ultracentrifugation and assayed for the presence of VSG by radial immunodiffusion (minimum level of detection, 25 micrograms/ml) and by immunoelectroblots (minimum level of detection, 1 microgram/ml). Crimson red was used to detect lipid (minimum level of detection, 10 micrograms per sample) in electrophoresed samples. The VSG was neither concentrated with membrane or lipoprotein fractions nor stained by lipid crimson. Lipids from normal rat plasma, IRP, trypanosomal homogenates, HVSG, and PVSG were also extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography (minimum level of detection, 20 micrograms of trypanosomal phospholipid per sample). The trypanosomal homogenates had five bands as detected by iodine vapors, of which three were phospholipids as detected by molybdenum blue. Both normal rat plasma and IRP had identical patterns of bands with a single phospholipid. The PVSG had one neutral lipid contaminant that apparently was not physically associated with the shed surface coat. The HVSG contained no lipids at all. Therefore, no evidence was obtained to implicate an association between membranes and VSG, once the latter had been shed into the blood of infected hosts. From immunoelectroblots of denatured material, it was determined that both HVSG and PVSG had the same reduced molecular weight. From molecular sieve column chromatography, however, it was determined that VSG released during the homogenization of trypanosomes is a noncovalently linked dimer, whereas that shed in the blood is apparently a trimer. This difference in native structure made no difference in immunological effect. Administered in a regimen that mimicked what the host encounters during a first peak of parasitemia, both HVSG and PVSG induced nonspecific proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and production of unelicited antibodies without the generation of nonspecific immunosuppression. This polyclonal activation of lymphocytes was not the result of contamination by exogenous pyrogen, because the activity was lost if VSG was immunologically absorbed from plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Overwintering adaptations of the stag beetle,Ceruchus piceus: removal of ice nucleators in the winter to promote supercooling. J Comp Physiol B 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00692749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lakshmanan FL, Howe JC, Barnes RE. Effect of dietary protein level and kind of carbohydrate on growth and selected pathological and biochemical parameters in female BHE rats. Nutr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(83)80100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Masler EP, Fuchs MS, Sage B, O'Connor JD. Endocrine regulation of ovarian development in the autogenous mosquito, Aedes atropalpus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 41:250-9. [PMID: 7419049 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(80)90151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Iacono JM, Marshall MW, Dougherty RM, Wheeler MA. Reduction in blood pressure associated with high polyunsaturated fat diets that reduce blood cholesterol in man. Prev Med 1975; 4:426-43. [PMID: 1208358 DOI: 10.1016/0091-7435(75)90031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Feliste R, Dousset N, Douste-Blazy L. [Separation of human plasma lipoproteins by polyacrylamide mixed gel electrophoresis (author's transl)]. Clin Chim Acta 1973; 47:329-33. [PMID: 4355410 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(73)90264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Boquillon M, Paris R, Clement J. Composition, particle size and role in dietary fat transport of two different lipoproteins of the intestinal lymph. Lipids 1972; 7:409-14. [PMID: 4338918 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Melish JS, Waterhouse C. Concentration gradient electrophoresis of plasma from patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia. J Lipid Res 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Huismans BD, Felgenhauer K. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of unsaturated serum lipoproteins following disc electrophoresis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 248:330-2. [PMID: 4108655 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(71)90021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lopez A, Srinivasan SR, Dugan FA, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Detection of subtle abnormalities of serum beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins in "normal" individuals by turbidimetric and electrophoretic methods. Clin Chim Acta 1971; 31:123-32. [PMID: 5544043 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(71)90369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wollenweber J, Kahlke W. [Comparative serum lipoprotein analysis by polyacrylamide disc gel and gel electrophoresis]. Clin Chim Acta 1970; 29:411-20. [PMID: 5496563 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fielding CJ. Human lipoprotein lipase. II. Inhibition of enzyme activity by plasma low density lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 206:118-24. [PMID: 5441399 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dulaney JT, Touster O. The solubilization and gel electrophoresis of membrane enzymes by use of detergents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 196:29-34. [PMID: 4312697 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(70)90162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dearborn DG, Wetlaufer DB. Reversible thermal conformation changes in human serum low-density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 62:179-85. [PMID: 5253655 PMCID: PMC285971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.62.1.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum beta(1) (LDL(2)) lipoprotein was preparatively divided into three subfractions on the basis of density, and the protein conformation was investigated by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism. The protein conformation was found to vary substantially as a function of lipid composition and temperature in a gradual and reversible manner. Surprisingly, the reversible temperature range includes physiological temperature. From the character of the spectra, it appears that alpha-helix, disordered, and beta conformations can be present in the protein moiety. The presence of these conformations and their distribution appears to depend upon both lipid content and temperature. The importance of this conformational flexibility in its relation to the role of the lipoprotein in lipid transport is discussed.
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Pratt JJ, Dangerfield WG. Polyacrylamide gels of increasing concentration gradient for the electrophoresis of lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta 1969; 23:189-201. [PMID: 4178398 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(69)90026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cohen L, Djordjevich J. Human serum α-1-lipoprotein patterns revealed by starch gel electrophoresis. Lipids 1968; 3:420-4. [PMID: 17805821 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/1968] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of different serum alpha-1-lipoproteins patterns was made possible by improved lipoprotein staining and separation methods. Three common and some less common patterns were found. The common alpha-1-lipoprotein patterns, here called S, M and F, were found to differ in their relative frequency in men and women, and to be associated with significantly different serum alpha-1-lipoprotein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Zwaan J, Maki TN. Haptoglobin-haemoglobin complexes studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nature 1968; 218:476-8. [PMID: 5649703 DOI: 10.1038/218476a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Prosky L, O'Dell RG, Libby DA, Flick DF. Lipoprotein staining following polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of chick serum. Poult Sci 1968; 47:185-9. [PMID: 5689499 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0470185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Practical Methods for Plasma Lipoprotein Analysis1 1Work supported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and by grants (HE06222 and FR00102) from the U.S. Public Health Service. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9942-9.50008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Narayan K. The influence of polyacrylamide concentration on human and rat serum lipoprotein patterns. Anal Biochem 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(67)90120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Narayan KA, Dudacek WE, Kummerow FA. Disk electrophoresis of isolated rat-serum lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 125:581-90. [PMID: 4166156 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(66)90045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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