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Mbata GN, Li Y, Warsi S, Simmons AM. Susceptibility of Yellow Squash and Zucchini Cultivars to the Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (MEAM1), in the Southeastern United States. INSECTS 2024; 15:429. [PMID: 38921145 PMCID: PMC11203934 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), causes significant losses to vegetable crops directly by sap-feeding, inducing plant physiological disorders, and elevating the build-up of sooty mold, and indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of 20 yellow squash and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivars to MEAM1, across three growing seasons in the southeastern United States. Weekly sampling of the numbers of MEAM1 adults, nymphs, and eggs were conducted from the fourth week after seed sowing and across 6 weeks during the summer and fall of 2021 and five weeks during the fall of 2022. In general, adult whitefly populations were high during the first week of sampling but decreased as the seasons progressed. The zucchini cultivar 'Black Beauty' harbored the most adults, while 'Green Eclipse Zucchini' was the least attractive zucchini cultivar to the adults in fall 2022. For yellow squash, 'Early Summer' (summer 2021) and 'Amberpic 8455' (summer 2021 and fall 2022) were the cultivars with the highest adult populations, while 'Lioness' (summer 2021) and 'Gourmet Gold Hybrid' (fall 2022) harbored the lowest adult counts. The whitefly egg counts across both vegetables trailed those of adults and peaked in the second week of sampling. The counts of nymphs increased as the seasons progressed, but there was a decline after the second week during fall 2021. For the yellow squash cultivars, 'Gourmet Gold Hybrid', (summer 2021 and fall 2022), 'Lioness', and 'Fortune' (summer 2021) recorded the highest yields. For zucchini, 'Golden Glory' (summer 2021) was the top performer. These results provide valuable information for whitefly management in yellow squash and zucchini based on host plant susceptibility and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Mbata
- Entomology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Yinping Li
- Entomology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sanower Warsi
- Entomology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, 1005 State University Drive, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA; (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
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2
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Bhar S, Yoon CS, Mai K, Han J, Prajapati DV, Wang Y, Steffen CL, Bailey LS, Basso KB, Butcher RA. An acyl-CoA thioesterase is essential for the biosynthesis of a key dauer pheromone in C. elegans. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1011-1022.e6. [PMID: 38183989 PMCID: PMC11102344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Methyl ketone (MK)-ascarosides represent essential components of several pheromones in Caenorhabditis elegans, including the dauer pheromone, which triggers the stress-resistant dauer larval stage, and the male-attracting sex pheromone. Here, we identify an acyl-CoA thioesterase, ACOT-15, that is required for the biosynthesis of MK-ascarosides. We propose a model in which ACOT-15 hydrolyzes the β-keto acyl-CoA side chain of an ascaroside intermediate during β-oxidation, leading to decarboxylation and formation of the MK. Using comparative metabolomics, we identify additional ACOT-15-dependent metabolites, including an unusual piperidyl-modified ascaroside, reminiscent of the alkaloid pelletierine. The β-keto acid generated by ACOT-15 likely couples to 1-piperideine to produce the piperidyl ascaroside, which is much less dauer-inducing than the dauer pheromone, asc-C6-MK (ascr#2, 1). The bacterial food provided influences production of the piperidyl ascaroside by the worm. Our work shows how the biosynthesis of MK- and piperidyl ascarosides intersect and how bacterial food may impact chemical signaling in the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Bhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jungsoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dilip V Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Candy L Steffen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kari B Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rebecca A Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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3
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Weeraddana CDS, Wijesundara R, Hillier W, Swanburg T, Hillier NK, Wang HV, Faraone N, Wolfe S, McCartney C, Wist T, Costamagna AC. Volatile Organic Compounds Mediate Host Selection of Wheat Midge, Sitodiplosis Mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) between Preanthesis and Postanthesis Stages of Wheat. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01492-z. [PMID: 38713322 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a significant wheat pest in the Prairie Provinces of Canada and northern regions of the USA. Wheat phenology plays a critical role in wheat midge oviposition. We hypothesized that S. mosellana oviposition behaviour is influenced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by wheat at two adjacent wheat growth stages: preanthesis and postanthesis. A higher number of S. mosellana eggs laid on preanthesis than postanthesis spikes in an oviposition choice experiment using the susceptible spring wheat cultivar 'Roblin'. In preanthesis, wheat emitted higher amounts of Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3-06:OAc) than at the postanthesis stage. Higher amounts of methyl ketones such as 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, and 2-undecanone were emitted by wheat in the postanthesis stage and these VOCs were sensitive to S. mosellana antennae used in the Gas Chromatography-Electroantennographic Detection. Females were attracted to synthetic Z3-06:OAc but were deterred by 2-tridecanone relative to the solvent control in the vertical Y-tube olfactometer. 2-Undecanone and 2-pentadecanone did not show any attractiveness or deterrence. In a no-choice oviposition experiment, fewer eggs were laid in preanthesis wheat exposed to a synthetic VOC blend of Z3-06:OAc, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone at the concentrations released by postanthesis spikes. This study shows that the reduction of Z3-06:OAc, in the VOC mix, and possibly the increase in 2-tridecanone, are likely responsible for the reduction in oviposition on postanthesis wheat. These results elucidate for the first time the role of specific VOCs mediating S. mosellana oviposition in preanthesis and postanthesis wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ramya Wijesundara
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wendy Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Taylor Swanburg
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Haozhe V Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Faraone
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Sheila Wolfe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - Curt McCartney
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Agriculture Building, 66 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tyler Wist
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Alejandro C Costamagna
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 217 Animal Science/Entomology Bldg, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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4
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Planelló R, Aquilino M, Beaugeard L, Llorente L, Herrero Ó, Siaussat D, Lécureuil C. Unveiling Molecular Effects of the Secondary Metabolite 2-Dodecanone in the Model Hymenopteran Nasonia vitripennis. TOXICS 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38393254 PMCID: PMC10892068 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple studies have suggested that the secondary metabolites produced by plants against herbivorous insects could be used as biopesticides. However, as the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown, it is difficult to predict how they would affect non-target insects; thus, their innocuity needs to be clarified. Here, we investigate, from the molecular level to the organism, the responses of a useful parasitic insect Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) being exposed at the pupae stage for 48 h (up to 6 days) to sublethal doses (5 µg/L and 500 µg/L) of 2-Dodecanone. 2-Dodecanone altered the gene expression of genes related to ecdysone-related pathways, biotransformation, and cell homeostasis. A significant induction of ecdysone response-genes (EcR, usp, E78, Hr4, Hr38) was detected, despite no significant differences in ecdysteroid levels. Regarding the cell homeostasis processes, the gene l(2)efl was differentially altered in both experimental conditions, and a dose-dependent induction of hex81 was observed. 2-Dodecanone also triggered an induction of Cyp6aQ5 activity. Finally, 2-Dodecanone exposure had a significant effect on neither development time, energy reserves, nor egg-laying capacity; no potential genotoxicity was detected. For the first time, this study shows evidence that 2-Dodecanone can modulate gene expression and interfere with the ecdysone signalling pathway in N. vitripennis. This could lead to potential endocrine alterations and highlight the suitability of this organism to improve our general understanding of the molecular effects of plant defences in insects. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicity of 2-Dodecanone that could potentially be explored in other species and under field conditions for plant protection and pest management as a means to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Laureen Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Lola Llorente
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - David Siaussat
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
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Bertasello LET, da Silva MF, Pinto LR, Nóbile PM, Carmo-Sousa M, dos Anjos IA, Perecin D, Spotti Lopes JR, Gonçalves MC. Yellow Leaf Disease Resistance and Melanaphis sacchari Preference in Commercial Sugarcane Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3079. [PMID: 37687326 PMCID: PMC10489660 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane yellow leaf disease (YLD) caused by sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) is a major threat for the sugarcane industry worldwide, and the aphid Melanaphis sacchari is its main vector. Breeding programs in Brazil have provided cultivars with intermediate resistance to ScYLV, whereas the incidence of ScYLV has been underestimated partly due to the complexity of YLD symptom expression and identification. Here, we evaluated YLD symptoms in a field assay using eight sugarcane genotypes comprising six well-established commercial high-sucrose cultivars, one biomass yield cultivar, and a susceptible reference under greenhouse conditions, along with estimation of virus titer through RT-qPCR from leaf samples. Additionally, a free-choice bioassay was used to determine the number of aphids feeding on the SCYLV-infected cultivars. Most of the cultivars showed some degree of resistance to YLD, while also revealing positive RT-qPCR results for ScYLV and virus titers with non-significant correlation with YLD severity. The cultivars IACSP01-5503 and IACBIO-266 were similar in terms of aphid preference and ScYLV resistance traits, whereas the least preferred cultivar by M. sacchari, IACSP96-7569, showed intermediate symptoms but similar virus titer to the susceptible reference, SP71-6163. We conclude that current genetic resistance incorporated into sugarcane commercial cultivars does not effectively prevent the spread of ScYLV by its main aphid vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Eduardo Tilhaqui Bertasello
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences-FCAV, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Jaboticabal 17884-900, Brazil; (L.E.T.B.); (L.R.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Marcel Fernando da Silva
- Sugarcane Research Centre, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC, Ribeirão Preto 14001-970, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (P.M.N.); (I.A.d.A.)
| | - Luciana Rossini Pinto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences-FCAV, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Jaboticabal 17884-900, Brazil; (L.E.T.B.); (L.R.P.); (D.P.)
- Sugarcane Research Centre, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC, Ribeirão Preto 14001-970, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (P.M.N.); (I.A.d.A.)
| | - Paula Macedo Nóbile
- Sugarcane Research Centre, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC, Ribeirão Preto 14001-970, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (P.M.N.); (I.A.d.A.)
| | - Michele Carmo-Sousa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (M.C.-S.); (J.R.S.L.)
| | - Ivan Antônio dos Anjos
- Sugarcane Research Centre, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas-IAC, Ribeirão Preto 14001-970, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (P.M.N.); (I.A.d.A.)
| | - Dilermando Perecin
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences-FCAV, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Jaboticabal 17884-900, Brazil; (L.E.T.B.); (L.R.P.); (D.P.)
| | - João Roberto Spotti Lopes
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (M.C.-S.); (J.R.S.L.)
| | - Marcos Cesar Gonçalves
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences-FCAV, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Jaboticabal 17884-900, Brazil; (L.E.T.B.); (L.R.P.); (D.P.)
- Crop Protection Research Centre, Instituto Biológico-IB, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil
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6
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Santos CAMD, Varejão EVV, Castro BMC, Wilcken CF, Lemes PG, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC. Chemical composition of leaf and branch extracts of the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites (Solanaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e274992. [PMID: 37585935 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C A M Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - E V V Varejão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Química, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - B M C Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - C F Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - P G Lemes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada a Área Florestal - LEAF, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - J E Serrão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Brito-Santana P, Duque-Pedraza JJ, Bernabéu-Roda LM, Carvia-Hermoso C, Cuéllar V, Fuentes-Romero F, Acosta-Jurado S, Vinardell JM, Soto MJ. Sinorhizobium meliloti DnaJ Is Required for Surface Motility, Stress Tolerance, and for Efficient Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065848. [PMID: 36982921 PMCID: PMC10055731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface motility is a complex microbial trait that contributes to host colonization. However, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms that control surface translocation in rhizobia and their role in the establishment of symbiosis with legumes is still limited. Recently, 2-tridecanone (2-TDC) was identified as an infochemical in bacteria that hampers microbial colonization of plants. In the alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, 2-TDC promotes a mode of surface motility that is mostly independent of flagella. To understand the mechanism of action of 2-TDC in S. meliloti and unveil genes putatively involved in plant colonization, Tn5 transposants derived from a flagellaless strain that were impaired in 2-TDC-induced surface spreading were isolated and genetically characterized. In one of the mutants, the gene coding for the chaperone DnaJ was inactivated. Characterization of this transposant and newly obtained flagella-minus and flagella-plus dnaJ deletion mutants revealed that DnaJ is essential for surface translocation, while it plays a minor role in swimming motility. DnaJ loss-of-function reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance in S. meliloti and hinders the establishment of efficient symbiosis by affecting nodule formation efficiency, cellular infection, and nitrogen fixation. Intriguingly, the lack of DnaJ causes more severe defects in a flagellaless background. This work highlights the role of DnaJ in the free-living and symbiotic lifestyles of S. meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Brito-Santana
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Julián J Duque-Pedraza
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lydia M Bernabéu-Roda
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Carvia-Hermoso
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Romero
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
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8
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Gasparini K, Gasparini J, Therezan R, Vicente MH, Sakamoto T, Figueira A, Zsögön A, Peres LEP. Natural genetic variation in the HAIRS ABSENT (H) gene increases type-VI glandular trichomes in both wild and domesticated tomatoes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153859. [PMID: 36423448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes produce and exude secondary metabolites, conferring insect resistance in many crop species. Whereas some of its wild relatives are insect-resistant, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is not. Identifying the genetic changes that altered trichome development and biochemistry during tomato domestication would contribute to breeding for insect resistance. A mutation in the HAIRS ABSENT (H) gene, which encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein (ZFP8), leads to reduced trichome density. Several geographic accessions of S. pimpinellifolium, the wild ancestor of domesticated tomato, have glabrous organs that resemble the phenotype caused by h. Here, we investigated allelic diversity for H in tomato and S. pimpinellifolium accessions and their associated trichome phenotypes. We also evaluated how the developmental stage can affect trichome development in glabrous and non-glabrous plants. We found that glabrous accessions of S. pimpinellifolium have different ZFP8 nucleotide sequence changes, associated with altered trichome development and density. We also found that while the glabrous appearance of h mutants is caused by a lower density of long trichomes, the density of type-VI glandular trichomes is increased, particularly in the adult stages of plant development. These insights on the genetic control of trichome development may contribute to breeding for insect resistance in tomatoes and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Gasparini
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Gasparini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Therezan
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-400, RN, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Marzal A, Magallanes S, Garcia-Longoria L. Stimuli Followed by Avian Malaria Vectors in Host-Seeking Behaviour. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:726. [PMID: 35625454 PMCID: PMC9138572 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever) result from a parasite transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods. They are major contributors to the global disease burden, as they account for nearly a fifth of all infectious diseases worldwide. The interaction between vectors and their hosts plays a key role driving vector-borne disease transmission. Therefore, identifying factors governing host selection by blood-feeding insects is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. Here, we review published information on the physical and chemical stimuli (acoustic, visual, olfactory, moisture and thermal cues) used by mosquitoes and other haemosporidian vectors to detect their vertebrate hosts. We mainly focus on studies on avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites since this animal model has historically provided important advances in our understanding on ecological and evolutionary process ruling vector-borne disease dynamics and transmission. We also present relevant studies analysing the capacity of feather and skin symbiotic bacteria in the production of volatile compounds with vector attractant properties. Furthermore, we review the role of uropygial secretions and symbiotic bacteria in bird-insect vector interactions. In addition, we present investigations examining the alterations induced by haemosporidian parasites on their arthropod vector and vertebrate host to enhance parasite transmission. Finally, we propose future lines of research for designing successful vector control strategies and for infectious disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Marzal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación y Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15007, Peru
| | - Sergio Magallanes
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Avda, Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Luz Garcia-Longoria
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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10
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Shi Y, Qu Q, Wang C, He Y, Yang Y, Wu Y. Involvement of CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s of Helicoverpa armigera in xenobiotic metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103696. [PMID: 34800643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s are relatively conserved genes encoding enzymes generally thought to be involved in biosynthesis or metabolism of endobiotics. However, emerging evidence argues they have potential roles in chemical defense as well, but their actual detoxification functions remain largely unknown. Here, we focused on the full complement of 8 CYP2 and 10 mitochondrial P450s in the generalist herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera. Their varied spatiotemporal expression profiles were analyzed and reflected their specific functions. For functional study of the mitochondrial clan P450s, the redox partners, adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) and adrenodoxin (Adx), were identified from genomes of eight insects and an efficient in vitro electron transfer system of mitochondrial P450 was established by co-expression with Adx and AdR of H. armigera. All CYP2 clan P450s and 8 mitochondrial P450s were successfully expressed in Sf9 cells and compared functionally. In vitro metabolism assays showed that two CYP2 clan P450s (CYP305B1 and CYP18A1) and CYP333B3 (mito clan) could epoxidize aldrin to dieldrin, while CYP305B1 and CYP339A1 (mito clan) have limited but significant hydroxylation capacities to esfenvalerate. CYP303A1 of the CYP2 clan exhibits high metabolic efficiency to 2-tridecanone. Screening the xenobiotic metabolism competence of CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s not only provides new insights on insect chemical defense but also can give indications on their physiological functions in H. armigera and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qiong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yingshi He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Hang ST, Zeng LZ, Han JR, Zhang ZQ, Zhou Q, Meng X, Gu Q, Li P. Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 improves the quality of Stachys sieboldii Miq. pickle by inhibiting harmful bacteria growth and degrading nitrite, promoting the gut microbiota health in vitro. Food Funct 2022; 13:1551-1562. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contamination and nitrite accumulation are two major concerns on the quality control of fermented vegetables. In the present study, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 (ZJ316) was...
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Soto MJ, López-Lara IM, Geiger O, Romero-Puertas MC, van Dillewijn P. Rhizobial Volatiles: Potential New Players in the Complex Interkingdom Signaling With Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:698912. [PMID: 34239533 PMCID: PMC8258405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.698912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria release a wide range of volatile compounds that play important roles in intermicrobial and interkingdom communication. Volatile metabolites emitted by rhizobacteria can promote plant growth and increase plant resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Rhizobia establish beneficial nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants in a process starting with a chemical dialog in the rhizosphere involving various diffusible compounds. Despite being one of the most studied plant-interacting microorganisms, very little is known about volatile compounds produced by rhizobia and their biological/ecological role. Evidence indicates that plants can perceive and respond to volatiles emitted by rhizobia. In this perspective, we present recent data that open the possibility that rhizobial volatile compounds have a role in symbiotic interactions with legumes and discuss future directions that could shed light onto this area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: María J. Soto,
| | - Isabel M. López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Kyriakidou M, Achakkagari SR, Gálvez López JH, Zhu X, Tang CY, Tai HH, Anglin NL, Ellis D, Strömvik MV. Structural genome analysis in cultivated potato taxa. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:951-966. [PMID: 31893289 PMCID: PMC7021743 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Twelve potato accessions were selected to represent two principal views on potato taxonomy. The genomes were sequenced and analyzed for structural variation (copy number variation) against three published potato genomes. The common potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple crop with a highly heterozygous and complex tetraploid genome. The other taxa of cultivated potato contain varying ploidy levels (2X-5X), and structural variations are common in the genomes of these species, likely contributing to the diversification or agronomic traits during domestication. Increased understanding of the genomes and genomic variation will aid in the exploration of novel agronomic traits. Thus, sequencing data from twelve potato landraces, representing the four ploidy levels, were used to identify structural genomic variation compared to the two currently available reference genomes, a double monoploid potato genome and a diploid inbred clone of S. chacoense. The results of a copy number variation analysis showed that in the majority of the genomes, while the number of deletions is greater than the number of duplications, the number of duplicated genes is greater than the number of deleted ones. Specific regions in the twelve potato genomes have a high density of CNV events. Further, the auxin-induced SAUR genes (involved in abiotic stress), disease resistance genes and the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily proteins, among others, had increased copy numbers in these sequenced genomes relative to the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyriakidou
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sai Reddy Achakkagari
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - José Héctor Gálvez López
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chen Yu Tang
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Helen H Tai
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, Canada
| | | | | | - Martina V Strömvik
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Identification and Functional Characterization of a Soybean ( Glycine max) Thioesterase that Acts on Intermediates of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100397. [PMID: 31597241 PMCID: PMC6843456 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Plants possess many acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterases (TEs) with unique specificity. One such TE is methylketone synthase 2 (MKS2), an enzyme with a single-hotdog-fold structure found in several tomato species that hydrolyzes 3-ketoacyl-ACPs to give free 3-ketoacids. (2) Methods: In this study, we identified and characterized a tomato MKS2 homolog gene, namely, GmMKS2, in the genome of soybean (Glycine max). (3) Results: GmMKS2 underwent alternative splicing to produce three alternative transcripts, but only one encodes a protein with thioesterase activity when recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of the main transcript of GmMKS2, GmMKS2-X2, in E. coli generated various types of fatty acids, including 3-ketoacids-with 3-ketotetradecenoic acid (14:1) being the most abundant-cis-Δ5-dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxyacids, suggesting that GmMKS2 acts as an acyl-ACP thioesterase. In plants, the GmMKS2-X2 transcript level was found to be higher in the roots compared to other examined organs. In silico analysis revealed that there is a substantial enrichment of putative cis-regulatory elements related to disease-resistance responses and abiotic stress responses in the promoter of this gene. (4) Conclusions: GmMKS2 showed broad substrate specificities toward a wide range of acyl-ACPs that varied in terms of chain length, oxidation state, and saturation degree. Our results suggest that GmMKS2 might have a stress-related physiological function in G. max.
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Characterization of Solanum melongena Thioesterases Related to Tomato Methylketone Synthase 2. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070549. [PMID: 31323901 PMCID: PMC6678348 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methylketones are involved in plant defense and fragrance and have industrial applications as flavor additives and for biofuel production. We isolated three genes from the crop plant Solanum melongena (eggplant) and investigated these as candidates for methylketone production. The wild tomato methylketone synthase 2 (ShMKS2), which hydrolyzes β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier proteins (ACP) to release β-ketoacids in the penultimate step of methylketone synthesis, was used as a query to identify three homologs from S. melongena: SmMKS2-1, SmMKS2-2, and SmMKS2-3. Expression and functional characterization of SmMKS2s in E. coli showed that SmMKS2-1 and SmMKS2-2 exhibited the thioesterase activity against different β-ketoacyl-ACP substrates to generate the corresponding saturated and unsaturated β-ketoacids, which can undergo decarboxylation to form their respective 2-methylketone products, whereas SmMKS2-3 showed no activity. SmMKS2-1 was expressed at high level in leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits, whereas expression of SmMKS2-2 and SmMKS2-3 was mainly in flowers and fruits, respectively. Expression of SmMKS2-1 was induced in leaves by mechanical wounding, and by methyl jasmonate or methyl salicylate, but SmMKS2-2 and SmMKS2-3 genes were not induced. SmMKS2-1 is a candidate for methylketone-based defense in eggplant, and both SmMKS2-1 and SmMKS2-2 are novel MKS2 enzymes for biosynthesis of methylketones as feedstocks to biofuel production.
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16
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Zhang X, Kang X, Wu H, Silver K, Zhang J, Ma E, Zhu KY. Transcriptome-wide survey, gene expression profiling and exogenous chemical-induced transcriptional responses of cytochrome P450 superfamily genes in migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 100:66-77. [PMID: 29959977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) belong to a large superfamily of heme-containing enzymes catalyzing at least 60 different types of chemically distinct reactions. Insect CYPs play key roles in biotransformation of insecticides and plant chemicals, and are implicated in insecticide resistance and insect adaptation to their host plants. Insect CYPs are well studied in model insects, but little is known about the CYP superfamily in paurometabolous insects. We employed Illumina sequencing technology to identify 71 partial and 78 full-length open reading frames (ORFs) of LmCYP genes from the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), one of the most destructive paurometabolous insect pests in the world. Seventy-eight LmCYPs with complete ORFs were formally named and classified into 19 families and 43 subfamilies. The majority of LmCYPs were mainly expressed in nymphal and adult stages, but LmCYP expression varied widely among thirteen different tissues examined. Regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter regions of LmCYP genes, and subsequent exposure of locusts to 12 different exogenous chemicals showed that 2-tridecanone and xanthotoxin were the most effective at increasing LmCYP expression. Our results represent the first transcriptome-wide analysis of the LmCYP superfamily from migratory locust, and provide a foundation for understanding the physiological functions, functional diversity, evolution, and regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of the CYP gene superfamily in the locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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17
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Sun M, Voorrips RE, Steenhuis-Broers G, van’t Westende W, Vosman B. Reduced phloem uptake of Myzus persicae on an aphid resistant pepper accession. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29945550 PMCID: PMC6020309 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae, is economically one of the most threatening pests in pepper cultivation, which not only causes direct damage but also transmits many viruses. Breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties is a promising and environmentally friendly method to control aphid populations in the field and in the greenhouse. Until now, no strong sources of resistance against the GPA have been identified. Therefore the main aims of this study were to identify pepper materials with a good level of resistance to GPA and to elucidate possible resistance mechanisms. RESULTS We screened 74 pepper accessions from different geographical areas for resistance to M. persicae. After four rounds of evaluation we identified one Capsicum baccatum accession (PB2013071) as highly resistant to M. persicae, while the accessions PB2013062 and PB2012022 showed intermediate resistance. The resistance of PB2013071 resulted in a severely reduced uptake of phloem compared to the susceptible accession, as determined by Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) studies. Feeding of M. persicae induced the expression of callose synthase genes and resulted in callose deposition in the sieve elements in resistant, but not in susceptible plants. CONCLUSIONS Three aphid resistant pepper accessions were identified, which will be important for breeding aphid resistant pepper varieties in the future. The most resistant accession PB2013071 showed phloem-based resistance against aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Sun
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E. Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Steenhuis-Broers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van’t Westende
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Vosman
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
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López-Lara IM, Nogales J, Pech-Canul Á, Calatrava-Morales N, Bernabéu-Roda LM, Durán P, Cuéllar V, Olivares J, Alvarez L, Palenzuela-Bretones D, Romero M, Heeb S, Cámara M, Geiger O, Soto MJ. 2-Tridecanone impacts surface-associated bacterial behaviours and hinders plant-bacteria interactions. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2049-2065. [PMID: 29488306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface motility and biofilm formation are behaviours which enable bacteria to infect their hosts and are controlled by different chemical signals. In the plant symbiotic alpha-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the lack of long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity (FadD) leads to increased surface motility, defects in biofilm development and impaired root colonization. In this study, analyses of lipid extracts and volatiles revealed that a fadD mutant accumulates 2-tridecanone (2-TDC), a methylketone (MK) known as a natural insecticide. Application of pure 2-TDC to the wild-type strain phenocopies the free-living and symbiotic behaviours of the fadD mutant. Structural features of the MK determine its ability to promote S. meliloti surface translocation, which is mainly mediated by a flagella-independent motility. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 2-TDC induces differential expression of iron uptake, redox and stress-related genes. Interestingly, this MK also influences surface motility and impairs biofilm formation in plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, 2-TDC not only hampers alfalfa nodulation but also the development of tomato bacterial speck disease. This work assigns a new role to 2-TDC as an infochemical that affects important bacterial traits and hampers plant-bacteria interactions by interfering with microbial colonization of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Joaquina Nogales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Ángel Pech-Canul
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Nieves Calatrava-Morales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Lydia M Bernabéu-Roda
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Paloma Durán
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - José Olivares
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Diana Palenzuela-Bretones
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manuel Romero
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - María J Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
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Rioja C, Zhurov V, Bruinsma K, Grbic M, Grbic V. Plant-Herbivore Interactions: A Case of an Extreme Generalist, the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:935-945. [PMID: 28857675 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0168-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions evolved over long periods of time, resulting in an elaborate arms race between interacting species. While specialist herbivores evolved specific strategies to cope with the defenses of a limited number of hosts, our understanding of how generalist herbivores deal with the defenses of a plethora of diverse host plants is largely unknown. Understanding the interaction between a plant host and a generalist herbivore requires an understanding of the plant's mechanisms aimed at defending itself and the herbivore's mechanisms intended to counteract diverse defenses. In this review, we use the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) as an example of a generalist herbivore, as this chelicerate pest has a staggering number of plant hosts. We first establish that the ability of TSSM to adapt to marginal hosts underlies its polyphagy and agricultural pest status. We then highlight our understanding of direct plant defenses against spider mite herbivory and review recent advances in uncovering mechanisms of spider mite adaptations to them. Finally, we discuss the adaptation process itself, as it allows TSSM to overcome initially effective plant defenses. A high-quality genome sequence and developing genetic tools, coupled with an ease of mite experimental selection to new hosts, make TSSM an outstanding system to study the evolution of host range, mechanisms of pest xenobiotic resistance and plant-herbivore interactions. In addition, knowledge of plant defense mechanisms that affect mite fitness are of practical importance, as it can lead to development of new control strategies against this important agricultural pest. In parallel, understanding mechanisms of mite counter adaptations to these defenses is required to maintain the efficacy of these control strategies in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rioja
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
- 2 University of La Rioja, Logrono, 26006, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
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Xiang M, Zhang L, Lu Y, Tang Q, Liang P, Shi X, Song D, Gao X. A P-glycoprotein gene serves as a component of the protective mechanisms against 2-tridecanone and abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera. Gene 2017; 627:63-71. [PMID: 28600181 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) exists in animals, fungi and bacteria and likely evolved as a defense mechanism against harmful substances. Here a cDNA (4054bp) encoding a putative P-glycoprotein gene from Helicoverpa armigera was cloned and named HaPgp1. This putative HaPgp1 sequence encoded a protein of 1253 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 137kDa. qPCR analyses demonstrated that the expression of HaPgp1 was significantly higher in 4th instar larvae when compared to other developmental stages. HaPgp1 transcripts were more abundant in the head and fat bodies than in other tissues. Compared with the control, the expression of HaPgp1 reach a peak at 12h after the treatment by 2-tridecanone in all tissues. However, the expression of HaPgp1 increased from 12h to 48h after treatment with abamectin in all tissues. Immunohistochemistry analyses also verified that 2-tridecanone and abamectin can induce the increase of HaPgp1 expression. RNAi of HaPgp1 significantly raised the mortality rate of larvae treated by 2-tridecanone and abamectin, as compared to control larvae fed with GFP dsRNA. These results illustrate the possible involvement of HaPgp1 as a component of the protective mechanisms to plant secondary chemicals such as 2-tridecanone and to certain classes of insecticides, like abamectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiuling Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueyan Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Vendemiatti E, Zsögön A, Silva GFFE, de Jesus FA, Cutri L, Figueiredo CRF, Tanaka FAO, Nogueira FTS, Peres LEP. Loss of type-IV glandular trichomes is a heterochronic trait in tomato and can be reverted by promoting juvenility. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 259:35-47. [PMID: 28483052 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are structures with widespread distribution and deep ecological significance. In the Solanum genus, type-IV glandular trichomes provide resistance to insect pests. The occurrence of these structures is, however, poorly described and controversial in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to screen a series of well-known commercial tomato cultivars, revealing the presence of type-IV trichomes on embryonic (cotyledons) and juvenile leaves. A tomato line overexpressing the microRNA miR156, known to promote heterochronic development, and mutants affecting KNOX and CLAVATA3 genes possessed type-IV trichomes in adult leaves. A re-analysis of the Woolly (Wo) mutant, previously described as enhancing glandular trichome density, showed that this effect only occurs at the juvenile phase of vegetative development. Our results suggest the existence of at least two levels of regulation of multicellular trichome formation in tomato: one enhancing different types of trichomes, such as that controlled by the WOOLLY gene, and another dependent on developmental stage, which is fundamental for type-IV trichome formation. Their combined manipulation could represent an avenue for biotechnological engineering of trichome development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Vendemiatti
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departament of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Felipe Ferreira E Silva
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederico Almeida de Jesus
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cutri
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassia Regina Fernandes Figueiredo
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco André Ossamu Tanaka
- Departament of Phytopathology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP),Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Tan Y, Li D, Hua J, Luo S, Liu Y, Li S. Localization of a defensive volatile 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in the capitate glandular trichomes of Oenothera glazioviana. PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:154-159. [PMID: 30159506 PMCID: PMC6112281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes of plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites which are considered as major defensive chemicals. The capitate glandular trichomes of Oenothera glazioviana (Onagraceae) were collected with laser microdissection and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compound 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one (1) was identified. We found that compound 1 displays antimicrobial, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities. These results suggest that compound 1 might function as a defensive compound in the capitate glandular trichomes of O. glazioviana against pathogens, insect herbivores, and presumably competitive plants as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Desen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Juan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shihong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Shenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
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Mindrebo JT, Nartey CM, Seto Y, Burkart MD, Noel JP. Unveiling the functional diversity of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily in the plant kingdom. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:233-246. [PMID: 27662376 PMCID: PMC5687975 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The alpha/beta hydrolase (ABH) superfamily is a widespread and functionally malleable protein fold recognized for its diverse biochemical activities across all three domains of life. ABH enzymes possess unexpected catalytic activity in the green plant lineage through selective alterations in active site architecture and chemistry. Furthermore, the ABH fold serves as the core structure for phytohormone and ligand receptors in the gibberellin, strigolactone, and karrikin signaling pathways in plants. Despite recent discoveries, the ABH family is sparsely characterized in plants, a sessile kingdom known to evolve complex and specialized chemical adaptations as survival responses to widely varying biotic and abiotic ecologies. This review calls attention to the ABH superfamily in the plant kingdom to highlight the functional adaptability of the ABH fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Mindrebo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charisse M Nartey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Noel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Mindrebo JT, Nartey CM, Seto Y, Burkart MD, Noel JP. Corrigendum to "Unveiling the functional diversity of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily in the plant kingdom" [Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016, 41:233-246]. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:256-257. [PMID: 27884574 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Mindrebo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charisse M Nartey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Noel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Kirillov V, Stikhareva T, Suleimen Y, Serafimovich M, Kabanova S, Mukanov B. Chemical composition of the essential oil from carnation coniferous (Dianthus acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb) growing wild in Northern Kazakhstan. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:117-123. [PMID: 27465604 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1214832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate volatile compounds from the aerial parts of Dianthus acicularis of the genus Dianthus of the family Caryophyllaceae grown wild in Northern Kazakhstan for the first time. D. acicularis is a typical Trans-Volga-Kazakhstani endemic. D. acicularis has high resistance to the bacterial wilt, a serious disease caused by Burkholderia caryophylli. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the specimens of the essential oils were analysed by the method of GC-MS. The main constituents of D. acicularis essential oil were methyl ketones - 2-pentadecanone (26.9-32.2%) and 2-tridecanone (4.7-17.7%), identified for the first time in the Dianthus genus. The methyl ketone activity provides protection of the plants from herbivores and fungal pathogens. One can suppose that the presence of 2-pentadecanone and 2-tridecanone in the essential oil of carnation coniferous provides its resistance to different insects and pathogens, including the resistance to the bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kirillov
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Tamara Stikhareva
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- b Institute of Applied Chemistry , L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University , Astana , Kazakhstan
| | - Mariya Serafimovich
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Svetlana Kabanova
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Bolat Mukanov
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
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26
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Chen J. Toxicity and Efficacy of Two Emulsifiable Concentrates of 2-Tridecanone against Red Imported Fire Ants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ae.2016.41006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Bergau N, Bennewitz S, Syrowatka F, Hause G, Tissier A. The development of type VI glandular trichomes in the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum and a related wild species S. habrochaites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:289. [PMID: 26654876 PMCID: PMC4676884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type VI glandular trichomes represent the most abundant trichome type on leaves and stems of tomato plants and significantly contribute to herbivore resistance, particularly in the wild species. Despite this, their development has been poorly studied so far. The goal of this study is to fill this gap. Using a variety of cell imaging techniques, a detailed record of the anatomy and developmental stages of type VI trichomes in the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and in a related wild species (S. habrochaites) is provided. RESULTS In both species, the development of these structures follows a highly reproducible cell division pattern. The two species differ in the shape of the trichome head which is round in S. habrochaites and like a four-leaf clover in S. lycopersicum, correlating with the presence of a large intercellular cavity in S. habrochaites where the produced metabolites accumulate. In both species, the junction between the intermediate cell and the four glandular cells constitute a breaking point facilitating the decapitation of the trichome and thereby the quick release of the metabolites. A strongly auto-fluorescent compound transiently accumulates in the early stages of development suggesting a potential role in the differentiation process. Finally, immuno-labelling with antibodies recognizing specific cell wall components indicate a key role of pectin and arabinogalactan components in the differentiation of type VI trichomes. CONCLUSIONS Our observations explain the adaptive morphologies of type VI trichomes for metabolite storage and release and provide a framework for further studies of these important metabolic cellular factories. This is required to better exploit their potential, in particular for the breeding of pest resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bergau
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bennewitz
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Center for Material Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
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28
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Liu XC, Liu Q, Chen XB, Zhou L, Liu ZL. Larvicidal activity of the essential oil from Tetradium glabrifolium fruits and its constituents against Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1582-1586. [PMID: 25504672 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our screening programme for new agrochemicals from wild plants, the essential oil of Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley fruits was found to possess strong larvicidal activity against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and the constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis. The active compounds were isolated and identified by bioassay-directed fractionation. RESULTS GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of 19 components with 2-tridecanone (43.38%), 2-undecanone (24.09%), D-limonene (13.01%), caryophyllene (5.04%) and β-elemene (4.07%) being the major constituents. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the oil led to the isolation of 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene as active compounds. The essential oil of T. glabrifolium exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with an LC50 value of 8.20 µg mL(-1). The isolated constituent compounds, 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone and D-limonene, possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae of A. albopictus, with LC50 values of 2.86, 9.95 and 41.75 µg mL(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the essential oil of T. glabrifolium fruits and the three constituents have an excellent potential for use in control of A. albopictus larvae and could be useful in the search for newer, safer and more effective natural compounds as larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chao Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Bo Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Long Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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29
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Tohge T, Fernie AR. Metabolomics-Inspired Insight into Developmental, Environmental and Genetic Aspects of Tomato Fruit Chemical Composition and Quality. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1681-96. [PMID: 26228272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato was one of the first plant species to be evaluated using metabolomics and remains one of the best characterized, with tomato fruit being both an important source of nutrition in the human diet and a valuable model system for the development of fleshy fruits. Additionally, given the broad habitat range of members of the tomato clade and the extensive use of exotic germplasm in tomato genetic research, it represents an excellent genetic model system for understanding both metabolism per se and the importance of various metabolites in conferring stress tolerance. This review summarizes technical approaches used to characterize the tomato metabolome to date and details insights into metabolic pathway structure and regulation that have been obtained via analysis of tissue samples taken under different developmental or environmental circumstance as well as following genetic perturbation. Particular attention is paid to compounds of importance for nutrition or the shelf-life of tomatoes. We propose furthermore how metabolomics information can be coupled to the burgeoning wealth of genome sequence data from the tomato clade to enhance further our understanding of (i) the shifts in metabolic regulation occurring during development and (ii) specialization of metabolism within the tomato clade as a consequence of either adaptive evolution or domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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30
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Schäffler I, Steiner KE, Haid M, van Berkel SS, Gerlach G, Johnson SD, Wessjohann L, Dötterl S. Diacetin, a reliable cue and private communication channel in a specialized pollination system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12779. [PMID: 26245141 PMCID: PMC4526864 DOI: 10.1038/srep12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between floral oil secreting plants and oil-collecting bees is one of the most specialized of all pollination mutualisms. Yet, the specific stimuli used by the bees to locate their host flowers have remained elusive. This study identifies diacetin, a volatile acetylated glycerol, as a floral signal compound shared by unrelated oil plants from around the globe. Electrophysiological measurements of antennae and behavioural assays identified diacetin as the key volatile used by oil-collecting bees to locate their host flowers. Furthermore, electrophysiological measurements indicate that only oil-collecting bees are capable of detecting diacetin. The structural and obvious biosynthetic similarity between diacetin and associated floral oils make it a reliable cue for oil-collecting bees. It is easily perceived by oil bees, but can't be detected by other potential pollinators. Therefore, diacetin represents the first demonstrated private communication channel in a pollination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Schäffler
- 1] Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria [2] Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth
| | - Kim E Steiner
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Haid
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sander S van Berkel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Günter Gerlach
- Botanical Garden München-Nymphenburg, Menzinger Str. 65, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Steven D Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- 1] Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria [2] Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth
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31
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Li F, Liu XN, Zhu Y, Ma J, Liu N, Yang JH. Identification of the 2-tridecanone responsive region in the promoter of cytochrome P450 CYP6B6 of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:801-808. [PMID: 25274456 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryote transcription is controlled by regulatory DNA sequences and transcription factors, so transcriptional control of gene plays a pivotal role in gene expression. In this study, we identified the region of the CYP6B6 gene promoter of Helicoverpa armigera which responds to the plant secondary toxicant 2-tridecanone. Transient transfection assay results from five of stepwise deletion fragments linked to the luciferase reporter gene revealed that the promoter activity of each CYP6B6 fragment was significantly higher than that of their basal activity after the Sf9 cells were treated with 2-tridecanone. Among all, the fragment spanning -373 to +405 bp of the CYP6B6 promoter showed an obviously 2-tridecanone inducibility (P<0.0001), which might have the 2-tridecanone responsive element based on promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the nuclear protein extracted from midgut of the 6th instar larva of H. armigera, reared on 10 mg 2-tridecanone per gram artificial diet for 48 h, could specifically bind to the active region from -373 to 21 bp of the CYP6B6 promoter. The combination feature also appeared when using a shorter fragment from -292 to -154 bp of the CYP6B6 promoter. Taken together, we found a 2-tridecanone core responsive region between -292 and -154 bp of the CYP6B6 promoter. This may lead us to a better understanding of transcriptional mechanism of P450 gene and provide very useful information for the pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
| | - X N Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
| | - Y Zhu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
| | - J Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
| | - N Liu
- National Cotton Engineering &Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830091,China
| | - J H Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston, TX 77030,USA
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Chen J, Rashid T, Feng G. Esterase in imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): activity, kinetics and variation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7112. [PMID: 25408118 PMCID: PMC5382690 DOI: 10.1038/srep07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri are two closely related invasive ants native to South America. Despite their similarity in biology and behavior, S. invicta is a more successful invasive species. Toxic tolerance has been found to be important to the success of some invasive species. Esterases play a crucial role in toxic tolerance of insects. Hence, we hypothesized that the more invasive S. invicta would have a higher esterase activity than S. richteri. Esterase activities were measured for workers and male and female alates of both ant species using α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate as substrates. Esterase activities in S. invicta were always significantly higher than those in S. richteri supporting our hypothesis. In S. invicta, male alates had the highest esterase activities followed by workers then female alates for both substrates. In S. richetri, for α-naphthyl acetate, male alates had the highest activity followed by female alates then workers, while for β-naphthyl acetate, female alates had the highest activity followed by male alates then workers. For workers, S. richteri showed significantly higher levels of variation about the mean esterase activity than S. invicta. However, S. invicta showed significantly higher levels of variation in both female and male alates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- National Biological Control Laboratory, Southeast Area, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - T Rashid
- Alcorn State University, Extension/Research Demonstration Farm &Technology Transfer Center, 294 Grainger Dorsey Road, Mound Bayou, MS 38762-9530, USA
| | - G Feng
- Alcorn State University, Extension/Research Demonstration Farm &Technology Transfer Center, 294 Grainger Dorsey Road, Mound Bayou, MS 38762-9530, USA
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Tuttle EM, Sebastian PJ, Posto AL, Soini HA, Novotny MV, Gonser RA. Variation in preen oil composition pertaining to season, sex, and genotype in the polymorphic white-throated sparrow. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1025-38. [PMID: 25236380 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the the ability of birds to detect olfactory signals is now well documented, yet it remains unclear whether birds secrete chemicals that can be used as social cues. A potential source of chemical cues in birds is the secretion from the uropygial gland, or preen gland, which is thought to waterproof, maintain, and protect feathers from ectoparasites. However, it is possible that preen oil also may be used for individual recognition, mate choice, and signalling social/sexual status. If preen oil secretions can be used as socio-olfactory signals, we should be able to identify the volatile components that could make the secretions more detectable, determine the seasonality of these secretions, and determine whether olfactory signals differ among relevant social groups. We examined the seasonal differences in volatile compounds of the preen oil of captive white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis. This species is polymorphic and has genetically determined morphs that occur in both sexes. Mating is almost exclusively disassortative with respect to morph, suggesting strong mate choice. By sampling the preen oil from captive birds in breeding and non-breeding conditions, we identified candidate chemical signals that varied according to season, sex, morph, and species. Linear alcohols with a 10-18 carbon chains, as well as methyl ketones and carboxylic acids, were the most abundant volatile compounds. Both the variety and abundances of some of these compounds were different between the sexes and morphs, with one morph secreting more volatile compounds in the non-breeding season than the other. In addition, 12 compounds were seasonally elevated in amount, and were secreted in high amounts in males. Finally, we found that preen oil signatures tended to be species-specific, with white-throated sparrows differing from the closely related Junco in the abundances and/or prevalence of at least three compounds. Our data suggest roles for preen oil secretions and avian olfaction in both non-social as well as social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina M Tuttle
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA,
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Peñuelas J, Asensio D, Tholl D, Wenke K, Rosenkranz M, Piechulla B, Schnitzler JP. Biogenic volatile emissions from the soil. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1866-91. [PMID: 24689847 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds are usually associated with an appearance/presence in the atmosphere. Recent advances, however, indicated that the soil is a huge reservoir and source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), which are formed from decomposing litter and dead organic material or are synthesized by underground living organism or organs and tissues of plants. This review summarizes the scarce available data on the exchange of VOCs between soil and atmosphere and the features of the soil and particle structure allowing diffusion of volatiles in the soil, which is the prerequisite for biological VOC-based interactions. In fact, soil may function either as a sink or as a source of bVOCs. Soil VOC emissions to the atmosphere are often 1-2 (0-3) orders of magnitude lower than those from aboveground vegetation. Microorganisms and the plant root system are the major sources for bVOCs. The current methodology to detect belowground volatiles is described as well as the metabolic capabilities resulting in the wealth of microbial and root VOC emissions. Furthermore, VOC profiles are discussed as non-destructive fingerprints for the detection of organisms. In the last chapter, belowground volatile-based bi- and multi-trophic interactions between microorganisms, plants and invertebrates in the soil are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
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Yu G, Pichersky E. Heterologous expression of methylketone synthase1 and methylketone synthase2 leads to production of methylketones and myristic acid in transgenic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:612-22. [PMID: 24390393 PMCID: PMC3912093 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.228502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Some plants produce methylketones as potent defense compounds against various insects. Wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites), a relative of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), synthesizes large amounts of 2-methylketones in its glandular trichomes, but cultivated tomato trichomes contain little or no methylketones. Two enzymes, Solanum habrochaites methylketone synthase1 (ShMKS1) and ShMKS2, are required to convert β-ketoacyl acyl-carrier protein intermediates of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway to methylketones. ShMKS2 is a thioesterase that hydrolyzes β-ketoacyl acyl-carrier protein, and ShMKS1 is a decarboxylase that converts the resulting 3-ketoacids to 2-methylketones. We introduced ShMKS2 by itself or together with ShMKS1 to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and cultivated tomato under the control of the 35S, Rubisco small subunit, and tomato trichome-specific promoters. Young tobacco and Arabidopsis plants expressing both genes under the control of 35S and Rubisco small subunit promoters produced methylketones in their leaves but had serious growth defects. As plants matured, they ceased to produce methylketones. Tobacco plants but not Arabidopsis or tomato plants expressing only ShMKS2 under the 35S promoter also synthesized methylketones, but at a lower rate. Transgenic cultivated tomato plants expressing ShMKS1 and ShMKS2 under trichome-specific promoters had slightly elevated levels of methylketone. Trace amounts of myristic acid were also detected in transgenic plants constitutively expressing ShMKS2 with or without ShMKS1. These results suggest that increases in methylketone production in plants will require the targeting of the pathway to self-contained structures in the plant and may also require increasing the flux of fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Growth inhibitors in tomato (Lycopersicon) to tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea). J Chem Ecol 2014; 7:753-8. [PMID: 24420689 DOI: 10.1007/bf00990307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1980] [Revised: 10/22/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several compounds that retard the larval growth of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie) have been isolated and identified from tomato leaves,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The major allelochemics are α-tomatine (I), chlorogenic acid (II), rutin (III), and a new caffeyl derivative of an aldaric acid (IV). The isolation, analyses, and toxicity of these compounds toH. zea are presented.
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Campbell BC, Duffey SS. Alleviation of α-tomatine-induced toxicity to the parasitoid,Hyposoter exiguae, by phytosterols in the diet of the host,Heliothis zea. J Chem Ecol 2014; 7:927-46. [PMID: 24420821 DOI: 10.1007/bf00987618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/1980] [Revised: 03/03/1981] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The solitary, endoparasitic ichneumonid,Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) is a parasitoid of the tomato fruitworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie). However, the parasitoid is deleteriously affected by the tomato glycoalkaloid, α-tomatine, ingested from hosts (H. zea) fed on artificial diets or semipurified extracts of tomato plants that contained α-tomatine. α-Tomatine causes prolonged larval development; disruption or prevention of pupal eclosion; deformation of antennal, abdominal, and genital structures; and reduction in adult weight and longevity of the parasitoid. These toxic effects are exacerbated when the dietary dose of α-tomatine is increased from 12 μmol to 20 μmol/g dry wt of diet. However, the toxicity of α-tomatine is attenuated in parasitoids reared from hosts fed on artificial diets that contain equimolar or supramolar amounts of 3β-OH-sterols admixed with α-tomatine. Further, the toxicity of extracts from the foliage of different cultivars of tomatoes toH. exiguae is contingent upon the composite levels of α-tomatine and total phytosterol (free and esterified). Cultivars with a low total sterol-tomatine ratio are more toxic toH. exiguae. The possible mode of action of α-tomatine toxicity toH. exiguae by disruption of sterol metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Campbell
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 95616, Davis, California
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Influence of trichome exudates from species ofLycopersicon on oviposition behavior ofHeliothis zea (Boddie). J Chem Ecol 2013; 14:1261-78. [PMID: 24276209 DOI: 10.1007/bf01019351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/1987] [Accepted: 07/07/1987] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cage experiments revealed that accessions of the wild tomato speciesLycopersicon hirsutum were preferred sites for oviposition byHeliothis zea. Hexane extracts from the leaves ofL. hirsutum were also preferred sites of oviposition in choice experiments among extracts from severalLycopersicon species. Extracts ofL. hirsutum were still biologically active several days after application, indicating that the phytochemical(s) involved are relatively stable and of low volatility. Gas Chromatographic analysis of leaf hexane extracts from 12 different accessions of theL. hirsutum complex and three tomato cultivars revealed substantial qualitative and quantitative variation in the chemical composition of these extracts. Comparison of these results with extract oviposition studies implicate a group of structurally related compounds as the active agents. Mass spectroscopy has tentatively identified these compounds as sesquiterpenes with the chemical formula C15H22O2. These compounds are apparently synthesized and secreted from glandular trichomes on the leaf surface. These phytochemicals did not stimulate ovipositional behavior in females of the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni. The existence of genetic variation for the presence and amount of kairomones that serve as cues for insect orientation and oviposition could be utilized in a breeding program to develop tomato cultivars with genetically modified allelochemic profiles that would disrupt the sequential behavioral processes of insect host-plant selection.
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Influence of life history differences of two tachinid parasitoids ofHelicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on their interactions with glandular trichome/methyl ketone-based insect resistance in tomato. J Chem Ecol 2013; 18:499-515. [PMID: 24254953 DOI: 10.1007/bf00994248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/1991] [Accepted: 11/18/1991] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of glandular trichome/methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone) -based insect resistance in the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, onArchytas marmoratus (Townsend) andEucelatoria bryani (Sabrosky) (Diptera: Tachinidae), both parasitoids ofHelicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in the laboratory.A. marmoratus deposits larvae (planidia) on the foliage of its host's food plant; planidia attach to passing hosts, penetrate the cuticle, and develop in the host pupae.E. bryani larviposits directly into its host; its larvae develop in the host larva.A. marmoratus planidia are killed by glandular trichomes of PI 134417 and also by trichomes of hybrid lines with no methyl ketones. The methyl ketones are toxic to planidia, but at least part of the effect is due to other factors, possibly physical entanglement. Both species can be affected indirectly by methyl ketones in the diet of the host. 2-Undecanone reduces the percentage ofA. marmoratus larvae that reach pupation. This effect is evidently due to premature death and desiccation of the host pupa caused by 2-undecanone. 2-Tridecanone in host diets had no effect onA. marmoratus. InE. bryani, 2-tridecanone in the diet of the host reduced the number of parasitoids yielded by each parasitized host, although not the overall percentage of hosts parasitized. 2-Undecanone in the diet of the host had no effect onE. bryani.
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Chen J, Rashid T, Feng G, Zhao L, Oi D, Drees BBM. Defensive chemicals of tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their toxicity to red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Toxicon 2013; 76:160-6. [PMID: 24080354 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) has been reported as being able to displace Solenopsis invicta Buren, one of the most aggressive invasive ants in the world. Like S. invicta, N. fulva use chemical secretions in their defense/offense, which may contribute to their observed superior competition ability. In this study, the defensive chemicals of N. fulva workers and their toxicity against S. invicta workers were investigated. Like other formicine ants, N. fulva workers produce formic acid in their poison glands and 2-ketones and alkanes in Dufour glands. Of these, undecane and 2-tridecanone are two principal compounds in the Dufour gland. Topical LD50 values of 2-tridecanone and undecane against S. invicta workers ranged from 18.51 to 24.67 μg/ant and 40.39 to 84.82 μg/ant, respectively. Undecane and 2-tridecanone had significantly higher contact toxicity than formic acid, whereas formic acid had significantly higher fumigation toxicity than undecane and 2-tridecanone. The combination of 2-tridecanone as a contact toxin and formic acid as a fumigant significantly decreased KT50 values when compared to those of individual compounds. N. fulva does not seem unique in terms of the chemistry of its defensive secretion as compared to other formicine ants. However, this ant contained more than two orders of magnitude of formic acid (wt/wt) than other formicine ants and one order of magnitude of 2-tridecanone than the common crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille). The quantity, rather than quality, of the chemical secretion may contribute to the superior competition ability of N. fulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- National Biological Control Laboratory, Mid South Area, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
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Glas JJ, Schimmel BCJ, Alba JM, Escobar-Bravo R, Schuurink RC, Kant MR. Plant glandular trichomes as targets for breeding or engineering of resistance to herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17077-103. [PMID: 23235331 PMCID: PMC3546740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are specialized hairs found on the surface of about 30% of all vascular plants and are responsible for a significant portion of a plant's secondary chemistry. Glandular trichomes are an important source of essential oils, i.e., natural fragrances or products that can be used by the pharmaceutical industry, although many of these substances have evolved to provide the plant with protection against herbivores and pathogens. The storage compartment of glandular trichomes usually is located on the tip of the hair and is part of the glandular cell, or cells, which are metabolically active. Trichomes and their exudates can be harvested relatively easily, and this has permitted a detailed study of their metabolites, as well as the genes and proteins responsible for them. This knowledge now assists classical breeding programs, as well as targeted genetic engineering, aimed to optimize trichome density and physiology to facilitate customization of essential oil production or to tune biocide activity to enhance crop protection. We will provide an overview of the metabolic diversity found within plant glandular trichomes, with the emphasis on those of the Solanaceae, and of the tools available to manipulate their activities for enhancing the plant's resistance to pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Glas
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Bernardus C. J. Schimmel
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Juan M. Alba
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Rocío Escobar-Bravo
- Department of Plant Breeding, Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture Institute “La Mayora” (IHSM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Experimental Station “La Mayora”, E-29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, 1098 XH, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Merijn R. Kant
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
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Schäffler I, Balao F, Dötterl S. Floral and vegetative cues in oil-secreting and non-oil-secreting Lysimachia species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:125-38. [PMID: 22634256 PMCID: PMC3380597 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unrelated plants pollinated by the same group or guild of animals typically evolve similar floral cues due to pollinator-mediated selection. Related plant species, however, may possess similar cues either as a result of pollinator-mediated selection or as a result of sharing a common ancestor that possessed the same cues or traits. In this study, visual and olfactory floral cues in Lysimachia species exhibiting different pollination strategies were analysed and compared, and the importance of pollinators and phylogeny on the evolution of these floral cues was determined. For comparison, cues of vegetative material were examined where pollinator selection would not be expected. METHODS Floral and vegetative scents and colours in floral oil- and non-floral oil-secreting Lysimachia species were studied by chemical and spectrophotometric analyses, respectively, compared between oil- and non-oil-secreting species, and analysed by phylogenetically controlled methods. KEY RESULTS Vegetative and floral scent was species specific, and variability in floral but not vegetative scent was lower in oil compared with non-oil species. Overall, oil species did not differ in their floral or vegetative scent from non-oil species. However, a correlation was found between oil secretion and six floral scent constituents specific to oil species, whereas the presence of four other floral compounds can be explained by phylogeny. Four of the five analysed oil species had bee-green flowers and the pattern of occurrence of this colour correlated with oil secretion. Non-oil species had different floral colours. The colour of leaves was similar among all species studied. CONCLUSIONS Evidence was found for correlated evolution between secretion of floral oils and floral but not vegetative visual and olfactory cues. The cues correlating with oil secretion were probably selected by Macropis bees, the specialized pollinators of oil-secreting Lysimachia species, and may have evolved in order to attract these bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Schäffler
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F. Balao
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - S. Dötterl
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Albert P. A REVIEW OF SOME HOST-PLANT CHEMICALS AFFECTING THE FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOURS OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4039/entm123159013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kimps NW, Bissinger BW, Apperson CS, Sonenshine DE, Roe RM. First report of the repellency of 2-tridecanone against ticks. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 25:202-208. [PMID: 21073492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
2-Tridecanone and 2-undecanone are both found naturally in the trichomes of wild tomato plants and are important in plant resistance to herbivory. 2-Undecanone is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered active ingredient in the commercially available arthropod repellent, BioUD(®) . The goal of this study was to examine the tick repellency of 2-tridecanone. Two-choice bioassays were conducted using 8% 2-tridecanone vs. the repellent carrier (absolute ethanol) and compared with two-choice studies using 8% 2-undecanone vs. absolute ethanol. Unfed, host-seeking adult (mixed sex) Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) were used to evaluate repellency and time to repellent failure at room temperature. The present study shows in filter paper assays (0.63 mg test compound/cm(2) ) that 2-tridecanone was 87% repellent to A. americanum at 12 h after application, but had no statistically significant repellency at 15 h and 24 h, and was 72% repellent to D. variabilis at 15 h, but had no statistically significant repellency at 24 h. By contrast, 2-undecanone was 74% and 75% repellent to A. americanum and D. variabilis, respectively, at 2 h after application, but no statistically significant repellency was noted at 2.5 h and 3 h. In two-choice assays on cheesecloth, 2-tridecanone at 0.25 mg/cm(2) was 85% repellent to A. americanum 6 h after application, demonstrating its potential use as an arthropod repellent that can be used on clothing without the need for formulation. No statistically significant repellency was found at 9 h or 12 h. The potential use of 2-tridecanone as a tick repellent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Kimps
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA
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Balao F, Herrera J, Talavera S, Dötterl S. Spatial and temporal patterns of floral scent emission in Dianthus inoxianus and electroantennographic responses of its hawkmoth pollinator. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:601-609. [PMID: 21376355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Scent emission is important in nocturnal pollination systems, and plant species pollinated by nocturnal insects often present characteristic odor compositions and temporal patterns of emission. We investigated the temporal (day/night; flower lifetime) and spatial (different flower parts, nectar) pattern of flower scent emission in nocturnally pollinated Dianthusinoxianus, and determined which compounds elicit physiological responses on the antennae of the sphingid pollinator Hyles livornica. The scent of D.inoxianus comprises 68 volatile compounds, but is dominated by aliphatic 2-ketones and sesquiterpenoids, which altogether make up 82% of collected volatiles. Several major and minor compounds elicit electrophysiological responses in the antennae of H. livornica. Total odor emission does not vary along day and night hours, and neither does along the life of the flower. However, the proportion of compounds eliciting physiological responses varies between day and night. All flower parts as well as nectar release volatiles. The scent of isolated flower parts is dominated by fatty acid derivatives, whereas nectar is dominated by benzenoids. Dissection (= damage) of flowers induced a ca. 20-fold increase in the rate of emission of EAD-active volatiles, especially aliphatic 2-ketones. We suggest that aliphatic 2-ketones might contribute to pollinator attraction in D. inoxianus, even though they have been attributed an insect repellent function in other plant species. We also hypothesize that the benzenoids in nectar may act as an honest signal ('nectar guide') for pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Balao
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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