1
|
Dou X, Jurenka R. Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide family in insects: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274750. [PMID: 38161974 PMCID: PMC10755894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in almost all physiological activities of insects. Their classification is based on physiological function and the primary amino acid sequence. The pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptides (PBAN) are one of the largest neuropeptide families in insects, with a conserved C-terminal domain of FXPRLamide. The peptide family is divided into two groups, PK1/diapause hormone (DH) with a WFGPRLa C-terminal ending and PK2/PBAN with FXPRLamide C-terminal ending. Since the development of cutting-edge technology, an increasing number of peptides have been sequenced primarily through genomic, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and their functions discovered using gene editing tools. In this review, we discussed newly discovered functions, and analyzed the distribution of genes encoding these peptides throughout different insect orders. In addition, the location of the peptides that were confirmed by PCR or immunocytochemistry is also described. A phylogenetic tree was constructed according to the sequences of the receptors of most insect orders. This review offers an understanding of the significance of this conserved peptide family in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Dou
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Russell Jurenka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, Microbiology Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yun SH, Jang HS, Ahn SJ, Price BE, Hasegawa DK, Choi MY. Identification and characterisation of PRXamide peptides in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:603-614. [PMID: 37265417 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insect CAPA-PVK (periviscerokinin) and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides belong to the PRX family peptides and are produced from capa and pyrokinin genes. We identified and characterised the two genes from the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. The capa gene transcribes three splice variants, capa-a, -b, and -c, encoding two CAPA-PVKs (EVQGLFPFPRVamide; QGLIPFPRVamide) and two PKs (ASWMPSSSPRLamide; DSASFTPRLamide). The pyrokinin mRNA encodes three PKs: DLVTQVLQPGQTGMWFGPRLamide, SEGNLVNFTPRLamide, and ESGEQPEDLEGSMGGAATSRQLRTDSEPTWGFSPRLamide, the most extended pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) ortholog in insects. Multiple potential endoproteolytic cleavage sites were presented in the prepropeptides from the pyrokinin gene, creating ambiguity to predict mature peptides. To solve this difficulty, we used three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for CAPA-PVK, tryptophan PK (trpPK), and PK peptides, and evaluated the binding affinities of the peptides. The binding activities revealed each subfamily of peptides exclusively bind to their corresponding receptors, and were significant for determining the CAPA-PVK and PK peptides. Our biological method using specific GPCRs would be a valuable tool for determining mature peptides, particularly with multiple and ambiguous cleavage sites in those prepropeptides. Both capa and pyrokinin mRNAs were strongly expressed in the head/thorax, but minimally expressed in the abdomen. The two genes also were clearly expressed during most of the life stages. Whole-mounting immunocytochemistry revealed that neurons contained PRXamide peptides throughout the whole-body: four to six neurosecretory cells in the head, and three and seven pairs of immunostained cells in the thorax and abdomen, respectively. Notably, the unusual PRXamide profiles of Thysanoptera are different from the other insect groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Yun
- Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Briana E Price
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel K Hasegawa
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Fouchier A, Fruitet E, Lievers R, Kuperus P, Emerson J, Gould F, Heckel DG, Groot AT. Lipases and carboxylesterases affect moth sex pheromone compounds involved in interspecific mate recognition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7505. [PMID: 37980401 PMCID: PMC10657362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Moth sex pheromones are a classical model for studying sexual selection. Females typically produce a species-specific pheromone blend that attracts males. Revealing the enzymes involved in the interspecific variation in blend composition is key for understanding the evolution of these sexual communication systems. The nature of the enzymes involved in the variation of acetate esters, which are prominent compounds in moth pheromone blends, remains unclear. We identify enzymes involved in acetate degradation using two closely related moth species: Heliothis (Chloridea) subflexa and H. (C.) virescens, which have different quantities of acetate esters in their sex pheromone. Through comparative transcriptomic analyses and CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts, we show that two lipases and two esterases from H. virescens reduce the levels of pheromone acetate esters when expressed in H. subflexa females. Together, our results show that lipases and carboxylesterases are involved in tuning Lepidoptera pheromones composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Fouchier
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Elise Fruitet
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena, Germany
| | - Rik Lievers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuperus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Emerson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fred Gould
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David G Heckel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashok K, Bhargava CN, Asokan R, Pradeep C, Pradhan SK, Kennedy JS, Balasubramani V, Murugan M, Jayakanthan M, Geethalakshmi V, Manamohan M. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide ( PBAN) gene disrupts mating in the Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 37849767 PMCID: PMC10577122 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a globally important invasive pest, primarily on corn, causing severe yield loss. Overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused significant ecological harm, and in many instances control has failed. Therefore, developing efficient, environmentally friendly substitutes for sustainable management of this pest is of high priority. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing causes site-specific mutations that typically result in loss-of-function of the target gene. In this regard, identifying key genes that govern the reproduction of S. frugiperda and finding ways to introduce mutations in the key genes is very important for successfully managing this pest. In this study, the pheromone biosynthesis activator neuropeptide (PBAN) gene of S. frugiperda was cloned and tested for its function via a loss-of-function approach using CRISPR/Cas9. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex (single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the PBAN gene + Cas9 protein) was validated through in vitro restriction assay followed by embryonic microinjection into the G0 stage for in vivo editing of the target gene. Specific suppression of PBAN by CRISPR/Cas9 in females significantly affected mating. Mating studies between wild males and mutant females resulted in no fecundity. This was in contrast to when mutant males were crossed with wild females, which resulted in reduced fecundity. These results suggest that mating disruption is more robust where PBAN is edited in females. The behavioural bioassay using an olfactometer revealed that mutant females were less attractive to wild males compared to wild females. This study is the first of its kind, supporting CRISPR/Cas9 mediating editing of the PBAN gene disrupting mating in S. frugiperda. Understanding the potential use of these molecular techniques may help develop novel management strategies that target other key functional genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03798-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannasamy Ashok
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chikmagalur Nagaraja Bhargava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Ramasamy Asokan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Chalapathi Pradeep
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jaffar-Bandjee M, Figon F, Clémençon P, Renard JB, Casas J. Aerosol Alteration of Behavioral Response to Pheromone in Bombyx mori. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:353-362. [PMID: 37120695 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Because of the complexity to study them, aerosols have been neglected in nearly all studies on olfaction, especially studies dealing with odor capture. However, aerosols are present in large quantities in the atmosphere and have the physico-chemical ability to interact with odor molecules, in particular the many pheromones with low volatility. We submitted male moths of Bombyx mori to bombykol puffs, the main fatty alcohol component of its sex pheromone, depending on whether the air is free of aerosols, charged with ambient concentration aerosols or supplemented with aqueous aerosols and recorded their arousal behavior. Aerosols and pheromone do interact consistently over all experiments and moths react better in low aerosol-concentration conditions. We propose four hypotheses for explaining this impediment, the two most likely resorting to competition between odor molecules and aerosols for the olfactory pores and postulate a reversal to a positive impact of aerosols on communication, depending on the particular physico-chemical properties of the multiphasic interaction. Studying the partitioning between gas and particulate phases in the transport and reception of odors is key for advancing the chemico-physical understanding of olfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Jaffar-Bandjee
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France.
- Biomaterials Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Florent Figon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Clémençon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, CNRS - University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shirai Y, Ono H, Daimon T. Redundant actions of neuropeptides encoded by the dh-pban gene for larval color pattern formation in the oriental armyworm Mythimnaseparata. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103955. [PMID: 37146697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrokinin (PK)/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family, which is defined by a conserved C-terminal pentapeptide (FXPRLamide), is involved in many physiological processes in insects. In the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata, the larvae exhibit a variety of color patterns in response to changes in population density, which are caused by melanization and a reddish coloration hormone (MRCH), which is a member of the FXPRLamide neuropeptides. Interestingly, in some lepidopteran insects, MRCH is known as a PBAN, which activates the pheromone gland to produce sex pheromones. PBAN is encoded by a single gene, dh-pban, which encodes additional FXPRLamide neuropeptides, such as the diapause hormone (DH) and subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides (SGNPs). To determine the roles of the dh-pban gene, which produces multiple types of FXPRLamide neuropeptides after post-transcriptional cleavage of the precursor protein, we performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in M. separata. We demonstrated that knockout armyworm larvae lost density-dependent cuticular melanization and retained yellow body color, even when reared under crowded conditions. Moreover, our rescue experiments using the synthetic peptides showed that not only PBAN but also β- and γ-SGNPs significantly induce the cuticular melanization in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence that neuropeptides encoded by the single dh-pban gene act redundantly to control density-dependent color pattern formation in M. separata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shirai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hajime Ono
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaaki Daimon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farris SM. Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36661324 PMCID: PMC9853942 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The PRXamide neuropeptides have been described in both protostome and deuterostome species, including all major groups of the Panarthropoda. Best studied are the insect PRXamides consisting of three genes: pk/pban, capa, and eth, each encoding multiple short peptides that are cleaved post-translationally. Comparisons of genome and transcriptome sequences reveal that while retaining its fundamental ancestral organization, the products of the pk/pban gene have undergone significant change in the insect Order Diptera. Basal dipteran pk/pban genes are much like those of other holometabolous insects, while more crown species have lost two peptide coding sequences including the otherwise ubiquitous pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). In the genomic model species Drosophila melanogaster, one of the remaining peptides (hugin) plays a potentially novel role in feeding and locomotor regulation tied to circadian rhythms. Comparison of peptide coding sequences of pk/pban across the Diptera pinpoints the acquisition or loss of the hugin and PBAN peptide sequences respectively, and provides clues to associated changes in life history, physiology, and/or behavior. Interestingly, the neural circuitry underlying pk/pban function is highly conserved across the insects regardless of the composition of the pk/pban gene. The rapid evolution and diversification of the Diptera provide many instances of adaptive novelties from genes to behavior that can be placed in the context of emerging selective pressures at key points in their phylogeny; further study of changing functional roles of pk/pban may then be facilitated by the high-resolution genetic tools available in Drosophila melanogaster.
Collapse
|
8
|
Park Y, Vatanparast M. Suppression of PBAN receptor expression reduces fecundity in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21897. [PMID: 35368094 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the American continent is one of the world's most destructive insect pests. In most insects, sex pheromone production is initiated following the activation of a pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) receptor, which belongs to G protein-coupled receptor. We explored expression level of S. frugiperda PBAN receptor (Sf-PBANr) gene and validated the physiological function by assessing the fecundity of adult females subjected to its specific RNA interference (RNAi). Sf-PBANr was predicted from a transcriptome of S. frugiperda. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay showed its expression in all developmental stages of S. frugiperda. Specific suppression of Sf-PBANr by RNAi in either sex significantly reduced the total number of laid eggs per adult female. Matings between both RNAi-treated males and female resulted in 63.3% reduction in fecundity. In contrast, the RNAi effect was less 47.5%-49.5% at the matings from single-parent RNAi treatment. These results suggest that the Sf-PBANr is associated with female of S. frugiperda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Vatanparast
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thongbuakaew T, Mukem S, Chaiyamoon A, Khornchatri K, Kruangkum T, Cummins SF, Sobhon P. Characterization, expression, and function of the pyrokinins (PKs) in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275663. [PMID: 35578905 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyrokinins (PKs) are neuropeptides that have been found to regulate a variety of physiological activities including reproduction in various insect and crustacean species. However, the reproductive roles of PKs in the giant freshwater prawn have not yet been investigated. In this study, we identified the MroPK gene from next-generation sequence resources, which encodes a MroPK precursor that shares a high degree of conservation with the C-terminal sequence of FxPRLamide in other arthropods. MroPK is expressed within most tissues, except the hepatopancreas, stomach, and gill. Within developing ovarian tissue, MroPK expression was found to be significantly higher during the early stages (stages 1-2) compared with the late stages (stages 3-4), and could be localized to the oogonia, previtellogenic, and early vitellogenic oocytes. A role for PK in M. rosenbergii reproduction was supported following experimental administration of MroPK to ovarian explant cultures, showing an increase in the productions of progesterone and estradiol and upregulation of steroidogenesis-related genes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) and vitellogenin (Vg) expressions. Together, these results support a role for MroPK in regulating ovarian maturation via steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirirak Mukem
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Khornchatri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Thanapong Kruangkum
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiong C, Wulff JP, Nachman RJ, Pietrantonio PV. Myotropic Activities of Tick Pyrokinin Neuropeptides and Analog in Feeding Tissues of Hard Ticks (Ixodidae). Front Physiol 2022; 12:826399. [PMID: 35242048 PMCID: PMC8887807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.826399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides regulate many important physiological processes in animals. The G protein-coupled receptors of corresponding small neuropeptide ligands are considered promising targets for controlling arthropod pests. Pyrokinins (PKs) are pleiotropic neuropeptides that, in some insect species, stimulate muscle contraction and modulate pheromone biosynthesis, embryonic diapause, and feeding behavior. However, their function remains unknown in ticks. In this study, we reported the myotropic activity of tick endogenous PKs and a PK agonist analog, PK-PEG8 (MS[PEG8]-YFTPRLa), on feeding tissues of two tick species representing the family Ixodidae lineages, namely, Prostriata (Ixodes scapularis) and Metastriata (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). First, we predicted the sequences of two periviscerokinins (PVK), one with a derived ending RNa and five PKs encoded by the CAPA peptide precursor from R. sanguineus and found the encoded PKs were identical to those of R. microplus identified previously. The pharynx-esophagus of both tick species responded with increased contractions to 10 μM of the endogenous PK as well as to PK-PEG8 but not to the scrambled PK peptide, as expected. A dose-dependent myotropic activity of the PK-PEG8 was found for both tick species, validating the analog activity previously found in the pyrokinin recombinant receptor assay. In agreement with the tissue activity elicited, we quantified the relative transcript abundance of R. sanguineus PK receptor in unfed female ticks and found it was the highest in the feeding tissues extracted from the capitulum and lowest in the reproductive tissue. This is the first report of the activity of pyrokinins in ticks. These findings strongly indicate the potential role of PKs in regulating tick blood feeding and therefore, making the tick PK receptor a potential target for interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixing Xiong
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Juan P Wulff
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ronald J Nachman
- Insect Neuropeptide Lab, Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ragionieri L, Verdonck R, Verlinden H, Marchal E, Vanden Broeck J, Predel R. Schistocerca neuropeptides - An update. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 136:104326. [PMID: 34767790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We compiled a comprehensive list of 67 precursor genes encoding neuropeptides and neuropeptide-like peptides using the Schistocerca gregaria genome and several transcriptome datasets. 11 of these 67 precursor genes have alternative transcripts, bringing the total number of S. gregaria precursors identified in this study to 81. Based on this precursor information, we used different mass spectrometry approaches to identify the putative mature, bioactive peptides processed in the nervous system of S. gregaria. The thereby generated dataset for S. gregaria confirms significant conservation of the entire neuropeptidergic gene set typical of insects and also contains precursors typical of Polyneoptera only. This is in striking contrast to the substantial losses of peptidergic systems in some holometabolous species. The neuropeptidome of S. gregaria, apart from species-specific sequences within the known range of variation, is quite similar to that of Locusta migratoria and even to that of less closely related Polyneoptera. With the S. gregaria peptidomics data presented here, we have thus generated a very useful source of information that could also be relevant for the study of other polyneopteran species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Ragionieri
- University of Cologne, Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Rik Verdonck
- Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Heleen Verlinden
- Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Reinhard Predel
- University of Cologne, Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hull JJ, Brent CS, Choi MY, Mikó Z, Fodor J, Fónagy A. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Pyrokinin-Like Peptides in the Western Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100914. [PMID: 34680683 PMCID: PMC8541414 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuropeptides regulate most insect biological functions. One such group of peptides, the pyrokinins (PKs), are distinguished by a C-terminal FXPRLamide. While widely distributed in most insects, they are poorly characterized in plant bugs. To address this limitation, we identified the PK transcript in the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) and examined its expression. The Lygus PK transcript is predicted to yield three PK-like peptides but only two (LyghePKa and LyghePKb) have the characteristic C-terminal amide. The transcript is expressed throughout development and is most abundant in heads. A custom FXPRLamide antibody revealed immunoreactive cells throughout the Lygus central nervous system consistent with typical neuropeptide expression. To assess potential functional roles of the peptides, a fluorescence-based Ca2+ influx assay using cultured insect cells stably expressing a moth PK receptor was performed. LyghePKa was unable to stimulate receptor activation, whereas LyghePKb triggered a robust response. The in vivo pheromonotropic activity of the two peptides was likewise assessed using three different moth species. Like the cell culture system, only the LyghePKb peptide was active. The study suggests evolutionary divergence of the PK gene in plant bugs and provides critical insights into likely biological functions in the western tarnished plant bug. Abstract The pyrokinin (PK) family of insect neuropeptides, characterized by C termini consisting of either WFGPRLamide (i.e., PK1) or FXPRLamide (i.e., PK2), are encoded on the capa and pk genes. Although implicated in diverse biological functions, characterization of PKs in hemipteran pests has been largely limited to genomic, transcriptomic, and/or peptidomic datasets. The Lygus hesperus (western tarnished plant bug) PK transcript encodes a prepropeptide predicted to yield three PK2 FXPRLamide-like peptides with C-terminal sequences characterized by FQPRSamide (LyghePKa), FAPRLamide (LyghePKb), and a non-amidated YSPRF. The transcript is expressed throughout L. hesperus development with greatest abundance in adult heads. PRXamide-like immunoreactivity, which recognizes both pk- and capa-derived peptides, is localized to cells in the cerebral ganglia, gnathal ganglia/suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia. Immunoreactivity in the abdominal ganglia is largely consistent with capa-derived peptide expression, whereas the atypical fourth pair of immunoreactive cells may reflect pk-based expression. In vitro activation of a PK receptor heterologously expressed in cultured insect cells was only observed in response to LyghePKb, while no effects were observed with LyghePKa. Similarly, in vivo pheromonotropic effects were only observed following LyghePKb injections. Comparison of PK2 prepropeptides from multiple hemipterans suggests mirid-specific diversification of the pk gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Colin S. Brent
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA;
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Zsanett Mikó
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Formerly Affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.M.); (J.F.); (A.F.)
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Formerly Affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.M.); (J.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Formerly Affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.M.); (J.F.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang Y, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Yao S, Zhao W, Yin X, An S. Hexokinase Is Required for Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100889. [PMID: 34680657 PMCID: PMC8541617 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA, the precursor of sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera, is generated from glycolysis. As the first speed-limited enzyme in glycolysis, Hexokinase (HK) plays an important role in acetyl-CoA production. However, the function of HK in sex pheromone production remains unclear. This study employed H. armigera as material to explore the role of HK in sex pheromone production. Results demonstrated that the transcription profile of HaHK in female moth pheromone glands (PGs) was consistent with the release fluctuation of sex pheromone. Interference of HaHK prevented the increase of acetyl-CoA content induced by PBAN. Therefore, knockdown of HaHK in female PGs caused significant decreases in (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) production, female capability to attract males, and mating rate. Furthermore, sugar feeding (5% sugar) increased the transcription and enzymatic activity of HK. Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) signal phospho-activated HaHK in PGs and Sf9 cells via protein kinase A (PKA), as shown by pharmacological inhibitor analysis. In general, our study confirmed that PBAN/cAMP/PKA signal activated HaHK, in turn promoted glycolysis to ensure the supply of acetyl-CoA, and finally facilitated sex pheromone biosynthesis and subsequent mating behavior.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yao S, Zhang Y, Chang Y, Li X, Zhao W, An S. Pyruvate Kinase Is Required for Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707389. [PMID: 34421647 PMCID: PMC8371337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PYK) is a speed-limited enzyme of glycolysis that catalyzes the formation of pyruvate, and plays an important role in acetyl-CoA synthesis. The acetyl-CoA is the precursor of sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera. However, the role of PYK in sex pheromone biosynthesis remains elusive. Here, PYK in H. armigera (HaPYK) was found to be highly expressed in the pheromone glands (PGs). The developmental expression profile of HaPYK was consistent with the fluctuation of sex pheromone release. Function analysis revealed that the knockdown of HaPYK led to a decrease in the levels of pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA in PGs, which in turn caused a significant decrease in cis-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald) production, female capability to attract males, and mating frequency. Further study demonstrated that sugar feeding (5% sugar) increased the transcription and enzyme activity of HaPYK, thereby facilitating sex pheromone biosynthesis. Moreover, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) upregulated HaPYK activity through protein kinase C (PKC), as shown by PKC-specific inhibitor analysis. Altogether, our results revealed that PBAN activated HaPYK by Ca2+/PKC, thereby regulating the synthesis of pyruvate and subsequent acetyl-CoA, ensuring the supply of sex pheromone precursor, and finally facilitating sex pheromone biosynthesis and mating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi MY, Vander Meer RK. GPCR-Based Bioactive Peptide Screening Using Phage-Displayed Peptides and an Insect Cell System for Insecticide Discovery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040583. [PMID: 33923387 PMCID: PMC8071521 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new insecticides improves integrated pest management (IPM), but is usually a long high-risk process with a low probability of success. For over two decades, insect neuropeptides (NPs) and their G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been considered as biological targets for insect pest control, because they are involved in almost all physiological processes associated with insect life stages. A key roadblock to success has been the question of how large volume chemical libraries can be efficiently screened for active compounds. New genomic and proteomic tools have advanced and facilitated the development of new approaches to insecticide discovery. In this study, we report a novel GPCR-based screening technology that uses millions of short peptides randomly generated by bacteriophages, and a method using an insect Sf9 cell expression system. The fire ant is a good model system, since bioactive peptides have been identified for a specific GPCR. The novel small peptides could interfere with the target GPCR-ligand functions. Therefore, we refer to this new mechanism as “receptor interference” (RECEPTORi). The GPCR-based bioactive peptide screening method offers multiple advantages. Libraries of phage-displayed peptides (~109 peptides) are inexpensive. An insect cell-based screening system rapidly leads to target specific GPCR agonists or antagonists in weeks. Delivery of bioactive peptides to target pests can be flexible, such as topical, ingestion, and plant-incorporated protectants. A variety of GPCR targets are available, thus minimizing the development of potential insecticide resistance. This report provides the first proof-of-concept for the development of novel arthropod pest management strategies using neuropeptides, and GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert K. Vander Meer
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen K, Ye Y, Troje NF, Zhou W. Oxytocin modulates human chemosensory decoding of sex in a dose-dependent manner. eLife 2021; 10:59376. [PMID: 33439831 PMCID: PMC7806258 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been accumulating evidence of human social chemo-signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Considering the evolutionarily conserved roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in reproductive and social behaviors, we examined whether the two neuropeptides are involved in the subconscious processing of androsta-4,16,-dien-3-one and estra-1,3,5 (10),16-tetraen-3-ol, two human chemosignals that convey masculinity and femininity to the targeted recipients, respectively. Psychophysical data collected from 216 heterosexual and homosexual men across five experiments totaling 1056 testing sessions consistently showed that such chemosensory communications of masculinity and femininity were blocked by a competitive antagonist of both oxytocin and vasopressin receptors called atosiban, administered nasally. On the other hand, intranasal oxytocin, but not vasopressin, modulated the decoding of androstadienone and estratetraenol in manners that were dose-dependent, nonmonotonic, and contingent upon the recipients’ social proficiency. Taken together, these findings establish a causal link between neuroendocrine factors and subconscious chemosensory communications of sex-specific information in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kepu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alvarado-Delgado A, Martínez-Barnetche J, Téllez-Sosa J, Rodríguez MH, Gutiérrez-Millán E, Zumaya-Estrada FA, Saldaña-Navor V, Rodríguez MC, Tello-López Á, Lanz-Mendoza H. Prediction of neuropeptide precursors and differential expression of adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide, hugin and corazonin in the brain of malaria vector Nyssorhynchus albimanus during a Plasmodium berghei infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:100014. [PMID: 36003598 PMCID: PMC9387463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We describe precursors that predicted at least sixty neuropeptides in Ny. albimanus. At least 16 precursors are encoded in the Ny. albimanus brain. Myosuppressin neuropeptide precursor was identified in Ny albimanus. acp and hugin transcripts increased in Ny. albimanus brains infected with P. berghei.
Insect neuropeptides, play a central role in the control of many physiological processes. Based on an analysis of Nyssorhynchus albimanus brain transcriptome a neuropeptide precursor database of the mosquito was described. Also, we observed that adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP), hugin and corazonin encoding genes were differentially expressed during Plasmodium infection. Transcriptomic data from Ny. albimanus brain identified 29 pre-propeptides deduced from the sequences that allowed the prediction of at least 60 neuropeptides. The predicted peptides include isoforms of allatostatin C, orcokinin, corazonin, adipokinetic hormone (AKH), SIFamide, capa, hugin, pigment-dispersing factor, adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP), tachykinin-related peptide, trissin, neuropeptide F, diuretic hormone 31, bursicon, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), allatotropin, allatostatin A, ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44), insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and eclosion hormone (EH). The analysis of the genome of An. albimanus and the generated transcriptome, provided evidence for the identification of myosuppressin neuropeptide precursor. A quantitative analysis documented increased expression of precursors encoding ACP peptide, hugin and corazonin in the mosquito brain after Plasmodium berghei infection. This work represents an initial effort to characterize the neuropeptide precursors repertoire of Ny. albimanus and provides information for understanding neuroregulation of the mosquito response during Plasmodium infection.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yao S, Wang G, Wei J, Du M, An S, Yin X. Supplemental Sugar Is Required for Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in Mythimna separata. Front Physiol 2020; 11:605145. [PMID: 33391019 PMCID: PMC7775516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental nutrients of adult moths maximize moth fitness and contribute to the pollination of many plants. Previous reports have revealed that sugar feeding promotes to sex pheromone biosynthesis by increasing the haemolymph trehalose concentration in mating moths. Here, Mythimna separata adults were employed as a model to investigate the effect of sugar feeding on sex pheromone biosynthesis. Results showed that in virgin females, sugar feeding markedly increased the concentrations of trehalose, pyruvic acid, and acyl-CoA in pheromone glands (PGs), which in turn led to an increase in sex pheromone titer, female ability to attract males and successfully mating frequency in sugar-fed females. Consistently, sugar-fed females laid more eggs than water-fed females. Furthermore, the refeeding of starved females also caused significantly increase in the concentrations of trehalose, pyruvic acid, and acyl-CoA in PGs, thus facilitating a significant increase in sex pheromone production. Most importantly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of trehalase (leading to PG starvation) resulted in an increase in trehalose content, and decrease in the concentrations of pyruvic acid, and acyl-CoA in PGs, which in turn led to a decrease of sex pheromone titer, female ability to attract males and successful mating efficacy. Altogether, results revealed a mechanism by which sugar feeding contributed to trehalose utilization in PGs, promoted to significantly increased sex pheromone precursor by increasing the concentrations of pyruvic acid and acyl-CoA, and facilitated to sex pheromone biosynthesis and successful mating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuangyan Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaoping Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jizhen Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengfang Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiheng An
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahn SJ, Mc Donnell RJ, Corcoran JA, Martin RC, Choi MY. Identification and functional characterization of the first molluscan neuromedin U receptor in the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22308. [PMID: 33339848 PMCID: PMC7749107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NmU) is a neuropeptide regulating diverse physiological processes. The insect homologs of vertebrate NmU are categorized as PRXamide family peptides due to their conserved C-terminal end. However, NmU homologs have been elusive in Mollusca, the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Here we report the first molluscan NmU/PRXamide receptor from the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Two splicing variants of the receptor gene were functionally expressed and tested for binding with ten endogenous peptides from the slug and some insect PRXamide and vertebrate NmU peptides. Three heptapeptides (QPPLPRYa, QPPVPRYa and AVPRPRIa) triggered significant activation of the receptors, suggesting that they are true ligands for the NmU/PRXamide receptor in the slug. Synthetic peptides with structural modifications at different amino acid positions provided important insights on the core moiety of the active peptides. One receptor variant always exhibited higher binding activity than the other variant. The NmU-encoding genes were highly expressed in the slug brain, while the receptor gene was expressed at lower levels in general with relatively higher expression levels in both the brain and foot. Injection of the bioactive peptides into slugs triggered defensive behavior such as copious mucus secretion and a range of other anomalous behaviors including immobilization, suggesting their role in important physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Rory J Mc Donnell
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jacob A Corcoran
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Biological Control of Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ruth C Martin
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lajevardi A, Paluzzi JPV. Receptor Characterization and Functional Activity of Pyrokinins on the Hindgut in the Adult Mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Front Physiol 2020; 11:490. [PMID: 32528310 PMCID: PMC7255104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrokinins are structurally related insect neuropeptides, characterized by their myotropic, pheromonotropic and melanotropic roles in some insects, but their function is unclear in blood-feeding arthropods. In the present study, we functionally characterized the pyrokinin-1 and pyrokinin-2 receptors (PK1-R and PK2-R, respectively), in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, using a heterologous cell system to characterize their selective and dose-responsive activation by members of two distinct pyrokinin subfamilies. We also assessed transcript-level expression of these receptors in adult organs and found the highest level of PK1-R transcript in the posterior hindgut (rectum) while PK2-R expression was enriched in the anterior hindgut (ileum) as well as in reproductive organs, suggesting these to be prominent target sites for their peptidergic ligands. In support of this, PRXa-like immunoreactivity (where X = V or L) was localized to innervation along the hindgut. Indeed, we identified a myoinhibitory role for a PK2 on the ileum where PK2-R transcript was enriched. However, although we found that PK1 did not influence myoactivity or Na+ transport in isolated recta, the PRXa-like immunolocalization terminating in close association to the rectal pads and the significant enrichment of PK1-R transcript in the rectum suggests this organ could be a target of PK1 signaling and may regulate the excretory system in this important disease vector species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Lajevardi
- Laboratory of Integrative Vector Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul V Paluzzi
- Laboratory of Integrative Vector Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang YY, Luo M, Fu XG, Zheng LX, Wei HY. Mating Disruption of Chilo suppressalis From Sex Pheromone of Another Pyralid Rice Pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5860037. [PMID: 32559298 PMCID: PMC7304561 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), and the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, are two of the most destructive lepidopteran pests in rice. Since these two pyralid insects overlap in their occurrence in rice paddy fields, farmers prefer to set their pheromone-baited traps together in the rice fields for their monitoring. However, our field observation demonstrated that no male adult of C. suppressalis was captured in traps baited with commercial sex pheromone of C. suppressalis (CCS) combined with commercial sex pheromone of C. medinalis (CCM). To confirm that the C. medinalis sex pheromone component(s) interfere with the attraction of males of the rice stem borers to their conspecific females, single components of C. medinalis sex pheromone combined with CCS in traps were tested in the laboratory and rice paddy field. The results revealed that the two alcohol components in CCM, i.e., (Z)-11-octadecen-1-ol (Z11-18: OH) and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol (Z13-18: OH) may cause a significant reduction in capturing C. suppressalis males caused by CCS. We recommend against using these sex pheromones together in the field and suggest that Z11-18: OH and Z13-18: OH could be potential inhibitors or antagonists of C. suppressalis sex pheromone to control the rice stem borer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-yong Liang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei Luo
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Xiao-gang Fu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-xia Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-yi Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Tao J, Zong S. Identification of putative Type-I sex pheromone biosynthesis-related genes expressed in the female pheromone gland of Streltzoviella insularis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227666. [PMID: 31945099 PMCID: PMC6964838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific sex pheromones play key roles in moth sexual communication. Although the general pathway of Type-I sex pheromone biosynthesis is well established, only a handful of genes encoding enzymes involved in this pathway have been characterized. Streltzoviella insularis is a destructive wood-boring pest of many street trees in China, and the female sex pheromone of this species comprises a blend of (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate. This organism therefore provides an excellent model for research on the diversity of genes and molecular mechanisms involved in pheromone production. Herein, we assembled the pheromone gland transcriptome of S. insularis by next-generation sequencing and identified 74 genes encoding candidate key enzymes involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, and functional group modification. In addition, tissue expression patterns further showed that an acetyl-CoA carboxylase and two desaturases were highly expressed in the pheromone glands compared with the other tissues, indicating possible roles in S. insularis sex pheromone biosynthesis. Finally, we proposed putative S. insularis biosynthetic pathways for sex pheromone components and highlighted candidate genes. Our findings lay a solid foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning S. insularis sex pheromone biosynthesis, and provide potential targets for disrupting chemical communication that could assist the development of novel pest control methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takahashi T. Comparative Aspects of Structure and Function of Cnidarian Neuropeptides. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32528418 PMCID: PMC7266959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians are early-branching animals in the eukaryotic tree of life. The phylum Cnidaria are divided into five classes: Scyphozoa (true jellyfish), Cubozoa (box jellyfish), Hydrozoa (species, Hydra and Hydractinia), Anthozoa (sea anemone, corals, and sea pen), and Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish). Peptides play important roles as signaling molecules in development and differentiation in cnidaria. For example, cnidaria use peptides for cell-to cell communication. Recent discoveries show that Hydra neuropeptides control several biological processes including muscle contraction, neuron differentiation, and metamorphosis. Here, I describe the structure and functions of neuropeptides in Hydra and other cnidarian species. I also discuss that so-called primitive nervous system of Hydra is in more complex than generally believed. I also discuss how cnidaria use peptides for communication among cells rather than in higher animals.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hughes GP, Cardé RT. Do Helicoverpa armigera Moths Signal Their Fecundity by Emission of an Antagonist? J Chem Ecol 2019; 46:21-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
25
|
Senthilkumar R, Srinivasan R. Sex-specific spatial and temporal gene expressions of Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and binding proteins (PBP/OBP) in Spoladea recurvalis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3515. [PMID: 30837549 PMCID: PMC6401106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spoladea recurvalis is one of the most destructive insect pests of amaranth, a leafy vegetable in both Asia and Africa. The present study characterized the pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN) and pheromone/odorant binding proteins in S. recurvalis. The open reading frame of 600 base pairs encodes a 200-amino acid protein possessing five neuropeptide motifs (DH, PBAN, α-, β-, and γ- subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides) and shares a characteristic conserved C-terminal pentapeptide fragment FXPRL. The full-length genome of Spre-DH-PBAN was 4,295 bp in length and comprised of six exons interspersed by five introns. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of Spre-DH-PBAN have high similarity to its homologs in Crambidae of Lepidopteran order. We quantitatively measured the relative expression level (qRT_PCR) of Spre-DH-PBAN gene, the binding proteins such as odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and pheromone binding protein (PBPs) at different developmental stages. The results confirmed their role in recognition and chemoreception of sex pheromone components, and they were distinct, tissue- and sex-specific. This is the first report on the molecular analysis of PBAN gene and binding proteins, which can improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of growth, development, and reproductive behavior of S. recurvalis, and may become effective targets for controlling this insect.
Collapse
|
26
|
Choi MY, Vander Meer RK. Phenotypic Effects of PBAN RNAi Using Oral Delivery of dsRNA to Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Tobacco Budworm Larvae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:434-439. [PMID: 30508147 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides represent more than 90% of all insect hormones. The pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN)/pyrokinin family is a major group of insect neuropeptides. These neuropeptides regulate a variety of biological functions from embryo to adult in moths including, sex pheromone biosynthesis and diapause. Other functions are yet to be determined. The identification of suitable target genes is most important for the successful application of RNA interference (RNAi) for pest insect control. Insect neuropeptide genes including PBAN are known to have multiple functions and could be a good target for RNAi suppression. In this study, we selected the PBAN gene and its neuropeptide products as an RNAi target for two economically important moth species, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). We investigated RNAi effects on immature moths that had ingested the specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) starting at the first instar larva through pupation. We report that RNAi treatments resulted in delay of larval growth, interference of pupal development, and mortality in the two pest moths. In addition, we selected small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to determine if they have negative phenotypic effects similar to their full-length RNAi parents. This is one of the few examples of negative RNAi effects on lepidopteran pests via feeding and suggests possible RNAi-based control of pest moths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR
| | - Robert K Vander Meer
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahn SJ, Choi MY. Identification and characterization of capa and pyrokinin genes in the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera): Gene structure, immunocytochemistry, and differential expression. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21500. [PMID: 30188567 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CAPA and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides are produced from two different genes, capa and pyrokinin, respectively. In this study, we identified and characterized the capa and pyrokinin genes from the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera). The capa gene encodes two CAPA-PVK (periviscerokinin) peptides (DAGLFPFPRVamide and EQLIPFPRVamide) and one CAPA-DH (diapause hormone; NGASGNGGLWFGPRLamide). The pyrokinin gene encodes three PK2 peptides (QLVSFRPRLamide, SPPFAPRLamide, and FYAPFSPRLamide). The whole-mounting immunocytochemistry revealed the neurons contained PRXamide-like peptides throughout the cerebral ganglia (CRG), gnathal ganglia (GNG), thoracic ganglia (TG), and abdominal ganglia (AG). A pair of neurosecretory cells in the CRG and three cell clusters in the GNG were found with the axonal projections extended through the lateral side. A pair of immunostained cells were found in the TG, while three pairs of cells were present in the fused AG. Different expression patterns of capa and pyrokinin genes were observed in the CRG-GNG, TG, and AG. The capa gene was highly expressed in the AG tissue, whereas the pyrokinin gene was strongly expressed in the CRG-GNG. Interestingly, different developmental stages showed similar expressions of both genes, with the highest from the first nymph, gradually decreasing to the female adult. Comparison of peptide sequences encoded from pyrokinin genes showed the PK1 peptide is lost in Heteroptera suborders including H. halys, but retained in other suborders. The missing PK1 from the pyrokinin gene might be compensated by CAPA-DH (=PK1-like) produced by the capa gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fodor J, Hull JJ, Köblös G, Jacquin-Joly E, Szlanka T, Fónagy A. Identification and functional characterization of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor isoforms from Mamestra brassicae. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:60-69. [PMID: 28579335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most moth species, including Mamestra brassicae, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates pheromone production. Generally, PBAN acts directly on the pheromone gland (PG) cells via its specific G protein-coupled receptor (i.e. PBANR) with Ca2+ as a second messenger. In this study, we identified cDNAs encoding three variants (A, B and C) of the M. brassicae PBANR (Mambr-PBANR). The full-length coding sequences were transiently expressed in cultured Trichoplusia ni cells and Sf9 cells for functional characterization. All three isoforms dose-dependently mobilized extracellular Ca2+ in response to PBAN analogs with Mambr-PBANR-C exhibiting the greatest sensitivity. Fluorescent confocal microscopy imaging studies demonstrated binding of a rhodamine red-labeled ligand (RR10CPBAN) to all three Mambr-PBANR isoforms. RR10CPBAN binding did not trigger ligand-induced internalization in cells expressing PBANR-A, but did in cells expressing the PBANR-B and -C isoforms. Furthermore, activation of the PBANR-B and -C isoforms with the 18 amino acid Mambr-pheromonotropin resulted in co-localization with a Drosophila melanogaster arrestin homolog (Kurtz), whereas stimulation with an unrelated peptide had no effect. PCR-based profiling of the three transcripts revealed a basal level of expression throughout development with a dramatic increase in PG transcripts from the day of adult emergence with PBANR-C being the most abundant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Joe Hull
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriella Köblös
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRA iEES-Paris, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Route de Saint-Cyr, Cedex 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Tamás Szlanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang JC, Ramasamy S. Transcriptome analysis in the beet webworm, Spoladea recurvalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:33-44. [PMID: 27433928 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The beet webworm, Spoladea recurvalis Fabricius, is a destructive pest on vegetable crops in tropics and subtropics; its main host plant is amaranth. It has become imperative to develop non-chemical methods to control S. recurvalis on amaranth. However, the lack of molecular information about this species has hindered the development of novel pest management strategies. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing covering de novo sequence assemblies, functional annotation of transcripts, gene function classification and enrichment was performed on S. recurvalis. Illumina sequencing generated a total of 120 435 transcript contigs ranging from 201 to 22 729 bases with a mean length of 688 bases. The assembled transcripts were subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool-X (BLASTX) to obtain the annotations against non-redundant, Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) protein databases. A subset of 58 225 transcript sequences returned hits from known proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and the majority of the transcript sequences had the highest number of hits for Danaus plexippus (50.43%). A total of 1217 Gene Ontology-level 3 annotations were assigned to 51 805 transcripts, while 39 650 transcripts were predicted as functional protein-coding genes in the COG database and 20 037 transcripts were enriched to KEGG pathways. We identified 40 putative genes related to pheromone production and reception in S. recurvalis, with the expression of one gene between 0.29 and 1141.79 fragments per kilo base per million (FPKM) reads. The transcriptome sequence of S. recurvalis is a first step toward offering a comprehensive genomic resource which would enable better understanding of molecular mechanisms to enable development of effective pest management practices for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Cheng Chang
- AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Henneken J, Jones TM. Pheromones-based sexual selection in a rapidly changing world. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:84-88. [PMID: 29208228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insects utilise chemical cues for a range of different purposes and the complexity and degree of specificity of these signals is arguably unparalleled in the animal kingdom. Chemical signals are particularly important for insect reproduction and the selective pressures driving their evolution and maintenance have been the subject of previous reviews. However, the world in which chemical cues evolved and are maintained is changing at an unprecedented rate. How (or indeed whether) chemical signals used in sexual selection will respond is largely unknown. Here, we explore how recent increases in urbanisation and associated anthropogenic impacts may affect how chemical signals are produced and perceived. We focus on four anthropomorphic influences which have the potential to interact with pheromone-mediated sexual selection processes; climatic temperature shifts, exposure to chemical pollutants, the presence of artificial light at night and nutrient availability. Our aim is to provide a broad overview of key areas where the rapidly changing environment of the future might specifically affect pheromones utilised in sexual selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Henneken
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Therésa M Jones
- The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jurenka R. Regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in moths. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:29-35. [PMID: 29208220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Female moths release sex pheromones for attracting males from a distance. Most moths are nocturnal so there is a periodicity to the release of sex pheromone. The temporal release of sex pheromone in most moths is regulated by calling behavior and by the biosynthesis of sex pheromone. In most moths, biosynthesis occurs in the pheromone gland and is controlled by the neuropeptide PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide). PBAN is produced in the subesophageal ganglion and released into circulation where it travels to the pheromone gland to activate pheromone biosynthesis. The G-protein coupled receptor that binds PBAN has been identified as well as aspects of signal transduction to activate the biosynthetic pathway. This review will highlight recent advances in the study of regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in moths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jurenka
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Du M, Liu X, Ma N, Liu X, Wei J, Yin X, Zhou S, Rafaeli A, Song Q, An S. Calcineurin-mediated Dephosphorylation of Acetyl-coA Carboxylase is Required for Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN)-induced Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:2138-2152. [PMID: 28978618 PMCID: PMC5724177 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical signaling plays a critical role in the behavior and physiology of many animals. Female insects, as many other animals, release sex pheromones to attract males for mating. The evolutionary and ecological success of insects therefore hinges on their ability to precisely mediate (including initiation and termination) pheromone biosynthesis. Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) acts directly on pheromone glands to regulate sex pheromone production using Ca2+ and cyclic-AMP as secondary messengers in the majority of species. However, the molecular mechanism downstream of the secondary messengers has not yet been elucidated in heliothine species. The present study shows that calcineurin, protein kinase A (PKA) and acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) are key components involved in PBAN-induced sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera using PBAN-dependent phosphoproteomics in combination with transcriptomics. RNAi-mediated knockdown and inhibitor assay demonstrated that calcineurin A is required for PBAN-induced ACC activation and sex pheromone production. Calcineurin-dependent phosphoproteomics and in vitro calcineurin phosphorylation assay further revealed that calcineurin regulated ACC activity by dephosphorylating ser84 and ser92. In addition, PKA-dependent phosphoproteomics and activity analysis revealed that PKA reduces the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a negative regulator of ACC by phosphorylating the conserved ser92. Taken together, our findings indicate that calcineurin acts as the downstream signal of PBAN/G-protein receptor/Ca2+ to activate ACC through dephosphorylation while inactivating AMPK via PKA to reduce ACC phosphorylation, thus facilitating calcineurin activation of ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfang Du
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jizheng Wei
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Yin
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shutang Zhou
- §Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, China
| | - Ada Rafaeli
- ¶Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Qisheng Song
- ‖Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shiheng An
- From the ‡State key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen DS, Dai JQ, Han SC. Identification of the pheromone biosynthesis genes from the sex pheromone gland transcriptome of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16255. [PMID: 29176628 PMCID: PMC5701256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth was estimated to increase costs to the global agricultural economy as the global area increase of Brassica vegetable crops and oilseed rape. Sex pheromones traps are outstanding tools available in Integrated Pest Management for many years and provides an effective approach for DBM population monitoring and control. The ratio of two major sex pheromone compounds shows geographical variations. However, the limitation of our information in the DBM pheromone biosynthesis dampens our understanding of the ratio diversity of pheromone compounds. Here, we constructed a transcriptomic library from the DBM pheromone gland and identified genes putatively involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis, pheromones functional group transfer, and β-oxidation enzymes. In addition, odorant binding protein, chemosensory protein and pheromone binding protein genes encoded in the pheromone gland transcriptome, suggest that female DBM moths may receive odors or pheromone compounds via their pheromone gland and ovipositor system. Tissue expression profiles further revealed that two ALR, three DES and one FAR5 genes were pheromone gland tissue biased, while some chemoreception genes expressed extensively in PG, pupa, antenna and legs tissues. Finally, the candidate genes from large-scale transcriptome information may be useful for characterizing a presumed biosynthetic pathway of the DBM sex pheromone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Song Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qing Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shi-Chou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ragionieri L, Özbagci B, Neupert S, Salts Y, Davidovitch M, Altstein M, Predel R. Identification of mature peptides from pban and capa genes of the moths Heliothis peltigera and Spodoptera littoralis. Peptides 2017; 94:1-9. [PMID: 28502715 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
By transcriptome analysis, we identified PBAN and CAPA precursors in the moths Spodoptera littoralis and Heliothis peltigera which are among the most damaging pests of agriculture in tropical and subtropical Africa as well as in Mediterranean countries. A combination of mass spectrometry and immunocytochemistry was used to identify mature peptides processed from these precursors and to reveal their spatial distribution in the CNS. We found that the sites of expression of pban genes, the structure of PBAN precursors and the processed neuropeptides are very similar in noctuid moths. The sequence of the diapause hormone (DH; tryptopyrokinin following the signal peptide), however, contains two N-terminal amino acids more than expected from comparison with already published sequences of related species. Capa genes of S. littoralis and H. peltigera encode, in addition to periviscerokinins, a tryptopyrokinin showing sequence similarity with DH, which is the tryptopyrokinin of the pban gene. CAPA peptides, which were not known from any noctuid moth so far, are produced in cells of abdominal ganglia. The shape of the release sites of these hormones in H. peltigera represents an exceptionally derived trait state and does not resemble the well-structured abdominal perisympathetic organs which are known from many other insects. Instead, axons of CAPA cells extensively ramify within the ventral diaphragm. The novel information regarding the sequences of all mature peptides derived from pban and capa genes of H. peltigera and S. littoralis now enables a detailed analysis of the bioactivity and species-specificity of the native peptides, especially those from the hitherto unknown capa genes, and to explore their interactions with PBAN/DH receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Ragionieri
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Functional Peptidomics Group, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Burak Özbagci
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Functional Peptidomics Group, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neupert
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Functional Peptidomics Group, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuval Salts
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Miriam Altstein
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Reinhard Predel
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, Functional Peptidomics Group, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi MY, Ahn SJ, Kim AY, Koh Y. Identification and characterization of pyrokinin and CAPA peptides, and corresponding GPCRs from spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:354-362. [PMID: 28069423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family of FXPRLamide peptides serves as a major insect hormone. It is characterized by a core active amino acid sequence conserved at the C-terminal ends, and provides various physiological roles across the Insecta. In this study we identified and characterized pyrokinin (PK) and CAPA cDNAs encoding two FXPRLamide peptides, pyrokinin and CAPA-DH (diapause hormone), and two corresponding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii. Expressions of PK and CAPA mRNAs were differentially observed during all life stages except the embryo, and the detection of CAPA transcription was relatively strong compared with the PK gene in SWD. Both D. suzukii pyrokinin receptor (DrosuPKr) and CAPA-DH receptor (DrosuCAPA-DHr) were functionally expressed and confirmed through binding to PK and DH peptides. Differential expression of two GPCRs occurred during all life stages; a strong transcription of DrosuPKr was observed in the 3rd instar. DrosuCAPA-DHr was clearly expressed from the embryo to the larva, but not detected in the adult. Gene regulation during the life stages was not synchronized between ligand and receptor. For example, SWD CAPA mRNA has been up-regulated in the adult while CAPA-DHr was down-regulated. The difference could be from the CAPA mRNA translating multiple peptides including CAPA-DH and two CAPA-PVK (periviscerokinin) peptides to act on different receptors. Comparing the genes of SWD PK, CAPA, PKr and CAPA-DHr to four corresponding genes of D. melanogaster, SWD CAPA and the receptor are more similar to D. melanogaster than PK and the receptor. These data suggest that the CAPA gene could be evolutionally more conserved to have a common biological role in insects. In addition, the effect of Kozak sequences was investigated by the expression of the GPCRs with or without Kozak sequences in Sf9 insect cells. The Kozak sequenced PK receptor was significantly less active than the original (= no Kozak sequenced) receptor. Our results provide a knowledge for potential biological function(s) of PK and CAPA-DH peptides in SWD, and possibly offer a novel control method for this pest insect in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A Young Kim
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Koh
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wei H, Chang H, Zheng L, Lin S, Chen Y, Tian H, Zhao J, Chen Y, Cai H, Gu X, Murugan K. Identification and expression profiling of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in Chlumetia transversa (Walker). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 135:89-96. [PMID: 28043337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides (NPs) in the pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family are actively involved in many essential endocrine functions. These peptides are potential targets in the search for novel insect control agents. This is the first report on the cloning and sequence determination of Chlumetia transversa (Walker) PBAN (Ct-PBAN) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The open reading frame of Ct-PBAN was 588bp in length and encoded 195 amino acids, which were assembled into five putative neuropeptides (diapause hormone homolog, α-neuropeptide, β-neuropeptide, PBAN, and γ-neuropeptide). These peptides were amidated at C-terminus and shared the conserved pentapeptide motif FXPR (or K) L. Moreover, Ct-PBAN had high homology to PBANs in Helicoverpa zea (84.1%), Helicoverpa armigera (83.5%), Helicoverpa assulta (83%), and Heliothis virescens (82.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ct-PBAN was closely related to its orthologs in the family Noctuidae. In addition, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays showed that the expression of Ct-PBAN peaked in the female head and was also detected at high levels in 1-d-old adults. These results suggested that Ct-PBAN is associated with sex pheromone biosynthesis in female C. transversa and could be used for developing C. transversa control systems based on molecular techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxia Dian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Houjun Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, ', 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, 247 Wusi Road, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Hongjiao Cai
- Fishery college, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxia Dian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Verdonck R, De Haes W, Cardoen D, Menschaert G, Huhn T, Landuyt B, Baggerman G, Boonen K, Wenseleers T, Schoofs L. Fast and Reliable Quantitative Peptidomics with labelpepmatch. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerben Menschaert
- Research
Group of Bio-informatics and Computational Genomics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Chemistry
Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Geert Baggerman
- CFP/CeProMa, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Vito, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Biology
Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Moth sexual pheromones are widely studied as a fine-tuned system of intraspecific sexual communication that reinforces interspecific reproductive isolation. However, their evolution poses a dilemma: How can the female pheromone and male preference simultaneously change to create a new pattern of species-specific attraction? Solving this puzzle requires us to identify the genes underlying intraspecific variation in signals and responses and to understand the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their interspecific divergence. Candidate gene approaches and functional analyses have yielded insights into large families of biosynthetic enzymes and pheromone receptors, although the factors controlling their expression remain largely unexplored. Intra- and interspecific crosses have provided tantalizing evidence of regulatory genes, although, to date, mapping resolution has been insufficient to identify them. Recent advances in high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing, together with established techniques, have great potential to help scientists identify the specific genetic changes underlying divergence and resolve the mystery of how moth sexual communication systems evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Köblös G, Dankó T, Sipos K, Geiger Á, Szlanka T, Fodor J, Fónagy A. The regulation of Δ11-desaturase gene expression in the pheromone gland of Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) during pheromonogenesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 221:217-27. [PMID: 25796477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) females produce sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. In our M. brassicae colony, the pheromone blend is composed of Z11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16Ac) and hexadecyl acetate (16Ac) in a 93:7 ratio. A fatty acyl Δ11-desaturase is involved in the production of the main pheromone component. The release of Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates the pheromone production in the pheromone gland (PG). We cloned a cDNA encoding the MambrΔ11-desaturase and analyzed its expression profile over time in M. brassicae tissues. Transcript levels of the Δ11-desaturase in larvae, pupal PGs, fat body, brain and muscle tissues were <0.1% of that in female PGs, whereas expression in male genitalia was 2%. In the PGs of virgin females the expression level increased continuously from eclosion to the end of the 1st day when it reached a plateau without further significant fluctuation up to the 8th day. In contrast, we recorded a characteristic daily rhythmicity in pheromone production with a maximum around 200 ng Z11-16Ac/PG. In some experiments, females were decapitated to prevent PBAN release and thereby inhibit pheromone production, which remarkably increased after treatment with Mambr-Pheromonotropin. Further experiments revealed that mating resulted in a significant suppression of pheromone production. However, expression of the Δ11-desaturase was not affected by any of these interventions, suggesting that it's not regulated by PBAN. Fluorescent microscopy was used to study the potential role of lipid droplets during pheromone production, however, no lipid droplets were identified indicating that pheromonogenesis is regulated via de novo fatty acid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Köblös
- Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dankó
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Analysis Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Sipos
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Analysis Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Geiger
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Ménesi út, 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szlanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Fodor
- Department of Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Analysis Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choi MY, Sanscrainte ND, Estep AS, Vander Meer RK, Becnel JJ. Identification and expression of a new member of the pyrokinin/pban gene family in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 79:55-62. [PMID: 26050919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The major family of neuropeptides (NPs) derived from the pk (pyrokinin)/pban (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide) gene are defined by a common FXPRL-NH2 or similar sequence at the C-termini. This family of peptides has been found in all insect groups investigated to date and is implicated in regulating various physiological functions, including pheromone biosynthesis and diapause, but other functions are still largely unknown in specific life stages. Here we identify two isoforms of pk/pban cDNA encoding the PBAN domain from the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. The two pk/pban isoforms have the same sequence except for a 63 nucleotide difference between the long and short forms, and contain no alternative mRNA splicing site. Two NP homologues, DASGDNGSDSQRTRPPFAPRLamide and SLPFSPRLamide are expected, however, sequence corresponding to the diapause hormone was not found in the P. papatasi pk/pban gene. The PBAN-like amino acid sequence homologue SNKYMTPRL is conserved in the gene, but there is no cleavage site for processing a functional peptide. Characterizing the expression of the isoforms in developmental stages and adults indicates that the short form is differentially transcribed depending on the life stage. The P. papatasi pk/pban gene is the only known pk/pban gene with two transcriptional isoforms and from examination of endoproteolytic cleavage sites is expected to produce fewer peptides than most of the pk/pban genes elucidated to date; only Drosophila melanogaster is simpler with a single NP detected by mass spectroscopy. A phylogenetic analysis showed P. papatasi pk/pban grouped more closely with other nematoceran flies rather than higher flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yeon Choi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Neil D Sanscrainte
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alden S Estep
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Box 43, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL 32212-0043, USA
| | - Robert K Vander Meer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - James J Becnel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang H, Wei Z, Nachman RJ, Kaczmarek K, Zabrocki J, Park Y. Functional characterization of five different PRXamide receptors of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum with peptidomimetics and identification of agonists and antagonists. Peptides 2015; 68:246-52. [PMID: 25447413 PMCID: PMC4437919 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptidergic system in insects is an excellent target for pest control strategies. One promising biorational approach is the use of peptidomimetics modified from endogenous ligands to enhance biostability and bioavailability. In this study, we functionally characterized five different G protein-coupled receptors in a phylogenetic cluster, containing receptors for PRXamide in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, by evaluating a series of 70 different peptides and peptidomimetics. Three pyrokinin receptors (TcPKr-A, -B, and -C), cardioacceleratory peptide receptor (TcCAPAr) and ecdysis triggering hormone receptor (TcETHr) were included in the study. Strong agonistic or antagonistic peptidomimetics were identified, and included beta-proline (β(3)P) modification of the core amino acid residue proline and also a cyclo-peptide. It is common for a ligand to act on multiple receptors. In a number of cases, a ligand acting as an agonist on one receptor was an efficient antagonist on another receptor, suggesting complex outcomes of a peptidomimetic in a biological system. Interestingly, TcPK-A was highly promiscuous with a high number of agonists, while TcPK-C and TcCAPAr had a lower number of agonists, but a higher number of compounds acting as an antagonist. This observation suggests that a target GPCR with more promiscuity will provide better success for peptidomimetic approaches. This study is the first description of peptidomimetics on a CAPA receptor and resulted in the identification of peptidomimetic analogs that demonstrate antagonism of CAPA ligands. The PRXamide receptor assays with peptidomimetics provide useful insights into the biochemical properties of receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Ronald J Nachman
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, United States; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu Q, Huang LY, Chen P, Yu JF, Xu J, Deng JY, Ye H. Identification and RNA Interference of the Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) in the Common Cutworm Moth Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1344-1353. [PMID: 26470263 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura F. is one of the most destructive insect pests of many agricultural crops and notorious for developing insecticide resistance. Developing environmental friendly control methods such as novel pheromone and RNAi-related control strategies is imperative to control this pest. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN) was identified and characterized in S. litura. This 809-bp transcript contains a 573-nucleotide ORF encoding a 191-amino acid protein, from which five putative neuropeptides, including PBAN, DH, and α-, β-, and γ-subesophageal ganglion neuropeptides, were derived. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both the whole protein and each of the five neuropeptides have high similarities to those of DH-PBANs from other insect orders particularly Lepidoptera. Females treated with TKYFSPRLamide (the active core fragment of PBAN) produced significantly more four types of pheromone compounds (A; B; C; D) than controls. RNA interference by injection of PBAN dsRNA significantly reduced the relative expression levels of this gene in adult females (approximately reduced by 60%). As a consequence, females treated with PBAN dsRNA produced significantly less four types of pheromone compounds (A; B; C; D) than controls. These results suggest that PBAN function in activating sex pheromone biosynthesis and the RNAi of DH-PBAN gene can be induced by the injection of dsRNA into the body cavity in S. litura. This study suggests the possibility of novel pheromone-related pest control strategies based on RNAi techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China. Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ling-Yan Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Yu Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ye
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Insight into the molecular and functional diversity of cnidarian neuropeptides. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2610-25. [PMID: 25625515 PMCID: PMC4346854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians are the most primitive animals to possess a nervous system. This phylum is composed of the classes Scyphozoa (jellyfish), Cubozoa (box jellyfish), and Hydrozoa (e.g., Hydra, Hydractinia), which make up the subphylum Medusozoa, as well as the class Anthozoa (sea anemones and corals). Neuropeptides have an early evolutionary origin and are already abundant in cnidarians. For example, from the cnidarian Hydra, a key model system for studying the peptides involved in developmental and physiological processes, we identified a wide variety of novel neuropeptides from Hydra magnipapillata (the Hydra Peptide Project). Most of these peptides act directly on muscle cells and induce contraction and relaxation. Some peptides are involved in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. In this review, we describe FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), GLWamide-family peptides, and the neuropeptide Hym-355; FPQSFLPRGamide. Several hundred FLPs have been isolated from invertebrate animals such as cnidarians. GLWamide-family peptides function as signaling molecules in muscle contraction, metamorphosis, and settlement in cnidarians. Hym-355; FPQSFLPRGamide enhances neuronal differentiation in Hydra. Recently, GLWamide-family peptides and Hym-355; FPQSFLPRGamide were shown to trigger oocyte maturation and subsequent spawning in the hydrozoan jellyfish Cytaeis uchidae. These findings suggest the importance of these neuropeptides in both developmental and physiological processes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Functional phylogenetics reveals contributions of pleiotropic peptide action to ligand-receptor coevolution. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6800. [PMID: 25348027 PMCID: PMC4210869 DOI: 10.1038/srep06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of peptidergic signaling has been accompanied by a significant degree of ligand-receptor coevolution. Closely related clusters of peptide signaling molecules are observed to activate related groups of receptors, implying that genes encoding these ligands may orchestrate an array of functions, a phenomenon known as pleiotropy. Here we examine whether pleiotropic actions of peptide genes might influence ligand-receptor coevolution. Four test groups of neuropeptides characterized by conserved C-terminal amino acid sequence motifs and their cognate receptors were examined in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum): 1) cardioacceleratory peptide 2b (CAPA); CAPAr, 2) pyrokinin/diapause hormone (PK1/DH); PKr-A, -B, 3) pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating hormone (PK2/PBAN); PKr-C, and 4) ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH); ETHr-b. Ligand-receptor specificities were established through heterologous expression of receptors in cell-based assays for 9 endogenous ligands. Based on ligand-receptor specificity analysis, we found positive pleiotropism exhibited by ETH on ETHR-b and CAPAr, whereas PK1/DH and CAPA are more highly selective for their respective authentic receptors than would be predicted by phylogenetic analysis. Disparities between evolutionary trees deduced from receptor sequences vs. functional ligand-receptor specificities lead to the conclusion that pleiotropy exhibited by peptide genes influences ligand-receptor coevolution.
Collapse
|
45
|
Nachman RJ. Peptidomics applied: A new strategy for development of selective antagonists/agonists of insect pyrokinin (FXPRLamide) family using a novel conformational-mimetic motif. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Kawai T, Katayama Y, Guo L, Liu D, Suzuki T, Hayakawa K, Lee JM, Nagamine T, Hull JJ, Matsumoto S, Nagasawa H, Tanokura M, Nagata K. Identification of functionally important residues of the silkmoth pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor, an insect ortholog of the vertebrate neuromedin U receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19150-63. [PMID: 24847080 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.488999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of sex pheromone components in many lepidopteran insects is regulated by the interaction between pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and the PBAN receptor (PBANR), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor. To identify functionally important amino acid residues in the silkmoth PBANR, a series of 27 alanine substitutions was generated using a PBANR chimera C-terminally fused with enhanced GFP. The PBANR mutants were expressed in Sf9 insect cells, and their ability to bind and be activated by a core PBAN fragment (C10PBAN(R2K)) was monitored. Among the 27 mutants, 23 localized to the cell surface of transfected Sf9 cells, whereas the other four remained intracellular. Reduced binding relative to wild type was observed with 17 mutants, and decreased Ca(2+) mobilization responses were observed with 12 mutants. Ala substitution of Glu-95, Glu-120, Asn-124, Val-195, Phe-276, Trp-280, Phe-283, Arg-287, Tyr-307, Thr-311, and Phe-319 affected both binding and Ca(2+) mobilization. The most pronounced effects were observed with the E120A mutation. A molecular model of PBANR indicated that the functionally important PBANR residues map to the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th transmembrane helices, implying that the same general region of class A G-protein-coupled receptors recognizes both peptidic and nonpeptidic ligands. Docking simulations suggest similar ligand-receptor recognition interactions for PBAN-PBANR and the orthologous vertebrate pair, neuromedin U (NMU) and NMU receptor (NMUR). The simulations highlight the importance of two glutamate residues, Glu-95 and Glu-120, in silkmoth PBANR and Glu-117 and Glu-142 in human NMUR1, in the recognition of the most functionally critical region of the ligands, the C-terminal residue and amide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawai
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Linjun Guo
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Desheng Liu
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kou Hayakawa
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jae Min Lee
- the Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | - Toshihiro Nagamine
- the Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | - J Joe Hull
- the United States Department of Agriculture-Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- the Molecular Entomology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
| | - Koji Nagata
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hellmich E, Nusawardani T, Bartholomay L, Jurenka R. Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of mosquitoes. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:39-47. [PMID: 24458703 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family of peptides is characterized by a common C-terminal pentapeptide, FXPRLamide, which is required for diverse physiological functions in various insects. Polyclonal antisera against the C-terminus was utilized to determine the location of cell bodies and axons in the central nervous systems of larval and adult mosquitoes. Immunoreactive material was detected in three groups of neurons in the subesophageal ganglion of larvae and adults. The corpora cardiaca of both larvae and adults contained immunoreactivity indicating potential release into circulation. The adult and larval brains had at least one pair of immunoreactive neurons in the protocerebrum with the adult brain having additional immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal medial part of the protocerebrum. The ventral ganglia of both larvae and adults each contained one pair of neurons that sent their axons to a perisympathetic organ associated with each abdominal ganglion. These results indicate that the mosquito nervous system contains pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides and that these peptides could be released into the hemolymph. The peptides in insects and mosquitoes are produced by two genes, capa and pk/pban. Utilizing PCR protocols, we demonstrate that products of the capa gene could be produced in the abdominal ventral ganglia and the products of the pk/pban gene could be produced in the subesophageal ganglion. Two receptors for pyrokinin peptides were differentially localized to various tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hellmich
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3222, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Identification and expression analysis of diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH-PBAN) in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84916. [PMID: 24409312 PMCID: PMC3883689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides play essential roles in a variety of physiological responses that contribute to the development and reproduction of insects. Both the diapause hormone (DH) and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) belong to the PBAN/pyrokinin neuropeptide family, which has a conserved pentapeptide motif FXPRL at the C-terminus. We identified the full-length cDNA encoding DH-PBAN in Maruca vitrata, a major lepidopteran pest of leguminous crops. The open reading frame of Marvi-DH-PBAN is 591 bp in length, encoding 197 amino acids, from which five putative neuropeptides [DH, PBAN, α-subesophageal ganglion neuropeptide (SGNP), β-SGNP and γ-SGNP] are derived. Marvi-DH-PBAN was highly similar (83%) to DH-PBAN of Omphisa fuscidentalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), but possesses a unique C-terminal FNPRL motif, where asparagine has replaced a serine residue present in other lepidopteran PBAN peptides. The genomic DNA sequence of Marvi-DH-PBAN is 6,231 bp in size and is composed of six exons. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the Marvi-DH-PBAN protein sequence is closest to its homolog in Crambidae, but distant from Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera DH-PBAN, which agrees with the current taxonomy. DH-PBAN transcripts were present in the head and thoracic complex, but absent in the abdomen of M. vitrata. Real-time quantitative PCR assays have demonstrated a relatively higher expression of Marvi-DH-PBAN mRNA in the latter half of the pupal stages and in adults. These findings represent a significant step forward in our understanding of the DH-PBAN gene architecture and phylogeny, and raise the possibility of using Marvi-DH-PBAN to manage M. vitrata populations through molecular techniques.
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang JD, Charlton RE, Cardé RT, Yin CM. Diel periodicity and influence of age and mating on sex pheromone titer in gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar (L.). J Chem Ecol 2013; 18:749-60. [PMID: 24253968 DOI: 10.1007/bf00994612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/1991] [Accepted: 01/08/1992] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The diel periodicity of sex pheromone titer from pheromone glands of femaleLymantria dispar is described. On the day of emergence (day 0), pheromone titer was generally low; means ranged from 1 to 4 ngcis- 7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane during photophase and gradually increased to 8.4 ng over the course of scotophase. For day-1, -2, and -3 females, the diel fluctuations of titer were more pronounced. Lowest titers (5-9 ng) occurred 0-4 hr after lights-on, and peak titers (19-32 ng) were found 0-4 hr before lights-off. Comparison of the average daily titer among the different age groups (data pooled over six time points at 4-hr intervals) indicated that significantly less pheromone was extracted from glands of day-0 (4.5 ng) than day-1 (12.4 ng), day-2 (15.4 ng), or day-3 females (13.5 ng). No significant differences were found among the three older ages. Femalesin copula exhibited a rapid reduction in titer within the first 0.5 hr of mating initiation (7.6 ng vs. 19.5 ng from virgin females of similar age). After the second 0.5 hr, the reduction in titer was not nearly as marked, falling only to 4.5 ng. Twenty-four hours after mating, titer fell below the limits of detection (0.5 ng). All extracts from pheromone glands of virgin or mated females contained < 1.0 ng of the putative pheromone precursor, 2-methyl-cis-7-octadecene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Tang
- Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Isolation, identification, and synthesis of sex pheromone components of female tea cluster caterpillar,Andraca bipunctata walker (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in Taiwan. J Chem Ecol 2013; 22:271-85. [PMID: 24227409 DOI: 10.1007/bf02055098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1994] [Accepted: 10/12/1995] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Octadecanal (18:Ald), (E)-11-octadecenal (E11-18:Ald), (E)-14-octadecenal (E14-18:Ald) and (E,E)-11,14-octadecadienal (E11,E14-18:Ald) were isolated and identified as major components from the pheromone glands of the tea cluster caterpillar,Andraca bipunctata, in Taiwan by analyzing the mass spectra of gland components and their DMDS adducts. GC retention times and mass spectra of the components were in agreement with those of authentic synthetic compounds. The average amount of 18:Ald,E11-18:Ald,E14-18:Ald andE11,E14-18:Ald per female gland (1 to 3 days old) was 121±76, 50±20, 187±75, and 237±110 ng, respectively, in a ratio of 20:8:31:41. SyntheticE11,E14-18:Ald caught more males than each of the other three components or blank control in field trapping tests.E11,E14-18:Ald is reported as an insect sex pheromone for the first time. Male antenna responded toE11,E14-18:Ald strongly in an EAG analysis. Furthermore, 4 hr after the injection of PBAN (pheromone biosynthetic activating neuropeptide) into decapitated female moths (2 days old), the percentage of theE11,E14-C18 Ald in the gland extract increased from 0% to 75.5%, which was also significantly more than that of unligated and uninjected control at 55.1%. All these data indicated thatE11,E14-18:Ald is the sex pheromone of theAndraca bipunctata in Taiwan.
Collapse
|