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Roboon J, Hattori T, Ishii H, Takarada-Iemata M, Nguyen DT, Heer CD, O'Meally D, Brenner C, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Higashida H, Hori O. Inhibition of CD38 and supplementation of nicotinamide riboside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammation by increasing NAD . J Neurochem 2021; 158:311-327. [PMID: 33871064 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated by activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge. Insufficient control of neuroinflammation leads to enhanced or prolonged pathology in various neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) plays critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that deletion of CD38, which consumes NAD+ , suppressed cuprizone-induced demyelination, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. However, it is still unknown whether CD38 directly affects neuroinflammation through regulating brain NAD+ level. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD38 deletion and inhibition and supplementation of NAD+ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of LPS significantly increased CD38 expression especially in the hippocampus. Deletion of CD38 decreased LPS-induced inflammatory responses and glial activation. Pre-administration of apigenin, a flavonoid with CD38 inhibitory activity, or nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, increased NAD+ level, and significantly suppressed induction of cytokines and chemokines, glial activation and subsequent neurodegeneration after LPS administration. In cell culture, LPS-induced inflammatory responses were suppressed by treatment of primary astrocytes or microglia with apigenin, NAD+ , NR or 78c, the latter a specific CD38 inhibitor. Finally, all these compounds suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia. These results suggest that CD38-mediated neuroinflammation is linked to NAD+ consumption and that boosting NAD+ by CD38 inhibition and NR supplementation directly suppress neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Denis O'Meally
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are two Ca(2+) messengers derived from NAD and NADP, respectively. Although NAADP is a linear molecule, structurally distinct from the cyclic cADPR, it is synthesized by similar enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclase and its homolog, CD38. The crystal structure of the cyclase has been solved and its active site identified. These two novel nucleotides have now been shown to be involved in a wide range of cellular functions including: cell cycle regulation in Euglena, a protist; gene expression in plants; and in animal systems, from fertilization to neurotransmitter release and long-term depression in brain. A battery of pharmacological reagents have been developed, providing valuable tools for elucidating the physiological functions of these two novel Ca(2+) messengers. This article reviews these recent results and explores the implications of the existence of multiple Ca(2+) messengers and Ca(2+) stores in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Chidambaram N, Chang CF. Functional role of glycosylation on the recombinant CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase in CHO cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1998; 30:1011-8. [PMID: 9785464 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(98)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that CD38, a lymphocyte differentiation antigen, has been found to be functionally indistinguishable from the native form when it was expressed as a soluble and non-glycosylated protein in yeast. Studies were conducted to evaluate the functional role of glycosylation on the membrane-bound CD38 in mammalian cells. The stable transformants of CHO cells were established with pXJ41-CD38 construct and the recombinant CD38 was detected at the surface of CHO cells using a polyclonal antibody to rat CD38 by immunocytochemistry. The recombinant protein displaying ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity was purified from CHO cells, which appeared as 42 and 46 kDa bands on immunoblot under non-reducing and reducing conditions, respectively. The recombinant CD38 was then subjected to deglycosylation with N-glycosidase F that resulted in a 33 kDa band on immunoblot under reducing condition. Further the partial deglycosylation of the recombinant CD38, performed at various time intervals, resulted in a series of bands (33-46 kDa) on immunoblot. Kinetic analysis indicated that deglycosylation of the recombinant CD38 showed a considerable decrease in Vmax and an increase in K(m) of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. These observations clearly suggest that glycosylation plays an important role to maintain the enzymatic activity and substrate affinity of CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase for mediating the signalling events in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chidambaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Okamoto H. New aspects to the functioning and regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells. Cyclic ADP-ribose and Reg gene. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 426:301-11. [PMID: 9544287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1819-2_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang FJ, Sih CJ. Novel analogs of cyclic-ADP-ribose: 9-Cyclic etheno-ADP-ribose and cyclic etheno-CDP-ribose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Webb DL, Islam MS, Efanov AM, Brown G, Köhler M, Larsson O, Berggren PO. Insulin exocytosis and glucose-mediated increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in the pancreatic beta-cell are independent of cyclic ADP-ribose. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:19074-9. [PMID: 8702579 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.32.19074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of pancreatic beta-cells by glucose gives rise to an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and exocytosis of insulin. Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (cADPR), a metabolite of beta-NAD+, has been reported to increase [Ca2+]i in pancreatic beta-cells by releasing Ca2+ from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-insensitive intracellular stores. In the present study, we have examined the role of cADPR in glucose-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i and insulin exocytosis. Dispersed ob/ob mouse beta-cell aggregates were either pressure microinjected with fura-2 salt or loaded with fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester, and [Ca2+]i was monitored by microfluorimetry. Microinjection of beta-NAD+ into fura-2-loaded beta-cells did not increase [Ca2+]i nor did it alter the cells' subsequent [Ca2+]i response to glucose. Cells microinjected with the cADPR antagonist 8NH2-cADPR increased [Ca2+]i in response to glucose equally well as those injected with cADPR. Finally, the ability of cADPR to promote exocytosis of insulin in electropermeabilized beta-cells was investigated. cADPR on its own did not increase insulin secretion nor did it potentiate Ca2+-induced insulin secretion. We conclude that cADPR neither plays a significant role in glucose-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i nor interacts directly with the molecular mechanisms regulating exocytosis of insulin in normal pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Webb
- Rolf Luft Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Takasawa S, Ishida A, Nata K, Nakagawa K, Noguchi N, Tohgo A, Kato I, Yonekura H, Fujisawa H, Okamoto H. Requirement of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:30257-9. [PMID: 8530441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.51.30257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is generated in pancreatic islets by glucose stimulation, serving as a second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum for insulin secretion (Takasawa, S., Nata, K., Yonekura, H., and Okamoto, H. (1993) Science 259, 370-373). In the present study, we observed that the addition of calmodulin (CaM) to rat islet microsomes sensitized and activated the cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release. Inhibitors for CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) completely abolished the glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as the cADPR-mediated and CaM-activated Ca2+ mobilization. Western blot analysis revealed that the microsomes contain the alpha isoform of CaM kinase II but do not contain CaM. When the active 30-kDa chymotryptic fragment of CaM kinase II was added to the microsomes, fully activated cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release was observed in the absence of CaM. These results along with available evidence strongly suggest that CaM kinase II is required to phosphorylate and activate the ryanodine-like receptor, a Ca2+ channel for cADPR as an endogenous activator, for the cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ito K, Hirose H, Maruyama H, Fukamachi S, Tashiro Y, Saruta T. Neurotransmitters partially restore glucose sensitivity of insulin and glucagon secretion from perfused streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat pancreas. Diabetologia 1995; 38:1276-84. [PMID: 8582536 DOI: 10.1007/bf00401759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms of insensitivity of hormone secretion to glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat islets, we investigated the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine on insulin and glucagon secretion in response to changes in glucose concentration, using perfused pancreas preparations. Basal insulin secretion at a blood glucose level of 5.6 mmol/l was significantly higher and basal glucagon secretion significantly lower in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats than in controls, and neither high (16.7 mmol/l) nor low (1.4 mmol/l) blood glucose concentrations influenced insulin or glucagon secretion. Addition of 10(-6) mol/l ACh to the perfusate increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Also, 10(-6) mol/l ACh, 10(-7) mol/l norepinephrine, as well as a combination of both, induced marked glucagon secretion, this was suppressed by high blood glucose level. Although simultaneous addition of 10(-6) mol/l ACh and 10(-7) mol/l norepinephrine induced only a slight increase in glucagon secretion in response to glucopenia, there was a significant increase in glucagon secretion in conjunction with an ambient decrease in insulin. Histopathological examination revealed a marked decline in acetylcholinesterase and monoamine-oxidase activities in the islets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We speculate that reduction of the potentiating effects of ACh and norepinephrine lessens glucose sensitivity of islet beta and alpha cells in this rat model of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Karasawa T, Takasawa S, Yamakawa K, Yonekura H, Okamoto H, Nakamura S. NAD(+)-glycohydrolase from Streptococcus pyogenes shows cyclic ADP-ribose forming activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995; 130:201-4. [PMID: 7649441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(+)-glycohydrolase from Streptococcus pyogenes was purified by successive chromatography on CM Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200 HR and hydroxyapatite. The purified enzyme possessed synthesis and hydrolysis activities of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a newly found second messenger for Ca2+ mobilisation, along with cleavage activity of the ribose-nicotinamide bond in NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karasawa
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Tashjian AH. Calmodulin is a selective mediator of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release via the ryanodine receptor-like Ca2+ channel triggered by cyclic ADP-ribose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:3244-8. [PMID: 7724546 PMCID: PMC42142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor-like Ca2+ channel (RyRLC) is responsible for Ca2+ wave propagation and Ca2+ oscillations in certain nonmuscle cells by a Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an enzymatic product derived from NAD+, is the only known endogenous metabolite that acts as an agonist on the RyRLC. However, the mode of action of cADPR is not clear. We have identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of cADPR-triggered CICR through the RyRLC in sea urchin eggs. cADPR-induced Ca2+ release consisted of two phases, an initial rapid release phase and a subsequent slower release. The second phase was selectively potentiated by calmodulin which, in turn, was activated by Ca2+ released during the initial phase. Caffeine enhanced the action of calmodulin. Calmodulin did not play a role in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release. These findings offer insights into the multiple pathways that regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tohgo A, Takasawa S, Noguchi N, Koguma T, Nata K, Sugimoto T, Furuya Y, Yonekura H, Okamoto H. Essential cysteine residues for cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis and hydrolysis by CD38. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Koguma T, Takasawa S, Tohgo A, Karasawa T, Furuya Y, Yonekura H, Okamoto H. Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding rat ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase (homologue to human CD38) from islets of Langerhans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1223:160-2. [PMID: 8061050 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the cloning and cDNA sequence of rat CD38, ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase. Rat CD38 is composed of 303 amino acids and shares a high degree of homology with human and mouse CD38. Rat CD38 mRNA is expressed in various tissues including pancreatic islets but not in RINm5F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koguma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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