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Onoe J, Noda Y, Wang Q, Harano K, Nakaya M, Nakayama T. Structures, fundamental properties, and potential applications of low-dimensional C 60 polymers and other nanocarbons: a review. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2346068. [PMID: 38774495 PMCID: PMC11107862 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2346068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Since carbon (C) atom has a variety of chemical bonds via hybridization between s and p atomic orbitals, it is well known that there are robust carbon materials. In particular, discovery of C60 has been an epoch making to cultivate nanocarbon fields. Since then, nanocarbon materials such as nanotube and graphene have been reported. It is interesting to note that C60 is soluble and volatile unlike nanotube and graphene. This indicates that C60 film is easy to be produced on any kinds of substrates, which is advantage for device fabrication. In particular, electron-/photo-induced C60 polymerization finally results in formation of one-dimensional (1D) metallic peanut-shaped and 2D dumbbell-shaped semiconducting C60 polymers, respectively. This enables us to control the physicochemical properties of C60 films using electron-/photo-lithography techniques. In this review, we focused on the structures, fundamental properties, and potential applications of the low-dimensional C60 polymers and other nanocarbons such as C60 peapods, wavy-structured graphene, and penta-nanotubes with topological defects. We hope this review will provide new insights for producing new novel nanocarbon materials and inspire broad readers to cultivate new further research in carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Onoe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Noda
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Japan
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, and Division of International Collaborations and Public Relations, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Nakayama
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, and Division of International Collaborations and Public Relations, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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Shi YB, Lv SH, Shao ZF, Dong HK, Cao S, Qian P. A first-principles study of 1D and 2D C 60nanostructures: strain effects on band alignments and carrier mobility. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:225701. [PMID: 36921348 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc4a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the breakthrough progress made in the latest experiment Houet al(2022Nature606507), 2DC60polymer was exfoliated from the quasi-hexagonal bulk crystals. BulkC60polymer with quasi-tetragonal phase was found to easily form 1D fullerene structure withC60molecules connected by C=C. Inspired by the experiment, we investigate the strain behaviors of 1D and 2DC60polymers by first-principles calculations. Some physical properties of these low dimensionalC60polymers, including structural stability, elastic behavior, band alignment and carrier mobility, are predicted. Compared with fullereneC60molecule, 1D and 2DC60polymers are metastable. At absolute zero temperature, 1DC60bears a uniaxial tensile strain less than 11.5%, and 2D monolayerC60withstands a biaxial tensile strain less than 7.5%. At 300 K,ab initiomolecular dynamics confirm that they can withstand the strains of 9% and 5%, respectively. Strain engineering can adjust the absolute position of the band edge. In the absence of strain, carrier mobility is predicted to beµe= 398 andµh= 322cm2V-1s-1for 1DC60polymer, andμe,x=74/μe,y= 34cm2V-1s-1andμh,x=646/μh,y= 1487cm2V-1s-1for 2DC60polymer. Compared with other carbon based semiconductors, theseC60polymers exhibit high effective mass, resulting in low mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Shi
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Han Lv
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Feng Shao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Kuan Dong
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The two natural allotropes of carbon, diamond and graphite, are extended networks of sp3-hybridized and sp2-hybridized atoms, respectively1. By mixing different hybridizations and geometries of carbon, one could conceptually construct countless synthetic allotropes. Here we introduce graphullerene, a two-dimensional crystalline polymer of C60 that bridges the gulf between molecular and extended carbon materials. Its constituent fullerene subunits arrange hexagonally in a covalently interconnected molecular sheet. We report charge-neutral, purely carbon-based macroscopic crystals that are large enough to be mechanically exfoliated to produce molecularly thin flakes with clean interfaces-a critical requirement for the creation of heterostructures and optoelectronic devices2. The synthesis entails growing single crystals of layered polymeric (Mg4C60)∞ by chemical vapour transport and subsequently removing the magnesium with dilute acid. We explore the thermal conductivity of this material and find it to be much higher than that of molecular C60, which is a consequence of the in-plane covalent bonding. Furthermore, imaging few-layer graphullerene flakes using transmission electron microscopy and near-field nano-photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals the existence of moiré-like superlattices3. More broadly, the synthesis of extended carbon structures by polymerization of molecular precursors charts a clear path to the systematic design of materials for the construction of two-dimensional heterostructures with tunable optoelectronic properties.
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Izumi T, Nakaya M, Onoe J. Kinetic study of photopolymerization and depolymerization in C60 films using in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for development of C60-based thermoelectric materials. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials, such as graphene, have attracted particular attention owing to the exceptional carrier transport characteristics that arise from the unique π-electron system in their conjugated carbon network structure1-4. To complement zero-bandgap graphene, material scientists have devoted considerable effort to identifying 2D carbon materials5-8. However, it is a challenge to prepare large-sized single-crystal 2D carbon materials with moderate bandgaps5,9. Here we prepare a single-crystal 2D carbon material, namely monolayer quasi-hexagonal-phase fullerene (C60), with a large size via an interlayer bonding cleavage strategy. In this monolayer polymeric C60, cluster cages of C60 are covalently bonded with each other in a plane, forming a regular topology that is distinct from that in conventional 2D materials. Monolayer polymeric C60 exhibits high crystallinity and good thermodynamic stability, and the electronic band structure measurement reveals a transport bandgap of about 1.6 electronvolts. Furthermore, an asymmetric lattice structure endows monolayer polymeric C60 with notable in-plane anisotropic properties, including anisotropic phonon modes and conductivity. This 2D carbon material with a moderate bandgap and unique topological structure offers an interesting platform for potential application in 2D electronic devices.
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Drużbicki K, Gaboardi M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33947108 PMCID: PMC8125526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Sun S, Cui W, Wang S, Liu B. Investigation of the polymerization mechanism of ferrocene doped C 60 under high pressure and high temperature. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10809. [PMID: 28883504 PMCID: PMC5589851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) study has been carried out on C60/ferrocene (Fc) in order to detect the process of polymerization and reveal the polymerization mechanism. Pristine C60 was also studied under same conditions for comparison. In both cases, similar types of polymers can be observed after pressure and temperature release, but with different fractions, i.e. a larger amount of 2D polymers were formed in pure C60, while more branch-like polymers were synthesized in C60/Fc, although the most fraction of the polymers is still 1D chain-like polymer in both of the materials. The polymers formed in C60 can be detected both during the “up” run (pressure and temperature increase) and the “down” run (pressure and temperature decrease), while in C60/Fc, the polymers can only be synthesized in the “down” run. The differences between the two cases were attributed to the different initial lattice structures of the two materials and the confinement effect of the dopant. The polymerization mechanism on C60/Fc under HPHT was also revealed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Sun
- College of science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Shuangming Wang
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Song YD, Wang L, Wu LM. Theoretical study of the structures and first hyperpolarizabilities of C60Cl n and Li@C60Cl n (n = 4, 6, 8, 10). J Mol Model 2016; 22:137. [PMID: 27188724 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported (Song Y-D et al., 2016, J Mol Model 22:50) that doping with Li greatly affects the static first hyperpolarizability of C60Cl2. In this work, with a view to creating nonlinear optical materials with high thermodynamic stability and wide transparent regions, a series of Li@C60Cl n (n = 4, 6, 8, 10) were designed. The structures, electrostatic potentials, electronic structures, absorption spectra, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of C60Cl n and Li@C60Cl n were systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results of our calculations indicated that the stability of these molecules decreases in the order Li@C60Cl10 > Li@C60Cl8 > Li@C60Cl6 > Li@C60Cl4. It is clear that the number of Cl atoms greatly influences the stability of Li@C60Cl n . Li@C60Cl n showed greater thermodynamic stability than Li@C60Cl2. We also investigated the first hyperpolarizabilities of Li@C60Cl n and found them to be 2973, 3640, 4307, and 2627 au for n = 4, 6, 8, and 10, respectively-higher than that of Li@C60Cl2. Finally, we noted that the transparent region could be modulated by increasing the number of Cl atoms: Li@C60Cl n possess wider transparent regions than that of Li@C60Cl2. We therefore believe that this study has highlighted an effective method for designing nonlinear optical materials with high thermodynamic stability and wide transparent regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong Song
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Humanities, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350118, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Schulte J, Böhm MC, Schedel-Niedrig T, Schlögl R. Electronic Structure of Polymerized C60Phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Tang SW, Wang FD, Zhang NN, Chang YF, Sun H, Zhang JP, Xie HM, Qiu YQ, Wang RS. Electronic structures and optical properties of the IPR-violating C60X8 (X = H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16476-85. [PMID: 23131708 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated by the preparation and characterization of the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) violating chlorofullerene: C(60)Cl(8) (Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 790-794), we have performed a systematic investigation on the structural stabilities, electronic and optical properties of the IPR-violating C(60)X(8) (X = H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds via density functional theory. The large energy gaps between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals provide a clear indication of high chemical stabilities of C(60)X(8) derivatives, and moreover, the C(60)X(8) molecules present great aromatic character with the negative nucleus independent chemical shift values. In the addition reactions of C(60) (C(2v)) + 4X(2) → C(60)X(8), a series of exothermic processes are involved, with high reaction energies ranging from -71.97 to -233.16 kcal mol(-1). An investigation on the electronic property shows that C(60)F(8) and C(60)Cl(8) could be excellent electron acceptors as a consequence of large vertical electron affinities. The density of state analysis suggests that the frontier molecular orbitals of C(60)X(8) are mainly from the carbon orbitals of two separate annulene subunits, and the influence from X atoms is secondary. In addition, the ultraviolet-visible spectra and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of C(60)X(8) are calculated by means of time-dependent density functional theory and a finite field approach, respectively. Both the average static linear polarizability <α> and second-order hyperpolarizability <γ> of C(60)X(8) increase greatly compared to those of C(60).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Tang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
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Anafcheh M, Ghafouri R. Exploring the electronic and magnetic properties of C60 fullerene dimers with ladderane-like hexagonal bridges. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang C, Wang J, Wang JJ, Li M, Yang XL, Xu HB. Supramolecular Gel-Assisted Formation of Fullerene Nanorods. Chemistry 2012; 18:14954-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xu HL, Zhang CC, Sun SL, Su ZM. Assembly of Sandwich-Like Supermolecules Li Salts CpLi-C60: Structures, Stabilities, and Nonlinear Optical Properties. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2012858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Cui Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ling Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin,
People’s Republic of China
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Poloni R, San Miguel A, Fernandez-Serra MV. A first-principles study of the effect of charge doping on the 1D polymerization of C(60). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:095501. [PMID: 22316636 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/9/095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay between charge doping and intermolecular distance in the polymerization of C(60) fullerene chains by means of density functional theory-based first-principles calculations. The potential energy surface analysis shows that both the equilibrium intermolecular distance of the unpolymerized system and the polymerization energy barrier are inversely proportional to the electron doping of the system. We analyze the origin of this charge-induced polymerization effect by studying the behavior of the system's wavefunctions around the Fermi level and the structural modifications of the molecules as a function of two variables: the distance between the centers of the molecules and the number of electrons added to the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poloni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1462, USA
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Kozhemyakina NV, Amsharov KY, Nuss J, Jansen M. Synthesis and structure analysis of (K[DB18 C6])4(C60)5·12THF containing C60 in three different bonding states. Chemistry 2011; 17:1798-805. [PMID: 21274930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new fulleride, (K[DB18C6])(4)(C(60))(5)·12THF, was prepared in solution using the "break-and-seal" approach by reacting potassium, fullerene, and dibenzo[18]crown-6 in tetrahydrofuran. Single crystals were grown from solution by the modified "temperature difference method". X-ray analysis was performed revealing a reversible phase transition occurring on cooling. Three different crystal structures of the title compound at different temperatures of data acquisition are addressed in detail: the "high-temperature phase" at 225 K (C2, Z=2, a=49.055(1), b=15.075(3), c=18.312(4) Å, β=97.89(3)°), the "transitional phase" at 175 K (C2 m, Z=2, a=48.436(5), b=15.128(1), c=18.280(2) Å, β=97.90(1)°), and the "low-temperature phase" at 125 K (Cc, Z=4, a=56.239(1), b=15.112(3), c=36.425(7) Å, β=121.99(1)°). On cooling, partial radical recombination of C(60)(·-) into the (C(60))(2)(2-) dimeric dianion occurs; this is first time that the fully ordered dimer has been observed. Further cooling leads to formation of a superstructure with doubled cell volume in a different space group. Below 125 K, C(60) exists in the structure in three different bonding states: in the form of C(60)(·-) radical ions, (C(60))(2)(2-) dianions, and neutral C(60), this being without precedent in the fullerene chemistry, as well. Experimental observations of one conformation exclusively of the fullerene dimer in the crystal structure are further explained on the basis of DFT calculations considering charge distribution patterns. Temperature-dependent measurements of magnetic susceptibility at different magnetic fields confirm the phase transition occurring at about 220 K as observed crystallographically, and enable for unambiguous charge assignment to the different C(60) species in the title fulleride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Kozhemyakina
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Thermochemical stabilities, electronic structures, and optical properties of C56X10 (X = H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds. J Comput Chem 2010; 32:658-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tang SW, Feng JD, Qiu YQ, Sun H, Wang FD, Chang YF, Wang RS. Electronic structures and nonlinear optical properties of highly deformed halofullerenes C3v C60F18 and D3d C60Cl30. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:2650-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Structural stability and electronic property of C68X4 (X=H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 28:891-8. [PMID: 20430661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study on the geometrical structures and electronic properties of C(68)X(4) (X=H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds has been carried out on the basis of density functional theory. In all classical C(68)X(4) isomers with two adjacent pentagons and one quasifullerene isomer [C(s):C(68)(f)] containing a heptagon in the framework, the C(s):0064 isomers are most favorable in energy. The addition reaction energies of C(68)X(4) (C(s):0064) are high exothermic, and C(68)F(4) is more thermodynamically accessible. The C(68)X(4) (C(s):0064) possess strong aromatic character, with nucleus independent chemical shifts ranging from -22.0 to -26.1 ppm. Further investigations on electronic properties indicate that C(68)F(4) and C(68)Cl(4) could be excellent electron-acceptors for potential photonic/photovoltaic applications in consequence of their large vertical electron affinities (3.29 and 3.15 eV, respectively). The Mulliken charge populations and partial density of states are also calculated, which show that decorating C(68) fullerene with various X atoms will cause remarkably different charge distributions in C(68)X(4) (C(s):0064) and affect their electronic properties distinctly. Finally, the infrared spectra of the most stable C(68)X(4) (C(s):0064) molecules are simulated to assist further experimental characterization.
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Katiyar R, Bag DS, Nigam I. Copolymerization of Fullerene (C60) and Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) using Triphenylbismuthonium Ylide as a Novel Initiator and Characterization of the Copolymers (C60-MMA). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601321003659762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sathish M, Miyazawa K, Hill JP, Ariga K. Solvent engineering for shape-shifter pure fullerene (C60). J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6372-3. [PMID: 19374354 DOI: 10.1021/ja902061r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a highly anticipated technique for bottom-up nanotechnology, i.e., shape control of pure functional molecules, we here report controlled formation of two-dimensional (2D) objects such as hexagons and rhombi and their selective shape shifting into one-dimensional (1D) rods through solvent-dependent changes of crystal lattice, all from pure C(60). Uniformly shaped rhombi and hexagons were obtained at tert-butyl alcohol/toluene and i-propyl alcohol/CCl(4) interfaces, respectively. In addition, exposure of these 2D nanosheets to water induced selective transformation into 1D nanorods. Nanorhombi were converted to short nanorods upon exposure to water. This shape shift is accompanied by changes in crystalline structures from a mixed fcc/hexagonal to pure fcc lattice, the latter of which is almost identical with morphologically similar C(60) nanowhiskers. Metastable nanorhombi which possess a strained mixed crystalline structure metamorphosize into the more stable short nanowhisker (nanorods). In contrast, the stable nanohexagon of a single lattice (and so less strain) does not undergo shape shifting. These results clearly demonstrate controlled formation of 2D nanosheets with various shapes (hexagons, rhombi, etc.) and selective shape shifting to nanorods (short nanowhiskers) all from pure C(60) molecules by very simple solvent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Sathish
- Fullerene Engineering Group and WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute For Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
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Bonsova DY, Mavrin AA, Sidorov LN, Skokan EV, Edwards JG, Spiridonov FM, Borshchevsky AY, Ioffee IN. High Temperature Vaporization and Thermodynamic Properties of the Potassium - C60Phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229809350219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Resmi MR, Smitha K, Arunagiri TN, Pradeep T. Spectroscopic Investigations of M(CO)5-C60 (M = W, MO) Complexes: Precursors for Metal Fullerides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229909350275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Resmi
- a Department of Chemistry and Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Madras , 600 036 , India
| | - K. Smitha
- a Department of Chemistry and Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Madras , 600 036 , India
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Vermont , Burlington , USA
| | - T. N. Arunagiri
- a Department of Chemistry and Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Madras , 600 036 , India
- c Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Texas , USA
| | - T. Pradeep
- a Department of Chemistry and Regional Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Madras , 600 036 , India
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25
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Bruno C, Marcaccio M, Paolucci D, Castellarin-Cudia C, Goldoni A, Streletskii AV, Drewello T, Barison S, Venturini A, Zerbetto F, Paolucci F. Growth of p- and n-Dopable Films from Electrochemically Generated C60 Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:3788-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0733179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bruno
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Demis Paolucci
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Castellarin-Cudia
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexey V. Streletskii
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas Drewello
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Barison
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venturini
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- INSTM, Section of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012-Trieste, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, IENI-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy, and ISOF-CNR Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Sun CC. Search for More Stable C58X18 Isomers: Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Seven-Membered Ring C58X18 Fullerene Derivatives (X = H, F, and Cl). J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:5167-73. [PMID: 17458991 DOI: 10.1021/jp070377s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated by recent preparation and characterization of the first C58F18 fullerene derivative, with a heptagon in the framework (Science, 2005, 309, 278), we have performed systematic density functional studies on the stabilities and electronic properties of two different structures C58X18 (A) and C58X18 (B), where X = H, F, and Cl. The large energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbitals and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (between 2.64 and 3.45 eV) and the aromatic character (with nucleus independent chemical shifts from -10.0 to -13.9 ppm) of C58X18 (A) and C58X18 (B) indicate that they possess high stabilities. Further investigations show that the heats of formation of C58X18 fullerene derivatives are highly exothermic, suggesting that adding nine X2's releases much of the strain of pure C58 fullerene and leads to stabilities of the derivatives. Lower in energy and stronger in aromatic character than C58F18 (B), which has been experimentally characterized, C58F18 (A) should also be isolated. In addition, C58F18 and C58Cl18 are predicted to possess large electron affinities, especially for C58F18 (B) and C58Cl18 (B) with values of 3.00 and 3.06 eV, respectively, even larger than that (2.50 eV) of C60F18. Hence, C58F18 and C58Cl18 can serve as good electron-acceptors with possible photonic/photovoltaic application. The IR spectra of C58X18 are simulated to facilitate identification of different isomers experimentally. In addition, the electronic spectra and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of C58X18 are predicted by ZINDO and sum-over-states model. With the addition of 9X2, both the static and frequency-dependent second-order hyperopolarizabilities of C58X18 greatly decrease compared to those of C58.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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27
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28
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Hou JQ, Kang HS. A DFT study on the dimerization of C62
, H2
C62
, and F2
C62. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:1417-26. [PMID: 17334985 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of calculations using the density functional theory, we show that C(62), a recently synthesized nonclassical fullerene, will presumably undergo dimerization with various isomers at elevated temperatures. This is shown by calculating the dimerization energy and the activation barrier of the dimerization. Eight possible isomers of the dimer were identified, all of which are more stable than the two isolated monomers. The relative stability of various isomers depends upon the kind of C=C bonds within the four-membered carbon ring involved in the dimerization. In addition, similar calculations were performed for the monomers and dimers of H(2)-C(62) and F(2)-C(62). Six isomers were identified for each of the dimers. Although less pronounced than the case of the C(62) dimer, all isomers of the H(2)-C(62) dimer are appreciably more stable than the individual monomers. Although a large steric repulsion due to F atoms significantly reduces the stability of F(2)-C(62) dimer, its two isomers are still more stable than separate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qiang Hou
- Department of Nano and Advanced Materials, College of Engineering, Jeonju University, Hyoja-dong, Wansan-ku, Chonju, Chonbuk 560-759, Republic of Korea
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giacalone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "E. Paterno", Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
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30
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Chang Y, Jalbout AF, Zhang J, Su Z, Wang R. Theoretical study on C32 fullerenes and derivatives. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Pichler T, Haluska M, Winter J, Winkler R, Burger B, Hulman M, Kuzmany H. Fullerene Single Crystals: Structure and Electronic Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229608001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Winkler K, Balch AL, Kutner W. Electrochemically formed fullerene-based polymeric films. J Solid State Electrochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-006-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Chang YF, Zhang JP, Hong B, Sun H, An Z, Wang RS. D5hC50X10: Saturn-like fullerene derivatives (X=F, Cl, Br). J Chem Phys 2005; 123:94305. [PMID: 16164343 DOI: 10.1063/1.2012331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the recently reported D(5h) C(50), the geometries and stabilities of its Saturn-like derivatives C(50)X(10) (X=F, Cl, Br) have been investigated by DFT method. Compared with C(50), the equatorial carbon atoms in C(50)X(10) have been saturated by halogens and change to sp(3) hybridization to release the large angle strain. Because the equatorial carbon atoms have been taken out of the pi system by the halogens "ring," the C(50)X(10) system has been split into two well-delocalized conjugated annulene subunits, and then the electronic stabilization has been enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024 China
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34
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Krinichnaya EP, MoravskyPresent address: MER Corp., AP, Efimov O, Sobczak JW, Winkler K, Kutner W, Balch AL. Mechanistic studies of the electrochemical polymerization of C60 in the presence of dioxygen or C60O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b416357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Coulon C, Clérac R. Electron Spin Resonance: A Major Probe for Molecular Conductors. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5655-88. [PMID: 15535664 DOI: 10.1021/cr030639w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Coulon
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UPR 8641, Université Bordeaux 1, 115 Avenue Dr. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.
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36
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Luo H, Araki Y, Fujitsuka M, Ito O, Cheng F, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Dissociative Electron Attachment of Singly Bonded [60]Fullerene Dimer Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0489828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fuyong Cheng
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Komatsu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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37
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Fujitsuka M, Ito O, Dragoe N, Ito S, Shimotani H, Takagi H, Kitazawa K. Photophysical and Photochemical Processes of an Unsymmetrical Fullerene Dimer, C121. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nita Dragoe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seitaro Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Shimotani
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koichi Kitazawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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38
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Du S, Huang Y, Li Y, Liu R. Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional C36 Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013623n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuanhe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxue Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruozhuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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39
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Kunitake M, Uemura S, Ito O, Fujiwara K, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Structural Analysis of C60 Trimers by Direct Observation with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020315)114:6<1011::aid-ange1011>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Kunitake M, Uemura S, Ito O, Fujiwara K, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Structural analysis of C(60) trimers by direct observation with scanning tunneling microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:969-72. [PMID: 12491284 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020315)41:6<969::aid-anie969>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kunitake
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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41
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42
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Vacik J, Naramoto H, Narumi K, Yamamoto S, Miyashita K. Pattern formation induced by co-deposition of Ni and C60 on MgO(100). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1368656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Fujitsuka M, Takahashi H, Kudo T, Tohji K, Kasuya A, Ito O. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of C120O, a C60 Dimer Linked by a Saturated Furan Ring. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002681q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiji Kudo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tohji
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kasuya
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan; and Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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44
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Komatsu K, Fujiwara K, Murata Y. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Properties of the Fullerene Trimer C180. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Lee KH, Eun HM, Park SS, Suh YS, Jung KW, Lee SM, Lee YH, Osawa E. Structures and Energetics of Regioisomers of C60 Dimer and Trimers. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000432w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hag Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Heui Man Eun
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Sung Soo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Young Sun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Kwang-Woo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
| | - E. Osawa
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570−749, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-360, South Korea, Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561−756, South Korea, and Department of Knowledge-Based Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441, Japan
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Kim KS, Park JM, Kim J, Suh SB, Tarakeshwar P, Lee KH, Park SS. Dimer to monomer phase transition in alkali-metal fullerides: magnetic susceptibility changes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:2425-2428. [PMID: 11018901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been employed to investigate the peculiar change in magnetic property (from diamagnetic to paramagnetic) of the dianionic C60-dimer phase in a rapidly cooled AC60 samples ( A: alkali metal). We first note that the triplet state of (C60)-22 which was never considered previously is nearly degenerate with the singlet state, and the transition barrier between the two states is reasonably small. This explains the susceptibility increase with an increase in temperature and the magnetic phase transition in the process of the dimer to monomer phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- KS Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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