1
|
Fendt SM. 100 years of the Warburg effect: A cancer metabolism endeavor. Cell 2024; 187:3824-3828. [PMID: 39059359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
If you are a scientist and you only know one thing about tumor metabolism, it's likely the Warburg effect. But who was Otto Warburg, and how did his discoveries regarding the metabolism of tumors shape our current thinking about the metabolic needs of cancer cells?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smok-Kalwat J, Chmielewski G, Stando R, Sadowski J, Macek P, Kowalik A, Nowak-Ozimek E, Góźdź S. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Analysis of Clinical and Pathological Features of PIK3CA-Mutated Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2887. [PMID: 37761256 PMCID: PMC10528120 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) is a well-known oncogene with a high prevalence of mutation in breast cancer patients. The effect of the mutation is a deregulation in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related pathways, and, consequently, in unrestricted cell growth and differentiation. With the advent of precision oncology, PIK3CA has emerged as a pivotal treatment target, culminating in the recent approval of alpelisib. Despite years of research on this genetic alteration, certain aspects of its influence on the prognosis of breast cancer remain ambiguous. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the clinical picture of breast cancer patients with PIK3CA mutation in comparison to the PIK3CA-wild-type group. We examined 103 tumor samples from 100 breast cancer patients using a next-generation sequencing panel. Presence of the mutation was linked to an older age at diagnosis, a lower expression of Ki67 protein, a greater percentage of tumors expressing progesterone receptors, and a notably higher incidence of metastatic disease at presentation. No significant differences were identified in overall and progression-free survival between the two groups. Our findings enhance the understanding of how PIK3CA mutations shape the clinical and prognostic landscape for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Smok-Kalwat
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Chmielewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Stando
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacek Sadowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (R.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Paweł Macek
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (E.N.-O.)
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowak-Ozimek
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.S.-K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bifarin O, Sah S, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Chen R, Palaniappan M, Kim J, Matzuk MM, Fernández FM. Machine Learning Reveals Lipidome Remodeling Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2092-2108. [PMID: 37220064 PMCID: PMC10243112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers affecting the female reproductive system. It may present little or no symptoms at the early stages and typically unspecific symptoms at later stages. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the subtype responsible for most ovarian cancer deaths. However, very little is known about the metabolic course of this disease, particularly in its early stages. In this longitudinal study, we examined the temporal course of serum lipidome changes using a robust HGSC mouse model and machine learning data analysis. Early progression of HGSC was marked by increased levels of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. In contrast, later stages featured more diverse lipid alterations, including fatty acids and their derivatives, triglycerides, ceramides, hexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylinositols. These alterations underscored unique perturbations in cell membrane stability, proliferation, and survival during cancer development and progression, offering potential targets for early detection and prognosis of human ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olatomiwa
O. Bifarin
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samyukta Sah
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David A. Gaul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit
Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- Petit
Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Department
of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department
of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and
Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department
of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit
Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rutland CD, Bean GR, Charville GW. Contemporary diagnostic approach to atypical vascular lesion and angiosarcoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023:S0740-2570(23)00045-X. [PMID: 37121782 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular neoplasms account for a substantial fraction of cutaneous mesenchymal tumors, spanning from clinically indolent benign lesions to highly aggressive malignancies. These neoplasms present a distinctive challenge in terms of their diagnostic histopathology, both because of the breadth of their morphological manifestations and because of the significant histological overlap between different entities, even benign and malignant ones. The post-radiotherapy setting is particularly problematic diagnostically, insofar as radiation exposure predisposes not only to secondary angiosarcoma, but also to atypical vascular lesion, a largely benign proliferation of cutaneous blood vessels typically affecting the breast. To address these challenges, we explore the clinical, histological, and molecular features of malignant vascular neoplasia, including primary and secondary subtypes, through the comparative lens of atypical vascular lesion. In addition to highlighting the key morphological indicators of malignancy in superficial vasoformative tumors, we offer an approach that integrates clinical characteristics and molecular genetic profiling to facilitate accurate classification. With this current knowledge as our foundation, we also look ahead in an effort to frame some of the key unanswered questions regarding superficial vascular malignancies and their natural history, clinical management, and molecular underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cooper D Rutland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory R Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bifarin OO, Sah S, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Chen R, Palaniappan M, Kim J, Matzuk MM, Fernández FM. Machine Learning Reveals Lipidome Remodeling Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.520434. [PMID: 36711577 PMCID: PMC9881992 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.520434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers affecting the female reproductive system. It may present little or no symptoms at the early stages, and typically unspecific symptoms at later stages. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the subtype responsible for most ovarian cancer deaths. However, very little is known about the metabolic course of this disease, particularly in its early stages. In this longitudinal study, we examined the temporal course of serum lipidome changes using a robust HGSC mouse model and machine learning data analysis. Early progression of HGSC was marked by increased levels of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. In contrast, later stages featured more diverse lipids alterations, including fatty acids and their derivatives, triglycerides, ceramides, hexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylinositols. These alterations underscored unique perturbations in cell membrane stability, proliferation, and survival during cancer development and progression, offering potential targets for early detection and prognosis of human ovarian cancer. Teaser Time-resolved lipidome remodeling in an ovarian cancer model is studied through lipidomics and machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olatomiwa O. Bifarin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samyukta Sah
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun G, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xie P. Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Its Catalytic Unit PIK3CA in Cervical Cancer: A Mini-Review. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6904769. [PMID: 36046780 PMCID: PMC9420646 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6904769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In complicated disorders like cancer, signaling pathways form a tangled network. Targeting one gene may result in an unfavorable reaction from another off-target gene. Such entwined complexities may result in treatment resistance or failure in cancer patients. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR (phosphoinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway is dysregulated in cervical cancer and is used as a biomarker for therapy. PI3K is a kinase that consists of a regulatory and catalytic domain and has phosphorylation capability. Class I components like the catalytic part (PIK3CA and PIK3CD) and regulatory part (like PIK3R1, PIK3R2, PIK3R3, and PIK3R5) are associated with oncogenesis and growth factors in cervical cancer. This review is aimed at discussing the involvement of the PI3K component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network in cervical cancer. Specifically, class I catalytic subunit PIK3CA has been identified as a pharmacological target, making it therapeutically significant. Apart from discussing the function of PI3K and PIK3CA in cervical cancer, we also discuss their inhibitors, which may be beneficial in treating cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Sun
- Ward Section of Home Overseas Doctors, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ward Section of Home Overseas Doctors, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Maternity Rehabilitation Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Ward Section of Home Overseas Doctors, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Class I PI3K Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:3-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Vandermeulen C, O’Grady T, Wayet J, Galvan B, Maseko S, Cherkaoui M, Desbuleux A, Coppin G, Olivet J, Ben Ameur L, Kataoka K, Ogawa S, Hermine O, Marcais A, Thiry M, Mortreux F, Calderwood MA, Van Weyenbergh J, Peloponese JM, Charloteaux B, Van den Broeke A, Hill DE, Vidal M, Dequiedt F, Twizere JC. The HTLV-1 viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ reprogram the cellular mRNA splicing landscape. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009919. [PMID: 34543356 PMCID: PMC8483338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are known to hijack the transcription and translation of the host cell. However, the extent to which viral proteins coordinate these perturbations remains unclear. Here we used a model system, the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and systematically analyzed the transcriptome and interactome of key effectors oncoviral proteins Tax and HBZ. We showed that Tax and HBZ target distinct but also common transcription factors. Unexpectedly, we also uncovered a large set of interactions with RNA-binding proteins, including the U2 auxiliary factor large subunit (U2AF2), a key cellular regulator of pre-mRNA splicing. We discovered that Tax and HBZ perturb the splicing landscape by altering cassette exons in opposing manners, with Tax inducing exon inclusion while HBZ induces exon exclusion. Among Tax- and HBZ-dependent splicing changes, we identify events that are also altered in Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) samples from two independent patient cohorts, and in well-known cancer census genes. Our interactome mapping approach, applicable to other viral oncogenes, has identified spliceosome perturbation as a novel mechanism coordinated by Tax and HBZ to reprogram the transcriptome. Tax and HBZ are two viral regulatory proteins encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) via sense and antisense transcripts, respectively. Both proteins are known to drive oncogenic processes that culminate in a T-cell neoplasm, known as Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). We measured the effects of Tax and HBZ on host gene expression pathway by analyzing the interactome with cellular transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators, and the transcriptome and mRNA splicing of cell lines expressing either Tax or HBZ. We compared our results with data obtained from independent cohorts of Japanese and Afro-Caribbean patients, and identified common splicing changes that might represent clinically useful biomarkers for ATLL. Finally, we provide evidence that the viral protein Tax can reprogram initial steps of the T-cell transcriptome diversification by hijacking the U2AF complex, a key cellular regulator of pre-mRNA splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vandermeulen
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Gene Expression and Cancer, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tina O’Grady
- Laboratory of Gene Expression and Cancer, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jerome Wayet
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Bartimee Galvan
- Laboratory of Gene Expression and Cancer, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sibusiso Maseko
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Majid Cherkaoui
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alice Desbuleux
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Georges Coppin
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julien Olivet
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lamya Ben Ameur
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service Hématologie Adultes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d’onco-hématologie, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marcais
- Service Hématologie Adultes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d’onco-hématologie, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Thiry
- Unit of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael A. Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Benoit Charloteaux
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne Van den Broeke
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA, Université de Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AVdB); (DEH); (MV); (FD); (J-CT)
| | - David E. Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AVdB); (DEH); (MV); (FD); (J-CT)
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AVdB); (DEH); (MV); (FD); (J-CT)
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Gene Expression and Cancer, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AVdB); (DEH); (MV); (FD); (J-CT)
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AVdB); (DEH); (MV); (FD); (J-CT)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parsons R. Discovery of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor and Its Connection to the PI3K and AKT Oncogenes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:a036129. [PMID: 31932465 PMCID: PMC7397838 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) was discovered over 20 years ago in 1997 and linked to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT oncogenes the following year. The discovery of PTEN emerged from the linked concepts of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that cause and prevent cancer and the fields of tumor viruses and human cancer genetics from which these two concepts arose. While much has been learned since, the initial discovery and characterization, including the discovery that PTEN is a regulator of PI3K and AKT, provide the foundation on which we continue to build our knowledge. To provide the context in which these cancer genes were discovered, background information that led to their discovery will also be discussed, which will hopefully be a useful guide for readers seeking to build on the work of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Swofford R, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Wang C, Sakthikumar S, Johnson J, Koltookian M, Lewellen M, Scott MC, Schulte AJ, Borst L, Tonomura N, Alfoldi J, Painter C, Thomas R, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Modiano JF, Elvers I, Lindblad-Toh K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Shared Mutational Landscape in Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Human Angiosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2410-2421. [PMID: 31570656 PMCID: PMC7067513 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with few effective treatment options and high patient mortality. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well-powered genomic studies nearly impossible. Dogs commonly suffer from a similar cancer, called hemangiosarcoma, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma via whole-exome sequencing (47 golden retriever hemangiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 hemangiosarcomas from multiple breeds). Somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine. As reported in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found many of the same genes and pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, particularly in breast and visceral angiosarcomas. Canine hemangiosarcoma closely models the genomic landscape of human angiosarcoma of the breast and viscera, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. IMPLICATIONS: We characterize the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma and demonstrate its similarity to human angiosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Alfoldi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Corrie Painter
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arafeh R, Samuels Y. PIK3CA in cancer: The past 30 years. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Abstract
I always loved biology and to do experiments. This passion and a great deal of good fortune and serendipity landed me in the field of retrovirology at the time when it opened to experimental analysis. I became involved in viral replication, genetics, and viral oncogenes. In more recent years, I have applied what I learned in tumor virology to human cancer. The early years of my personal life were marked by displacements and migration: deportation into East Germany, escape to the West, and emigration to the United States. As a young man I faced heartbreaking personal tragedies but attained a peaceful and steady course in the second half of my life. I am fortunate to have found my home in Southern California and to continue in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Vogt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang K, Liu X, Han M, Liu Y, Wang X, Yu H, Liu J, Zhang Q. Functional differentiation of three phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in response to Vibrio anguillarum infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:450-459. [PMID: 31207302 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA has been extensively investigated from its molecular mechanism perspective and association with its mutations in different types of cancers. However, little has been reported regarding the pathological significance of PIK3CA expression in teleost. Here, in our present study, three PIK3CA genes termed SmPIK3CAa, SmPIK3CAb and SmPIK3CA-like were firstly identified in the genome of turbot S. maximus. Although these three genes located in different chromosomes, all of them share the same five domains. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis indicated that SmPIK3CAa, SmPIK3CAb and SmPIK3CA-like were three paralogs that may originate from duplication of the same ancestral PIK3CA gene. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed the cytoplasm distribution of these three paralogs. All three SmPIK3CA were ubiquitously expressed in examined tissues in turbot, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as blood, spleen, kidney, gills and intestines. Upon Vibrio anguillarum challenge, SmPIK3CAa and SmPIK3CA-like transcripts were significantly induced in spleen, intestine and blood despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. Additionally, individuals in resistant group showed significantly higher expression level of both two genes than in the susceptible group. Moreover, four SNPs (102, 2530, 3027 and 3060) and one haplotype (Hap2) located in exon region of SmPIK3CA-like were identified and confirmed to be associated with V. anguillarum resistance in turbot by association analysis in different populations. Taken together, these results suggested that functional differentiation occurred in three SmPIK3CA paralogs with Vibrio anguillarum resistance and SmPIK3CAa and SmPIK3CA-like probable play potential roles in innate immune response to pathogenic invasions in turbot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Miao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuangang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in various human cancers and has been considered a promising therapeutic target. Many of the positive regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, including the catalytic (p110α) and regulatory (p85α), of class IA PI3K, AKT, RHEB, mTOR, and eIF4E, possess oncogenic potentials, as demonstrated by transformation assays in vitro and by genetically engineered mouse models in vivo. Genetic evidences also indicate their roles in malignancies induced by activation of the upstream oncoproteins including receptor tyrosine kinases and RAS and those induced by the loss of the negative regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway such as PTEN, TSC1/2, LKB1, and PIPP. Possible mechanisms by which the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis contributes to oncogenic transformation include stimulation of proliferation, survival, metabolic reprogramming, and invasion/metastasis, as well as suppression of autophagy and senescence. These phenotypic changes are mediated by eIF4E-induced translation of a subset of mRNAs and by other downstream effectors of mTORC1 including S6K, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, SREBP, and ULK1 complex.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vogt PK. The Importance of Being Non-Defective: A Mini Review Dedicated to the Memory of Jan Svoboda. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010080. [PMID: 30669277 PMCID: PMC6360021 DOI: 10.3390/v11010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Jan Svoboda triggered investigations on non-defective avian sarcoma viruses. These viruses were a critical factor in the genetic understanding of retroviruses. They provided the single and unique access to the field and facilitated the discovery of the first oncogene src and of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. They continue to be of importance as singularly effective expression vectors that have provided insights into the molecular functions of numerous oncogenes. Combined with the contributions to the validation of the provirus hypothesis, Jan Svoboda’s investigations of non-defective avian sarcoma viruses have shaped a large and important part of retrovirology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Vogt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goulielmaki E, Bermudez-Brito M, Andreou M, Tzenaki N, Tzardi M, de Bree E, Tsentelierou E, Makrigiannakis A, Papakonstanti EA. Pharmacological inactivation of the PI3K p110δ prevents breast tumour progression by targeting cancer cells and macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:678. [PMID: 29880805 PMCID: PMC5992183 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patient selection for PI3K-targeted solid cancer treatment was based on the PIK3CA/PTEN mutational status. However, it is increasingly clear that this is not a good predictor of the response of breast cancer cells to the anti-proliferative effect of PI3K inhibitors, indicating that isoform(s) other than p110α may modulate cancer cells sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Surprisingly, we found that although no mutations in the p110δ subunit have been detected thus far in breast cancer, the expression of p110δ becomes gradually elevated during human breast cancer progression from grade I to grade III. Moreover, pharmacological inactivation of p110δ in mice abrogated the formation of tumours and the recruitment of macrophages to tumour sites and strongly affected the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of grafted tumour cells. Pharmacological inactivation of p110δ in mice with defective macrophages or in mice with normal macrophages but grafted with p110δ-lacking tumours suppressed only partly tumour growth, indicating a requisite role of p110δ in both macrophages and cancer cells in tumour progression. Adoptive transfer of δD910A/D910A macrophages into mice with defected macrophages suppressed tumour growth, eliminated the recruitment of macrophages to tumour sites and prevented metastasis compared with mice that received WT macrophages further establishing that inactivation of p110δ in macrophage prevents tumour progression. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence for a critical role of p110δ in cancer cells and macrophages during solid tumour growth and may pave the way for the use of p110δ inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Margarita Andreou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eelco de Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Tsentelierou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fruman DA, Chiu H, Hopkins BD, Bagrodia S, Cantley LC, Abraham RT. The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease. Cell 2017; 170:605-635. [PMID: 28802037 PMCID: PMC5726441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1592] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K pathway-targeted therapies have been tested in oncology trials, resulting in regulatory approval of one isoform-selective inhibitor (idelalisib) for treatment of certain blood cancers and a variety of other agents at different stages of development. In parallel to PI3K research by cancer biologists, investigations in other fields have uncovered exciting and often unpredicted roles for PI3K catalytic and regulatory subunits in normal cell function and in disease. Many of these functions impinge upon oncology by influencing the efficacy and toxicity of PI3K-targeted therapies. Here we provide a perspective on the roles of class I PI3Ks in the regulation of cellular metabolism and in immune system functions, two topics closely intertwined with cancer biology. We also discuss recent progress developing PI3K-targeted therapies for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
| | - Honyin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hopkins
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646/CB4 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert T Abraham
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646/CB4 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ito Y, Vogt PK, Hart JR. Domain analysis reveals striking functional differences between the regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p85α and p85β. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55863-55876. [PMID: 28915558 PMCID: PMC5593529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of isoform-specific activities of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is still rudimentary, and yet, deep knowledge of these non-redundant functions in the PI3K family is essential for effective and safe control of PI3K in disease. The two major isoforms of the regulatory subunits of PI3K are p85α and p85β, encoded by the genes PIK3R1 and PIK3R2, respectively. These isoforms show distinct functional differences that affect and control cellular PI3K activity and signaling [1–4]. In this study, we have further explored the differences between p85α and p85β by genetic truncations and substitutions. We have discovered unexpected activities of the mutant proteins that reflect regulatory functions of distinct p85 domains. These results can be summarized as follows: Deletion of the SH3 domain increases oncogenic and PI3K signaling activity. Deletion of the combined SH3-RhoGAP domains abolishes these activities. In p85β, deletion of the cSH2 domain reduces oncogenic and signaling activities. In p85α, such a deletion has an activating effect. The deletions of the combined cSH2 and iSH2 domains and also the deletion of the cSH2, iSH2 and nSH2 domains yield results that go in the same direction, generally activating in p85α and reducing activity in p85β. The contrasting functions of the cSH2 domains are verified by domain exchanges with the cSH2 domain of p85β exerting an activating effect and the cSH2 domain of p85α an inactivating effect, even in the heterologous isoform. In the cell systems studied, protein stability was not correlated with oncogenic and signaling activity. These observations significantly expand our knowledge of the isoform-specific activities of p85α and p85β and of the functional significance of specific domains for regulating the catalytic subunits of class IA PI3K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Vogt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maheshwari S, Miller MS, O'Meally R, Cole RN, Amzel LM, Gabelli SB. Kinetic and structural analyses reveal residues in phosphoinositide 3-kinase α that are critical for catalysis and substrate recognition. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13541-13550. [PMID: 28676499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are ubiquitous lipid kinases that activate signaling cascades controlling cell survival, proliferation, protein synthesis, and vesicle trafficking. PI3Ks have dual kinase specificity: a lipid kinase activity that phosphorylates the 3'-hydroxyl of phosphoinositides and a protein-kinase activity that includes autophosphorylation. Despite the wealth of biochemical and structural information on PI3Kα, little is known about the identity and roles of individual active-site residues in catalysis. To close this gap, we explored the roles of residues of the catalytic domain and the regulatory subunit of human PI3Kα in lipid and protein phosphorylation. Using site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic assays, and quantitative mass spectrometry, we precisely mapped key residues involved in substrate recognition and catalysis by PI3Kα. Our results revealed that Lys-776, located in the P-loop of PI3Kα, is essential for the recognition of lipid and ATP substrates and also plays an important role in PI3Kα autophosphorylation. Replacement of the residues His-936 and His-917 in the activation and catalytic loops, respectively, with alanine dramatically changed PI3Kα kinetics. Although H936A inactivated the lipid kinase activity without affecting autophosphorylation, H917A abolished both the lipid and protein kinase activities of PI3Kα. On the basis of these kinetic and structural analyses, we propose possible mechanistic roles of these critical residues in PI3Kα catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Maheshwari
- From the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Robert O'Meally
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Robert N Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - L Mario Amzel
- From the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- From the Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Crumbaker M, Khoja L, Joshua AM. AR Signaling and the PI3K Pathway in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040034. [PMID: 28420128 PMCID: PMC5406709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Aberrant signaling in the androgen pathway is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Despite ongoing reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling in castrate resistant disease, in addition to the development of potent androgen targeting drugs, patients invariably develop treatment resistance. Interactions between the AR and PI3K pathways may be a mechanism of treatment resistance and inhibitors of this pathway have been developed with variable success. Herein we outline the role of the PI3K pathway in prostate cancer and, in particular, its association with androgen receptor signaling in the pathogenesis and evolution of prostate cancer, as well as a review of the clinical utility of PI3K targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Crumbaker
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Leila Khoja
- AstraZeneca UK, Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development Innovative Medicines, da Vinci Building, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Hertfordshire SG8 6HB, UK.
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dirican E, Akkiprik M. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695529. [PMID: 28351303 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Turkey and worldwide. It is considered a heterogeneous disease and has different subtypes. Moreover, breast cancer has different molecular characteristics, behaviors, and responses to treatment. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in breast cancer progression have led to the identification of many potential therapeutic gene targets, such as Breast Cancer 1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha, and tumor protein 53. The aim of this review is to summarize the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) (alias p85α) and phosphatase and tensin homolog in breast cancer progression and the molecular mechanisms involved. Phosphatase and tensin homolog is a tumor suppressor gene and protein. Phosphatase and tensin homolog antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway that plays a key role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression, detected in about 20%-30% of cases, is known to be one of the most common tumor changes leading to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation in breast cancer. Instead, the regulatory subunit p85α is a significant component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and it has been proposed that a reduction in p85α protein would lead to decreased negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 protein has also been reported to be a positive regulator of phosphatase and tensin homolog via the stabilization of this protein. A functional genetic alteration of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 that results in reduced p85α protein expression and increased insulin receptor substrate 1 binding would lead to enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and hence cancer development. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 underexpression was observed in 61.8% of breast cancer samples. Therefore, expression/alternations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog genes have crucial roles for breast cancer progression. This review will summarize the biological roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog in breast cancer, with an emphasis on recent findings and the potential of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog as a therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
PIK3CA Mutations are Common in Many Tumor Types and are Often Associated With Other Driver Mutations. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:313-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
23
|
Gong L, Govan JM, Evans EB, Dai H, Wang E, Lee SW, Lin HK, Lazar AJ, Mills GB, Lin SY. Nuclear PTEN tumor-suppressor functions through maintaining heterochromatin structure. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2323-32. [PMID: 25946202 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor, PTEN, is one of the most commonly mutated genes in cancer. Recently, PTEN has been shown to localize in the nucleus and is required to maintain genomic stability. Here, we show that nuclear PTEN, independent of its phosphatase activity, is essential for maintaining heterochromatin structure. Depletion of PTEN leads to loss of heterochromatic foci, decreased chromatin compaction, overexpression of heterochromatic genes, and reduced protein stability of heterochromatin protein 1 α. We found that the C-terminus of PTEN is required to maintain heterochromatin structure. Additionally, cancer-associated PTEN mutants lost their tumor-suppressor function when their heterochromatin structure was compromised. We propose that this novel role of PTEN accounts for its function in guarding genomic stability and suppressing tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gong
- a Department of Systems Biology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leroy C, Ramos P, Cornille K, Bonenfant D, Fritsch C, Voshol H, Bentires-Alj M. Activation of IGF1R/p110β/AKT/mTOR confers resistance to α-specific PI3K inhibition. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:41. [PMID: 27048245 PMCID: PMC4820873 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PI3K pathway is hyperactivated in many cancers, including 70 % of breast cancers. Pan- and isoform-specific inhibitors of the PI3K pathway are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. However, the clinical responses to PI3K inhibitors when used as single agents are not as efficient as expected. Methods In order to anticipate potential molecular mechanisms of resistance to the p110α isoform-selective inhibitor BYL719, we developed resistant breast cancer cell lines, assessed the concomitant changes in cellular signaling pathways using unbiased phosphotyrosine proteomics and characterized the mechanism of resistance using pharmacological inhibitors. Results We found an increase in IGF1R, IRS1/IRS2 and p85 phosphorylation in the resistant lines. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments identified an IGF1R/IRS/p85/p110β complex that causes the activation of AKT/mTOR/S6K and stifles the effects of BYL719. Pharmacological inhibition of members of this complex reduced mTOR/S6K activation and restored sensitivity to BYL719. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the IGF1R/p110β/AKT/mTOR axis confers resistance to BYL719 in PIK3CA mutant breast cancers. This provides a rationale for the combined targeting of p110α with IGF1R or p110β in patients with breast tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0697-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Leroy
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstraße 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Ramos
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstraße 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Cornille
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstraße 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debora Bonenfant
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fritsch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstraße 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang M, Lewinska M, Fan X, Zhu J, Yuan ZM. PRR14 is a novel activator of the PI3K pathway promoting lung carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5527-5538. [PMID: 27041574 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal focal amplifications often cause an increase in gene copy number, contributing to the pathogenesis of cancer. PRR14 overexpression is associated with recurrent locus amplification in lung cancer, and it correlates with a poor prognosis. We show that increased PRR14 expression promoted and reduced PRR14 expression impeded lung cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, PRR14 cells were markedly enlarged in size and exhibited an elevated activity of the PI3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, which was associated with a heightened sensitivity to the inhibitors of PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Biochemical analysis revealed that PRR14, as a proline-rich protein, binds to the Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of GRB2 resulting in PI3K activation. Significantly, two cancer patient-derived PRR14 mutants displayed considerably augmented GRB2-binding and an enhanced ability of promoting cell proliferation. Together with the in vivo data demonstrating a strong tumor-promoting activity of PRR14 and the mutants, our work uncovered this proline-rich protein as a novel activator of the PI3K pathway that promoted tumorigenesis in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Lewinska
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Fan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z-M Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Adachi M, Hoshino Y, Izumi Y, Takagi S. Immunohistochemical detection of a potential molecular therapeutic target for canine hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:649-56. [PMID: 26685984 PMCID: PMC4873857 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a progressive malignant neoplasm of dogs for which there is currently no effective treatment. A recent study suggested that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the PI3K/Akt/m-TOR and MAPK pathways are all activated in canine and human HSA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the overexpression of these proteins by immunohistochemistry in canine splenic HSA to identify potential molecular therapeutic targets. A total of 10 splenic HSAs and two normal splenic samples surgically resected from dogs were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological diagnosis or analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of RTKs, c-kit, VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-2, as well as PI3K/Akt/m-TOR and MEK was higher in canine splenic HSAs compared to normal spleens. These proteins may therefore be potential therapeutic targets in canine splenic HSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Adachi
- Laboratory of Advanced Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen D, Mao C, Zhou Y, Su Y, Liu S, Qi WQ. PF-04691502, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor has potent pre-clinical activity by inducing apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:253-60. [PMID: 26549638 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in a variety of human tumors including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Targeting this pathway has been validated in solid and hematological tumors. In the present study, we demonstrated that PF-04691502, a novel PI3K/mTOR inhibitor has potent activity in a panel of aggressive B-NHL cell lines including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MTS analysis showed that PF-04691502 effectively inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.55 µM. Cells treated with PF-04691502 exhibited decreased phosphorylation of Akt and S6 ribosomal protein confirming the mechanism of action of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Also, treatment of B-NHL cell lines with PF-04691502 induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, PF-04691502 significantly induced G1 cell cycle arrest associated with a decrease in cyclin D1 which contributed to suppression of cell proliferation. Finally, rituximab enhanced apoptosis induced by PF-04691502. Taken together, our findings provide for the first time that PF-04691502 inhibits the constitutively activated PI3K/mTOR pathway in aggressive B-cell NHL cell lines associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. These findings suggest that PF-04691502 is a novel therapeutic strategy in aggressive B-cell NHL and warrants early phase clinical trial evaluation with and without rituximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Su
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shenzha Liu
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Qi
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim HJ, Kim A, Ahn H, Ahn IM, Choi J, Chang H. Meta-analysis reveals no significant correlation between breast cancer survival and ErbB3 expression. APMIS 2015; 123:383-93. [PMID: 25912128 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prognostic value of ErbB3 in human breast cancer is still controversial. However, the roles of ErbB3 receptors in drug resistance are recently emerging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ErbB3 expression and survival of breast cancer via meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted and 32 potentially relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis. Outcomes presented in searched literatures can be classified as disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and progress free survival (PFS) values. Meta-analysis was performed for each group. Results showed no statistically significant difference in survival. The overall hazard ratio of PFS, DFS, and OS of ErbB3 expression was 1.40 [95% confidence interval/CI (0.51, 3.83)], 1.07 [95% CI (0.82, 1.40)], and 1.15 [95% CI (0.91, 1.44)], respectively. Subgroup analysis according to ErbB2 receptor status, ErbB3 assessment methods (immunohistochemistry/IHC vs non-IHC), and analysis type (multivariate and univariate analysis) were performed. No significant association was found. Using various assessment methods and patient populations, our results revealed that there was no significant correlation between ErbB3 expression and breast cancer survival. Further studies on heterodimers of ErbB3 and other molecular markers involved in ErbB3 related pathway are merited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen S, Li F, Chai H, Tao X, Wang H, Ji A. miR-502 inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:500-5. [PMID: 26163264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-502 significantly inhibits HCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HCC cells were induced by miR-502. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma (PIK3CG) was identified as a direct downstream target of miR-502 in HCC cells. Notably, overexpression of PIK3CG reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-502 in HCC cells. Our findings suggest that miR-502 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC via inhibition of PI3KCG, supporting its utility as a promising therapeutic gene target for this tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suling Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Haiyun Chai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Aifang Ji
- Central Laboratory, Heping Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anticipating mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition in breast cancer: a challenge in the era of precision medicine. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:733-41. [PMID: 25109950 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Frequent subversion of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway during neoplastic transformation contributes to several hallmarks of cancer that result in a competitive advantage for cancer cells. Deregulation of this pathway can be the result of genomic alterations such as PIK3CA mutation, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) loss or the activation of upstream protein tyrosine kinases. Not surprisingly, the PI3K signalling pathway has become an attractive therapeutic target, and numerous inhibitors are in clinical trials. Unfortunately, current therapies for advanced cancers that target PI3K often lead to the development of resistance and relapse of the disease. It is therefore important to establish the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PI3K-targeted therapy. With the focus on breast cancer, in the present article, we summarize the different ways of targeting PI3K, review potential mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition and discuss the rationale of combination treatments to reach a balance between efficacy and toxicity.
Collapse
|
31
|
CDK1 substitutes for mTOR kinase to activate mitotic cap-dependent protein translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5875-82. [PMID: 25883264 PMCID: PMC4434708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505787112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is commonly thought to be associated with reduced cap-dependent protein translation. Here we show an alternative control mechanism for maintaining cap-dependent translation during mitosis revealed by a viral oncoprotein, Merkel cell polyomavirus small T (MCV sT). We find MCV sT to be a promiscuous E3 ligase inhibitor targeting the anaphase-promoting complex, which increases cell mitogenesis. MCV sT binds through its Large T stabilization domain region to cell division cycle protein 20 (Cdc20) and, possibly, cdc20 homolog 1 (Cdh1) E3 ligase adapters. This activates cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 (CDK1/CYCB1) to directly hyperphosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein (4E-BP1) at authentic sites, generating a mitosis-specific, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor-resistant δ phospho-isoform not present in G1-arrested cells. Recombinant 4E-BP1 inhibits capped mRNA reticulocyte translation, which is partially reversed by CDK1/CYCB1 phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. eIF4G binding to the eIF4E-m(7)GTP cap complex is resistant to mTOR inhibition during mitosis but sensitive during interphase. Flow cytometry, with and without sT, reveals an orthogonal pH3(S10+) mitotic cell population having higher inactive p4E-BP1(T37/T46+) saturation levels than pH3(S10-) interphase cells. Using a Click-iT flow cytometric assay to directly measure mitotic protein synthesis, we find that most new protein synthesis during mitosis is cap-dependent, a result confirmed using the eIF4E/4G inhibitor drug 4E1RCat. For most cell lines tested, cap-dependent translation levels were generally similar between mitotic and interphase cells, and the majority of new mitotic protein synthesis was cap-dependent. These findings suggest that mitotic cap-dependent translation is generally sustained during mitosis by CDK1 phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 even under conditions of reduced mTOR signaling.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thorpe LM, Yuzugullu H, Zhao JJ. PI3K in cancer: divergent roles of isoforms, modes of activation and therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:7-24. [PMID: 25533673 PMCID: PMC4384662 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 964] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are crucial coordinators of intracellular signalling in response to extracellular stimuli. Hyperactivation of PI3K signalling cascades is one of the most common events in human cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of specific PI3K isoforms in normal and oncogenic signalling, the different ways in which PI3K can be upregulated, and the current state and future potential of targeting this pathway in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Thorpe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Haluk Yuzugullu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Correspondence to J.J.Z. by
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Larson-Casey JL, Murthy S, Ryan AJ, Carter AB. Modulation of the mevalonate pathway by akt regulates macrophage survival and development of pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:36204-19. [PMID: 25378391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) is a key effector of multiple cellular processes, including cell survival. Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, is known to increase cell survival by regulation of the intrinsic pathway for apoptosis. In this study, we found that Akt modulated the mevalonate pathway, which is also linked to cell survival, by increasing Rho GTPase activation. Akt modulated the pathway by phosphorylating mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) at Ser(96). This phosphorylation in macrophages increased activation of Rac1, which enhanced macrophage survival because mutation of MDD (MDDS96A) induced apoptosis. Akt-mediated activation in macrophages was specific for Rac1 because Akt did not increase activity of other Rho GTP-binding proteins. The relationship between Akt and Rac1 was biologically relevant because Akt(+/-) mice had significantly less active Rac1 in alveolar macrophages, and macrophages from Akt(+/-) mice had an increase in active caspase-9 and -3. More importantly, Akt(+/-) mice were significantly protected from the development of pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that macrophage survival is associated with the fibrotic phenotype. These observations for the first time suggest that Akt plays a critical role in the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing macrophage survival via modulation of the mevalonate pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Murthy
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
| | - Alan J Ryan
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
| | - A Brent Carter
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology and Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology, the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and the Department of Human Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang Q, Modi P, Ramanathan S, Quéva C, Gandhi V. Idelalisib for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.978858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Falasca M, Maffucci T. Targeting p110gamma in gastrointestinal cancers: attack on multiple fronts. Front Physiol 2014; 5:391. [PMID: 25360116 PMCID: PMC4197894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate several cellular functions that are critical for cancer progression and development, including cell survival, proliferation and migration. Three classes of PI3Ks exist with the class I PI3K encompassing four isoforms of the catalytic subunit known as p110α, p110β, p110γ, and p110δ. Although for many years attention has been mainly focused on p110α recent evidence supports the conclusion that p110β, p110γ, and p110δ can also have a role in cancer. Amongst these, accumulating evidence now indicates that p110γ is involved in several cellular processes associated with cancer and indeed this specific isoform has emerged as a novel important player in cancer progression. Studies from our laboratory have identified a specific overexpression of p110γ in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Our data have further established that selective inhibition of p110γ is able to block PDAC and HCC cell proliferation, strongly suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme can directly affect growth of these tumors. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that p110γ plays also a key role in the interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment and in particular in tumor-associated immune response. It has also been reported that p110γ can regulate invasion of myeloid cells into tumors and tumor angiogenesis. Finally p110γ has also been directly involved in regulation of cancer cell migration. Taken together these data indicate that p110γ plays multiple roles in regulation of several processes that are critical for tumor progression and metastasis. This review will discuss the role of p110γ in gastrointestinal tumor development and progression and how targeting this enzyme might represent a way to target very aggressive tumors such as pancreatic and liver cancer on multiple fronts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Inositide Signalling Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Inositide Signalling Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Danilov A, Shaposhnikov M, Plyusnina E, Kogan V, Fedichev P, Moskalev A. Selective anticancer agents suppress aging in Drosophila. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1507-26. [PMID: 24096697 PMCID: PMC3824538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the PI3K, TOR, iNOS, and NF-κB genes increase lifespan of model organisms and reduce the risk of some aging-associated diseases. We studied the effects of inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin), TOR (rapamycin), iNOS (1400W), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamate and QNZ), and the combined effects of inhibitors: PI3K (wortmannin) and TOR (rapamycin), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamates) and PI3K (wortmannin), NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates) and TOR (rapamycin) on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and quality of life (locomotor activity and fertility). Our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, TOR, NF-κB, and iNOS increases lifespan of Drosophila without decreasing quality of life. The greatest lifespan expanding effect was achieved by a combination of rapamycin (5 μM) and wortmannin (5 μM) (by 23.4%). The bioinformatic analysis (KEGG, REACTOME.PATH, DOLite, and GO.BP) showed the greatest aging-suppressor activity of rapamycin, consistent with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danilov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rizzo G, Black M, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Nichols AC. Defining the genomic landscape of head and neck cancers through next-generation sequencing. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e11-24. [PMID: 24725020 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of genomics and improved our understanding of cancer biology. Advances have been achieved by sequencing tumor DNA and using matched normal DNA to filter out germ line variants to identify cancer-specific changes. The identification of high incidences of activating mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) amenable to drug targeting has been made, with clear distinctions between the mutational profile of HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. This wealth of new understanding undoubtedly ameliorates our understanding of HNSCC cancer biology and elucidates clear targets for drug targeting which will guide future personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
PI3K isoform dependence of PTEN-deficient tumors can be altered by the genetic context. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6395-400. [PMID: 24737887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the use of isoform-selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer therapy. Using conditional deletion of the p110 catalytic isoforms of PI3K to predict sensitivity of cancer types to such inhibitors, we and others have demonstrated that tumors deficient of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are often dependent on the p110β isoform of PI3K. Because human cancers usually arise due to multiple genetic events, determining whether other genetic alterations might alter the p110 isoform requirements of PTEN-null tumors becomes a critical question. To investigate further the roles of p110 isoforms in PTEN-deficient tumors, we used a mouse model of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma driven by concomitant activation of the rat sarcoma protein Kras, which is known to activate p110α, and loss of PTEN. In this model, ablation of p110β had no effect on tumor growth, whereas p110α ablation blocked tumor formation. Because ablation of PTEN alone is often p110β dependent, we wondered if the same held true in the ovary. Because PTEN loss alone in the ovary did not result in tumor formation, we tested PI3K isoform dependence in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells deficient in both PTEN and p53. These cells were indeed p110β dependent, whereas OSEs expressing activated Kras with or without PTEN loss were p110α dependent. Furthermore, isoform-selective inhibitors showed a similar pattern of the isoform dependence in established Kras(G12D)/PTEN-deficient tumors. Taken together, our data suggest that, whereas in some tissues PTEN-null tumors appear to inherently depend on p110β, the p110 isoform reliance of PTEN-deficient tumors may be altered by concurrent mutations that activate p110α.
Collapse
|
39
|
He J, Wang M, Jiang Y, Chen Q, Xu S, Xu Q, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Chronic arsenic exposure and angiogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells via the ROS/miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α/COX-2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:255-61. [PMID: 24413338 PMCID: PMC3948041 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and occupational exposure to arsenic is a major public health concern. Although it has been identified as a human carcinogen, the molecular mechanism underlying the arsenic-induced carcinogenesis is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the role and mechanisms of miRNAs in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. METHODS We utilized an in vitro model in which human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were transformed through long-term exposure to arsenic. A human xenograft tumor model was established to assess tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Tube formation assay and chorioallantoic membranes assay were used to assess tumor angiogenesis. RESULTS We found that miR-199a-5p expression levels were more than 100-fold lower in arsenic-transformed cells than parental cells. Re-expression of miR-199a-5p impaired arsenic-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth through its direct targets HIF-1α and COX-2. We further showed that arsenic induced COX-2 expression through HIF-1 regulation at the transcriptional level. In addition, we demonstrated that reactive oxygen species are an upstream event of miR-199a-5p/ HIF-1α/COX-2 pathway in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION The findings establish critical roles of miR-199a-5p and its downstream targets HIF-1/COX-2 in arsenic-induced tumor growth and angiogenesis. CITATION He J, Wang M, Jiang Y, Chen Q, Xu S, Xu Q, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. 2014. Chronic arsenic exposure and angiogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells via the ROS/miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α/COX-2 Pathway. Environ Health Perspect 122:255-261; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307545.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Phosphorylated AKT inhibits the apoptosis induced by DRAM-mediated mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma by preventing the translocation of DRAM to mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1078. [PMID: 24556693 PMCID: PMC3944266 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing autophagy is beneficial for curing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) was recently reported to induce apoptosis by mediating autophagy. However, the effects of DRAM-mediated autophagy on apoptosis in HCC cells remain unclear. In this study, normal hepatocytes (7702) and HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7) were starved for 48 h. Starvation induced apoptosis and autophagy in all cell lines. We determined that starvation also induced DRAM expression and DRAM-mediated autophagy in both normal hepatocytes and HCC cells. However, DRAM-mediated autophagy was involved in apoptosis in normal hepatocytes but not in HCC cells, suggesting that DRAM-mediated autophagy fails to induce apoptosis in hepatoma in response to starvation. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that DRAM translocated to mitochondria and induced mitophagy, which led to apoptosis in 7702 cells. In HCC cells, starvation also activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, which blocks the translocation of DRAM to mitochondria through the binding of p-AKT to DRAM in the cytoplasm. Inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway rescued DRAM translocation to mitochondria; subsequently, mitochondrial DRAM induced apoptosis in HCC cells by mediating mitophagy. Our findings open new avenues for the investigation of the mechanisms of DRAM-mediated autophagy and suggest that promoting DRAM-mediated autophagy together with PI3K/AKT inhibition might be more effective for autophagy-based therapy in hepatoma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Oncogenic PIK3CA mutation and dysregulation in human salivary duct carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:810487. [PMID: 24511546 PMCID: PMC3910486 DOI: 10.1155/2014/810487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality, which resembles high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in morphology. The parotid gland is the most common location. Its molecular genetic characteristics remain largely unknown. We have previously reported high incidence of PIK3CA somatic mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in pharyngeal cancers. Here we examined the PIK3CA gene expression status and hotspot mutations in six cases of SDC by immunohistochemistry and genomic DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemistry showed that PIK3CA expression was elevated in all six patients with SDC. By DNA sequencing, two hotspot mutations of the PIK3CA gene, E545K (exon 9) and H1047R (exon 20), were identified in two of the six cases. Our results support that oncogenic PIK3CA is upregulated and frequently mutated in human SDC, adding evidence that PIK3CA oncogenic pathway is critical in the tumorigenesis of SDC, and may be a plausible drug target for this rare disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in oncology. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
43
|
Hashimoto M, Suizu F, Tokuyama W, Noguchi H, Hirata N, Matsuda-Lennikov M, Edamura T, Masuzawa M, Gotoh N, Tanaka S, Noguchi M. Protooncogene TCL1b functions as an Akt kinase co-activator that exhibits oncogenic potency in vivo. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e70. [PMID: 24042734 PMCID: PMC3816220 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protooncogene T-cell leukemia 1 (TCL1), which is implicated in human T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), interacts with Akt and enhances its kinase activity, functioning as an Akt kinase co-activator. Two major isoforms of TCL1 Protooncogenes (TCL1 and TCL1b) are present adjacent to each other on human chromosome 14q.32. In human T-PLL, both TCL1 and TCL1b are activated by chromosomal translocation. Moreover, TCL1b-transgenic mice have never been created. Therefore, it remains unclear whether TCL1b itself, independent of TCL1, exhibits oncogenicity. In co-immunoprecipitation assays, both ectopic and endogenous TCL1b interacted with Akt. In in vitro Akt kinase assays, TCL1b enhanced Akt kinase activity in dose- and time-dependent manners. Bioinformatics approaches utilizing multiregression analysis, cluster analysis, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway mapping, Venn diagrams and Gene Ontology (GO) demonstrated that TCL1b showed highly homologous gene-induction signatures similar to Myr-Akt or TCL1. TCL1b exhibited oncogenicity in in vitro colony-transformation assay. Further, two independent lines of β-actin promoter-driven TCL1b-transgenic mice developed angiosarcoma on the intestinal tract. Angiosarcoma is a rare form of cancer in humans with poor prognosis. Using immunohistochemistry, 11 out of 13 human angiosarcoma samples were positively stained with both anti-TCL1b and anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Consistently, in various cancer tissues, 69 out of 146 samples were positively stained with anti-TCL1b, out of which 46 were positively stained with anti-phospho-Akt antibodies. Moreover, TCL1b structure-based inhibitor 'TCL1b-Akt-in' inhibited Akt kinase activity in in vitro kinase assays and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-induced Akt kinase activities-in turn, 'TCL1b-Akt-in' inhibited cellular proliferation of sarcoma. The current study disclosed TCL1b bears oncogenicity and hence serves as a novel therapeutic target for human neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hashimoto
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim J, Jeong H, Lee Y, Kim C, Kim H, Kim A. HRG-β1-driven ErbB3 signaling induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:383. [PMID: 23937725 PMCID: PMC3750857 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heregulin (HRG; also known as neuregulin) is a ligand for ErbB3. One of its isotypes, HRG-β1, binds to ErbB3 and forms heterodimers with other ErbB family members, thereby enhancing the proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. HRG stimulation may contribute to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis in breast cancer. Majority of studies regarding EMT has been concentrated on TGF-β signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether the HRG-β1 and ErbB3 activate Smad2 signaling during process of EMT in breast cancer cells. Methods The SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines were used. The expressions of phospho-Smad2 and EMT markers were observed by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays after treatment with HRG-β1. The cell motility and invasiveness were determined by wound healing and matrigel invasion assays. Smad2 and ErbB3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfections were performed to assess the involvement of ErbB3 and Smad2 in HRG-β1-induced EMT. Results HRG-β1 induced EMT through activation of Smad2. The expression of E-cadherin was decreased after HRG-β1 treatment, while the expressions of Snail, vimentin, and fibronectin were increased. The HRG-β1-induced expressions of Snail, vimentin, and fibronectin, and nuclear colocalization of phospho-Smad2 and Snail were inhibited by pretreatment with a PI3k inhibitor, LY294002, or two phospho-Smad2 inhibitors, PD169316 or SB203580 and cancer cell migration by HRG-β1 was inhibited. Knockdown of Smad2 by siRNA transfection suppressed the expressions of Snail and fibronectin in response to HRG-β1 stimulation and knockdown of ErbB3 suppressed the expressions of phospho-Smad2, Snail, and fibronectin induced by HRG-β1, whereas E-cadherin was increased compared with control siRNA-transfected cells. Knockdown of ErbB3 and Smad2 also decreased SK-BR-3 and MCF7 cell invasion. Conclusions Our data suggest that HRG-β1 and ErbB3 induce EMT, cancer cell migration and invasion through the PI3k/Akt-phospho-Smad2-Snail signaling pathway in SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, #97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Antal CE, Newton AC. Spatiotemporal dynamics of phosphorylation in lipid second messenger signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3498-508. [PMID: 23788531 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r113.029819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane serves as a dynamic interface that relays information received at the cell surface into the cell. Lipid second messengers coordinate signaling on this platform by recruiting and activating kinases and phosphatases. Specifically, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate activate protein kinase C and Akt, respectively, which then phosphorylate target proteins to transduce downstream signaling. This review addresses how the spatiotemporal dynamics of protein kinase C and Akt signaling can be monitored using genetically encoded reporters and provides information on how the coordination of signaling at protein scaffolds or membrane microdomains affords fidelity and specificity in phosphorylation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina E Antal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0721
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Klarenbeek S, van Miltenburg MH, Jonkers J. Genetically engineered mouse models of PI3K signaling in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:146-64. [PMID: 23478237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. A substantial fraction of breast cancers have acquired mutations that lead to activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which plays a central role in cellular processes that are essential in cancer, such as cell survival, growth, division and motility. Oncogenic mutations in the PI3K pathway generally involve either activating mutation of the gene encoding PI3K (PIK3CA) or AKT (AKT1), or loss or reduced expression of PTEN. Several kinases involved in PI3K signaling are being explored as a therapeutic targets for pharmacological inhibition. Despite the availability of a range of inhibitors, acquired resistance may limit the efficacy of single-agent therapy. In this review we discuss the role of PI3K pathway mutations in human breast cancer and relevant genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), with special attention to the role of PI3K signaling in oncogenesis, in therapeutic response, and in resistance to therapy. Several sophisticated GEMMs have revealed the cause-and-effect relationships between PI3K pathway mutations and mammary oncogenesis. These GEMMs enable us to study the biology of tumors induced by activated PI3K signaling, as well as preclinical response and resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands and Cancer Systems Biology Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang R, Cong WH, Guo G, Li XX, Chen XL, Yu XN, Li H. Synergism between carnosic acid and arsenic trioxide on induction of acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis is associated with modulation of PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:934-41. [PMID: 23239002 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effects of carnosic acid (CA) with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) on proliferation and apoptosis in HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells, and the major cellular signaling pathway involved in these effects. METHODS HL-60 cellular proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were monitored by flow cytometry. The activation of casepase-9, Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD), p-BAD, p27, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), Akt, p-Akt was assessed by Western blot analysis. The expression of PTEN mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS CA reduced HL-60 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, CA upregulated PTEN expression, blocked the Akt signaling pathway, subsequently inhibited phosphorylation of BAD, reactivated caspase-9, and elevated levels of p27. CA also augmented these effects of As₂O₃. CONCLUSION CA might be a novel candidate of the combination therapy for leukemia treatment; these effects were apparently associated with the modulation of PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
González-Santamaría J, Campagna M, Ortega-Molina A, Marcos-Villar L, de la Cruz-Herrera CF, González D, Gallego P, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Esteban M, Rodríguez MS, Serrano M, Rivas C. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by SUMO. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e393. [PMID: 23013792 PMCID: PMC3461367 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The crucial function of the PTEN tumor suppressor in multiple cellular processes suggests that its activity must be tightly controlled. Both, membrane association and a variety of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and mono- and polyubiquitination, have been reported to regulate PTEN activity. Here, we demonstrated that PTEN is also post-translationally modified by the small ubiquitin-like proteins, small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) and SUMO2. We identified lysine residue 266 and the major monoubiquitination site 289, both located within the C2 domain required for PTEN membrane association, as SUMO acceptors in PTEN. We demonstrated the existence of a crosstalk between PTEN SUMOylation and ubiquitination, with PTEN-SUMO1 showing a reduced capacity to form covalent interactions with monoubiquitin and accumulation of PTEN-SUMO2 conjugates after inhibition of the proteasome. Moreover, we found that virus infection induces PTEN SUMOylation and favors PTEN localization at the cell membrane. Finally, we demonstrated that SUMOylation contributes to the control of virus infection by PTEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Santamaría
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Campagna
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ortega-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Marcos-Villar
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - C F de la Cruz-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D González
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gallego
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Lopitz-Otsoa
- Proteomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park. Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - M Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Rodríguez
- Proteomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park. Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology laboratory, Inbiomed, San Sebastian-Donostia, 20009 Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Serrano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rivas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oncogenic mutations mimic and enhance dynamic events in the natural activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PIK3CA). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15259-64. [PMID: 22949682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205508109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The p110α catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. We have examined the activation of the wild-type p110α/p85α and a spectrum of oncogenic mutants using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We find that for the wild-type enzyme, the natural transition from an inactive cytosolic conformation to an activated form on membranes entails four distinct events. Analysis of oncogenic mutations shows that all up-regulate the enzyme by enhancing one or more of these dynamic events. We provide the first insight into the activation mechanism by mutations in the linker between the adapter-binding domain (ABD) and the Ras-binding domain (RBD) (G106V and G118D). These mutations, which are common in endometrial cancers, enhance two of the natural activation events: movement of the ABD and ABD-RBD linker relative to the rest of the catalytic subunit and breaking the C2-iSH2 interface on binding membranes. C2 domain mutants (N345K and C420R) also mimic these events, even in the absence of membranes. A third event is breaking the nSH2-helical domain contact caused by phosphotyrosine-containing peptides binding to the enzyme, which is mimicked by a helical domain mutation (E545K). Interaction of the C lobe of the kinase domain with membranes is the fourth activation event, and is potentiated by kinase domain mutations (e.g., H1047R). All mutations increased lipid binding and basal activity, even mutants distant from the membrane surface. Our results elucidate a unifying mechanism in which diverse PIK3CA mutations stimulate lipid kinase activity by facilitating allosteric motions required for catalysis on membranes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Retroviruses are the original source of oncogenes. The discovery and characterization of these genes was made possible by the introduction of quantitative cell biological and molecular techniques for the study of tumour viruses. Key features of all retroviral oncogenes were first identified in src, the oncogene of Rous sarcoma virus. These include non-involvement in viral replication, coding for a single protein and cellular origin. The MYC, RAS and ERBB oncogenes quickly followed SRC, and these together with PI3K are now recognized as crucial driving forces in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Vogt
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|