1
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Al-Smadi S, Padros A, Goss GG, Dickson CT. The translational inhibitor and amnestic agent emetine also suppresses ongoing hippocampal neural activity similarly to other blockers of protein synthesis. Hippocampus 2024; 34:380-392. [PMID: 38785391 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The consolidation of memory is thought to ultimately depend on the synthesis of new proteins, since translational inhibitors such as anisomycin and cycloheximide adversely affect the permanence of long-term memory. However, when applied directly in brain, these agents also profoundly suppress neural activity to an extent that is directly correlated to the degree of protein synthesis inhibition caused. Given that neural activity itself is likely to help mediate consolidation, this finding is a serious criticism of the strict de novo protein hypothesis of memory. Here, we test the neurophysiological effects of another translational inhibitor, emetine. Unilateral intra-hippocampal infusion of emetine suppressed ongoing local field and multiunit activity at ipsilateral sites as compared to the contralateral hippocampus in a fashion that was positively correlated to the degree of protein synthesis inhibition as confirmed by autoradiography. This suppression of activity was also specific to the circumscribed brain region in which protein synthesis inhibition took place. These experiments provide further evidence that ongoing protein synthesis is necessary and fundamental for neural function and suggest that the disruption of memory observed in behavioral experiments using translational inhibitors may be due, in large part, to neural suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Smadi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - A Padros
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - G G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - C T Dickson
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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2
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Maples-Keller JL, Watkins L, Hellman N, Phillips NL, Rothbaum BO. Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Derived from Basic Research on Fear Extinction. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01458-6. [PMID: 39032727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This brief review article will describe treatment approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on findings from basic research. The focus of this review will be fear conditioning and extinction models, which provide a translational model of PTSD that can help translate basic research in non-human animals through well-controlled trials confirming the efficacy of treatment approaches in humans with PTSD such as prolonged exposure therapy. Specific cognitive aspects of fear extinction processes, including consolidation and reconsolidation, are reviewed along with behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies based on basic research in these areas including attempts to prevent the development of PTSD as well as the treatment of chronic PTSD. Pharmacological, behavioral, and device-based augmentation strategies of PTSD treatment based in basic science findings are reviewed, including those that disrupt noradrenergic receptor processes, medications that act on NMDA receptors, physical exercise, cannabinoids, estradiol, dexamethasone, yohimbine, losartan, dopamine, and MDMA, along with the evidence for their efficacy in human clinical samples. While fear extinction provides an exciting translational opportunity to improve PTSD based on basic science findings, we review limitations and challenges of the extant literature as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Watkins
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Natalie Hellman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
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3
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Giachero M, Belén Sacson A, Belén Vitullo M, Bekinschtein P, Weisstaub N. Targeting fear memories: Examining pharmacological disruption in a generalized fear framework. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 213:107960. [PMID: 39004160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Labilization-reconsolidation, which relies on retrieval, has been considered an opportunity to attenuate the negative aspects of traumatic memories. A therapeutic strategy based on reconsolidation blockade is deemed more effective than current therapies relying on memory extinction. Nevertheless, extremely stressful memories frequently prove resistant to this process. Here, after inducing robust fear memory in mice through strong fear conditioning, we examined the possibility of rendering it susceptible to pharmacological modulation based on the degree of generalized fear (GF). To achieve this, we established an ordered gradient of GF, determined by the perceptual similarity between the associated context (CA) and non-associated contexts (CB, CC, CD, and CE) to the aversive event. We observed that as the exposure context became less similar to CA, the defensive pattern shifted from passive to active behaviors in both male and female mice. Subsequently, in conditioned animals, we administered propranolol after exposure to the different contexts (CA, CB, CC, CD or CE). In males, propranolol treatment resulted in reduced freezing time and enhanced risk assessment behaviors when administered following exposure to CA or CB, but not after CC, CD, or CE, compared to the control group. In females, a similar change in behavioral pattern was observed with propranolol administered after exposure to CC, but not after the other contexts. These results highlight the possibility of indirectly manipulating a robust contextual fear memory by controlling the level of generalization during recall. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the effect of propranolol on reconsolidation would not lead to a reduction in fear memory per se, but rather to its reorganization resulting in greater behavioral flexibility (from passive to active behaviors). Finally, from a clinical viewpoint, this would be of considerable relevance since following this strategy could make the treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with traumatic memory formation more effective and less stressful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Giachero
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), CONICET, Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agostina Belén Sacson
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), CONICET, Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Vitullo
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), CONICET, Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), CONICET, Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Weisstaub
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), CONICET, Fundación INECO, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Ge Y, Ming L, Xu D. Sevoflurane-induced cognitive effect on α7-nicotine receptor and M 1 acetylcholine receptor expression in the hippocampus of aged rats. Neurol Res 2024; 46:593-604. [PMID: 38747300 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2338031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane treatment increases the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and patients with POCD show a decline in cognitive abilities compared to preoperative levels. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and the expression of M1 acetylcholine receptor (mAChR M1) in the hippocampus affects the cognitive function of aged rats. METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 1-week- and 12-months-old were divided into eight groups: four groups for α7nAChR and four groups for mAChR M1, respectively. All SD rats received 1.0-02% sevoflurane for α7nAChR and 1.0-02% sevoflurane for mAChR M1 for 2-6 h, respectively. The Y-maze test was used to assess the ability to learn and memory after receiving sevoflurane for 7 days at the same moment portion. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of α7nAChR and mAChR M1 in the hippocampus of rats. RESULTS The α7nAChR mitigated the formation of sevoflurane-induced memory impairment by modulating the translocation of NR2B from the intracellular reservoir to the cell surface reservoir within the hippocampus. Next, sevoflurane-induced decline of cognitive function and significantly decreased mAChR M1 expression at mRNA levels. CONCLUSION α7nAChR regulates the trafficking of NR2B in the hippocampus of rats via the Src-family tyrosine kinase (SFK) pathway. This regulation is associated with cognitive deficits induced by sevoflurane in hippocampal development. Sevoflurane affects the cognitive function of rats by suppressing the mAChR M1 expression at mRNA levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Ming
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dedong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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5
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Duggins P, Eliasmith C. A scalable spiking amygdala model that explains fear conditioning, extinction, renewal and generalization. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3093-3116. [PMID: 38616566 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The amygdala (AMY) is widely implicated in fear learning and fear behaviour, but it remains unclear how the many biological components present within AMY interact to achieve these abilities. Building on previous work, we hypothesize that individual AMY nuclei represent different quantities and that fear conditioning arises from error-driven learning on the synapses between AMY nuclei. We present a computational model of AMY that (a) recreates the divisions and connections between AMY nuclei and their constituent pyramidal and inhibitory neurons; (b) accommodates scalable high-dimensional representations of external stimuli; (c) learns to associate complex stimuli with the presence (or absence) of an aversive stimulus; (d) preserves feature information when mapping inputs to salience estimates, such that these estimates generalize to similar stimuli; and (e) induces a diverse profile of neural responses within each nucleus. Our model predicts (1) defensive responses and neural activities in several experimental conditions, (2) the consequence of artificially ablating particular nuclei and (3) the tendency to generalize defensive responses to novel stimuli. We test these predictions by comparing model outputs to neural and behavioural data from animals and humans. Despite the relative simplicity of our model, we find significant overlap between simulated and empirical data, which supports our claim that the model captures many of the neural mechanisms that support fear conditioning. We conclude by comparing our model to other computational models and by characterizing the theoretical relationship between pattern separation and fear generalization in healthy versus anxious individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Duggins
- Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Eliasmith
- Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Symeonidou N, Kuhlmann BG. Enhanced source memory for emotionally valenced sources: does an affective orienting task make the difference? Cogn Emot 2024; 38:508-529. [PMID: 38294694 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Previous research on whether source memory is enhanced for emotionally valenced sources yielded inconclusive results. To identify potential boundary conditions, we tested whether encoding instructions that promote affective versus different types of non-affective item-source-processing foster versus hamper source-valence effects. In both experiments, we used neutral words as items superimposed on emotional (positive & negative) or neutral pictures as sources. Source pictures were selected based on valence and arousal ratings collected in a pre-study such that only valence varied across sources. Source memory was measured via multinomial modelling. In Experiment 1, we applied an affective, item-focused orienting task (OT; i.e. word-pleasantness ratings) during item-source encoding and found enhanced source memory for emotionally valenced (positive & negative) compared to neutral sources. In Experiment 2, we systematically manipulated encoding instructions and again found enhanced source memory for emotionally valenced sources with an affective OT. No such effects occurred in the non-affective conditions, where participants were instructed to integrate item and source (item-source-fit judgments), to focus on the item (living-non-living judgments), or to encode the items only, respectively. With intentional item encoding, however, source memory was surprisingly better for positive than negative sources. We conclude that source-valence effects might unfold only under affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Symeonidou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beatrice G Kuhlmann
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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7
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Cavallino L, Florencia Scaia M, Gabriela Pozzi A, Eugenia Pedreira M. Recognizing the opponent: The consolidation of long-term social memory in zebrafish males. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 212:107939. [PMID: 38762038 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing and remembering another individual in a social context could be beneficial for individual fitness. Especially in agonistic encounters, remembering an opponent and the previous fight could allow for avoiding new conflicts. Considering this, we hypothesized that this type of social interaction forms a long-term recognition memory lasting several days. It has been shown that a second encounter 24 h later between the same pair of zebrafish males is resolved with lower levels of aggression. Here, we evaluated if this behavioral change could last for longer intervals and a putative mechanism associated with memory storage: the recruitment of NMDA receptors. We found that if a pair of zebrafish males fight and fight again 48 or 72 h later, they resolve the second encounter with lower levels of aggression. However, if opponents were exposed to MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) immediately after the first encounter, they solved the second one with the same levels of aggression: that is, no reduction in aggressive behaviors was observed. These amnesic effect suggest the formation of a long-term social memory related to recognizing a particular opponent and/or the outcome and features of a previous fight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cavallino
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y comportamiento en peces y anfibios, DBBE, IBBEA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina; Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Laboratorio26 (C1428EHA), Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Scaia
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y comportamiento en peces y anfibios, DBBE, IBBEA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina; Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Laboratorio26 (C1428EHA), Argentina
| | - Andrea Gabriela Pozzi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y comportamiento en peces y anfibios, DBBE, IBBEA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina; Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Laboratorio26 (C1428EHA), Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Pedreira
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Radvansky GA, Parra D, Doolen AC. Memory from nonsense syllables to novels: A survey of retention. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02514-3. [PMID: 38714636 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Memory has been the subject of scientific study for nearly 150 years. Because a broad range of studies have been done, we can now assess how effective memory is for a range of materials, from simple nonsense syllables to complex materials such as novels. Moreover, we can assess memory effectiveness for a variety of durations, anywhere from a few seconds up to decades later. Our aim here is to assess a range of factors that contribute to the patterns of retention and forgetting under various circumstances. This was done by taking a meta-analytic approach that assesses performance across a broad assortment of studies. Specifically, we assessed memory across 256 papers, involving 916 data sets (e.g., experiments and conditions). The results revealed that exponential-power, logarithmic, and linear functions best captured the widest range of data compared with power and hyperbolic-power functions. Given previous research on this topic, it was surprising that the power function was not the best-fitting function most often. Contrary to what would be expected, a substantial amount of data also revealed either stable memory over time or improvement. These findings can be used to improve our ability to model and predict the amount of information retained in memory. In addition, this analysis of a large set of memory data provides a foundation for expanding behavioral and neuroimaging research to better target areas of study that can inform the effectiveness of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Radvansky
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Dani Parra
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Abigail C Doolen
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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9
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Xie M, Han M, Liu Z, Li X, Guo C. Effects of congruent emotional contexts during encoding on recognition: An ERPs study. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14516. [PMID: 38214362 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Past research showed that emotional contexts can impair recognition memory for the target item. Given that item-context congruity may enhance recognition memory, the present study aims to examine the effect of the congruent emotional encoding contexts on recognition memory. Participants studied congruent word-picture pairs (e.g., the word "cow" - a picture describing a cow) and incongruent word-picture pairs (e.g., the word "cow" - a picture describing a goat) and, subsequently, were asked to report the nature of the picture (emotional or neutral). Behavioral results revealed that emotional contexts impaired source but not item recognition, with congruent word-context mitigating this impairment and enhancing item recognition. Neural results from ERPs and theta oscillations found the recollection process, as shown by the LPC old/new effect and theta oscillations, for both item and source recognition across emotional contexts, irrespective of congruity. Meanwhile, the familiarity process as indexed by the FN400 old/new effect was found only for item recognition in congruent emotional contexts. These findings suggest that the congruent relationship of item-context could mitigate the emotion-induced source memory impairment and enhance item memory, with neural results elucidating the memory processes involved in retrieval of emotional information. Specifically, while emotion-related information generally elicits the recollection-based memory process, only congruent emotional information elicits the familiarity-based process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zejun Liu
- Department of Psychology, Educational College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Li
- Psychological and Brain Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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10
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Agliari E, Alemanno F, Aquaro M, Barra A, Durante F, Kanter I. Hebbian dreaming for small datasets. Neural Netw 2024; 173:106174. [PMID: 38359641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The dreaming Hopfield model constitutes a generalization of the Hebbian paradigm for neural networks, that is able to perform on-line learning when "awake" and also to account for off-line "sleeping" mechanisms. The latter have been shown to enhance storing in such a way that, in the long sleep-time limit, this model can reach the maximal storage capacity achievable by networks equipped with symmetric pairwise interactions. In this paper, we inspect the minimal amount of information that must be supplied to such a network to guarantee a successful generalization, and we test it both on random synthetic and on standard structured datasets (i.e., MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and Olivetti). By comparing these minimal thresholds of information with those required by the standard (i.e., always "awake") Hopfield model, we prove that the present network can save up to ∼90% of the dataset size, yet preserving the same performance of the standard counterpart. This suggests that sleep may play a pivotal role in explaining the gap between the large volumes of data required to train artificial neural networks and the relatively small volumes needed by their biological counterparts. Further, we prove that the model Cost function (typically used in statistical mechanics) admits a representation in terms of a standard Loss function (typically used in machine learning) and this allows us to analyze its emergent computational skills both theoretically and computationally: a quantitative picture of its capabilities as a function of its control parameters is achieved and consistency between the two approaches is highlighted. The resulting network is an associative memory for pattern recognition tasks that learns from examples on-line, generalizes correctly (in suitable regions of its control parameters) and optimizes its storage capacity by off-line sleeping: such a reduction of the training cost can be inspiring toward sustainable AI and in situations where data are relatively sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Agliari
- Department of Mathematics of Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Alemanno
- Department of Mathematics and Physics of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriam Aquaro
- Department of Mathematics of Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Department of Mathematics and Physics of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Durante
- Department of Economic Sciences of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ido Kanter
- Department of Physics of Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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11
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Pastor V, Medina JH. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in memory processing. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2138-2154. [PMID: 36634032 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Information storage in the brain involves different memory types and stages that are processed by several brain regions. Cholinergic pathways through acetylcholine receptors actively participate on memory modulation, and their disfunction is associated with cognitive decline in several neurological disorders. During the last decade, the role of α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different memory stages has been studied. However, the information about their role in memory processing is still scarce. In this review, we attempt to identify brain areas where α7 nicotinic receptors have an essential role in different memory types and stages. In addition, we discuss recent work implicating-or not-α7 nicotinic receptors as promising pharmacological targets for memory impairment associated with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Pastor
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Li JC, Ma YX, Wu SH, Liu ZC, Ding PF, Dai D, Ding YT, Zhang YY, Huang Y, Lai PT, Wang YL. 1-Selector 1-Memristor Configuration with Multifunctional a-IGZO Memristive Devices Fabricated at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17766-17777. [PMID: 38534058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Serving as neuromorphic hardware accelerators, memristors play a crucial role in large-scale neuromorphic computing. Herein, two-terminal memristors utilizing amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) are fabricated through room-temperature sputtering. The electrical characteristics of these memristors are effectively modulated by varying the oxygen flow during the deposition process. The optimized a-IGZO memristor, fabricated under 3 sccm oxygen flow, presents a 5 × 103 ratio between its high- and low-resistance states, which can be maintained over 1 × 104 s with minimal degradation. Meanwhile, desirable properties such as electroforming-free and self-compliance, crucial for low-energy consumption, are also obtained in the a-IGZO memristor. Moreover, analog conductance switching is observed, demonstrating an interface-type behavior, as evidenced by its device-size-dependent performance. The coexistence of negative differential resistance with analog switching is attributed to the migration of oxygen vacancies and the trapping/detrapping of charges. Furthermore, the device demonstrates optical storage capabilities by exploiting the optical properties of a-IGZO, which can stably operate for up to 50 sweep cycles. Various synaptic functions have been demonstrated, including paired-pulse facilitation and spike-timing-dependent plasticity. These functionalities contribute to a simulated recognition accuracy of 90% for handwritten digits. Importantly, a one-selector one-memristor (1S1M) architecture is successfully constructed at room temperature by integrating a-IGZO memristor on a TaOx-based selector. This architecture exhibits a 107 on/off ratio, demonstrating its potential to suppress sneak currents among adjacent units in a memristor crossbar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng Li
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan Xiao Ma
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Hao Wu
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- R&D Center for Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zi Chun Liu
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Fei Ding
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - De Dai
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Tao Ding
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Yun Zhang
- R&D Center for Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peter To Lai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Liang Wang
- The School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, and Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Zhang T, Shao L, Jaafar A, Zeimpekis I, de Groot CH, Bartlett PN, Hector AL, Huang R. Tunable Neuromorphic Switching Dynamics via Porosity Control in Mesoporous Silica Diffusive Memristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16641-16652. [PMID: 38494599 PMCID: PMC10995907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In response to the growing need for efficient processing of temporal information, neuromorphic computing systems are placing increased emphasis on the switching dynamics of memristors. While the switching dynamics can be regulated by the properties of input signals, the ability of controlling it via electrolyte properties of a memristor is essential to further enrich the switching states and improve data processing capability. This study presents the synthesis of mesoporous silica (mSiO2) films using a sol-gel process, which enables the creation of films with controllable porosities. These films can serve as electrolyte layers in the diffusive memristors and lead to tunable neuromorphic switching dynamics. The mSiO2 memristors demonstrate short-term plasticity, which is essential for temporal signal processing. As porosity increases, discernible changes in operating currents, facilitation ratios, and relaxation times are observed. The underlying mechanism of such systematic control was investigated and attributed to the modulation of hydrogen-bonded networks within the porous structure of the silica layer, which significantly influences both anodic oxidation and ion migration processes during switching events. The result of this work presents mesoporous silica as a unique platform for precise control of neuromorphic switching dynamics in diffusive memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Zhang
- School
of Electronics and Computer Science, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Li Shao
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ayoub Jaafar
- School
of Electronics and Computer Science, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Zeimpekis
- School
of Electronics and Computer Science, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Cornelis H. de Groot
- School
of Electronics and Computer Science, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Hector
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruomeng Huang
- School
of Electronics and Computer Science, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
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14
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Lin CL, Lane HY, Sun CK, Chen MH, Lee CY, Li L, Lee JJ, Yeh PY. Effects of chronic daily headache with subclinical depression on brain volume: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 38563383 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The relationship between chronic daily headache (CDH), depression symptoms, and brain volume remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the effects of CDH on brain volume and the impact of depressive symptoms (DSs) as well as the effects of demography and medication overuse, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using appropriate keyword strings to retrieve observational studies from inception to May 2023. RESULTS Two distinct comparisons were made in CDH patients: (1) those with DSs versus their pain-free counterparts and (2) those without DSs versus pain-free controls. The first comprised nine studies enrolling 225 CDH patients with DSs and 234 controls. Beck depression inventory, Hamilton depression scale, and Hospital anxiety/depression scale were used to assess DSs, revealing significantly more DSs in CDH patients with DSs compared to their controls (all p < 0.05). Besides, the second analysed four studies involving 117 CDH patients without DSs and 155 comparators. Compared to CDH patients without DSs, those with DSs had a smaller brain volume than controls (p = 0.03). Furthermore, CDH patients with DSs who did not overuse medications showed a smaller right cerebral cortical volume than overusers (p = 0.003). A significant inverse correlation between female prevalence and brain volume (p = 0.02) was revealed using regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Pain-induced persistent depressive symptoms not only incur structural alterations but also encompass affective-motivational changes, involving medication use and gender-specific health concerns. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlighted the importance of an integrated CDH treatment, emphasizing psychological interventions for the affective-motivational component alongside pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jie Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yang Yeh
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Jino K, Miyamoto K, Kanbara T, Unemura C, Horiguchi N, Ago Y. Allosteric inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D induces biphasic memory-enhancing effects associated with learning-activated signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:805-816. [PMID: 38114603 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase 4D negative allosteric modulators (PDE4D NAMs) enhance memory and cognitive function in animal models without emetic-like side effects. However, the relationship between increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and the effects of PDE4D NAM remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of hippocampal cAMP metabolism and synaptic activation in the effects of D159687, a PDE4D NAM, under baseline and learning-stimulated conditions. RESULTS At 3 mg/kg, D159687 enhanced memory formation and consolidation in contextual fear conditioning; however, neither lower (0.3 mg/kg) nor higher (30 mg/kg) doses induced memory-enhancing effects. A biphasic (bell-shaped) dose-response effect was also observed in a scopolamine-induced model of amnesia in the Y-maze, whereas D159687 dose-dependently caused an emetic-like effect in the xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test. At 3 mg/kg, D159687 increased cAMP levels in the hippocampal CA1 region after conditioning in the fear conditioning test, but not in the home-cage or conditioning cage (i.e., context only). By contrast, 30 mg/kg of D159687 increased hippocampal cAMP levels under all conditions. Although both 3 and 30 mg/kg of D159687 upregulated learning-induced Fos expression in the hippocampal CA1 30 min after conditioning, 3 mg/kg, but not 30 mg/kg, of D159687 induced phosphorylation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins such as cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that learning-stimulated conditions can alter the effects of a PDE4D NAM on hippocampal cAMP levels and imply that a PDE4D NAM exerts biphasic memory-enhancing effects associated with synaptic plasticity-related signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Jino
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kanbara
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Chie Unemura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Naotaka Horiguchi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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16
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Becker N, Kühn S, Olsson A. How emotional contexts modulate item memory in individuals with high and low negative affect and worry. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053891. [PMID: 38740426 PMCID: PMC11098457 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053891.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Emotional stimuli are usually remembered with high confidence. Yet, it remains unknown whether-in addition to memory for the emotional stimulus itself-memory for a neutral stimulus encountered just after an emotional one can be enhanced. Further, little is known about the interplay between emotion elicited by a stimulus and emotion relating to affective dispositions. To address these questions, we examined (1) how emotional valence and arousal of a context image preceding a neutral item image affect memory of the item, and (2) how such memory modulation is affected by two hallmark features of emotional disorders: trait negative affect and tendency to worry. In two experiments, participants encoded a series of trials in which an emotional (negative, neutral, or positive) context image was followed by a neutral item image. In experiment 1 (n = 42), items presented seconds after negative context images were remembered better and with greater confidence compared to those presented after neutral and positive ones. Arousal ratings of negative context images were higher compared to neutral and positive ones and the likelihood of correctly recognizing an item image was related to higher arousal of the context image. In experiment 2 (n = 59), better item memory was related to lower trait negative affect. Participants with lower trait negative affect or tendency to worry displayed higher confidence compared to those with high negative affect or tendency to worry. Our findings describe an emotional "carry-over" effect elicited by a context image that enhances subsequent item memory on a trial-by-trial basis, however, not in individuals with high trait negative affect who seem to have a general memory disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Becker
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Xin C, Zhang L. Emotion and prospective memory: effects of emotional targets and contexts. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:987-1006. [PMID: 38147076 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Event-based prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform a delayed and intended action when an event is encountered in the future. Whether emotional targets promote PM performance is still controversial. The reason for these inconsistent findings may be related to the degree of target arousal and context valence (the valence of ongoing task trials) in the previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of target valence, arousal, and context valence on event-based PM through two experiments. The results showed that the participants were faster and more accurate in responding to positive, negative, and high-arousal PM targets. Interestingly, an interaction effect of target valence, arousal, and context valence was observed, implying that their individual effects on PM performance cannot be understood in isolation. These findings demonstrate that positive, negative, and high-arousal PM targets can enhance PM performance. In addition, the results provided support for both the emotion enhancement account and the emotion-saliency account, depending upon whether the valence of the PM target matched or did not match the valence of the context. Moreover, context valence can modulate the effect of arousal on PM across different target valences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xin
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122 Ninghai Road Gulou District, Nanjing, 210097, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Normal University Affiliated Experimental School, Xuzhou, China
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18
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Berry JA, Guhle DC, Davis RL. Active forgetting and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9. [PMID: 38532011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent and pioneering animal research has revealed the brain utilizes a variety of molecular, cellular, and network-level mechanisms used to forget memories in a process referred to as "active forgetting". Active forgetting increases behavioral flexibility and removes irrelevant information. Individuals with impaired active forgetting mechanisms can experience intrusive memories, distressing thoughts, and unwanted impulses that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases. The current evidence indicates that active forgetting mechanisms degrade, or mask, molecular and cellular memory traces created in synaptic connections of "engram cells" that are specific for a given memory. Combined molecular genetic/behavioral studies using Drosophila have uncovered a complex system of cellular active-forgetting pathways within engram cells that is regulated by dopamine neurons and involves dopamine-nitric oxide co-transmission and reception, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ signaling, and cytoskeletal remodeling machinery regulated by small GTPases. Some of these molecular cellular mechanisms have already been found to be conserved in mammals. Interestingly, some pathways independently regulate forgetting of distinct memory types and temporal phases, suggesting a multi-layering organization of forgetting systems. In mammals, active forgetting also involves modulation of memory trace synaptic strength by altering AMPA receptor trafficking. Furthermore, active-forgetting employs network level mechanisms wherein non-engram neurons, newly born-engram neurons, and glial cells regulate engram synapses in a state and experience dependent manner. Remarkably, there is evidence for potential coordination between the network and cellular level forgetting mechanisms. Finally, subjects with several neuropsychiatric diseases have been tested and shown to be impaired in active forgetting. Insights obtained from research on active forgetting in animal models will continue to enrich our understanding of the brain dysfunctions that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Dana C Guhle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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19
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Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR. Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory. Nature 2024; 627:374-381. [PMID: 38326616 PMCID: PMC10937396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral amygdala is a centre of salience networks that underlie emotional experiences and thus has a key role in long-term fear memory formation1. Here we used spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate the cellular and molecular architecture of the role of the basolateral amygdala in long-term memory. We identified transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks. These transcriptional signatures implicate neuropeptide and BDNF signalling, MAPK and CREB activation, ubiquitination pathways, and synaptic connectivity as key components of long-term memory. Notably, upon long-term memory formation, a neuronal subpopulation defined by increased Penk and decreased Tac expression constituted the most prominent component of the memory engram of the basolateral amygdala. These transcriptional changes were observed both with single-cell RNA sequencing and with single-molecule spatial transcriptomics in intact slices, thereby providing a rich spatial map of a memory engram. The spatial data enabled us to determine that this neuronal subpopulation interacts with adjacent astrocytes, and functional experiments show that neurons require interactions with astrocytes to encode long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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20
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Wang J, Ilyas N, Ren Y, Ji Y, Li S, Li C, Liu F, Gu D, Ang KW. Technology and Integration Roadmap for Optoelectronic Memristor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307393. [PMID: 37739413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic memristors (OMs) have emerged as a promising optoelectronic Neuromorphic computing paradigm, opening up new opportunities for neurosynaptic devices and optoelectronic systems. These OMs possess a range of desirable features including minimal crosstalk, high bandwidth, low power consumption, zero latency, and the ability to replicate crucial neurological functions such as vision and optical memory. By incorporating large-scale parallel synaptic structures, OMs are anticipated to greatly enhance high-performance and low-power in-memory computing, effectively overcoming the limitations of the von Neumann bottleneck. However, progress in this field necessitates a comprehensive understanding of suitable structures and techniques for integrating low-dimensional materials into optoelectronic integrated circuit platforms. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the fundamental performance, mechanisms, design of structures, applications, and integration roadmap of optoelectronic synaptic memristors. By establishing connections between materials, multilayer optoelectronic memristor units, and monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits, this review seeks to provide insights into emerging technologies and future prospects that are expected to drive innovation and widespread adoption in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Nasir Ilyas
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Changcun Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Fucai Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Deen Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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21
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Asselbergs J, Riper H, Engelhard IM, Mannes F, Sijbrandij M. The effectiveness of two novel approaches to prevent intrusions: A pilot study comparing Tetris_dualtask and imagery rescripting to control. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 82:101920. [PMID: 37988886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a global health problem. Although effective treatments for it exist, early interventions that prevent PTSD from developing are lacking. The aim of this pilot analogue trauma study was to compare the effects of two potential early intervention strategies, namely Tetris_dualtask and imagery rescripting (IR) to a no-intervention control group on intrusion frequency and the vividness and emotionality of aversive film memory. METHODS Sixty healthy students were subjected to the trauma film paradigm and randomly allocated to either: Tetris_dualtask, IR or no-intervention. Main outcomes were the number of film-related intrusions at one week and vividness and emotionality ratings of the most aversive film memory. Secondary outcomes were PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit film memory. RESULTS The Tetris_dualtask group reported significant fewer intrusions compared to the no-intervention group; whereas the IR group did not. No effect was found on vividness and emotionality ratings, PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit memory. LIMITATIONS The sample size was small, and analogue trauma in healthy individuals was examined, thus generalizability may be limited. Also, to increase comparability between interventions, the duration of Tetris_dualtask and IR was standardized. As a result, the IR intervention was shorter compared to other studies, which might have decreased its efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest that playing Tetris during retrieval of traumatic images, might hold potential as an early intervention strategy to reduce intrusions in the early aftermath of trauma and adversity. However, future large-scale replication research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Asselbergs
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ inGeest, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Fancy Mannes
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Naffaa MM. Significance of the anterior cingulate cortex in neurogenesis plasticity: Connections, functions, and disorders across postnatal and adult stages. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300160. [PMID: 38135889 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a complex and continually evolving brain region that remains a primary focus of research due to its multifaceted functions. Various studies and analyses have significantly advanced our understanding of how the ACC participates in a wide spectrum of memory and cognitive processes. However, despite its strong connections to brain areas associated with hippocampal and olfactory neurogenesis, the functions of the ACC in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in these regions are still insufficiently explored. Investigating the intricate involvement of the ACC in neurogenesis could enhance our comprehension of essential aspects of brain plasticity. This involvement stems from its complex circuitry with other relevant brain regions, thereby exerting both direct and indirect impacts on the neurogenesis process. This review sheds light on the promising significance of the ACC in orchestrating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in conditions related to memory, cognitive behavior, and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah M Naffaa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Hori H, Fukushima H, Nagayoshi T, Ishikawa R, Zhuo M, Yoshida F, Kunugi H, Okamoto K, Kim Y, Kida S. Fear memory regulation by the cAMP signaling pathway as an index of reexperiencing symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02453-4. [PMID: 38409596 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder associated with traumatic memory, yet its etiology remains unclear. Reexperiencing symptoms are specific to PTSD compared to other anxiety-related disorders. Importantly, reexperiencing can be mimicked by retrieval-related events of fear memory in animal models of traumatic memory. Recent studies revealed candidate PTSD-associated genes that were related to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate the tight linkage between facilitated cAMP signaling and PTSD by analyzing loss- and gain-of-cAMP signaling effects on fear memory in mice and the transcriptomes of fear memory-activated mice and female PTSD patients with reexperiencing symptoms. Pharmacological and optogenetic upregulation or downregulation of cAMP signaling transduction enhanced or impaired, respectively, the retrieval and subsequent maintenance of fear memory in mice. In line with these observations, integrative mouse and human transcriptome analysis revealed the reduced mRNA expression of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), an enzyme that degrades cAMP, in the peripheral blood of PTSD patients showing more severe reexperiencing symptoms and the mouse hippocampus after fear memory retrieval. Importantly, more severe reexperiencing symptoms and lower PDE4B mRNA levels were correlated with decreased DNA methylation of a locus within PDE4B, suggesting the involvement of methylation in the mechanism of PTSD. These findings raise the possibility that the facilitation of cAMP signaling mediating the downregulation of PDE4B expression enhances traumatic memory, thereby playing a key role in the reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD patients as a functional index of these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Hotaka Fukushima
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Taikai Nagayoshi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rie Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okamoto
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Lenormand D, Fauvel B, Piolino P. The formation of episodic autobiographical memory is predicted by mental imagery, self-reference, and anticipated details. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1355343. [PMID: 38476385 PMCID: PMC10930760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the ecological nature of episodic memory (EM) and the importance of consolidation in its functioning, studies tackling both subjects are still scarce. Therefore, the present study aims at establishing predictions of the future of newly encoded information in EM in an ecological paradigm. Methods Participants recorded two personal events per day with a SenseCam portable camera, for 10 days, and characterized the events with different subjective scales (emotional valence and intensity, self-concept and self-relevance, perspective and anticipated details at a month, mental images…). They then performed a surprise free recall at 5 days and 1 month after encoding. Machine learning algorithms were used to predict the future of events (episodic or forgotten) in memory at 1 month. Results The best algorithm showed an accuracy of 78%, suggesting that such a prediction is reliably possible. Variables that best differentiated between episodic and forgotten memories at 1 month were mental imagery, self-reference, and prospection (anticipated details) at encoding and the first free recall. Discussion These results may establish the basis for the development of episodic autobiographical memory during daily experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lenormand
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (LMC2 UR 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascale Piolino
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau & Cognition (LMC2 UR 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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25
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Garduño BM, Hanni P, Hays C, Cogram P, Insel N, Xu X. How the forebrain transitions to adulthood: developmental plasticity markers in a long-lived rodent reveal region diversity and the uniqueness of adolescence. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1365737. [PMID: 38456144 PMCID: PMC10917993 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1365737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation of the forebrain involves transitions from higher to lower levels of synaptic plasticity. The timecourse of these changes likely differs between regions, with the stabilization of some networks scaffolding the development of others. To gain better insight into neuroplasticity changes associated with maturation to adulthood, we examined the distribution of two molecular markers for developmental plasticity. We conducted the examination on male and female degus (Octodon degus), a rodent species with a relatively long developmental timecourse that offers a promising model for studying both development and age-related neuropathology. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure perineuronal nets (PNNs), an extracellular matrix structure that emerges during the closure of critical plasticity periods, as well as microglia, resident immune cells that play a crucial role in synapse remodeling during development. PNNs (putatively restricting plasticity) were found to be higher in non-juvenile (>3 month) degus, while levels of microglia (putatively mediating plasticity) decreased across ages more gradually, and with varying timecourses between regions. Degus also showed notable variation in PNN levels between cortical layers and hippocampal subdivisions that have not been previously reported in other species. These results offer a glimpse into neuroplasticity changes occurring during degu maturation and highlight adolescence as a unique phase of neuroplasticity, in which PNNs have been established but microglia remain relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Maximiliano Garduño
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Hanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Chelsea Hays
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Insel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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26
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Mäkinen EE, Lensu S, Wikgren J, Pekkala S, Koch LG, Britton SL, Nokia MS. Intrinsic running capacity associates with hippocampal electrophysiology and long-term potentiation in rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137665. [PMID: 38301912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Good aerobic and metabolic fitness associates with better cognitive performance and brain health. Conversely, poor metabolic health predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous findings indicate that rats selectively bred for Low Capacity for Running (LCR) show less synaptic plasticity and more inflammation in the hippocampus and perform worse in tasks requiring flexible cognition than rats bred for High Capacity for Running (HCR). Here we aimed to determine whether hippocampal electrophysiological activity related to learning and memory would be impaired in LCR compared to HCR rats. We also studied whether an exercise intervention could even out the possible differences. We conducted in vivo recordings from the dorsal hippocampus under terminal urethane anesthesia in middle-aged sedentary males and female rats, and in females allowed to access running wheels for 6 weeks. Our results indicate stronger long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA3-CA1 synapse in HCR than LCR rats, and in female than male rats. Compared to LCR rats, HCR rats had more dentate spikes and more gamma epochs, the occurrence of which also correlated positively with the magnitude of LTP. Voluntary running reduced the differences between female LCR and HCR rats. In conclusion, low innate fitness links to reduced hippocampal function and plasticity which can seems to improve with voluntary aerobic exercise even in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina E Mäkinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Su L, Li X, Yang C, Liu Y, Xu L. Operation-robust SiO 2-based memristive application in air. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:993-996. [PMID: 38359244 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, neuromorphic computing is recognized as a promising path to further improve the efficiency of integrated computing system in the post-Moore era, relying on its high parallelism. As a key fundamental element in hardware-implementing neuromorphic system, the synaptic device has made substantial research progress. Among these, SiO2 trapping-based memristive devices generally have systematically integrated merits, such as ease of fabrication and high CMOS process compatibility, but electrochemical activity to oxygen makes them unreliable for operating in air. Here, by using ultrathin Si3N4 as a physical isolation layer, we have obtained a robust memristive device based on SiO2 trapping although operating in air. Further study of Si3N4 thickness dependence has demonstrated that 7 nm is suggested as the most favorable thickness for reliable and flexible programming, and that an inherent isolating mechanism is 'switching-on' for an electron but 'switching-off' for large-sized oxygen molecules. Based on a device with 7 nm Si3N4, we have mimicked various modes of synaptic plasticities. These results could thus not only increase the prospects of using SiO2 trapping in memristive applications but also provide an effective path to improve the robustness of these SiO2-based applications against ambient air.
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28
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Ritger AC, Parker RK, Trask S, Ferrara NC. Elevated fear states facilitate ventral hippocampal engagement of basolateral amygdala neuronal activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1347525. [PMID: 38420349 PMCID: PMC10899678 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1347525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fear memory formation and retention rely on the activation of distributed neural circuits. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (VH) in particular are two regions that support contextual fear memory processes and share reciprocal connections. The VH → BLA pathway is critical for increases in fear after initial learning, in both fear renewal following extinction learning and during fear generalization. This raises the possibility that functional changes in VH projections to the BLA support increases in learned fear. In line with this, fear can also be increased with alterations to the original content of the memory via reconsolidation, as in fear elevation procedures. However, very little is known about the functional changes in the VH → BLA pathway supporting reconsolidation-related increases in fear. In this study, we used in vivo extracellular electrophysiology to examine the functional neuronal changes within the BLA and in the VH → BLA pathway as a result of fear elevation and standard fear retrieval procedures. Elevated fear expression was accompanied by higher BLA spontaneous firing compared to a standard fear retrieval condition. Across a range of stimulation frequencies, we also found that VH stimulation evoked higher BLA firing following fear elevation compared to standard retrieval. These results suggest that fear elevation is associated with an increased capacity of the VH to drive neuronal activity in the BLA, highlighting a potential circuit involved in strengthening existing fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Ritger
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel K. Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole C. Ferrara
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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29
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Grella SL, Donaldson TN. Contextual memory engrams, and the neuromodulatory influence of the locus coeruleus. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1342622. [PMID: 38375501 PMCID: PMC10875109 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1342622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the basis of contextual memory at a conceptual and cellular level. We begin with an overview of the philosophical foundations of traversing space, followed by theories covering the material bases of contextual representations in the hippocampus (engrams), exploring functional characteristics of the cells and subfields within. Next, we explore various methodological approaches for investigating contextual memory engrams, emphasizing plasticity mechanisms. This leads us to discuss the role of neuromodulatory inputs in governing these dynamic changes. We then outline a recent hypothesis involving noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) to different subregions of the hippocampus, in sculpting contextual representations, giving a brief description of the neuroanatomical and physiological properties of the LC. Finally, we examine how activity in the LC influences contextual memory processes through synaptic plasticity mechanisms to alter hippocampal engrams. Overall, we find that phasic activation of the LC plays an important role in promoting new learning and altering mnemonic processes at the behavioral and cellular level through the neuromodulatory influence of NE/DA in the hippocampus. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms of hippocampal remapping and memory updating, memory processes that are potentially dysregulated in certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Grella
- MNEME Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tia N. Donaldson
- Systems Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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30
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Niu X, Utayde MF, Sanders KEG, Denis D, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Age-related positivity effect in emotional memory consolidation from middle age to late adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1342589. [PMID: 38328467 PMCID: PMC10847278 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1342589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While younger adults are more likely to attend to, process, and remember negative relative to positive information, healthy older adults show the opposite pattern. The current study evaluates when, exactly, this positivity shift begins, and how it influences memory performance for positive, negative, and neutral information. Methods A total of 274 healthy early middle-aged (35-47), late middle-aged (48-59), and older adults (>59) viewed scenes consisting of a negative, positive, or a neutral object placed on a plausible neutral background, and rated each scene for its valence and arousal. After 12 h spanning a night of sleep (n = 137) or a day of wakefulness (n = 137), participants completed an unexpected memory test during which they were shown objects and backgrounds separately and indicated whether the scene component was the "same," "similar," or "new" to what they viewed during the study session. Results and conclusions We found that both late middle-aged and older adults rated positive and neutral scenes more positively compared to early middle-aged adults. However, only older adults showed better memory for positive objects relative to negative objects, and a greater positive memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering positive objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds) than negative memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering negative objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds). Our findings suggest that while the positivity bias may not emerge in memory until older adulthood, a shift toward positivity in terms of processing may begin in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Mia F. Utayde
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Kristin E. G. Sanders
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Kensinger
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica D. Payne
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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31
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Kim S, Ju D, Kim S. Implementation of Artificial Synapse Using IGZO-Based Resistive Switching Device. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:481. [PMID: 38276419 PMCID: PMC10817334 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present the resistive switching characteristics and the emulation of a biological synapse using the ITO/IGZO/TaN device. The device demonstrates efficient energy consumption, featuring low current resistive switching with minimal set and reset voltages. Furthermore, we establish that the device exhibits typical bipolar resistive switching with the coexistence of non-volatile and volatile memory properties by controlling the compliance during resistive switching phenomena. Utilizing the IGZO-based RRAM device with an appropriate pulse scheme, we emulate a biological synapse based on its electrical properties. Our assessments include potentiation and depression, a pattern recognition system based on neural networks, paired-pulse facilitation, excitatory post-synaptic current, and spike-amplitude dependent plasticity. These assessments confirm the device's effective emulation of a biological synapse, incorporating both volatile and non-volatile functions. Furthermore, through spike-rate dependent plasticity and spike-timing dependent plasticity of the Hebbian learning rules, high-order synapse imitation was done.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sungjun Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea (D.J.)
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32
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Singh K, Barsoum S, Schilling KG, An Y, Ferrucci L, Benjamini D. Neuronal microstructural changes in the human brain are associated with neurocognitive aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575206. [PMID: 38260525 PMCID: PMC10802615 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Gray matter (GM) alterations play a role in aging-related disorders like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, yet MRI studies mainly focus on macroscopic changes. Although reliable indicators of atrophy, morphological metrics like cortical thickness lack the sensitivity to detect early changes preceding visible atrophy. Our study aimed at exploring the potential of diffusion MRI in unveiling sensitive markers of cortical and subcortical age-related microstructural changes and assessing their associations with cognitive and behavioral deficits. We leveraged the Human Connectome Project-Aging cohort that included 707 unimpaired participants (394 female; median age = 58, range = 36-90 years) and applied the powerful mean apparent diffusion propagator model to measure microstructural parameters, along with comprehensive behavioral and cognitive test scores. Both macro- and microstructural GM characteristics were strongly associated with age, with widespread significant microstructural correlations reflective of cellular morphological changes, reduced cellular density, increased extracellular volume, and increased membrane permeability. Importantly, when correlating MRI and cognitive test scores, our findings revealed no link between macrostructural volumetric changes and neurobehavioral performance. However, we found that cellular and extracellular alterations in cortical and subcortical GM regions were associated with neurobehavioral performance. Based on these findings, it is hypothesized that increased microstructural heterogeneity and decreased neurite orientation dispersion precede macrostructural changes, and that they play an important role in subsequent cognitive decline. These alterations are suggested to be early markers of neurocognitive performance that may distinctly aid in identifying the mechanisms underlying phenotypic aging and subsequent age-related functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Barsoum
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kurt G Schilling
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Benjamini
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tomlin KB, Johnson BP, Westlake KP. Age-Related Differences in Motor Skill Transfer with Brief Memory Reactivation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 38248280 PMCID: PMC10813682 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor memories can be strengthened through online practice and offline consolidation. Offline consolidation involves the stabilization of memory traces in post-practice periods. Following initial consolidation of a motor memory, subsequent practice of the motor skill can lead to reactivation and reconsolidation of the memory trace. The length of motor memory reactivation may influence motor learning outcomes; for example, brief, as opposed to long, practice of a previously learned motor skill appears to optimize intermanual transfer in healthy young adults. However, the influence of aging on reactivation-based motor learning has been scarcely explored. Here, the effects of brief and long motor memory reactivation schedules on the retention and intermanual transfer of a visuomotor tracing task are explored in healthy older adults. Forty older adults practiced a virtual star-tracing task either three ("brief reactivation") or ten ("long reactivation") times per session over a two-week period. Comparison with a previously reported group of younger adults revealed significant age-related differences in the effect of the motor memory reactivation schedule on the intermanual transfer of the motor task. In older adults, unlike younger adults, no significant between-group differences were found by practice condition in the speed, accuracy, or skill of intermanual task transfer. That is, motor task transfer in healthy younger, but not older, adults appears to benefit from brief memory reactivation. These results support the use of age-specific motor training approaches and may inform motor practice scheduling, with possible implications for physical rehabilitation, sport, and music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. Tomlin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelly P. Westlake
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Li Y, Breithaupt F, Hills T, Lin Z, Chen Y, Siew CSW, Hertwig R. How cognitive selection affects language change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2220898120. [PMID: 38150495 PMCID: PMC10769849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220898120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Like biological species, words in language must compete to survive. Previously, it has been shown that language changes in response to cognitive constraints and over time becomes more learnable. Here, we use two complementary research paradigms to demonstrate how the survival of existing word forms can be predicted by psycholinguistic properties that impact language production. In the first study, we analyzed the survival of words in the context of interpersonal communication. We analyzed data from a large-scale serial-reproduction experiment in which stories were passed down along a transmission chain over multiple participants. The results show that words that are acquired earlier in life, more concrete, more arousing, and more emotional are more likely to survive retellings. We reason that the same trend might scale up to language evolution over multiple generations of natural language users. If that is the case, the same set of psycholinguistic properties should also account for the change of word frequency in natural language corpora over historical time. That is what we found in two large historical-language corpora (Study 2): Early acquisition, concreteness, and high arousal all predict increasing word frequency over the past 200 y. However, the two studies diverge with respect to the impact of word valence and word length, which we take up in the discussion. By bridging micro-level behavioral preferences and macro-level language patterns, our investigation sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying word competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Fritz Breithaupt
- Department of Germanic Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN001809
- Program of Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN001809
| | - Thomas Hills
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyong Lin
- Center for Life Span Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Cynthia S. W. Siew
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin14195, Germany
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Kokkinos V, Seimenis I. Concordance of verbal memory and language fMRI lateralization in people with epilepsy. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:95-107. [PMID: 37968766 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This work investigates verbal memory functional MRI (fMRI) versus language fMRI in terms of lateralization, and assesses the validity of performing word recognition during the functional scan. METHODS Thirty patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy underwent verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and language fMRI. We used word encoding, word recognition, image encoding, and image recognition memory tasks, and semantic description, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension language tasks. We used three common lateralization metrics: network spatial distribution, maximum statistical value, and laterality index (LI). RESULTS Lateralization of signal spatial distribution resulted in poor similarity between verbal memory and language fMRI tasks. Signal maximum lateralization showed significant (>.8) but not perfect (1) similarity. Word encoding LI showed significant correlation only with listening comprehension LI (p = .016). Word recognition LI was significantly correlated with expressive language semantic description LI (p = .024) and receptive language reading and listening comprehension LIs (p = .015 and p = .019, respectively). There was no correlation between LIs of the visuospatial tasks and LIs of the language tasks. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the association between language and verbal memory lateralization, optimally determined by LI quantification, and the introduction of quantitative means for language fMRI interpretation in clinical settings where verbal memory lateralization is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kokkinos
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Ioannis Seimenis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Briggs JF, McMullen KM. Retrograde amnesia for the stress-induced impairment of extinction: time-dependent and not so forgotten. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053895. [PMID: 38286522 PMCID: PMC10903941 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053895.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether retrograde amnesia for the stress-induced impairment of extinction retrieval shares similar characteristics with original acquisition memories. The first experiment demonstrated that cycloheximide administered shortly after a single restraint stress session alleviated the impairment of extinction retrieval but not when administered following a longer delay (i.e., the amnesia for stress is time-dependent). A second experiment showed that the retrograde amnesia for stress could be alleviated by a second brief exposure to the stressor. These results demonstrating that amnesia for stress shares characteristics similar to original memories are explained using a retrieval-based memory integration model of retrograde amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Briggs
- Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania 17870, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M McMullen
- Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania 17870, USA
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Vasudevan K, Hassell JE, Maren S. Hippocampal Engrams and Contextual Memory. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:45-66. [PMID: 39008010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Memories are not formed in a vacuum and often include rich details about the time and place in which events occur. Contextual stimuli promote the retrieval of events that have previously occurred in the encoding context and limit the retrieval of context-inappropriate information. Contexts that are associated with traumatic or harmful events both directly elicit fear and serve as reminders of aversive events associated with trauma. It has long been appreciated that the hippocampus is involved in contextual learning and memory and is central to contextual fear conditioning. However, little is known about the underlying neuronal mechanisms underlying the encoding and retrieval of contextual fear memories. Recent advancements in neuronal labeling methods, including activity-dependent tagging of cellular ensembles encoding memory ("engrams"), provide unique insight into the neural substrates of memory in the hippocampus. Moreover, these methods allow for the selective manipulation of memory ensembles. Attenuating or erasing fear memories may have considerable therapeutic value for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder or other trauma- or stressor-related conditions. In this chapter, we review the role of the hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning in rodents and explore recent work implicating hippocampal ensembles in the encoding and retrieval of aversive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Vasudevan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Almaguer-Melian W, Mercerón-Martinez D, Alberti-Amador E, Alacán-Ricardo L, de Bardet JC, Orama-Rojo N, Vergara-Piña AE, Herrera-Estrada I, Bergado JA. Learning induces EPO/EPOr expression in memory relevant brain areas, whereas exogenously applied EPO promotes remote memory consolidation. Synapse 2024; 78:e22282. [PMID: 37794768 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory and learning allow animals to appropriate certain properties of nature with which they can navigate in it successfully. Memory is acquired slowly and consists of two major phases, a fragile early phase (short-term memory, <4 h) and a more robust and long-lasting late one (long-term memory, >4 h). Erythropoietin (EPO) prolongs memory from 24 to 72 h when animals are trained for 5 min in a place recognition task but not when training lasted 3 min (short-term memory). It is not known whether it promotes the formation of remote memory (≥21 days). We address whether the systemic administration of EPO can convert a short-term memory into a long-term remote memory, and the neural plasticity mechanisms involved. We evaluated the effect of training duration (3 or 5 min) on the expression of endogenous EPO and its receptor to shed light on the role of EPO in coordinating mechanisms of neural plasticity using a single-trial spatial learning test. We administered EPO 10 min post-training and evaluated memory after 24 h, 96 h, 15 days, or 21 days. We also determined the effect of EPO administered 10 min after training on the expression of arc and bdnf during retrieval at 24 h and 21 days. Data show that learning induces EPO/EPOr expression increase linked to memory extent, exogenous EPO prolongs memory up to 21 days; and prefrontal cortex bdnf expression at 24 h and in the hippocampus at 21 days, whereas arc expression increases at 21 days in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Almaguer-Melian
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daymara Mercerón-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, Havana, Cuba
| | - Esteban Alberti-Amador
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, Havana, Cuba
| | - Laura Alacán-Ricardo
- Facultad de Medicina Victoria de Girón, Universidad Médica de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javier Curi de Bardet
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, Havana, Cuba
| | - Norma Orama-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología Experimental del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Jorge A Bergado
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Sinú "Elías Bechara Zainum, ", Montería, Colombia
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39
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Fang Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Chen Z. Targeting Histamine and Histamine Receptors for Memory Regulation: An Emotional Perspective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1846-1869. [PMID: 38288837 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240128003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Histamine has long been accepted as a pro-cognitive agent. However, lines of evidence have suggested that the roles of histamine in learning and memory processes are much more complex than previously thought. When explained by the spatial perspectives, there are many contradictory results. However, using emotional memory perspectives, we suspect that the histaminergic system may interplay with stress, reward inhibition, and attention to modulate emotional memory formation. The functional diversity of histamine makes it a viable target for clinical management of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we update the current knowledge about the functions of histamine in emotional memory and summarize the underlying molecular and neural circuit mechanisms. Finally, we review the main clinical studies about the impacts of histamine-related compounds on memory and discuss insights into future research on the roles of histamine in emotional memory. Despite the recent progress in histamine research, the histaminergic emotional memory circuits are poorly understood, and it is also worth verifying the functions of histamine receptors in a more spatiotemporally specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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40
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Fuentes-Ramos M, Barco Á. Unveiling Transcriptional and Epigenetic Mechanisms Within Engram Cells: Insights into Memory Formation and Stability. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:111-129. [PMID: 39008013 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Memory traces for behavioral experiences, such as fear conditioning or taste aversion, are believed to be stored through biophysical and molecular changes in distributed neuronal ensembles across various brain regions. These ensembles are known as engrams, and the cells that constitute them are referred to as engram cells. Recent advancements in techniques for labeling and manipulating neural activity have facilitated the study of engram cells throughout different memory phases, including acquisition, allocation, long-term storage, retrieval, and erasure. In this chapter, we will explore the application of next-generation sequencing methods to engram research, shedding new light on the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms to engram formation and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fuentes-Ramos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Alicante, Spain.
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41
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Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory: Molecular Vibrations and Quantum Entanglement as Basis of Consciousness. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:258-265. [PMID: 37424348 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230707123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1st, United Kingdom
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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42
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Nachtigall EG, de C Myskiw J, Izquierdo I, Furini CRG. Cellular mechanisms of contextual fear memory reconsolidation: Role of hippocampal SFKs, TrkB receptors and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:61-73. [PMID: 37700085 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Memories are stored into long-term representations through a process that depends on protein synthesis. However, a consolidated memory is not static and inflexible and can be reactivated under certain circumstances, the retrieval is able to reactivate memories and destabilize them engaging a process of restabilization known as reconsolidation. Although the molecular mechanisms that mediate fear memory reconsolidation are not entirely known, so here we investigated the molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus involved in contextual fear conditioning memory (CFC) reconsolidation in male Wistar rats. We demonstrated that the blockade of Src family kinases (SFKs), GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors and TrkB receptors (TrkBR) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus immediately after the reactivation session impaired contextual fear memory reconsolidation. These impairments were blocked by the neurotrophin BDNF and the NMDAR agonist, D-Serine. Considering that the study of the link between synaptic proteins is crucial for understanding memory processes, targeting the reconsolidation process may provide new ways of disrupting maladaptive memories, such as those seen in post-traumatic stress disorder. Here we provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms involved in contextual fear memory reconsolidation, demonstrating that SFKs, GluN2B-containing NMDAR, and TrkBR are necessary for the reconsolidation process. Our findings suggest a link between BDNF and SFKs and GluN2B-containing NMDAR as well as a link between NMDAR and SFKs and TrkBR in fear memory reconsolidation. These preliminary pharmacological findings provide new evidence of the mechanisms involved in the reconsolidation of fear memory and have the potential to contribute to the development of treatments for psychiatric disorders involving maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda G Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Jociane de C Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R G Furini
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 3rd floor, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Memory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - 2nd floor - HSL, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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43
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Schroeder MN, Fullio CL, Ballarini F, Moncada D. Modulation of memory reconsolidation by adjacent novel tasks: timing defines the nature of change. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1288. [PMID: 38114781 PMCID: PMC10730840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconsolidation turns memories into a responsive state that allows their modulation until they stabilize again. This phenomenon attracted remarkable attention due to its potential impact on therapeutics and education. Recent evidence revealed that different memories undergo reconsolidation via a behavioral tagging process. Thus, their re-stabilization involves setting "reconsolidation-tags" and synthesizing plasticity-related proteins for their capture at the tagged sites. Here, we studied the possibility of affecting these fundamental mechanisms to modulate reconsolidation. Our findings, in laboratory rats, indicate that exploring a novel environment 60 min before or after memory reactivation improves spatial object recognition memory by promoting protein synthesis. Conversely, experiencing novelty immediately after reactivation impairs the reconsolidation by affecting the tags. Similar effects, but with a different optimal time window for improvement, occur in inhibitory avoidance memory. These results highlight the possibility of modulating existing memories using non-invasive interventions that selectively affect the fundamental mechanisms of behavioral tagging during their reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Nicolás Schroeder
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina (UBA/CONICET) - Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila L Fullio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Ballarini
- Laboratorio de neurociencia translacional, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Av. Madero 399, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Moncada
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Memoria, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina (UBA/CONICET) - Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
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Casagrande MA, Porto RR, Haubrich J, Kautzmann A, de Oliveira Álvares L. Emotional Value of Fear Memory and the Role of the Ventral Hippocampus in Systems Consolidation. Neuroscience 2023; 535:184-193. [PMID: 37944583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the circuitry involving the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), the amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex, a pathway mainly activated to store contextual information efficiently. Lesions in the vHPC impair remote memory, but not in the short term. However, how the vHPC is affected by distinct memory strength or its role in systems consolidation has not yet been elucidated. Here, we investigated how distinct training intensities, with strong or weak contextual fear conditioning, affect activation of the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and the vHPC. We found that the time course of memory consolidation differs in fear memories of different training intensities in both the dHPC and vHPC. Our results also indicate that memory generalization happens alongside greater activation of the vHPC, and these processes occur faster with stronger fear memories. The vHPC is required for the expression of remote fear memory and may control contextual fear generalization, a view corroborated by the fact that inactivation of the vHPC suppresses generalized fear expression, making memory more precise again. Systems consolidation occurs concomitantly with greater activation of the vHPC, which is accelerated in stronger fear memories. These findings lead us to propose that greater activation of the vHPC could be used as a marker for memory generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Casagrande
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Sala 216, CEP 91.501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - R R Porto
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Cnr David Pilgrim Ave & Goldsmith Ave, Building 30, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - J Haubrich
- Dept. of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße, 150 MA 4/150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kautzmann
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Sala 216, CEP 91.501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - L de Oliveira Álvares
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Sala 216, CEP 91.501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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45
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Milton AL. Drug memory reconsolidation: from molecular mechanisms to the clinical context. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 38040677 PMCID: PMC10692359 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its rediscovery at the beginning of the 21st Century, memory reconsolidation has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for reducing the impact of emotional memories that can go awry in mental health disorders such as drug addiction (substance use disorder, SUD). Addiction can be conceptualised as a disorder of learning and memory, in which both pavlovian and instrumental learning systems become hijacked into supporting drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviours. The past two decades of research have characterised the details of the molecular pathways supporting the reconsolidation of pavlovian cue-drug memories, with more recent work indicating that the reconsolidation of instrumental drug-seeking memories also relies upon similar mechanisms. This narrative review considers what is known about the mechanisms underlying the reconsolidation of pavlovian and instrumental memories associated with drug use, how these approaches have translated to experimental medicine studies, and the challenges and opportunities for the clinical use of reconsolidation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Vickrey B, Lerner I. Overnight exposure to pink noise could jeopardize sleep-dependent insight and pattern detection. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1302836. [PMID: 38107593 PMCID: PMC10722168 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1302836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence from the past decades suggests that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation and the facilitation of higher-level cognitive processes such as abstraction and gist extraction. In addition, recent studies show that applying pink noise during sleep can further enhance sleep-dependent memory consolidation, potentially by modulating sleep physiology through stochastic resonance. However, whether this enhancement extends to higher cognitive processes remains untested. In this study, we investigated how the application of open-loop pink noise during sleep influences the gain of insight into hidden patterns. Seventy-two participants were assigned to three groups: daytime-wake, silent sleep, and sleep with pink noise. Each group completed the number reduction task, an established insight paradigm known to be influenced by sleep, over two sessions with a 12-h interval. Sleep groups were monitored by the DREEM 3 headband in home settings. Contrary to our prediction, pink noise did not induce an increase in insight compared to silent sleep and was statistically more similar to the wake condition despite evidence for its typical influence on sleep physiology. Particularly, we found that pink noise limited the time spent in the initial cycle of N1 just after sleep onset, while time spent in N1 positively predicted insight. These results echo recent suggestions that the time in the initial cycle of N1 plays a critical role in insight formation. Overall, our results suggest that open-loop pink noise during sleep may be detrimental to insight formation and creativity due to the alterations it causes to normal sleep architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Vickrey
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Itamar Lerner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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47
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Ataei S, Simo E, Bergers M, Schoch SF, Axmacher N, Dresler M. Learning during sleep in humans - A historical review. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101852. [PMID: 37778137 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep helps to consolidate previously acquired memories. Whether new information such as languages and other useful skills can also be learned during sleep has been debated for over a century, however, the sporadic studies' different objectives and varied methodologies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the history of sleep learning research conducted in humans, from its empirical beginnings in the 1940s to the present day. Synthesizing the findings from 51 research papers, we show that several studies support the notion that simpler forms of learning, such as habituation and conditioning, are possible during sleep. In contrast, the findings for more complex, applied learning (e.g., learning a new language during sleep) are more divergent. While there is often an indication of processing and learning during sleep when looking at neural markers, behavioral evidence for the transfer of new knowledge to wake remains inconclusive. We close by critically examining the limitations and assumptions that have contributed to the discrepancies in the literature and highlight promising new directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ataei
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eni Simo
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Bergers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Schoch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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48
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Vasu SO, Kaphzan H. Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Synaptic Facilitation via Distinct Presynaptic Calcium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16866. [PMID: 38069188 PMCID: PMC10706473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a subthreshold neurostimulation technique known for ameliorating neuropsychiatric conditions. The principal mechanism of tDCS is the differential polarization of subcellular neuronal compartments, particularly the axon terminals that are sensitive to external electrical fields. Yet, the underlying mechanism of tDCS is not fully clear. Here, we hypothesized that direct current stimulation (DCS)-induced modulation of presynaptic calcium channel conductance alters axon terminal dynamics with regard to synaptic vesicle release. To examine the involvement of calcium-channel subtypes in tDCS, we recorded spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) from cortical layer-V pyramidal neurons under DCS while selectively inhibiting distinct subtypes of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Blocking P/Q or N-type calcium channels occluded the effects of DCS on sEPSCs, demonstrating their critical role in the process of DCS-induced modulation of spontaneous vesicle release. However, inhibiting T-type calcium channels did not occlude DCS-induced modulation of sEPSCs, suggesting that despite being active in the subthreshold range, T-type calcium channels are not involved in the axonal effects of DCS. DCS modulates synaptic facilitation by regulating calcium channels in axon terminals, primarily via controlling P/Q and N-type calcium channels, while T-type calcium channels are not involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Bertocchi I, Rocha-Almeida F, Romero-Barragán MT, Cambiaghi M, Carretero-Guillén A, Botta P, Dogbevia GK, Treviño M, Mele P, Oberto A, Larkum ME, Gruart A, Sprengel R, Delgado-García JM, Hasan MT. Pre- and postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are required for sequential printing of fear memory engrams. iScience 2023; 26:108050. [PMID: 37876798 PMCID: PMC10590821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of fear memory involves the participation of multiple brain regions. However, it is largely unknown how fear memory is formed, which circuit pathways are used for "printing" memory engrams across brain regions, and the role of identified brain circuits in memory retrieval. With advanced genetic methods, we combinatorially blocked presynaptic output and manipulated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) before and after cued fear conditioning. Further, we tagged fear-activated neurons during associative learning for optogenetic memory recall. We found that presynaptic mPFC and postsynaptic BLA NMDARs are required for fear memory formation, but not expression. Our results provide strong evidence that NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity drives multi-trace systems consolidation for the sequential printing of fear memory engrams from BLA to mPFC and, subsequently, to the other regions, for flexible memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Florbela Rocha-Almeida
- Division of Neurosciences, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, Verona, Italy
| | - Alejandro Carretero-Guillén
- Laboratory of Brain Circuits Therapeutics, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Paolo Botta
- CNS drug development, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Godwin K. Dogbevia
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Health Canada, 70 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Mario Treviño
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Paolo Mele
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Matthew E. Larkum
- NeuroCure, Charité-Universitatsmedizin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mazahir T. Hasan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Brain Circuits Therapeutics, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Sede Building, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque – Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Ali Vafaei A, Nazari M, Omoumi S, Rashidy-Pour A, Raise-Abdullahi P. Corticosterone injection into the basolateral amygdala before and after memory reactivation impairs the subsequent expression of fear memory in rats: An interaction of glucocorticoids and β-adrenoceptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107829. [PMID: 37734437 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid administration, before or after fear memory reactivation, impairs subsequent fear memory expression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study examined the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) β-adrenoceptors in the effects of intra-BLA corticosterone injection on fear memory in rats. Bilateral cannulae were implanted in the BLA of Wistar male rats. The rats were trained and tested using an inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA footshock for 3 s). Forty-eight hours after training, corticosterone (CORT, 5, 10, or 20 ng/0.5 µl/side) and the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 10 or 20 ng/0.5 µl/side) or the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PROP, 250 or 500 ng/0.5 µl/side) were injected into the BLA before or right after memory reactivation (retrieval, Test 1). We performed subsequent tests 2 (Test 2), 5 (Test 3), 7 (Test 4), and 9 (Test 5) days after Test 1. The results demonstrated that CORT injection before Test 1 disrupted memory retrieval and reduced fear expression in Tests 2-5, possibly due to enhanced extinction or impaired reconsolidation. CORT injection after Test 1 also impaired reconsolidation and reduced fear expression in Tests 2-5. CLEN prevented, but PROP exacerbated, the effects of CORT on fear expression. The reminder shock did not recover fear memory in CORT-treated animals, suggesting that reconsolidation, not extinction, was affected. These results indicate that glucocorticoids and β-adrenoceptors in the BLA jointly modulate fear memory reconsolidation and expression. Comprehending the neurobiology of stress and the impact of glucocorticoids on fear memory may lead to new treatments for stress and trauma-induced disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samira Omoumi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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