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Kita K, Sugita K, Sato C, Sugaya S, Sato T, Kaneda A. Extracellular Release of Annexin A2 is Enhanced upon Oxidative Stress Response via the p38 MAPK Pathway after Low-Dose X-Ray Irradiation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:79-91. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14277.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Kita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Katsuo Sugita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chihomi Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Shigeru Sugaya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Tetsuo Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan and
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2
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Sato T, Kita K, Sugaya S, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Extracellular release of annexin II from pancreatic cancer cells and resistance to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis by supplementation of recombinant annexin II. Pancreas 2012; 41:1247-54. [PMID: 22750966 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31824f356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular microenvironment plays crucial roles in the development of cancers and chemoresistance. Pancreatic carcinoma is resistant to almost all chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we identified annexin II in the medium from pancreatic cancer cells as a protein released into the extracellular environment. METHODS Medium from 5-hour cultures of various cancer cells was collected. Proteins in the medium were detected by molecular mass analysis and immunoblotting. Anticancer drug sensitivity of cells preincubated with or without recombinant annexin II (rANX II) was measured using crystal violet assay and colony survival assay. Apoptosis-related molecules were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Recombinant ANX II supplementation in the medium confers resistance to anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine, in MiaPaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells. In MiaPaCa-2 cells, rANX II supplementation resulted in suppression of caspase-3 activation associated with increased Bcl-2/Bax ratios. Suppression of cisplatin-induced cell death by rANX II supplementation was canceled by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first report to demonstrate that supplementation of rANX II in the medium increased resistance to anticancer drugs in pancreatic cancer cells. Recombinant ANX II exerts cell death-suppressive function by antagonizing cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sato
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Kristoffersen EK. Human placental Fc gamma-binding proteins in the maternofetal transfer of IgG. APMIS. SUPPLEMENTUM 1996; 64:5-36. [PMID: 8944053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.1996.tb05583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Annexin II, a member of the annexin family of Ca2+ and phospholipid binding proteins, is present in human placenta. Placental annexin II has low affinity FcR activity, and is present as a heterotetramere on syncytiotrophoblast apical cell membrane extracellular surface. In addition to annexin II, transmembraneous leukocyte FcRIII is present on syncytiotrophoblast apical membrane. Either one, or both molecules may mediate the binding of IgG and thereby facilitate its transport through the syncytiotrophoblast layer. However, the presence of other maternal plasma proteins in syncytiotrophoblasts that are not transported to the human fetus is suggestive of nonspecific fluid phase endocytosis. The MHC class I like FcR, similar to the receptor found in neonatal rodent intestine, FcRn, is present intracellularly in human syncytiotrophoblasts, as is its light chain beta 2-microglobulin. The hFcRn is not detected on the apical plasma membrane. The placental hFcRn co-localizes with IgG in syncytiotrophoblast granules. It is likely that hFcRn binds and transcytoses IgG through the syncytiotrophoblast. Protected transfer of IgG may occur within syncytiotrophoblast endocytotic vesicles prior to release in the villous stroma and subsequent translocation into the lumen of fetal stem vessels by uptake and transport in endothelial caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Kristoffersen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Norway
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4
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Hajjar KA, Guevara CA, Lev E, Dowling K, Chacko J. Interaction of the fibrinolytic receptor, annexin II, with the endothelial cell surface. Essential role of endonexin repeat 2. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:21652-9. [PMID: 8702954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells express a cell surface co-receptor for plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) which we recently identified as annexin II (Hajjar, K. A., Jacovina, A. T., and Chacko, J. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21191-21197). This protein enhances the catalytic efficiency of t-PA-dependent plasmin generation by 60-fold (Cesarman, G. M., Guevara, C. A., and Hajjar, K. A. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21198-21203). Here, we demonstrate that annexin II is constitutively translocated to the endothelial cell surface within 16 h of biosynthesis, and that cell surface annexin II comprises 4.3 +/- 1.0% of the total cellular pool. Exogenous 125I-annexin II bound to EGTA-washed endothelial cells with high affinity (Kd 49 nM) and in a calcium-dependent (I50 = 3 microM), phospholipid-sensitive manner. Peptides KASMKGLGTDED and YDSMKGKGTRDK, mimicking the calcium-binding "endonexin" motif (KGXGT) of annexin II, blocked its interaction with endothelial cells. Recombinant annexin II, bearing the calcium-binding site substitution D161A of core repeat 2, failed to compete with binding of the wild type protein to the cell surface, while E246A and D321A mutants, corresponding to core repeats 3 and 4, behaved as effective competitors. These data suggest that translocated annexin II interacts with cell surface phospholipid via a high affinity calcium-dependent binding site that includes residues 118-122 (KGLGT) and the coordinating Asp161 of core repeat 2. Thus, calcium-regulated expression of annexin II on the endothelial cell surface may play a central role in control of plasmin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
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5
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Ma AS, Bell DJ, Mittal AA, Harrison HH. Immunocytochemical detection of extracellular annexin II in cultured human skin keratinocytes and isolation of annexin II isoforms enriched in the extracellular pool. J Cell Sci 1994; 107 ( Pt 7):1973-84. [PMID: 7983162 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107.7.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were raised against trypsinized human skin epidermal cells and selected for their staining of the epidermal cells in a cell periphery pattern. One antibody, CP-1, immunoprecipitated a 36 kDa protein that was identified as annexin II heavy chain by microsequencing of a CNBr-generated peptide fragment from the antigen and by cross-identification with another anti-annexin II antibody. In addition to staining a broad cell periphery band in keratinocytes, CP-1 also detected annexin II outside and in between the top layer cells before cell permeabilization. Double-labeling of annexin II and F-actin revealed a distinct topographical relationship between the two, with intercellular annexin II flanked by the submembranously located actin of the juxta-positioned cells. Annexin II was isolated from cultured keratinocytes via immunoaffinity column chromatography in one step, using the same monoclonal antibody CP-1 and was found to be resolved into multiple isoforms when analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The predominant components of annexin II were basic, with pI of 6.5-8.5, and some of them formed disulfide-linked monomeric multimers under non-reducing conditions. Acidic annexin II isoforms with pI 5.4-5.8 were barely detectable among the total annexin II isolated but were selectively enriched in an extracellular pool created by 0.05% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dispersion of the cultured cells into single cell suspensions. Furthermore, they can be separated from the rest of annexin II by using a different elution condition. A 46 kDa protein, the identity of which is unclear, co-eluted with the acidic isoforms in the EDTA washes. These acidic isoforms, which co-eluted with the 46 kDa protein, are suspected of corresponding to the extracellular annexin II detected immunocytochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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6
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Raynal P, Pollard HB. Annexins: the problem of assessing the biological role for a gene family of multifunctional calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1197:63-93. [PMID: 8155692 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(94)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Raynal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Genetics, NIH, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892
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7
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Valchar M, Hanbauer I. Comparison of [3H]WIN 35,428 binding, a marker for dopamine transporter, in embryonic mesencephalic neuronal cultures with striatal membranes of adult rats. J Neurochem 1993; 60:469-76. [PMID: 8419533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to striatal membranes of adult rats, where high- (KD1 = 34 nM) and low- (KD2 = 48,400 nM) affinity binding sites for [3H]WIN 35,428 are present, in primary cultures of ventral mesencephalon neurons (CVMNs) only low-affinity binding sites were found (KD = 336,000 nM). The binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 in CVMNs prepared from rat embryos was reversible, saturable, and located in cytosol. Although dopamine (DA) uptake blockers inhibited [3H]DA uptake at nanomolar concentrations in CVMNs, the displacement of [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in CVMNs by DA uptake inhibitors required 100-8,000 times higher concentrations than were needed to displace [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in striatal membranes. Piperazine derivatives, e.g., GBR-12909, GBR-12935, and rimcazole, inhibited [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in CVMNs more effectively than did cocaine, WIN 35,428, mazindol, nomifensine, or benztropin. A positive correlation (r = 0.779; p < 0.001) was found between drug affinities for the striatal membrane sites labeled by [3H]WIN 35,428 and their abilities to inhibit DA uptake in CVMNs, whereas no correlation existed between the IC50 values of drugs that inhibited [3H]WIN 35,428 binding and [3H]DA uptake in CVMNs. The cytosolic [3H]WIN 35,428 binding sites may be a piperazine acceptor and may not be involved in the regulation of the DA transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valchar
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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8
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Myatt L, Hirth J, Everson WV. Changes in annexin (lipocortin) content in human amnion and chorion at parturition. J Cell Biochem 1992; 50:363-73. [PMID: 1469069 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is mobilized from fetal membrane phospholipids at parturition leading to increased production of oxytocic prostaglandins which may initiate or maintain myometrial contractions. Phospholipid mobilization requires activation of phospholipase A2 or C, both of which require calcium for activity. The annexins (lipocortins) are a superfamily of proteins which bind to calcium and phospholipids and thereby may alter phospholipase activity through two mechanisms: modulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations or regulation of the accessibility of phospholipids to hydrolyzing enzymes. Using Western immunoblotting with monospecific polyclonal antibodies, annexins I-VI were identified in human amnion and chorion/decidua at term in tissues obtained from patients in labor or not in labor. Each annexin was present in two distinct pools: a pool which only associated with the membrane in the presence of calcium (calcium-dependent pool) and a calcium-independent pool that remained membrane bound in the presence of calcium chelators. Annexin I was present as two species, resolving at 36 kDa and 68 kDa. The total concentration of annexin I in both amnion and chorion/decidua was significantly decreased with labor, while the total concentration of annexin V in chorion significantly increased with labor. The size of individual pools of annexins also changed with labor: the calcium-dependent pool of annexins I and II in both amnion and chorion significantly decreased; the calcium-dependent pool of annexin V increased in chorion; and calcium-independent pools of annexin I in amnion and annexins I, II, and V in chorion significantly decreased with labor. The decrease in total annexin I concentration with labor in amnion reflects a substantial decrease (80-90%) in the pool tightly bound to the membrane in a calcium-independent manner. This striking change distinguishes annexin I as a potential candidate inhibitor which is specifically downregulated at parturition, potentially leading to increased access of phospholipases to substrate phospholipids and increased prostaglandin production at labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Myatt
- Perinatal Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0526
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9
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Drust DS, Creutz CE. Differential subcellular distribution of p36 (the heavy chain of calpactin I) and other annexins in the adrenal medulla. J Neurochem 1991; 56:469-78. [PMID: 1824861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The annexins are a group of highly related Ca2(+)-dependent membrane-binding proteins that are present in a wide variety of cells and tissues. We have examined the subcellular distribution of five members of the annexin family in the adrenal medulla. Bovine adrenal medullary tissue was homogenized in buffers containing EGTA and fractionated on sucrose gradients. p36 (the large subunit of calpactin I) was found to be predominantly membrane associated, with approximately 20% present in fractions enriched in chromaffin granules. In contrast, lipocortin I was localized primarily to the cytosol, with only a small proportion found in plasma membrane-containing fractions. Like lipocortin I, endonexin I was found to be present almost entirely in the soluble fractions. The 67-kDa calelectrin was localized primarily to the plasma membrane fractions, with a small amount present in the chromaffin granule and cytoplasmic fractions. Synexin was present in both membranous and cytoplasmic fractions. p36 appeared to be a peripherally associated granule membrane protein in that it was dissociated from the membrane by addition of base and it partitioned with the aqueous phase when granule membranes were treated with Triton X-114. Antiserum against p10 (the small subunit of calpactin I) reacted with a protein of 19 kDa that is specifically localized in chromaffin granule membrane fractions. The differences in subcellular distributions of the annexins suggest that these proteins have distinct cellular functions. The finding that p36 is associated with chromaffin granule and plasma membrane fractions provides further support for a possible role of calpactin in exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Drust
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908
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10
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Shoji S, Tashiro A, Kubota Y. Antimyristoylation of GAG proteins in human T-cell lymphotropic and human immunodeficiency viruses by N-myristoyl glycinal diethylacetal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 616:97-115. [PMID: 1706577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Shoji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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11
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James G, Olson EN. Fatty acylated proteins as components of intracellular signaling pathways. Biochemistry 1990; 29:2623-34. [PMID: 2189494 DOI: 10.1021/bi00463a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
From the studies presented above, it is obvious that fatty acylation is a common modification among proteins involved in cellular regulatory pathways, and in certain cases mutational analyses have demonstrated the importance of covalent fatty acids in the functioning of these proteins. Indeed, certain properties provided by fatty acylation make it an attractive modification for regulatory proteins that might interact with many different substrates, particularly those found at or near the plasma membrane/cytosol interface. In the case of intracellular fatty acylated proteins, the fatty acyl moiety allows tight binding to the plasma membrane without the need for cotranslational insertion through the bilayer. For example, consider the tight, salt-resistant interaction of myristoylated SRC with the membrane, whereas its nonmyristoylated counterpart is completely soluble. Likewise for the RAS proteins, which associate weakly with the membrane in the absence of fatty acylation, while palmitoylation increases their affinity for the plasma membrane and their biological activity. Fatty acylation also permits reversible membrane association in some cases, particularly for several myristoylated proteins, thus conferring plasticity on their interactions with various signaling pathway components. Finally, although this has not been demonstrated, it is conceivable that covalent fatty acid may allow for rapid mobility of proteins within the membrane. Several questions remain to be answered concerning requirements for fatty acylation by regulatory proteins. The identity of the putative SRC "receptor" will provide important clues as to the pathways in which normal SRC functions, as well as into the process of transformation by oncogenic tyrosine kinases. The possibility that other fatty acylated proteins associate with the plasma membrane in an analogous manner also needs to be investigated. An intriguing observation that can be made from the information presented here is that at least three different families of proteins involved in growth factor signaling pathways encode both acylated and nonacylated members, suggesting that selective fatty acylation may provide a means of determining the specificity of their interactions with other regulatory molecules. Further studies of fatty acylated proteins should yield important information concerning the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways utilized during growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Schmidt
- Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Arabian Gulf
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13
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Callahan FE, Norman HA, Srinath T, St John JB, Dhar R, Mattoo AK. Identification of covalently bound fatty acids on acylated proteins immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. Anal Biochem 1989; 183:220-4. [PMID: 2696384 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A general method for identification of fatty acids covalently bound to acylated proteins following their electrophoretic transfer onto nitrocellulose paper is described. As demonstrated for [3H]palmitoylated RAS1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the acylated acyl carrier protein of Spirodela oligorrhiza, this procedure alleviates the need for elution of proteins from polyacrylamide gel slices. Fatty acid ligands of such proteins are hydrolyzed directly from their immobilized state on the nitrocellulose paper, then derivatized with p-nitrophenacyl bromide, and finally resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of acylated protein required for identification of acyl groups is minimized compared to that required for more conventional approaches by coupling a radioactive flow detector with the HPLC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Callahan
- Plant Molecular Biology, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland 20705
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14
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James G, Olson EN. Identification of a Novel Fatty Acylated Protein That Partitions between the Plasma Membrane and Cytosol and Is Deacylated in Response to Serum and Growth Factor Stimulation. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)30035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Byers DM, Cook HW, Palmer FB, Spence MW. Cell-specific fatty acylation of proteins in cultured cells of neuronal and glial origin. Neurochem Res 1989; 14:503-9. [PMID: 2548106 DOI: 10.1007/bf00964910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Distinct sets of cellular proteins were labeled with [3H]myristic and [3H]palmitic acids in primary (rat neurons and astroglia) and continuous (murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma and rat C6 glioma) cell cultures derived from the nervous system. Both soluble and membrane proteins were modified by myristate in a hydroxylamine-stable (amide) linkage, while palmitoylated proteins were ester-linked and almost exclusively membrane bound. Chain elongation of both labeled fatty acids prior to acylation was observed, but no protein amide-linked [3H]myristate originating from [3H]palmitate was detected. Fatty acylation profiles differed considerably among most of the cell lines, except for rat astroglial and glioma cells in which myristoylated proteins appeared to be almost identical based on SDS gel electrophoresis. An unidentified 47 kDa myristoylated protein was labeled to a significantly greater extent in astroglial than in glioma cells; the expression of this protein could be related to transformation or development in cells of glial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Byers
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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17
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Carraway KL, Carraway CA. Membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in animal cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 988:147-71. [PMID: 2524216 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(89)90017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Carraway
- Department of Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101
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18
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Hunter T. The Ca2+/phospholipid-binding proteins of the submembraneous skeleton. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 234:169-93. [PMID: 3063085 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1980-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hunter
- Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Salk Institute, San Diego, California 92138
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19
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Mattoo AK, Edelman M. Intramembrane translocation and posttranslational palmitoylation of the chloroplast 32-kDa herbicide-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:1497-501. [PMID: 3550792 PMCID: PMC304461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.6.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 32-kDa herbicide-binding protein, a component of photosystem II, is synthesized as a membrane-associated 33.5-kDa precursor within the chloroplast. We show that membrane attachment of the precursor and processing to the 32-kDa form occur in the unstacked stromal lamellae. Once processed, the 32-kDa protein translocates, within the thylakoids, to the topologically distinct stacked granal lamellae. Posttranslational palmitoylation of the processed 32-kDa protein is also shown to occur. This modification takes place in a membrane-protected domain and is mainly confined to the protein assembled in the granal lamellae, where functional photosystem II centers are concentrated.
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20
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Burn P, Burger MM. The cytoskeletal protein vinculin contains transformation-sensitive, covalently bound lipid. Science 1987; 235:476-9. [PMID: 3099391 DOI: 10.1126/science.3099391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin, which is associated with the cytoskeleton of many cells, has been suggested as a possible linker between microfilament bundles and the plasma membrane. Here it will be shown that fatty acid is covalently attached to vinculin in vivo. Furthermore, in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus, tsNY68, the acylation of vinculin at the permissive temperature was less than one-third that at the nonpermissive temperature. Thus, the covalent binding of lipid to vinculin is a transformation-sensitive event. The covalent modification of vinculin by lipids could be directly or indirectly involved in its reversible association with membranes. This modification may also provide a mechanism to alter the organization of vinculin within cells and thereby play a regulatory role in anchoring or stabilizing microfilament bundles at plasma membranes.
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Beemon K, Mattingly B. Avian sarcoma virus gag-fps and gag-yes transforming proteins are not myristylated or palmitylated. Virology 1986; 155:716-20. [PMID: 3491459 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming proteins of several avian sarcoma viruses were examined for evidence of covalently attached fatty acids. While the product of the viral src gene could be readily labeled biosynthetically with [3H]myristic acid, the gag-onc transforming proteins of Fujinami sarcoma virus, PRCII, PRCIIp, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses were not readily labeled with either [3H]myristate or [3H]palmitate. Thus, avian gag-onc proteins appear to lack modifications shared by mammalian gag and gag-onc proteins, and the products of the oncogenes src, tck, and ras.
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22
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Sorić J, Gordon JA. Calcium-dependent isolation of the 36-kilodalton substrate of pp60src-kinase. Fractionation of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated species. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Aderem AA, Keum MM, Pure E, Cohn ZA. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides, phorbol myristate acetate, and zymosan induce the myristoylation of specific macrophage proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:5817-21. [PMID: 3461461 PMCID: PMC386386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate stimulus-dependent incorporation of exogenously added [3H]myristic acid into specific macrophage proteins. In control unstimulated cells an 18-kDa protein is the major acylated species. In cells incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or its monoacyl glucosamine phosphate derivative, fatty acid is incorporated into proteins with molecular mass of 68 kDa and a doublet of approximately 42-45 kDa. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or a phagocytic stimulus (zymosan) promotes the acylation of a similar array of proteins. However, PMA and zymosan also promote the myristoylation of unique proteins of 92 and 50 kDa. The fatty acid associated with each of the acylated proteins is myristic acid. The myristate is probably linked to the proteins through amide bonds, since it is not released by treatment with hydroxylamine. Palmitate and arachidonate are not incorporated into proteins in the same manner. Temporal analysis revealed that LPS-induced proteins are myristoylated by 30 min, while the 50-kDa protein myristoylated in response to PMA is labeled later. Most myristoylated proteins appear to be associated with the membrane fraction. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, which do not respond to LPS, do not show any LPS-dependent protein acylation. Interestingly, zymosan and PMA induce the myristoylation of the 50-kDa protein in C3H/HeJ macrophages, but not the acylation of the 68-kDa and 42-kDa doublet species. We suggest that myristoylation of specific proteins is an intermediary in the capacity of LPS, PMA, and zymosan to alter macrophage functions such as arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Saris CJ, Tack BF, Kristensen T, Glenney JR, Hunter T. The cDNA sequence for the protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36 (calpactin I heavy chain) reveals a multidomain protein with internal repeats. Cell 1986; 46:201-12. [PMID: 3013423 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA clone for the protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36 (calpactin I heavy chain). This sequence predicts a 339 amino acid (Mr 38,493) protein containing an N-terminal region of 20 amino acids, known to interact with a 10 kd protein (light chain), and a C-terminal region, found to contain two Ca2+/phospholipid-binding sites, that can be aligned as four 70 amino acid repeats. A single p36 gene was detected in the mouse genome, and a major p36 mRNA of 1.6 kb was found to be expressed in different mouse tissues. Unexpectedly, p36 and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor lipocortin I were found to be 50% identical in sequence over the C-terminal 300 residues. The function of p36 and its relation to other proteins are discussed.
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A consensus amino-acid sequence repeat in Torpedo and mammalian Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding proteins. Nature 1986; 320:636-8. [PMID: 2422556 DOI: 10.1038/320636a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A group of calcium-binding proteins which bind to biomembranes has recently been identified in widely different cells and tissues (refs 1-7, reviewed in ref. 8). Three of these proteins (p70, p36 and p32.5) cross-react with antiserum to calelectrin, a Ca2+-binding protein (relative molecular mass 34,000 (34K] from the ray Torpedo marmorata, giving rise to their designation as calelectrin-related proteins. We now report that calelectrin, p36 and p32.5 contain a 17-amino-acid consensus sequence which is conserved and present in multiple copies. We suggest that this sequence may be common to other members of this new group of Ca2+-binding proteins and may underlie their unusual mode of combination with biomembranes.
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Johnsson N, Vandekerckhove J, Van Damme J, Weber K. Binding sites for calcium, lipid and p11 on p36, the substrate of retroviral tyrosine-specific protein kinases. FEBS Lett 1986; 198:361-4. [PMID: 2937654 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and partial sequence data reveal the two-domain structure of p36. A loose structure of some 30 residues at the amino-terminus contains the phosphorylatable tyrosine and the binding site for the p11 regulatory chain. The following p33 domain retains the lipid-binding site as well as the Ca2+ site which influences the spectral properties of the single tryptophan and one tyrosine. The combined sequence data covering about 25% of the molecule identify p36 as a unique polypeptide.
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