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Mo R, Guo W, Batstone D, Makinia J, Li Y. Modifications to the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) for enhanced understanding and application of the anaerobic treatment processes - A comprehensive review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120504. [PMID: 37634455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for the recovery of resources and energy from organic wastes. Correspondingly, AD modelling has also been developed in recent years. The International Water Association (IWA) Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is currently the most commonly used structured AD model. However, as substrates become more complex and our understanding of the AD mechanism grows, both systematic and specific modifications have been applied to the ADM1. Modified models have provided a diverse range of application besides AD processes, such as fermentation and biogas upgrading processes. This paper reviews research on the modification of the ADM1, with a particular focus on processes, kinetics, stoichiometry and parameters, which are the major elements of the model. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the ADM1, followed by a summary of modifications, including extensions to the model structure, modifications to kinetics (including inhibition functions) and stoichiometry, as well as simplifications to the model. The paper also covers kinetic parameter estimation and validation of the model, as well as practical applications of the model to a variety of scenarios. The review highlights the need for improvements in simulating AD and biogas upgrading processes, as well as the lack of full-scale applications to other substrates besides sludge (such as food waste and agricultural waste). Future research directions are suggested for model development based on detailed understanding of the anaerobic treatment mechanisms, and the need to recover of valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Damien Batstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Sobieraj K, Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Luo G, Koziel JA, Białowiec A. Biological treatment of biowaste as an innovative source of CO-The role of composting process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1126737. [PMID: 36845185 PMCID: PMC9947533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1126737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an essential "building block" for producing everyday chemicals on industrial scale. Carbon monoxide can also be generated though a lesser-known and sometimes forgotten biorenewable pathways that could be explored to advance biobased production from large and more sustainable sources such as bio-waste treatment. Organic matter decomposition can generate carbon monoxide both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. While anaerobic carbon monoxide generation is relatively well understood, the aerobic is not. Yet many industrial-scale bioprocesses involve both conditions. This review summarizes the necessary basic biochemistry knowledge needed for realization of initial steps towards biobased carbon monoxide production. We analyzed for the first time, the complex information about carbon monoxide production during aerobic, anaerobic bio-waste treatment and storage, carbon monoxide-metabolizing microorganisms, pathways, and enzymes with bibliometric analysis of trends. The future directions recognizing limitations of combined composting and carbon monoxide production have been discussed in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sobieraj
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacek A. Koziel
- USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, United States,Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland,Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Andrzej Białowiec,
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Jiang Q, Jing H, Jiang Q, Zhang Y. Insights into carbon-fixation pathways through metagonomics in the sediments of deep-sea cold seeps. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113458. [PMID: 35217425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic microorganisms in the dark ocean has a major impact on global carbon cycling and ecological relationships in the ocean's interior. At present, six pathways of autotrophic carbon fixation have been found: the Calvin cycle, the reductive Acetyl-CoA or Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (rAcCoA), the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA), the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle (3HP), the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle (3HP/4HB), and the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle (DC/4HB). Although our knowledge about carbon fixation pathways in the ocean has increased significantly, carbon fixation pathways in the cold seeps are still unknown. In this study, we collected sediment samples from two cold seeps and one trough in the south China sea (SCS), and investigated with metagenomic and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). We found that six autotrophic carbon fixation pathways present in the cold seeps and trough with rTCA cycle was the most common pathway, whose genes were particularly high in the cold seeps and increased with sediment depths; the rAcCoA cycle mainly occurred in the cold seep regions, and the abundance of module genes increased with sediment depths. We also elucidated members of chemoautotrophic microorganisms involved in these six carbon-fixation pathways. The rAcCoA, rTCA and DC/4-HB cycles required significantly less energy probably play an important role in the deep-sea environments, especially in the cold seeps. This study provided metabolic insights into the carbon fixation pathways in the cold seeps, and laid the foundation for future detailed study on processes and rates of carbon fixation in the deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuYun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; HKUST-CAS Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - QiuLong Jiang
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Ligand Effects on the Reactivity of [CoX]+ (X = CN, F, Cl, Br, O, OH) Towards CO2: Gas-Phase Generation of the Elusive Cyanoformate by [Co(CN)]+ and [Fe(CN)]+. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kling GW, Evans WC, Tuttle ML. A comparative view of Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon, West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03680770.1989.11898921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Physiology, Biochemistry, and Applications of F420- and Fo-Dependent Redox Reactions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:451-93. [PMID: 27122598 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00070-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Deazaflavin cofactors enhance the metabolic flexibility of microorganisms by catalyzing a wide range of challenging enzymatic redox reactions. While structurally similar to riboflavin, 5-deazaflavins have distinctive and biologically useful electrochemical and photochemical properties as a result of the substitution of N-5 of the isoalloxazine ring for a carbon. 8-Hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (Fo) appears to be used for a single function: as a light-harvesting chromophore for DNA photolyases across the three domains of life. In contrast, its oligoglutamyl derivative F420 is a taxonomically restricted but functionally versatile cofactor that facilitates many low-potential two-electron redox reactions. It serves as an essential catabolic cofactor in methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, and likely methanotrophic archaea. It also transforms a wide range of exogenous substrates and endogenous metabolites in aerobic actinobacteria, for example mycobacteria and streptomycetes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of F420 in microorganisms and the biochemistry of the various oxidoreductases that mediate these roles. Particular focus is placed on the central roles of F420 in methanogenic archaea in processes such as substrate oxidation, C1 pathways, respiration, and oxygen detoxification. We also describe how two F420-dependent oxidoreductase superfamilies mediate many environmentally and medically important reactions in bacteria, including biosynthesis of tetracycline and pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibiotics by streptomycetes, activation of the prodrugs pretomanid and delamanid by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and degradation of environmental contaminants such as picrate, aflatoxin, and malachite green. The biosynthesis pathways of Fo and F420 are also detailed. We conclude by considering opportunities to exploit deazaflavin-dependent processes in tuberculosis treatment, methane mitigation, bioremediation, and industrial biocatalysis.
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Metagenomic insights into strategies of aerobic and anaerobic carbon and nitrogen transformation in boreal lakes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12102. [PMID: 26159227 PMCID: PMC4498382 DOI: 10.1038/srep12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of net-heterotrophic and strongly stratifying lakes dominate the boreal landscape. Besides their central role as emitters of greenhouse gases, we have only recently begun to understand the microbial systems driving the metabolic processes and elemental cycles in these lakes. Using shotgun metagenomics, we show that the functional potential differs among lake types, with humic lakes being particularly enriched in carbon degradation genes. Most of the metabolic pathways exhibit oxygen- and temperature-dependent stratification over depth, coinciding with shifts in bacterial community composition, implying that stratification is a major factor controlling lake metabolism. In the bottom waters, rare and poorly characterized taxa, such as ε-Proteobacteria, but also autotrophs, such as photolithotrophic Chlorobia were abundant. These oxygen-depleted layers exhibited high genetic potential for mineralization, but also for fixation of carbon and nitrogen, and genetic markers for both methane production and oxidation were present. Our study provides a first glimpse of the genetic versatility of freshwater anoxic zones, and demonstrates the potential for complete turnover of carbon compounds within the water column.
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Hügler M, Sievert SM. Beyond the Calvin cycle: autotrophic carbon fixation in the ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2011; 3:261-89. [PMID: 21329206 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organisms capable of autotrophic metabolism assimilate inorganic carbon into organic carbon. They form an integral part of ecosystems by making an otherwise unavailable form of carbon available to other organisms, a central component of the global carbon cycle. For many years, the doctrine prevailed that the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is the only biochemical autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway of significance in the ocean. However, ecological, biochemical, and genomic studies carried out over the last decade have not only elucidated new pathways but also shown that autotrophic carbon fixation via pathways other than the CBB cycle can be significant. This has ramifications for our understanding of the carbon cycle and energy flow in the ocean. Here, we review the recent discoveries in the field of autotrophic carbon fixation, including the biochemistry and evolution of the different pathways, as well as their ecological relevance in various oceanic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hügler
- Microbiology Department, Water Technology Center, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Krzycki JA, Kenealy WR, Deniro MJ, Zeikus JG. Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation by Methanosarcina barkeri during Methanogenesis from Acetate, Methanol, or Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 53:2597-9. [PMID: 16347476 PMCID: PMC204153 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.10.2597-2599.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanosarcina barkeri was cultured on methanol, H(2)-CO(2), and acetate, and the C/C ratios of the substrates and the methane produced from them were determined. The discrimination against C in methane relative to substrate decreased in the order methanol > CO(2) > acetate. The isotopic fractionation for methane derived from acetate was only one-third of that observed with methanol as the substrate. The data presented indicate that the last enzyme of methanogenesis, methylreductase, is not the primary site of isotopic discrimination during methanogenesis from methanol or CO(2). These results also support biogeochemical interpretations that gas produced in environments in which acetate is the primary methane precursor will have higher C/C ratios than those from environments where other substrates predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Krzycki
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Department of Earth, Space Sciences, and Archaeology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
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Parameswaran P, Zhang H, Torres CÃI, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Microbial community structure in a biofilm anode fed with a fermentable substrate: The significance of hydrogen scavengers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:69-78. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Kim D, Chang IS. Electricity generation from synthesis gas by microbial processes: CO fermentation and microbial fuel cell technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4527-4530. [PMID: 19410448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microbiological process was established to harvest electricity from the carbon monoxide (CO). A CO fermenter was enriched with CO as the sole carbon source. The DGGE/DNA sequencing results showed that Acetobacterium spp. were enriched from the anaerobic digester fluid. After the fermenter was operated under continuous mode, the products were then continuously fed to the microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity. Even though the conversion yield was quite low, this study proved that synthesis gas (syn-gas) can be converted to electricity with the aid of microbes that do not possess the drawbacks of metal catalysts of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehee Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Techtmann SM, Colman AS, Robb FT. 'That which does not kill us only makes us stronger': the role of carbon monoxide in thermophilic microbial consortia. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:1027-37. [PMID: 19239487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), while a potent toxin, is also a key intermediate in major autotrophic pathways such as methanogenesis and acetogenesis. The ability of purple sulfur bacteria to use CO as an energy source was first described by Uffen in 1976. The prototype extremely thermophilic carboxydotroph Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans was described in 1991. Eight bacteria and one archaeon that utilize CO have since been isolated and described from diverse geothermal environments. They derive energy from the oxidation of CO with water to form CO(2) and H(2). Most of these isolates thrive with headspace CO partial pressures around 1 atm, which is grossly elevated relative to CO concentrations in geothermal effluents. To account for this, we suggest that under consortial growth conditions the carboxydotrophs occupy microniches in which biogenic CO accumulates locally to high concentrations. CO oxidizers dissipate these potentially toxic CO hot spots with the production of H(2), CO(2) and acetate whose subsequent oxidation fuels other thermophiles. The identification of genes related to anaerobic CO oxidation in many metagenomic databases attests to widespread distribution of carboxydotrophs. Current evidence suggests that CO-oxidizing bacteria and archaea hold a vital niche in thermophilic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Techtmann
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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13
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Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans sp. nov., a carbon monoxide-oxidizing actinomycete, and an emended description of the genus Pseudonocardia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2475-8. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Lovitt RW, Kim BH, Shen GJ, Zeikus JG, Phillips JA. Solvent Production by Microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388558809150725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Lin Y, He Y, Meng Z, Yang S. Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-008-0040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Lessner DJ, Li L, Li Q, Rejtar T, Andreev VP, Reichlen M, Hill K, Moran JJ, Karger BL, Ferry JG. An unconventional pathway for reduction of CO2 to methane in CO-grown Methanosarcina acetivorans revealed by proteomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:17921-6. [PMID: 17101988 PMCID: PMC1693848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608833103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanosarcina acetivorans produces acetate, formate, and methane when cultured with CO as the growth substrate [Rother M, Metcalf WW (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:], which suggests novel features of CO metabolism. Here we present a genome-wide proteomic approach to identify and quantify proteins differentially abundant in response to growth on CO versus methanol or acetate. The results indicate that oxidation of CO to CO2 supplies electrons for reduction of CO2 to a methyl group by steps and enzymes of the pathway for CO2 reduction determined for other methane-producing species. However, proteomic and quantitative RT-PCR results suggest that reduction of the methyl group to methane involves novel methyltransferases and a coenzyme F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system that generates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis not previously described for pathways reducing CO2 to methane. Biochemical assays support a role for the oxidoreductase, and transcriptional mapping identified an unusual operon structure encoding the oxidoreductase. The proteomic results further indicate that acetate is synthesized from the methyl group and CO by a reversal of initial steps in the pathway for conversion of acetate to methane that yields ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. The results indicate that M. acetivorans utilizes a pathway distinct from all known CO2 reduction pathways for methane formation that reflects an adaptation to the marine environment. Finally, the pathway supports the basis for a recently proposed primitive CO-dependent energy-conservation cycle that drove and directed the early evolution of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lessner
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Microbial Structural Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 205 South Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Lingyun Li
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Qingbo Li
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Microbial Structural Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 205 South Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Tomas Rejtar
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Victor P. Andreev
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Matthew Reichlen
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Microbial Structural Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 205 South Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kevin Hill
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Microbial Structural Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 205 South Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802
| | - James J. Moran
- Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Barry L. Karger
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - James G. Ferry
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Microbial Structural Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 205 South Frear Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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17
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The anaerobic conversion of methanol under thermophilic conditions: pH and bicarbonate dependence. J Biosci Bioeng 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)80184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Kao CM, Chen SC, Liu JK. Development of a biobarrier for the remediation of PCE-contaminated aquifer. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 43:1071-1078. [PMID: 11368222 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The industrial solvent tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is among the most ubiquitous chlorinated compounds found in groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to develop a biobarrier system, which includes a peat layer to enhance the anaerobic reductive dechlorination of PCE in situ. Peat was used to supply primary substrate (electron donor) continuously. A laboratory-scale column experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this proposed system or PCE removal. This experiment was performed using a series of continuous-flow glass columns including a soil column, a peat column, followed by two consecutive soil columns. Anaerobic acclimated sludges were inoculated in all three soil columns to provide microbial consortia for PCE biodegradation. Simulated PCE-contaminated groundwater with a flow rate of 0.25 l/day was pumped into this system. Effluent samples from each column were analyzed for PCE and its degradation byproducts (trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene (ETH), and ethane). Results show that the decrease in PCE concentrations and production of PCE byproducts were observed over a 65-day operating period. Up to 98%, of PCE removal efficiency was obtained in this passive system. Results indicate that the continuously released organics from peat column enhanced PCE biotransformation. Thus, the developed biobarrier treatment scheme has the potential to be developed into a cost-effective in situ PCE-remediation technology, and can be utilized as an interim step to aid in system scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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19
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Peters V, Janssen P, Conrad R. Efficiency of hydrogen utilization during unitrophic and mixotrophic growth of Acetobacterium woodii on hydrogen and lactate in the chemostat. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Yamaguchi M, Minami K. Production of acetic acid from methanol by thermophilic Methanosarcina sp.: Acetate production as an index in abnormal methane fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(98)80121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Conrad R. Soil microorganisms as controllers of atmospheric trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, OCS, N2O, and NO). Microbiol Rev 1996; 60:609-40. [PMID: 8987358 PMCID: PMC239458 DOI: 10.1128/mr.60.4.609-640.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Production and consumption processes in soils contribute to the global cycles of many trace gases (CH4, CO, OCS, H2, N2O, and NO) that are relevant for atmospheric chemistry and climate. Soil microbial processes contribute substantially to the budgets of atmospheric trace gases. The flux of trace gases between soil and atmosphere is usually the result of simultaneously operating production and consumption processes in soil: The relevant processes are not yet proven with absolute certainty, but the following are likely for trace gas consumption: H2 oxidation by abiontic soil enzymes; CO cooxidation by the ammonium monooxygenase of nitrifying bacteria; CH4 oxidation by unknown methanotrophic bacteria that utilize CH4 for growth; OCS hydrolysis by bacteria containing carbonic anhydrase; N2O reduction to N2 by denitrifying bacteria; NO consumption by either reduction to N2O in denitrifiers or oxidation to nitrate in heterotrophic bacteria. Wetland soils, in contrast to upland soils are generally anoxic and thus support the production of trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, N2O, and NO) by anaerobic bacteria such as fermenters, methanogens, acetogens, sulfate reducers, and denitrifiers. Methane is the dominant gaseous product of anaerobic degradation of organic matter and is released into the atmosphere, whereas the other trace gases are only intermediates, which are mostly cycled within the anoxic habitat. A significant percentage of the produced methane is oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria at anoxic-oxic interfaces such as the soil surface and the root surface of aquatic plants that serve as conduits for O2 transport into and CH4 transport out of the wetland soils. The dominant production processes in upland soils are different from those in wetland soils and include H2 production by biological N2 fixation, CO production by chemical decomposition of soil organic matter, and NO and N2O production by nitrification and denitrification. The processes responsible for CH4 production in upland soils are completely unclear, as are the OCS production processes in general. A problem for future research is the attribution of trace gas metabolic processes not only to functional groups of microorganisms but also to particular taxa. Thus, it is completely unclear how important microbial diversity is for the control of trace gas flux at the ecosystem level. However, different microbial communities may be part of the reason for differences in trace gas metabolism, e.g., effects of nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 uptake by soil; decrease of CH4 production with decreasing temperature; or different rates and modes of NO and N2O production in different soils and under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Conrad
- Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Evaluation of a model for the effects of substrate interactions on the kinetics of reductive dehalogenation. Biodegradation 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00056558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Wrenn BA, Rittmann BE. A model for the effects of primary substrates on the kinetics of reductive dehalogenation. Biodegradation 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00695260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Smith MH, Woods SL. Regiospecificity of Chlorophenol Reductive Dechlorination by Vitamin B
12s. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:4111-5. [PMID: 16349438 PMCID: PMC201944 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.11.4111-4115.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B
12
, reduced by titanium (III) citrate to vitamin B
12s
, catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols. Reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol and of all tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol isomers was observed. Reaction of various chlorophenols with vitamin B
12
favored reductive dechlorination at positions adjacent to another chlorinated carbon, but chlorines
ortho
to the hydroxyl group of a phenol were particularly resistant to reductive dechlorination, even if they were also
ortho
to a chlorine. This resulted in a reductive dechlorination pattern favoring removal of
para
and
meta
chlorines, which differs substantially from the pattern exhibited by anaerobic microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Smith
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2302
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25
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Smith MH, Woods SL. Comparison of Reactors for Oxygen-Sensitive Reactions: Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorophenols by Vitamin B
12s. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:4107-10. [PMID: 16349437 PMCID: PMC201943 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.11.4107-4110.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum bottles are frequently used for studies of reductive dechlorination by vitamin B
12
, but reducing conditions can be maintained only for several days. This time period is inadequate for evaluating the reductive dechlorination of some slow-reacting aromatic compounds. Sealed glass ampoules maintain reducing conditions for many months, but this method has the disadvantage of disallowing subsampling of the reaction mixture. A glass serum tube was modified for these experiments which not only maintained anoxic conditions for several days but also allowed subsamples to be removed during experiments. The modification was a restriction placed in the middle of the tube by heating in a flame, creating two chambers separated by a narrow neck. The lower chamber contained the oxygen-sensitive reaction mixture. The upper chamber, sealed with a septum and screw cap, was purged with purified nitrogen or argon introduced and vented through fused silica capillaries. Reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols by vitamin B
12
reduced with Ti(III) citrate was monitored in all three reactor types. Sealed ampoules maintained reducing conditions for up to 12 months. The two-chambered reactor maintained reducing conditions longer than the serum vials when frequent samples were taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Smith
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2302
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26
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Lowe SE, Jain MK, Zeikus JG. Biology, ecology, and biotechnological applications of anaerobic bacteria adapted to environmental stresses in temperature, pH, salinity, or substrates. Microbiol Rev 1993; 57:451-509. [PMID: 8336675 PMCID: PMC372919 DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.2.451-509.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria include diverse species that can grow at environmental extremes of temperature, pH, salinity, substrate toxicity, or available free energy. The first evolved archaebacterial and eubacterial species appear to have been anaerobes adapted to high temperatures. Thermoanaerobes and their stable enzymes have served as model systems for basic and applied studies of microbial cellulose and starch degradation, methanogenesis, ethanologenesis, acetogenesis, autotrophic CO2 fixation, saccharidases, hydrogenases, and alcohol dehydrogenases. Anaerobes, unlike aerobes, appear to have evolved more energy-conserving mechanisms for physiological adaptation to environmental stresses such as novel enzyme activities and stabilities and novel membrane lipid compositions and functions. Anaerobic syntrophs do not have similar aerobic bacterial counterparts. The metabolic end products of syntrophs are potent thermodynamic inhibitors of energy conservation mechanisms, and they require coordinated consumption by a second partner organism for species growth. Anaerobes adapted to environmental stresses and their enzymes have biotechnological applications in organic waste treatment systems and chemical and fuel production systems based on biomass-derived substrates or syngas. These kinds of anaerobes have only recently been examined by biologists, and considerably more study is required before they are fully appreciated by science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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27
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Grethlein AJ, Jain MK. Bioprocessing of coal-derived synthesis gases by anaerobic bacteria. Trends Biotechnol 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(92)90290-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Jetten MS, Hagen WR, Pierik AJ, Stams AJ, Zehnder AJ. Paramagnetic centers and acetyl-coenzyme A/CO exchange activity of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Methanothrix soehngenii. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 195:385-91. [PMID: 1847679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase was purified, both aerobically and anaerobically, to apparent homogeneity from Methanothrix soehngenii. The enzyme contained 18 +/- 2 (n = 6) mol Fe/mol and 2.0 +/- 0.1 (n = 6) mol Ni/mol. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the aerobically purified CO dehydrogenase showed one sharp EPR signal at g = 2.014 with several characteristics of a [3Fe-4S]1+ cluster. The integrated intensity of this signal was low, 0.03 S = 1/2 spin/alpha beta dimer. The 3Fe spectrum was not affected by incubation with CO or acetyl-coenzyme A, but could be reduced by dithionite. The spectrum of the reduced, aerobically purified enzyme showed complex EPR spectra, which had several properties typical of two [4Fe-4S]1+ clusters, whose S = 1/2 spins weakly interacted by dipolar coupling. The integrated intensity was 0.1-0.2 spin/alpha beta dimer. The anaerobically isolated enzyme showed EPR spectra different from the reduced aerobically purified enzyme. Two major signals were apparent. One with g values of 2.05, 1.93 and 1.865, and an Em7.5 of -410 mV, which quantified to 0.9 S = 1/2 spin/alpha beta dimer. The other signal with g values of 1.997, 1.886 and 1.725, and an Em7.5 of -230 mV gave 0.1 spin/alpha beta dimer. When the enzyme was incubated with its physiological substrate acetyl-coenzyme A, these two major signals disappeared. Incubation of the enzyme under CO atmosphere resulted in a partial disappearance of the spectral component with g = 1.997, 1.886, 1.725. Acetyl-coenzyme A/CO exchange activity, 35 nmol.min-1.mg-1 protein, which corresponded to 7 mol CO exchanged min-1 mol-1 enzyme, could be detected in anaerobic enzyme preparations, but was absent in aerobic preparations. Carbon dioxide also exchanged with C-1 of acetyl-coenzyme A, but at a much lower rate than CO and to a much lower extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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29
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Grethlein AJ, Worden R, Jain MK, Datta R. Evidence for production of n-butanol from carbon monoxide by Butyribacterium methylotrophicum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(91)90147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Switzenbaum MS, Giraldo-Gomez E, Hickey RF. Monitoring of the anaerobic methane fermentation process. Enzyme Microb Technol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(90)90142-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Daniel SL, Hsu T, Dean SI, Drake HL. Characterization of the H2- and CO-dependent chemolithotrophic potentials of the acetogens Clostridium thermoaceticum and Acetogenium kivui. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:4464-71. [PMID: 2376565 PMCID: PMC213276 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.8.4464-4471.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Clostridium thermoaceticum were tested for H2- and CO-dependent growth in a defined medium containing metals, minerals, vitamins, cysteine-sulfide, CO2-bicarbonate, and H2 or CO. Ten of the thirteen strains tested grew at the expense of H2 and CO, and C. thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 was chosen for further study. The doubling times for H2- and CO-dependent growth under chemolithotrophic conditions (the defined medium with nicotinic acid as sole essential vitamin and sulfide as sole reducer) were 25 and 10 h, respectively. Product stiochiometries for chemolithotrophic cultures approximated: 4.1H2 + 2.4CO2----CH3COOH + 0.1 cell C + 0.3 unrecovered C and 6.8CO----CH3COOH + 3.5CO2 + 0.4 cell C + 0.9 unrecovered C. H2-dependent growth produced significantly higher acetate concentrations per unit of biomass synthesized than did CO- or glucose-dependent growth. In contrast, the doubling time for H2-dependent growth under chemolithotrophic conditions (the defined medium without vitamins and sulfide as sole reducer) by Acetogenium kivui ATCC 33488 was 2.7 h; as a sole energy source, CO was not growth supportive for A. kivui. The YH2 values for A. kivui and C. thermoaceticum were 0.91 and 0.46 g of cell dry weight per mol of H2 consumed, respectively; the YCO value for C. thermoaceticum was 1.28 g of cell dry weight per mol of CO consumed. The specific activities of hydrogenase and CO dehydrogenase in both acetogens were influenced by the energy source utilized for growth and were significantly lower in C. thermoaceticum than in A. kivui. With extracts of H2-cultivated cells and benzyl viologen as electron acceptor, the Vmax values for hydrogenase from C. thermoaceticum and A. kivui were 155.7 and 1,670 micromoles of H2 oxidized per min mg of protein, respectively; the Vmax values for CO dehydrogenase from C. thermoaceticum and A. kivui were 90.6 and 2,973 micromoles of CO oxidized per min per mg of protein, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University 38677
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32
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33
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Koesnandar A, Nishio N, Nagai S. Stimulation by cysteine on growth of Clostridium thermoaceticum in minimal medium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Krzycki JA, Prince RC. EPR observation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, methylreductase and corrinoid in intact Methanosarcina barkeri during methanogenesis from acetate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90215-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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36
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Heijthuijsen JHFG, Hansen TA. Selection of sulphur sources for the growth of Butyribacterium methylotrophicum and Acetobacterium woodii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00165886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Macario AJ, Earle JF, Chynoweth DP, Macario ECD. Distinctive Patterns of Methanogenic Flora Determined with Antibody Probes in Anaerobic Digestors of Different Characteristics Operated Under Controlled Conditions. Syst Appl Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(89)80017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Saeki K, Jain MK, Shen GJ, Prince RC, Zeikus JG. Purification and properties of ferredoxin and rubredoxin from Butyribacterium methylotrophicum. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:4736-41. [PMID: 2548997 PMCID: PMC210274 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.9.4736-4741.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A ferredoxin and a rubredoxin from Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, which displays a carbonyl-dependent acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The two electron carriers showed absorption spectra similar to those in Clostridium species. The ferredoxin displayed absorption peaks at 280 and 391 nm, while rubredoxin displayed absorption peaks at 279, 382, and 482 nm. Minimum molecular weights calculated from the respective amino acid compositions were 5,727 for ferredoxin and 5,488 for rubredoxin, excluding iron and inorganic sulfur atoms. Both electron carriers were isolated as monomers, according to gel-filtration data. Electron spin resonance analysis revealed that the ferredoxin was a 2[4Fe-4S]-type and that both clusters had a midpoint redox potential value of -410 mV, whereas rubredoxin contained one acid-stable iron and had a redox value of -40 mV. The coupling of these electron carriers to hydrogenase and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activities was investigated. Rubredoxin showed higher activity towards carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, whereas ferredoxin showed higher activity towards hydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saeki
- Michigan Biotechnology Institute, Lansing 48909
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39
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Freedman DL, Gossett JM. Biological reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene to ethylene under methanogenic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:2144-51. [PMID: 2552919 PMCID: PMC203047 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.9.2144-2151.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A biological process for remediation of groundwater contaminated with tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) can only be applied if the transformation products are environmentally acceptable. Studies with enrichment cultures of PCE- and TCE-degrading microorganisms provide evidence that, under methanogenic conditions, mixed cultures are able to completely dechlorinate PCE and TCE to ethylene, a product which is environmentally acceptable. Radiotracer studies with [14C]PCE indicated that [14C]ethylene was the terminal product; significant conversion to 14CO2 or 14CH4 was not observed. The rate-limiting step in the pathway appeared to be conversion of vinyl chloride to ethylene. To sustain reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE, it was necessary to supply an electron donor; methanol was the most effective, although hydrogen, formate, acetate, and glucose also served. Studies with the inhibitor 2-bromoethanesulfonate suggested that methanogens played a key role in the observed biotransformations of PCE and TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Freedman
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-3501
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40
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Bonam D, Lehman L, Roberts GP, Ludden PW. Regulation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and hydrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum: effects of CO and oxygen on synthesis and activity. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:3102-7. [PMID: 2498285 PMCID: PMC210021 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.6.3102-3107.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum to carbon monoxide led to increased carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and hydrogenase activities due to de novo protein synthesis of both enzymes. Two-dimensional gels of [35S]methionine-pulse-labeled cells showed that induction of CO dehydrogenase synthesis was rapidly initiated (less than 5 min upon exposure to CO) and was inhibited by oxygen. Both CO dehydrogenase and the CO-induced hydrogenase were inactivated by oxygen in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to CO dehydrogenase, the CO-induced hydrogenase was 95% inactivated by heating at 70 degrees C for 5 min. Unlike other hydrogenases, this CO-induced hydrogenase was inhibited only 60% by a 100% CO gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bonam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706-1569
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41
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Paramagnetic centers of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from aceticlastic Methanosarcina barkeri. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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42
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Yamaguchi M, Minami K, Tanimoto Y, Okamura K. Effects of volatile fatty acids on methanogenesis of methanol and of pregrowth with methanol on acetate utilization by methanogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(89)90099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Butyrate production from carbon monoxide byButyribacterium methylotrophicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02936517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Acetyl-CoA pathway of autotrophic growth. Identification of the methyl-binding site of the CO dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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45
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Kräutler B, Kohler HP, Stupperich E. 5'-Methylbenzimidazolyl-cobamides are the corrinoids from some sulfate-reducing and sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 176:461-9. [PMID: 3416881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobacterium autotrophicum, Desulfobulbus propionicus and Archaeoglobus fulgidus (VC-16) and the sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria Desulfurolobus ambivalens and Thermoplasma acidophilum were found to contain considerable amounts of corrinoids, that were isolated and crystallized in their Co beta-cyano form. In three other sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria, Thermoproteus neutrophilus, Pyrodictium occultum and Staphylothermus marinus significant amounts of corrinoids were not detected under the isolation methods used. The samples from the three sulfate-reducers were identified with Co alpha-[alpha-(5'-methylbenzimidazolyl)]-Co beta-cyanocobamide. This corrinoid was also obtained from a 5-methylbenzimidazole-supplemented Propionibacterium fermentation and was structurally characterized by ultraviolet/visible, CD, fast-atom-bombardment MS, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Also the major corrinoid from T. acidophilum was (tentatively) analyzed as a 5'-methylbenzimidazolyl-cobamide, whereas the main corrinoid from D. ambivalens was indicated to be vitamin B12 (a 5',6'-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-cobamide). The 5'-methylbenzimidazolylcobamides are found here as the common corrins of some sulfate-reducing and sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. The structural diversity due to the differing nucleotide bases of the corrins examined here and in methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria appears not to correlate to the biological function(s) of the corrins, but rather to be determined by biosynthetic properties of these organisms under natural growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kräutler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der ETH, ETH-Zürich, Switzerland
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46
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47
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Danson MJ. Archaebacteria: the comparative enzymology of their central metabolic pathways. Adv Microb Physiol 1988; 29:165-231. [PMID: 3132816 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Danson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, England
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48
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Kerby R, Zeikus JG. Catabolic enzymes of the acetogen Butyribacterium methylotrophicum grown on single-carbon substrates. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:5605-9. [PMID: 3316188 PMCID: PMC214000 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5605-5609.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When grown on formate, formate-CO, and methanol-CO, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum contained high levels of tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) and required enzymes, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and hydrogenase. The activities of methylene-H4folate reductase were comparable to other H4 folate activities (which ranged from 0.55 to 9.28 mumol/min per mg of protein) when measured by an improved procedure. The H4folate activities in formate-grown cells were twice those found in formate-CO-grown cells. This result correlated with a growth yield on formate that was one-half that on formate-CO. The stoichiometry of the formyl-H4folate synthetase reaction was 1 mol of ATP per 1 mol of formate. The methylene-H4folate dehydrogenase was NAD+ dependent. We conclude that B. methylotrophicum utilizes these enzymes in homoacetogenic catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kerby
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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49
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Kemmer JM, Krzycki JA, Prince RC, Zeikus J. Spectroscopic and enzymatic evidence for membrane-bound electron transport carriers and hydrogenase and their relation to cytochromebfunction inMethanosarcina barkeri. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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50
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Isolation and characterization of a carbon monoxide utilizing strain of the acetogen Peptostreptococcus productus. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00456709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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