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Baek JH, Yun HS, Kwon GT, Kim JY, Lee CW, Song JY, Um HD, Kang CM, Park JK, Kim JS, Kim EH, Hwang SG. PLOD3 promotes lung metastasis via regulation of STAT3. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1138. [PMID: 30442941 PMCID: PMC6237925 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD3), a membrane-bound homodimeric enzyme, hydroxylates lysyl residues in collagen-like peptides; however, its role in lung cancer is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of PLOD3 as a pro-metastatic factor and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. First, we experimentally confirmed the release of PLOD3 in circulation in animal models, rendering it a potential serum biomarker for lung cancer in humans. Thereafter, we investigated the effects of PLOD3 overexpression and downregulation on cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, using human lung cancer cell lines and a mouse tumor xenograft model, respectively. Further, PLOD3 levels were determined in lung tissue samples from lung cancer patients. Functional analyses revealed that PLOD3 interacts with STAT3, thereby expressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and with urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) to enhance tumor metastasis. PLOD3 and the STAT3 pathway were significantly correlated in the metastatic foci of lung cancer patients; PLOD3–STAT3 levels were highly correlated with a poor prognosis. These results indicate that PLOD3 promotes lung cancer metastasis in a RAS-MAP kinase pathway-independent manner. Therefore, secreted PLOD3 serves as a potent inducer of lung cancer metastasis and a potential therapeutic target to enhance survival in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Hong Shik Yun
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea.
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Korea.
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2
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Gilkes D, Bajpai S, Wong CCL, Chaturvedi P, Hubbi ME, Wirtz D, Semenza GL. Procollagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 is essential for hypoxia-induced breast cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:456-66. [PMID: 23378577 PMCID: PMC3656974 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients who have breast cancer. Understanding the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the metastatic process may lead to the development of improved therapies to treat patients with cancer. Intratumoral hypoxia, found in the majority of breast cancers, is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and mortality. We found that in hypoxic breast cancer cells, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates transcription of the PLOD1 and PLOD2 genes encoding procollagen lysyl hydroxylases that are required for the biogenesis of collagen, which is a major constituent of the ECM. High PLOD2 expression in breast cancer biopsies is associated with increased risk of mortality. We show that PLOD2 is critical for fibrillar collagen formation by breast cancer cells, increases tumor stiffness, and is required for metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gilkes
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Saumendra Bajpai
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pallavi Chaturvedi
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maimon E. Hubbi
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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3
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Gilkes DM, Bajpai S, Chaturvedi P, Wirtz D, Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) promotes extracellular matrix remodeling under hypoxic conditions by inducing P4HA1, P4HA2, and PLOD2 expression in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10819-29. [PMID: 23423382 PMCID: PMC3624462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.442939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, organization, and compliance provide both architectural and chemical cues that modulate tissue structure and function. ECM produced by stromal fibroblasts plays a key role in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, which are also stimulated by intratumoral hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a critical regulator of ECM remodeling by fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1 activates expression of genes encoding collagen prolyl (P4HA1 and P4HA2) and lysyl (PLOD2) hydroxylases. P4HA1 and P4HA2 are required for collagen deposition, whereas PLOD2 is required for ECM stiffening and collagen fiber alignment. Together P4HA1, P4HA2, and PLOD2 mediate remodeling of ECM composition, alignment, and mechanical properties in response to hypoxia. HIF-1-dependent ECM remodeling by hypoxic fibroblasts induces changes in breast cancer cell morphology, adhesion, and motility that promote invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele M. Gilkes
- From the Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans, Institute of Genetic Medicine, and
- the Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences, Oncology Center, and
| | - Saumendra Bajpai
- the Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences, Oncology Center, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Pallavi Chaturvedi
- From the Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans, Institute of Genetic Medicine, and
| | - Denis Wirtz
- the Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences, Oncology Center, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- From the Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans, Institute of Genetic Medicine, and
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oncology, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
- the Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences, Oncology Center, and
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Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding collagen VI (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) cause Bethlem myopathy (BM) and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), two conditions which were previously believed to be completely separate entities. BM is a relatively mild dominantly inherited disorder characterised by proximal weakness and distal joint contractures. UCMD was originally described as an autosomal recessive condition causing severe muscle weakness with proximal joint contractures and distal hyperlaxity. Here we review the clinical phenotypes of BM and UCMD and their diagnosis and management, and provide an overview of the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of collagen VI related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lampe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ.
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Hammami-Hauasli N, Schumann H, Raghunath M, Kilgus O, Lüthi U, Luger T, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Some, but not all, glycine substitution mutations in COL7A1 result in intracellular accumulation of collagen VII, loss of anchoring fibrils, and skin blistering. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:19228-34. [PMID: 9668111 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.30.19228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
COL7A1 gene mutations cause dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a skin blistering disorder. The phenotypes result from defects of collagen VII, the major component of the anchoring fibrils at the dermo-epidermal junction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypes remain elusive. We investigated naturally occurring COL7A1 mutations and showed that some, but not all, glycine substitutions in collagen VII interfered with biosynthesis of the protein in a dominant-negative manner. Three point mutations in exon 73 caused glycine substitutions G2006D, G2034R, and G2015E in the triple helical domain of collagen VII and interfered with its folding and secretion. Confocal laser scanning studies and semiquantitative immunoblotting determined that dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa keratinocytes retained up to 2.5-fold more procollagen VII within the rough endoplasmic reticulum than controls. Limited proteolytic digestions of mutant procollagen VII produced aberrant fragments and revealed reduced stability of the triple helix. In contrast, the glycine substitution G1519D in another segment of the triple helix affected neither procollagen VII secretion nor anchoring fibril function and remained phenotypically silent. These data demonstrate that collagen VII presents a remarkable exception among collagens in that not all glycine substitutions within the triple helix exert dominant-negative interference and that the biological consequences of the substitutions probably depend on their position within the triple helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hammami-Hauasli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Jöbsis GJ, Keizers H, Vreijling JP, de Visser M, Speer MC, Wolterman RA, Baas F, Bolhuis PA. Type VI collagen mutations in Bethlem myopathy, an autosomal dominant myopathy with contractures. Nat Genet 1996; 14:113-5. [PMID: 8782832 DOI: 10.1038/ng0996-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the diverse family of collagens, the widely expressed microfibrillar type VI collagen is believed to play a role in bridging cells with the extracellular matrix. Several observations imply substrate properties for cell attachment as well as association with major collagen fibers. Previously, we have established genetic linkage between the genes encoding the three constituent alpha-chains of type VI collagen and Bethlem myopathy. A distinctive feature of this autosomal dominant disorder consists of contractures of multiple joints in addition to generalized muscular weakness and wasting. Nine kindreds show genetic linkage to the COL6A1-COL6A2 cluster on chromosome 21q22.3 (refs 3,4; manuscript submitted) whereas one family shows linkage to markers on chromosome 2q37 close to COL6A3 (ref. 5). Sequence analysis in four families reveals a mutation in COL6A1 in one and a COL6A2 mutation in two other kindreds. Both mutations disrupt the Gly-X-Y motif of the triple helical domain by substitution of Gly for either Val or Ser. Analogous to the putative perturbation of the anchoring function of the dystrophin-associated complex in congenital muscular dystrophy with mutations in the alpha 2-subunit of laminin, our observations suggest a similar mechanism in Bethlem myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Jöbsis
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Mackay K, Raghunath M, Superti-Furga A, Steinmann B, Dalgleish R. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV caused by Gly400Glu, Gly595Cys and Gly1003Asp substitutions in collagen III: clinical features, biochemical screening, and molecular confirmation. Clin Genet 1996; 49:286-95. [PMID: 8884076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1996.tb03790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS IV) and biochemical evidence of structural defects in collagen III were investigated for mutations within the collagen III gene (COL3A1). Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of alpha 1 (III) cDNA indicated the presence of different heterozygous sequence changes in each of the patients. Nucleotide sequencing revealed mutations leading to the substitution of glycine 400 with glutamic acid, glycine 595 with cysteine, and glycine 1003 with aspartic acid. EDS IV is a life-threatening disorder which, as the clinical histories of our patients and their families show, still often escapes diagnosis. Biochemical and molecular studies can clarify the diagnosis and help provide appropriate management and counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mackay
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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