1
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Kirsebom LA, Liu F, McClain WH. The discovery of a catalytic RNA within RNase P and its legacy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107318. [PMID: 38677513 PMCID: PMC11143913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sidney Altman's discovery of the processing of one RNA by another RNA that acts like an enzyme was revolutionary in biology and the basis for his sharing the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Cech. These breakthrough findings support the key role of RNA in molecular evolution, where replicating RNAs (and similar chemical derivatives) either with or without peptides functioned in protocells during the early stages of life on Earth, an era referred to as the RNA world. Here, we cover the historical background highlighting the work of Altman and his colleagues and the subsequent efforts of other researchers to understand the biological function of RNase P and its catalytic RNA subunit and to employ it as a tool to downregulate gene expression. We primarily discuss bacterial RNase P-related studies but acknowledge that many groups have significantly contributed to our understanding of archaeal and eukaryotic RNase P, as reviewed in this special issue and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif A Kirsebom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fenyong Liu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - William H McClain
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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2
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Chen W, Xu H, Dai S, Wang J, Yang Z, Jin Y, Zou M, Xiao X, Wu T, Yan W, Zhang B, Lin Z, Zhao M. Detection of low-frequency mutations in clinical samples by increasing mutation abundance via the excision of wild-type sequences. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1602-1613. [PMID: 37500748 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of DNA-enrichment techniques is often insufficient to detect mutations that occur at low frequencies. Here we report a DNA-excision method for the detection of low-frequency mutations in genomic DNA and in circulating cell-free DNA at single-nucleotide resolution. The method is based on a competitive DNA-binding-and-digestion mechanism, effected by deoxyribonuclease I (DNase) guided by single-stranded phosphorothioated DNA (sgDNase), for the removal of wild-type DNA strands. The sgDNase can be designed against any wild-type DNA sequences, allowing for the uniform enrichment of all the mutations within the target-binding region of single-stranded phosphorothioated DNA at mild-temperature conditions. Pretreatment with sgDNase enriches all mutant strands with initial frequencies down to 0.01% and leads to high discrimination factors for all types of single-nucleotide mismatch in multiple sequence contexts, as we show for the identification of low-abundance mutations in samples of blood or tissue from patients with cancer. The method can be coupled with next-generation sequencing, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, fluorescent-probe-based assays and other mutation-detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenbin Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewen Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengbing Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tongbo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Zhengzhou University, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Jabbari A, Sameiyan E, Yaghoobi E, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM. Aptamer-based targeted delivery systems for cancer treatment using DNA origami and DNA nanostructures. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123448. [PMID: 37757957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of conventional cancer treatment methods, nanomedicine has appeared as a promising alternative, allowing improved drug targeting and decreased drug toxicity. In the development of cancer nanomedicines, among various nanoparticles (NPs), DNA nanostructures are more attractive because of their precisely controllable size, shape, excellent biocompatibility, programmability, biodegradability, and facile functionalization. Aptamers are introduced as single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules with recognize their corresponding targets. So, incorporating aptamers into DNA nanostructures led to influential vehicles for bioimaging and biosensing as well as targeted cancer therapy. In this review, the recent developments in the application of aptamer-based DNA origami and DNA nanostructures in advanced cancer treatment have been highlighted. Some of the main methods of cancer treatment are classified as chemo-, gene-, photodynamic- and combined therapy. Finally, the opportunities and problems for targeted DNA aptamer-based nanocarriers for medicinal applications have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Jabbari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Sameiyan
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Yaghoobi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Banerjee D, Tateishi-Karimata H, Toplishek M, Ohyama T, Ghosh S, Takahashi S, Trajkovski M, Plavec J, Sugimoto N. In-Cell Stability Prediction of RNA/DNA Hybrid Duplexes for Designing Oligonucleotides Aimed at Therapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23503-23518. [PMID: 37873979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In cells, the formation of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes regulates gene expression and modification. The environment inside cellular organelles is heterogeneously crowded with high concentrations of biomolecules that affect the structure and stability of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes. However, the detailed environmental effects remain unclear. Therefore, the mechanistic details of the effect of such molecular crowding were investigated at the molecular level by using thermodynamic and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, revealing structure-dependent destabilization of the duplexes under crowded conditions. The transition from B- to A-like hybrid duplexes due to a change in conformation of the DNA strand guided by purine-pyrimidine asymmetry significantly increased the hydration number, which resulted in greater destabilization by the addition of cosolutes. By quantifying the individual contributions of environmental factors and the bulk structure of the duplex, we developed a set of parameters that predict the stability of hybrid duplexes with conformational dissimilarities under diverse crowding conditions. A comparison of the effects of environmental conditions in living cells and in vitro crowded solutions on hybrid duplex formation using the Förster resonance energy transfer technique established the applicability of our parameters to living cells. Moreover, our derived parameters can be used to estimate the efficiency of transcriptional inhibition, genome editing, and silencing techniques in cells. This supports the usefulness of our parameters for the visualization of cellular mechanisms of gene expression and the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics targeting different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Banerjee
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisae Tateishi-Karimata
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maria Toplishek
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatsuya Ohyama
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Saptarshi Ghosh
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Takahashi
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Marko Trajkovski
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN → FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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5
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Cui Y, Zheng X, Shen C, Qian L, Dong H, Liu Q, Chen X, Yang Q, Zhang F, Wang D. Visual-Olfactory Synergistic Perception Based on Dual-Focus Imaging and a Bionic Learning Architecture. ACS Sens 2023; 8:71-79. [PMID: 36574494 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic interaction of vision and olfaction is critical for both natural and artificial intelligence systems to recognize and adapt to complex environments. However, current bioinspired systems with visual and olfactory sensations are mostly assembled with separate and heterogeneous sensors, inevitably leading to bulky systems and incompatible datasets. Here, we demonstrate on-chip integration of visual and olfactory sensations through a dual-focus imaging approach. By combining lens-based visual imaging and lensless colorimetric imaging, a target object and its odor fingerprint can be captured with a single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor imager, and the obtained multimodal images are analyzed with a bionic learning architecture for information fusion and perception. To demonstrate the capability of this system, we adapted it to food detection and achieved 100% accuracy in identifying meat freshness and category with a 10 s sampling time. In addition to the highly integrated sensor design, our approach exhibits superior accuracy and efficiency in object recognition, providing a promising approach for robotic sensing and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Cui
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Xubin Zheng
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Libin Qian
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Di Wang
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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6
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Sound-induced flash illusion is modulated by the depth of auditory stimuli: Evidence from younger and older adults. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022; 84:2040-2050. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Chen J, Liao S, Zhou H, Yang L, Guo F, Chen S, Li A, Pan Q, Yang C, Liu HF, Pan Q. Humanized Mouse Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816956. [PMID: 35116040 PMCID: PMC8804209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have played a crucial role in the understanding of the mechanisms and treatments of human diseases; however, owing to the large differences in genetic background and disease-specific characteristics, animal models cannot fully simulate the occurrence and progression of human diseases. Recently, humanized immune system mice, based on immunodeficient mice, have been developed that allow for the partial reconstruction of the human immune system and mimic the human in vivo microenvironment. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to autoantigens, overproduction of autoantibodies, and inflammation in multiple organ systems. The detailed immunological events that trigger the onset of clinical manifestations in patients with SLE are still not well known. Two methods have been adopted for the development of humanized SLE mice. They include transferring peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE to immunodeficient mice or transferring human hematopoietic stem cells to immunodeficient mice followed by intraperitoneal injection with pristane to induce lupus. However, there are still several challenges to be overcome, such as how to improve the efficiency of reconstruction of the human B cell immune response, how to extend the lifespan and improve the survival rate of mice to extend the observation period, and how to improve the development of standardized commercialized models and use them. In summary, there are opportunities and challenges for the development of humanized mouse models of SLE, which will provide novel strategies for understanding the mechanisms and treatments of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lawei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Aifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quanren Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-feng Liu, ; Qingjun Pan,
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-feng Liu, ; Qingjun Pan,
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8
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Zhou H, Tang W, Yang J, Peng J, Guo J, Fan C. MicroRNA-Related Strategies to Improve Cardiac Function in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773083. [PMID: 34869689 PMCID: PMC8639862 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) describes a group of manifestations caused by the failure of heart function as a pump that supports blood flow through the body. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as one type of non-coding RNA molecule, have crucial roles in the etiology of HF. Accordingly, miRNAs related to HF may represent potential novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we first discuss the different roles of miRNAs in the development and diseases of the heart. We then outline commonly used miRNA chemical modifications and delivery systems. Further, we summarize the opportunities and challenges for HF-related miRNA therapeutics targets, and discuss the first clinical trial of an antisense drug (CDR132L) in patients with HF. Finally, we outline current and future challenges and potential new directions for miRNA-based therapeutics for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Changsha, China
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9
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Pandey M, Ojha D, Bansal S, Rode AB, Chawla G. From bench side to clinic: Potential and challenges of RNA vaccines and therapeutics in infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101003. [PMID: 34332771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional and structural versatility of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) makes them ideal candidates for overcoming the limitations imposed by small molecule-based drugs. Hence, RNA-based biopharmaceuticals such as messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA mimics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), aptamers, riboswitches, and CRISPR-Cas9 are emerging as vital tools for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Some of the major challenges to overcome in the area of RNA-based therapeutics have been the instability of single-stranded RNAs, delivery to the diseased cell, and immunogenicity. However, recent advancements in the delivery systems of in vitro transcribed mRNA and chemical modifications for protection against nucleases and reducing the toxicity of RNA have facilitated the entry of several exogenous RNAs into clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA-based vaccines and therapeutics, their production, delivery, current advancements, and future translational potential in treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pandey
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Divya Ojha
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Ambadas B Rode
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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10
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Veigl SJ. Small RNA research and the scientific repertoire: a tale about biochemistry and genetics, crops and worms, development and disease. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:30. [PMID: 33624250 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference in 1998 has made a lasting impact on biological research. Identifying the regulatory role of small RNAs changed the modes of molecular biological inquiry as well as biologists' understanding of genetic regulation. This article examines the early years of small RNA biology's success story. I query which factors had to come together so that small RNA research came into life in the blink of an eye. I primarily look at scientific repertoires as facilitators of rapid scientific change. I show that for a short period of time, between the years 1998 and 2002, different model organism communities, investigative strategies, technological innovations, and research interests could be successfully aligned to take small RNA research off the ground. I discuss how the keystone discoveries were situated in specific experimental traditions and what strategies were employed to establish these discoveries as more general phenomena. Providing thus a practice-based approach of rapid scientific change, I ask how to relate the change in propositional bits of scientific knowledge with changes in scientific practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Juliane Veigl
- Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Zhu M, Wang S. Functional Nucleic‐Acid‐Decorated Spherical Nanoparticles: Preparation Strategies and Current Applications in Cancer Therapy. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University No. 932 South Lushan Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University No. 932 South Lushan Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China
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12
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Banerjee D, Tateishi-Karimata H, Ohyama T, Ghosh S, Endoh T, Takahashi S, Sugimoto N. Improved nearest-neighbor parameters for the stability of RNA/DNA hybrids under a physiological condition. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12042-12054. [PMID: 32663294 PMCID: PMC7708073 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of Watson–Crick paired RNA/DNA hybrids is important for designing optimal oligonucleotides for ASO (Antisense Oligonucleotide) and CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)–Cas9 techniques. Previous nearest-neighbour (NN) parameters for predicting hybrid stability in a 1 M NaCl solution, however, may not be applicable for predicting stability at salt concentrations closer to physiological condition (e.g. ∼100 mM Na+ or K+ in the presence or absence of Mg2+). Herein, we report measured thermodynamic parameters of 38 RNA/DNA hybrids at 100 mM NaCl and derive new NN parameters to predict duplex stability. Predicted ΔG°37 and Tm values based on the established NN parameters agreed well with the measured values with 2.9% and 1.1°C deviations, respectively. The new results can also be used to make precise predictions for duplexes formed in 100 mM KCl or 100 mM NaCl in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, which can mimic an intracellular and extracellular salt condition, respectively. Comparisons of the predicted thermodynamic parameters with published data using ASO and CRISPR–Cas9 may allow designing shorter oligonucleotides for these techniques that will diminish the probability of non-specific binding and also improve the efficiency of target gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Banerjee
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisae Tateishi-Karimata
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohyama
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Saptarshi Ghosh
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tamaki Endoh
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Takahashi
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,FIRST (Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Lv J, Dong Y, Gu Z, Yang D. Programmable DNA Nanoflowers for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Therapeutics. Chemistry 2020; 26:14512-14524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Lv
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology Key Laboratory of, Systems Bioengineering (MOE) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology Key Laboratory of, Systems Bioengineering (MOE) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology Key Laboratory of, Systems Bioengineering (MOE) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
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14
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Ramasamy T, Munusamy S, Ruttala HB, Kim JO. Smart Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e1900408. [PMID: 32702191 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies are promising therapeutics for the treatment of several systemic disorders, and they offer an exciting opportunity to address emerging biological challenges. The scope of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in the treatment of multiple disease states including cancers has been widened by recent progress in Ribonucleic acids (RNA) biology. However, cascades of systemic and intracellular barriers, including rapid degradation, renal clearance, and poor cellular uptake, hinder the clinical effectiveness of nucleic acid-based therapies. These barriers can be circumvented by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers that efficiently deliver and release the encapsulated nucleic acids into the target tissues. This review describes the current status of clinical trials on nucleic acid-based therapeutics and highlights representative examples that provide an overview on the current and emerging trends in nucleic acid-based therapies. A better understanding of the design of advanced nanocarriers is essential to promote the translation of therapeutic nucleic acids into a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruganesh Ramasamy
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Hima Bindu Ruttala
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zhang J, He M, Nie C, He M, Pan Q, Liu C, Hu Y, Chen T, Chu X. Biomineralized metal-organic framework nanoparticles enable a primer exchange reaction-based DNA machine to work in living cells for imaging and gene therapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7092-7101. [PMID: 33250978 PMCID: PMC7690219 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive tumor imaging and precise tumor therapy play critical roles in the cancer combat. Herein, we build a DNA machine based on a primer exchange reaction (PER) for mRNA imaging and gene therapy. By using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) to co-deliver the components including a primer, hairpin and strand displacing polymerase to the living cells, the PER-based DNA machine can be initiated by intracellular survivin mRNA and continuously produce Bcl-2 antisense DNA (ASD), which enables the DNA machine not only to image survivin mRNA but also to implement gene therapy. The results demonstrate that ZIF-8 NPs can protect the polymerases and nucleic acid probes from protease attack and nuclease degradation. After internalization, pH-responsive ZIF-8 NPs can efficiently release cargos from endo-lysosomes due to the protonation effect. The intracellular PER-based DNA machine has been demonstrated to be able to sensitively image survivin mRNA expression levels and selectively kill the cancer cells and has no effect on the normal cells. The PER-based DNA machine may provide a promising platform for early stage tumor diagnosis and more precise tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Mengyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Cunpeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Manman He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Qingshan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanlei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
| | - Xia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China .
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16
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SARS-CoV-2 will constantly sweep its tracks: a vaccine containing CpG motifs in 'lasso' for the multi-faced virus. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:801-812. [PMID: 32656668 PMCID: PMC7354743 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the global ratio between the dead and the survivors is approximately 1 to 10, which has put humanity on high alert and provided strong motivation for the intensive search for vaccines and drugs. It is already clear that if we follow the most likely scenario, which is similar to that used to create seasonal influenza vaccines, then we will need to develop improved vaccine formulas every year to control the spread of the new, highly mutable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this article, using well-known RNA viruses (HIV, influenza viruses, HCV) as examples, we consider the main successes and failures in creating primarily highly effective vaccines. The experience accumulated dealing with the biology of zoonotic RNA viruses suggests that the fight against COVID-19 will be difficult and lengthy. The most effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will be those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral (memory B cells) and cellular (cross-reactive antiviral memory T cells) immunity. Unfortunately, RNA viruses constantly sweep their tracks and perhaps one of the most promising solutions in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is the creation of 'universal' vaccines based on conservative SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences (antigen-presenting) and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (adjuvant) in the composition of the phosphorothioate backbone of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ODN), which can be effective for long periods of use. Here, we propose a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a lasso-like phosphorothioate oligonucleotide construction containing CpG motifs and the antigen-presenting unique ACG-containing genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. We found that CpG dinucleotides are the most rare dinucleotides in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other known human coronaviruses, and hypothesized that their higher frequency could be responsible for the unwanted increased lethality to the host, causing a ‘cytokine storm’ in people who overexpress cytokines through the activation of specific Toll-like receptors in a manner similar to TLR9-CpG ODN interactions. Interestingly, the virus strains sequenced in China (Wuhan) in February 2020 contained on average one CpG dinucleotide more in their genome than the later strains from the USA (New York) sequenced in May 2020. Obviously, during the first steps of the microevolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, natural selection tends to select viral genomes containing fewer CpG motifs that do not trigger a strong innate immune response, so the infected person has moderate symptoms and spreads SARS-CoV-2 more readily. However, in our opinion, unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are also capable of preparing the host immune system for the coronavirus infection and should be present in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as strong adjuvants.
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Ong W, Pinese C, Chew SY. Scaffold-mediated sequential drug/gene delivery to promote nerve regeneration and remyelination following traumatic nerve injuries. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:19-48. [PMID: 30910595 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue regeneration following traumatic injuries is often subpar. As a result, the field of neural tissue engineering has evolved to find therapeutic interventions and has seen promising outcomes. However, robust nerve and myelin regeneration remain elusive. One possible reason may be the fact that tissue regeneration often follows a complex sequence of events in a temporally-controlled manner. Although several other fields of tissue engineering have begun to recognise the importance of delivering two or more biomolecules sequentially for more complete tissue regeneration, such serial delivery of biomolecules in neural tissue engineering remains limited. This review aims to highlight the need for sequential delivery to enhance nerve regeneration and remyelination after traumatic injuries in the central nervous system, using spinal cord injuries as an example. In addition, possible methods to attain temporally-controlled drug/gene delivery are also discussed for effective neural tissue regeneration.
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18
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Yuan Y, Gu Z, Yao C, Luo D, Yang D. Nucleic Acid-Based Functional Nanomaterials as Advanced Cancer Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900172. [PMID: 30972963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based functional nanomaterials (NAFN) have been widely used as emerging drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics. Considerable works have demonstrated that NAFN can effectively load and protect therapeutic agents, and particularly enable targeting delivery to the tumor site and stimuli-responsive release. These outstanding performances are due to NAFN's unique properties including inherent biological functions and sequence programmability as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this Review, the recent progress on NAFN as advanced cancer therapeutics is highlighted. Three main cancer therapy approaches are categorized including chemo-, immuno-, and gene-therapy. Examples are presented to show how NAFN are rationally and exquisitely designed to address problems in cancer therapy. The challenges and future development of NAFN are also discussed toward future more practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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19
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Nishio H, Masumoto H, Sakamoto K, Yamazaki K, Ikeda T, Minatoya K. MicroRNA-145-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles attenuate venous intimal hyperplasia in a rabbit model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:2242-2251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Deng Q, Liu Y, Li X, Yan B, Sun X, Tang W, Trang P, Yang Z, Gong H, Wang Y, Lu J, Chen J, Xia C, Xing X, Lu S, Liu F. Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus major capsid protein expression and replication by ribonuclease P-associated external guide sequences. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:645-655. [PMID: 30803999 PMCID: PMC6467005 DOI: 10.1261/rna.069682.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
External guide sequences (EGSs) signify the short RNAs that induce ribonuclease P (RNase P), an enzyme responsible for processing the 5' termini of tRNA, to specifically cleave a target mRNA by forming a precursor tRNA-like complex. Hence, the EGS technology may serve as a potential strategy for gene-targeting therapy. Our previous studies have revealed that engineered EGS variants induced RNase P to efficiently hydrolyze target mRNAs. In the present research, an EGS variant was designed to be complementary to the mRNA coding for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major capsid protein (MCP), which is vital to form the viral capsid. In vitro, the EGS variant was about 80-fold more efficient in inducing human RNase P-mediated cleavage of the target mRNA than a natural tRNA-derived EGS. Moreover, the expressed variant and natural tRNA-originated EGSs led to a decrease of MCP expression by 98% and 73%-74% and a decrease of viral growth by about 10,000- and 200-fold in cells infected with HCMV, respectively. These results reveal direct evidence that the engineered EGS variant has higher efficiency in blocking the expression of HCMV genes and viral growth than the natural tRNA-originated EGS. Therefore, our findings imply that the EGS variant can be a potent candidate agent for the treatment of infections caused by HCMV.
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MESH Headings
- Base Pairing
- Capsid Proteins/biosynthesis
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytomegalovirus/genetics
- Cytomegalovirus/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Targeting/methods
- Genetic Engineering/methods
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/virology
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA Cleavage
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Ser/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Ser/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Ser/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P/chemistry
- Ribonuclease P/genetics
- Ribonuclease P/metabolism
- Virus Replication/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Taizhou Institute of Virology, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Jiangsu Affynigen Biotechnolgies Inc, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
- Guangzhou Qinheli Biotechnolgies Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510600, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Phong Trang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhu Yang
- Taizhou Institute of Virology, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
- Jiangsu Affynigen Biotechnolgies Inc, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
- Guangzhou Qinheli Biotechnolgies Inc, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510600, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Jiangsu Affynigen Biotechnolgies Inc, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Taizhou Institute of Virology, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
- Jiangsu Affynigen Biotechnolgies Inc, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chuan Xia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Sangwei Lu
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fenyong Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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21
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Otabe T, Nagano K, Kawai G, Murata A, Nakatani K. Inhibition of pre-miRNA-136 processing by Dicer with small molecule BzDANP suggested the formation of ternary complex of pre-miR-136–BzDANP–Dicer. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2140-2148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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EnanDIM - a novel family of L-nucleotide-protected TLR9 agonists for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 30621769 PMCID: PMC6323716 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are potent activators of the immune system. Their clinical potential in immunotherapy against metastatic cancers is being evaluated across a number of clinical trials. TLR9 agonists are DNA-based molecules that contain several non-methylated CG-motifs for TLR9 recognition. Chemical modifications of DNA backbones are usually employed to prevent degradation by nucleases. These, however, can promote undesirable off-target effects and therapeutic restrictions. Methods Within the EnanDIM® family members of TLR9 agonists described here, D-deoxyribose nucleotides at the nuclease-accessible 3′-ends are replaced by nuclease-resistant L-deoxyribose nucleotides. EnanDIM® molecules with varying sequences were screened for their activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells based on secretion of IFN-alpha and IP-10 as well as activation of immune cells. Selected molecules were evaluated in mice in a maximum feasible dose study and for analysis of immune activation. The ability to modulate the tumor-microenvironment and anti-tumor responses after EnanDIM® administration was analyzed in syngeneic murine tumor models. Results The presence of L-deoxyribose containing nucleotides at their 3′-ends is sufficient to prevent EnanDIM® molecules from nucleolytic degradation. EnanDIM® molecules show broad immune activation targeting specific components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation was strictly dependent on the presence of CG-motifs, known to be recognized by TLR9. The absence of off-target effects may enable a wide therapeutic window. This advantageous anti-tumoral immune profile also promotes increased T cell infiltration into CT26 colon carcinoma tumors, which translates into reduced tumor growth. EnanDIM® molecules also drove regression of multiple other murine syngeneic tumors including MC38 colon carcinoma, B16 melanoma, A20 lymphoma, and EMT-6 breast cancer. In A20 and EMT-6, EnanDIM® immunotherapy cured a majority of mice and established persistent anti-tumor immune memory as evidenced by the complete immunity of these mice to subsequent tumor re-challenge. Conclusions In summary, EnanDIM® comprise a novel family of TLR9 agonists that facilitate an efficacious activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Their proven potential in onco-immunotherapy, as shown by cytotoxic activity, beneficial modulation of the tumor microenvironment, inhibition of tumor growth, and induction of long-lasting, tumor-specific memory, supports EnanDIM® molecules for further preclinical and clinical development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0470-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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23
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Li W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li R, Trang P, Tang W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Sun X, Xing X, Lu S, Liu F. Engineered RNase P Ribozymes Effectively Inhibit the Infection of Murine Cytomegalovirus in Animals. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5634-5644. [PMID: 30555569 PMCID: PMC6276291 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationales: Gene-targeting ribozymes represent promising nucleic acid-based gene interference agents for therapeutic application. We previously used an in vitro selection procedure to engineer novel RNase P-based ribozyme variants with enhanced targeting activity. However, it has not been reported whether these ribozyme variants also exhibit improved activity in blocking gene expression in animals. Methods and Results: In this report, R388-AS, a new engineered ribozyme variant, was designed to target the mRNA of assemblin (AS) of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), which is essential for viral progeny production. Variant R338-AS cleaved AS mRNA sequence in vitro at least 200 times more efficiently than ribozyme M1-AS, which originated from the wild type RNase P catalytic RNA sequence. In cultured MCMV-infected cells, R338-AS exhibited better antiviral activity than M1-AS and decreased viral AS expression by 98-99% and virus production by 15,000 fold. In MCMV-infected mice, R388-AS was more active in inhibiting AS expression, blocking viral replication, and improving animal survival than M1-AS. Conclusions: Our results provide the first direct evidence that novel engineered RNase P ribozyme variants with more active catalytic activity in vitro are also more effective in inhibiting viral gene expression in animals. Moreover, our studies imply the potential of engineering novel RNase P ribozyme variants with unique mutations to improve ribozyme activity for therapeutic application.
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24
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Yang J, Jiang Q, He L, Zhan P, Liu Q, Liu S, Fu M, Liu J, Li C, Ding B. Self-Assembled Double-Bundle DNA Tetrahedron for Efficient Antisense Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23693-23699. [PMID: 29963858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures are promising biomaterials capable of arranging multiple functional components with nanometer precision. Here, a double-bundle DNA tetrahedron is rationally designed to integrate with antisense oligonucleotides silencing proto-oncogene c-raf and nuclear targeting peptides. The functionalized DNA tetrahedron can be internalized by A549 cells and assists the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides toward the nucleus to increase the chance to downregulate target mRNA in nucleus and cytoplasm. Antisense strands released from the tetrahedron in response to the intracellular reducing environment can inhibit cell proliferation at a low concentration without transfection reagent. Finally, efficient knockdown of c-raf gene is observed, which verified our design. This designer DNA-based nanocarrier system will open a new avenue for efficient delivery of nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Pengfei Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Meifang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Can Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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25
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Oberemok VV, Laikova KV, Repetskaya AI, Kenyo IM, Gorlov MV, Kasich IN, Krasnodubets AM, Gal'chinsky NV, Fomochkina II, Zaitsev AS, Bekirova VV, Seidosmanova EE, Dydik KI, Meshcheryakova AO, Nazarov SA, Smagliy NN, Chelengerova EL, Kulanova AA, Deri K, Subbotkin MV, Useinov RZ, Shumskykh MN, Kubyshkin AV. A Half-Century History of Applications of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Medicine, Agriculture and Forestry: We Should Continue the Journey. Molecules 2018; 23:E1302. [PMID: 29844255 PMCID: PMC6099785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), short single-stranded polymers based on DNA or RNA chemistries and synthesized in vitro, regulate gene expression by binding in a sequence-specific manner to an RNA target. The functional activity and selectivity in the action of ASOs largely depends on the combination of nitrogenous bases in a target sequence. This simple and natural property of nucleic acids provides an attractive route by which scientists can create different ASO-based techniques. Over the last 50 years, planned and realized applications in the field of antisense and nucleic acid nanotechnologies have produced astonishing results and posed new challenges for further developments, exemplifying the essence of the post-genomic era. Today the majority of ASOs are chemically modified and/or incorporated within nanoparticles to enhance their stability and cellular uptake. This review critically analyzes some successful cases using the antisense approach in medicine to address severe diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, and suggests some prospective directions for future research. We also examine in detail the elaboration of unmodified insect-specific DNA insecticides and RNA preparations in the areas of agriculture and forestry, a relatively new branch of ASO that allows circumvention of the use of non-selective chemical insecticides. When considering the variety of successful ASO modifications with an efficient signal-to-noise ratio of action, coupled with the affordability of in vitro oligonucleotide synthesis and post-synthesis procedures, we predict that the next half-century will produce a fruitful yield of tools created from effective ASO-based end products.
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MESH Headings
- Agriculture/methods
- Animals
- Biological Control Agents/chemical synthesis
- Biological Control Agents/history
- Biological Control Agents/pharmacology
- DNA/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/metabolism
- Forestry/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/genetics
- Larva/metabolism
- Moths/drug effects
- Moths/genetics
- Moths/growth & development
- Moths/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neuromuscular Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neuromuscular Agents/history
- Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/chemical synthesis
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Oberemok
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Kateryna V Laikova
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Anna I Repetskaya
- Botanical Garden named after N.V. Bagrov, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 29500 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Igor M Kenyo
- Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Management of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 95492 Agrarnoye, Crimea.
| | - Mikhail V Gorlov
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor N Kasich
- Rostov State Medical University, Nakhchivan Lane 29, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| | - Alisa M Krasnodubets
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Nikita V Gal'chinsky
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Iryna I Fomochkina
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Aleksei S Zaitsev
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Viktoriya V Bekirova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Eleonora E Seidosmanova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Ksenia I Dydik
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Anna O Meshcheryakova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Sergey A Nazarov
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Natalya N Smagliy
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Edie L Chelengerova
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Alina A Kulanova
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Karim Deri
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Mikhail V Subbotkin
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Refat Z Useinov
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Maksym N Shumskykh
- Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - Anatoly V Kubyshkin
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea.
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Yoshida T, Naito Y, Sasaki K, Uchida E, Sato Y, Naito M, Kawanishi T, Obika S, Inoue T. Estimated number of off-target candidate sites for antisense oligonucleotides in human mRNA sequences. Genes Cells 2018; 23:448-455. [PMID: 29667281 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics are single-stranded oligonucleotides which bind to RNA through sequence-specific Watson-Crick base pairings. A unique mechanism of toxicity for ASOs is hybridization-dependent off-target effects that can potentially occur due to the binding of ASOs to complementary regions of unintended RNAs. To reduce the off-target effects of ASOs, it would be useful to know the approximate number of complementary regions of ASOs, or off-target candidate sites of ASOs, of a given oligonucleotide length and complementarity with their target RNAs. However, the theoretical number of complementary regions with mismatches has not been reported to date. In this study, we estimated the general number of complementary regions of ASOs with mismatches in human mRNA sequences by mathematical calculation and in silico analysis using several thousand hypothetical ASOs. By comparing the theoretical number of complementary regions estimated by mathematical calculation to the actual number obtained by in silico analysis, we found that the number of complementary regions of ASOs could be broadly estimated by the theoretical number calculated mathematically. Our analysis showed that the number of complementary regions increases dramatically as the number of tolerated mismatches increases, highlighting the need for expression analysis of such genes to assess the safety of ASOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuyuki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.,National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Uchida
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Cell-based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Lima JF, Cerqueira L, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Azevedo NF. Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides: A comprehensive guide for design. RNA Biol 2018; 15:338-352. [PMID: 29570036 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1445959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. As a consequence of their function towards mRNA, miRNAs are widely associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases, making miRNAs a target for new therapeutic strategies based on the control of their expression. Indeed, numerous works were published in the past decades showing the potential use of antisense oligonucleotides to target aberrant miRNAs (AMOs) involved in several human pathologies. New classes of chemical-modified-AMOs, including locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides, have recently proved their worth in silencing miRNAs. A correct design of a specific AMOs can help to improve their performance and potency towards the target miRNA by increasing for instance nuclease resistance and target affinity. This review outlines the technologies involved to suppress aberrant miRNAs. From the design strategies used in AMOs to its application in novel miRNA-based therapeutics and detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Filipa Lima
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal.,b Biomode 2, S. A., INL - Avda. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga , Portugal.,c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal.,b Biomode 2, S. A., INL - Avda. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga , Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal.,e FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal.,e FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal
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28
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Scotson JL, Andrews BI, Laws AP, Page MI. Phosphorothioate anti-sense oligonucleotides: the kinetics and mechanism of the sulfurisation of phosphites by phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS). Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10840-10847. [PMID: 27805225 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry the sulfurisation of nucleotide-phosphites to produce more biologically stable thiophosphates is often achieved using 'aged' solutions of phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) which consist of a mixture of polysulfides that are more efficient sulfur transfer reagents. However, both 'fresh' and 'aged' solutions of PADS are capable of the sulfurisation of phosphites. The rates of both processes in acetonitrile are first order in sulfurising agent, phosphite and a pyridine base, although with 'aged' PADS the rate becomes independent of base at high concentrations. The Brönsted β values for sulfurisation using 'fresh' and 'aged' PADS with substituted pyridines are 0.43 and 0.26, respectively. With 'fresh' PADS the Brönsted βnuc = 0.51 for substituted trialkyl phosphites is consistent with a mechanism involving nucleophilic attack of the phosphite on the PADS disulfide bond to reversibly generate a phosphonium intermediate, the rate-limiting breakdown of which occurs by a base catalysed elimination process, confirmed by replacing the ionisable hydrogens in PADS with methyl groups. The comparable polysulfide phosphonium ion intermediate seen with 'aged' PADS presents a more facile pathway for product formation involving S-S bond fission as opposed to C-S bond fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Scotson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Benjamin I Andrews
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew P Laws
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Michael I Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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29
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Ma Z, Wu X, Krueger CJ, Chen AK. Engineering Novel Molecular Beacon Constructs to Study Intracellular RNA Dynamics and Localization. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 15:279-286. [PMID: 28942262 PMCID: PMC5673673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With numerous advancements in novel biochemical techniques, our knowledge of the role of RNAs in the regulation of cellular physiology and pathology has grown significantly over the past several decades. Nevertheless, detailed information regarding RNA processing, trafficking, and localization in living cells has been lacking due to technical limitations in imaging single RNA transcripts in living cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we discuss techniques that have shown great promise for single RNA imaging, followed by highlights in our recent work in the development of molecular beacons (MBs), a class of nanoscale oligonucleotide-probes, for detecting individual RNA transcripts in living cells. With further refinement of MB design and development of more sophisticated fluorescence microscopy techniques, we envision that MB-based approaches could promote new discoveries of RNA functions and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaotian Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Christopher J Krueger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Antony K Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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30
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Kilicay E, Karahaliloglu Z, Alpaslan P, Hazer B, Denkbas EB. In vitro evaluation of antisense oligonucleotide functionalized core-shell nanoparticles loaded with α-tocopherol succinate. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1762-1785. [PMID: 28696185 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1354670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-conjugated-α-tocopherol succinate (TCS)-loaded-poly(lactic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (ASO-TCS-PLA-PEG NPs), with the ratio of polymer/TCS of 10:2.5, 10:5, 10:7 (w/w) were prepared for targeting cancer therapy. The amphiphilic PLA, amino terminated PEG graft copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization reaction. Nanoparticles were produced by using double emulsion (w/o/w) solvent evaporation method. ASO-TCS-PLA-PEG NPs demonstrated satisfactory encapsulation and loading efficiency and size distribution. The short-term stability studies were carried out at 4 and 25 °C for 30 days to assess their mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The cellular uptake and extended cytoplasmic retention of the NPs in A549 human lung carcinoma and L929 mouse fibroblast cells were examined by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In human lung cancer cells, ASO-TCS-PLA-PEG NPs exhibited better cellular internalization, cytotoxicity and apoptotic and necrotic effects compared to healthy cell line, L929. These findings showed that ASO-modified nanoparticles could serve as a promising nanocarrier for targeted tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Kilicay
- a Zonguldak Vocational High School, Bülent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karahaliloglu
- b Faculty of Science, Biology Department , Aksaray University , Aksaray , Turkey
| | - Pınar Alpaslan
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- d Physical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department , Bülent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Emir Baki Denkbas
- e Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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31
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Tai L, Liu C, Jiang K, Chen X, Feng L, Pan W, Wei G, Lu W. A novel penetratin-modified complex for noninvasive intraocular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:347-356. [PMID: 28673859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of gene expression by nucleic acids is a promising strategy in the treatment of ocular diseases. However, intraocular delivery of nucleic acids to the posterior ocular tissues remains a great challenge due to the presence of various biological barriers. To circumvent this problem, we established a novel penetratin (P) modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (D)/hyaluronic acid (H) complex to deliver antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs, O). Complexes (D/O, HD/O and PHD/O) were easily prepared and modification layers (hyaluronic acid and penetratin) were respectively absorbed on the surface via electrostatic interaction. Complexes with different outer layers were characterized as spherical particles with reversed charges. In vitro cellular uptake of ASOs in PHD/O complex was significantly increased than those in other formulations. In vivo studies were carried out after topical instillation of the complexes in the conjunctival sac of mice. Compared with D/O and HD/O, PHD/O exhibited much more distribution in the posterior segment of the eyes and prolonged retention time of ASOs in retina for more than 8h. Taken together, these results indicated that PHD/O complex possessed substantially improved ocular permeability and distribution in the posterior ocular tissues. This work provided a promising noninvasive intraocular delivery strategy for nucleic acids via topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Tai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linglin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Liu Y, Xu CF, Iqbal S, Yang XZ, Wang J. Responsive Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cascaded Delivery of Nucleic Acids to Cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:98-114. [PMID: 28396204 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cascades of systemic and intracellular obstacles, including low stability in blood, little tumor accumulation, weak tumor penetration, poor cellular uptake, inefficient endosomal escape and deficient disassembly in the cytoplasm, must be overcome in order to deliver nucleic acid drugs for cancer therapy. Nanocarriers that are sensitive to a variety of physiological stimuli, such as pH, redox status, and cell enzymes, are substantially changing the landscape of nucleic acid drug delivery by helping to overcome cascaded systemic and intracellular barriers. This review discusses nucleic acid-based therapeutics, systemic and intracellular barriers to efficient nucleic acid delivery, and nanocarriers responsive to extracellular and intracellular biological stimuli to overcome individual barriers. In particular, responsive nanocarriers for the cascaded delivery of nucleic acids in vivo are highlighted. Developing novel cascaded nanocarriers that transform their physicochemical properties in response to various stimuli in a timely and spatially controlled manner for nucleic acid drug delivery holds great potential for translating the promise of nucleic acid drugs and achieving clinically successful cancer therapy.
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Tat-Tagged and Folate-Modified N-Succinyl-chitosan (Tat-Suc-FA) Self-assembly Nanoparticle for Therapeutic Delivery OGX-011 to A549 Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1898-1905. [PMID: 28464609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a novel type of an antisense oligonucleotide (OGX-011) loaded Tat-tagged and folate-modified N-succinyl-chitosan (Tat-Suc-FA) nanoparticles (NPs) for improving tumor targetability. In this study, Tat-Suc-FA/OGX-011NPs were prepared and its physicochemical characterizations were also evaluated. The nanoparticles showed an average diameter of 73 ± 16.6 nm, the zeta potential of +23.6 ± 0.3 mV, and a high entrapment efficiency of 89.6 ± 6.6%. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the nanoparticles were mostly spherical and well dispersed. The delivery efficiency of this system was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In comparison with nontargeted Lipofectamin2000/OGX-011 and free OGX-011, Tat-Suc-FA/GOX-011 showed the highest apoptosis rate of 14.2% ± 1.8% and significant uptake in A549 cells. Tat-Suc-FA NPs loaded with GOX-011 induced significant down-regulation of s-CLU mRNA and protein levels in A549 cells. In A549 tumor-bearing mice model, Tat-Suc-FA/GOX-011 produced a more efficient down-regulation of s-CLU compared to Lipofectamin2000/OGX-011. Furthermore, the combined use of Tat-Suc-FA/OGX-011 with DDP chemotherapy showed a most significant inhibition of tumor growth and greatly enhanced the survival rate of A549 tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggested successful application of Tat-Suc-FA NPs for the high efficiency and specificity in therapeutic delivery of OGX-011 to A549 cells.
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Umemoto T, Masada S, Miyata K, Ogasawara-Shimizu M, Murata S, Nishi K, Ogi K, Hayase Y, Cho N. Direct and practical synthesis of 2′-O,4′-C-aminomethylene-bridged nucleic acid purine derivatives by transglycosylation. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Mohsen MO, Gomes AC, Cabral-Miranda G, Krueger CC, Leoratti FM, Stein JV, Bachmann MF. Delivering adjuvants and antigens in separate nanoparticles eliminates the need of physical linkage for effective vaccination. J Control Release 2017; 251:92-100. [PMID: 28257987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA rich in unmethylated CG motifs (CpGs) engage Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR-9) in endosomes and are well described stimulators of the innate and adaptive immune system. CpGs therefore can efficiently improve vaccines' immunogenicity. Packaging CpGs into nanoparticles, in particular into virus-like particles (VLPs), improves the pharmacological characteristics of CpGs as the protein shell protects them from DNAse activity and delivers the oligomers to the endosomal compartments of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). The current consensus in packaging and delivering CpGs in VLP-based vaccines is that both adjuvants and antigens should be kept in close proximity (i.e. physically linked) to ensure delivery of antigens and adjuvants to the same APCs. In the current study, we harness the draining properties of the lymphatic system and show that also non-linked VLPs are efficiently co-delivered to the same APCs in lymph nodes. Specifically, we have shown that CpGs can be packaged in one VLP and mixed with another VLP displaying the antigen prior to administration in vivo. Both VLPs efficiently reached the same draining lymph node where they were taken up and processed by the same APCs, namely dendritic cells and macrophages. This resulted in induction of specific CTLs producing cytokines and killing target cells in vivo at levels seen when using VLPs containing both CpGs and chemically conjugated antigen. Thus, delivery of antigens and adjuvants in separate nanoparticles eliminates the need of physical conjugation and thus can be beneficial when designing precision medicine VLP-based vaccines or help to re-formulate existing VLP vaccines not naturally carrying immunostimulatory sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Qatar Foundation (QRLP), Doha, State of Qatar.
| | | | | | - Caroline C Krueger
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Ms Leoratti
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Murata A, Otabe T, Zhang J, Nakatani K. BzDANP, a Small-Molecule Modulator of Pre-miR-29a Maturation by Dicer. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2790-2796. [PMID: 27536863 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We here report the synthesis of novel molecule BzDANP having a three-ring benzo[c][1,8]naphthyridine system, the evaluation of its binding properties to a single nucleotide bulge in RNA duplexes, and BzDANP-induced suppression of pre-miR-29a processing by Dicer. BzDANP showed much increased affinity to the bulged RNAs as compared with the parent molecule DANP, which possesses the same hydrogen-bonding surface as BzDANP but in a two-ring [1,8]naphthyridine system. Melting temperature analysis of bulged RNAs showed that BzDANP most effectively stabilized the C-bulged RNA. Dicer-mediated processing of pre-miR-29a was suppressed by BzDANP in a concentration dependent manner. The presence of the C-bulge at the Dicer cleavage site was effective for the suppression of pre-miR-29a processing by BzDANP. These results demonstrated that the small molecule binding to the bulged site in the vicinity of the Dicer cleavage site could be a potential modulator for the maturation of pre-miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Murata
- Department of Regulatory
Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takahiro Otabe
- Department of Regulatory
Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Regulatory
Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department of Regulatory
Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Kapp K, Schneider J, Schneider L, Gollinge N, Jänsch S, Schroff M, Wittig B, Kleuss C. Distinct immunological activation profiles of dSLIM® and ProMune® depend on their different structural context. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:446-462. [PMID: 27980779 PMCID: PMC5134728 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA-based TLR9 agonists are potent activators of the immune system. ProMune® and dSLIM® belong to different families of TLR9 agonists and both have been established as cancer immunotherapeutics in clinical proof-of-concept studies. Unfortunately, ProMune® failed in pivotal oncological trials. dSLIM®, the active ingredient of Lefitolimod (MGN1703), successfully finished a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II study in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, exhibiting improved progression-free survival and durable disease control. METHODS To explain the different systemic efficacies of dSLIM® and ProMune®, both TLR9 agonists and chimeric molecules thereof are analyzed side-by-side in a panel of in vitro assays for immune activation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Indeed, dSLIM® exposure results in an IFN-α dependent broad activation of immune cells whereas ProMune® strongly stimulates B cells. Moreover, all functional effects of dSLIM® strictly depend on the presence of CG-motifs within its dumbbell-shaped, covalently closed structural context. Conversely, several immunological effects of ProMune® like IL-8 secretion are independent of CG-motifs and could be ascribed to the phosphorothioate-modifications of its DNA backbone, which may have caused the side effects of ProMune® in clinical trials. Finally, we showed that the implementation of ProMune® (ODN2006) base sequence into the characteristic dSLIM® dumbbell form resulted in dSLIM2006 with all beneficial effects for immunostimulation combined from both TLR9 classes without any CG-independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Burghardt Wittig
- Foundation Institute Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Freie Universitaet Berlin Berlin Germany
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38
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Kondo J, Nomura Y, Kitahara Y, Obika S, Torigoe H. The crystal structure of a 2',4'-BNA(NC)[N-Me]-modified antisense gapmer in complex with the target RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2354-7. [PMID: 26731288 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been confirmed by our previous studies that a 2',4'-BNA(NC)[N-Me]-modified antisense gapmer displays high affinity and selectivity to the target RNA strand, promising mRNA inhibitory activity and excellent nuclease resistance. Herein, we have obtained a crystal structure that provides insights into these excellent antisense properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan. and Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, 158-8501 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kitahara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Torigoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Saleh AF, Fellows MD, Ying L, Gooderham NJ, Priestley CC. The Lack of Mutagenic Potential of a Guanine-Rich Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide in Physiological Conditions. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:101-111. [PMID: 27660205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) bind in the major groove of DNA duplex in a sequence-specific manner imparted by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. There have been several reports demonstrating the ability of guanine-rich TFOs to induce targeted mutagenesis on an exogenous plasmid or an endogenous chromosomal locus. In particular, a 30mer guanine-rich triplex forming oligonucleotide, AG30, optimally designed to target the supFG1 reporter gene was reported to be mutagenic in the absence of DNA reactive agents in cultured cells and in vivo Here, we investigated the mutagenic potential of AG30 using the supFG1 shuttle vector forward mutation assay under physiological conditions. We also assessed the triplex binding potential of AG30 alongside cytotoxic and mutagenic assessment. In a cell free condition, AG30 was able to bind its polypurine target site in the supFG1 gene in the absence of potassium chloride and also aligned with a 5-fold increase in the mutant frequency when AG30 was pre-incubated with the supFG1 plasmid in the absence of potassium prior to transfection into COS-7 cells. However, when we analyzed triplex formation of AG30 and the supFG1 target duplex at physiological potassium levels, triplex formation was inhibited due to the formation of competing secondary structures. Subsequent assessment of mutant frequency under physiological conditions, by pre-transfecting COS-7 cells with the supFG1 plasmid prior to AG30 treatment led to a very small increase (1.4-fold) in the mutant frequency. Transfection of cells with even higher concentrations of AG30 did result in an elevated mutagenic response but this was also seen with a scrambled sequence, and was therefore considered unlikely to be biologically relevant as an associated increase in cytotoxicity was also apparent. Our findings also provide further assurance on the low potential of triplex-mediated mutation as a consequence of unintentional genomic DNA binding by therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer F Saleh
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mick D Fellows
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Ying
- Molecular medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine C Priestley
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom;
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40
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Yang X. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleotide Analogs Containing Phosphorodithioate Linkages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 66:4.71.1-4.71.14. [PMID: 27584703 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorodithioate modification (PS2-ODN) uses two sulfur atoms to replace two non-bridging oxygen atoms at an internucleotide phosphordiester backbone linkage. Like a natural phosphodiester ODN backbone linkage, a PS2-modified backbone linkage is achiral at phosphorus. PS2-ODNs are highly stable to nucleases and numerous in vitro assays have demonstrated their biological activity. For example, PS2-ODNs activated RNase H in vitro, strongly inhibited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase, induced B-cell proliferation and differentiation, and bound to protein targets in the form of PS2-aptamers (thioaptamers). Thus, the interest in and promise of PS2-ODNs has spawned a variety of strategies for synthesizing, isolating, and characterizing this compounds. ODN-thiophosphoramidite monomers are commercially available from either AM Biotechnologies or Glen Research and this unit describes an effective methodology for solid-phase synthesis, deprotection, and purification of ODNs having PS2 internucleotide linkages. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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41
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Wu J, Su W, Powner MB, Liu J, Copland DA, Fruttiger M, Madeddu P, Dick AD, Liu L. Pleiotropic action of CpG-ODN on endothelium and macrophages attenuates angiogenesis through distinct pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31873. [PMID: 27558877 PMCID: PMC4997267 DOI: 10.1038/srep31873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an integral relationship between vascular cells and leukocytes in supporting healthy tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, activation of these two cellular components is key for tissue repair following injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in innate immunity defending the organism against infection, but their contribution to angiogenesis remains unclear. Here we used synthetic TLR9 agonists, cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), to investigate the role of TLR9 in vascular pathophysiology and identify potential therapeutic translation. We demonstrate that CpG-ODN stimulates inflammation yet inhibits angiogenesis. Regulation of angiogenesis by CpG-ODN is pervasive and tissue non-specific. Further, we noted that synthetic CpG-ODN requires backbone phosphorothioate but not TLR9 activation to render and maintain endothelial stalk cells quiescent. CpG-ODN pre-treated endothelial cells enhance macrophage migration but restrain pericyte mobilisation. CpG-ODN attenuation of angiogenesis, however, remains TLR9-dependent, as inhibition is lost in TLR9 deficient mice. Additionally, CpG-ODNs induce an M1 macrophage phenotype that restricts angiogenesis. The effects mediated by CpG-ODNs can therefore modulate both endothelial cells and macrophages through distinct pathways, providing potential therapeutic application in ocular vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Clinic Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael B. Powner
- UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jian Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - David A. Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
- UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Lei Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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42
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Tan X, Lu X, Jia F, Liu X, Sun Y, Logan JK, Zhang K. Blurring the Role of Oligonucleotides: Spherical Nucleic Acids as a Drug Delivery Vehicle. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10834-7. [PMID: 27522867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are generally regarded as the payload in gene therapy, often requiring a carrier for intracellular delivery. With the recent discovery that spherical nucleic acids enter cells rapidly, we demonstrate that nucleic acids also have the potential to act as a delivery vehicle. Herein, we report an amphiphilic DNA-paclitaxel conjugate, which forms stable micellar nanoparticles in solution. The nucleic acid component acts as both a therapeutic payload for intracellular gene regulation and the delivery vehicle for the drug component. A bioreductively activated, self-immolative disulfide linker is used to tether the drug, allowing free drug to be released upon cell uptake. We found that the DNA-paclitaxel nanostructures enter cells ∼100 times faster than free DNA, exhibit increased stability against nuclease, and show nearly identical cytotoxicity as free drug. These nanostructures allow one to access a gene target and a drug target using only the payloads themselves, bypassing the need for a cocarrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xueguang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yehui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jessica K Logan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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43
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Scotson JL, Andrews BI, Laws AP, Page MI. Phosphorothioate anti-sense oligonucleotides: the kinetics and mechanism of the generation of the sulfurising agent from phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS). Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8301-8. [PMID: 27531007 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides is often accomplished in the pharmaceutical industry by the sulfurisation of the nucleotide-phosphite using phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) which has an optimal combination of properties. This is best achieved by an initial 'ageing' of PADS for 48 h in acetonitrile with 3-picoline to generate polysulfides. The initial base-catalysed degradation of PADS occurs by an E1cB-type elimination to generate a ketene and acyldisulfide anion. Proton abstraction to reversibly generate a carbanion is demonstrated by H/D exchange, the rate of which is greatly increased by electron-withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring of PADS. The ketene can be trapped intramolecularly by an o-allyl group. The disulfide anion generated subsequently attacks unreacted PADS on sulfur to give polysulfides, the active sulfurising agent. The rate of degradation of PADS is decreased by less basic substituted pyridines and is only first order in PADS indicating that the rate-limiting step is formation of the disulfide anion from the carbanion.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Scotson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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44
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Kim JF, Gaffney PRJ, Valtcheva IB, Williams G, Buswell AM, Anson MS, Livingston AG. Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN): A New Technology Platform for Liquid-Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis (LPOS). Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong F. Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Piers R. J. Gaffney
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Irina B. Valtcheva
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Glynn Williams
- GlaxoSmithKline
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Buswell
- GlaxoSmithKline
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mike S. Anson
- GlaxoSmithKline
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Livingston
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
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45
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Trump BF. Mechanisms of Toxicity and Carcinogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/019262339402200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of transfusion-associated hepatitis and accounts for a significant proportion of hepatitis cases worldwide. Most, if not all, infections become persistent and about 60% of cases develop chronic liver disease with various outcomes ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, which is strongly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the initial cloning of the viral genome in 1989, our knowledge of the molecular biology of HCV has increased rapidly and led to the identification of several potential targets for antiviral intervention. In contrast, the low replication of the virus in cell culture, the lack of convenient animal models and the high genome variability present major challenges for drug development. This review will describe candidate drug targets and summarize ‘classical’ and ‘novel’ approaches currently being pursued to develop efficient HCV-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bartenschlager
- Institute for Virology, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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47
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Zhao D, Yang Y, Qu N, Chen M, Ma Z, Krueger CJ, Behlke MA, Chen AK. Single-molecule detection and tracking of RNA transcripts in living cells using phosphorothioate-optimized 2'-O-methyl RNA molecular beacons. Biomaterials 2016; 100:172-83. [PMID: 27261815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular Beacons (MBs) composed of 2'-O-methyl RNA (2Me) and phosphorothioate (PS) linkages throughout the backbone (2Me/PSFULL MBs) have enabled long-term imaging of RNA in living cells, but excess PS modification can induce nonspecific binding, causing false-positive signals. In this study, we evaluate the intracellular stability of MBs composed of 2Me with various PS modifications, and found that false-positive signals could be reduced to marginal levels when the MBs possess a fully PS-modified loop domain and a phosphodiester stem (2Me/PSLOOP MB). Additionally, 2Me/PSLOOP MBs exhibited uncompromised hybridization kinetics, prolonged functionality and >88% detection accuracy for single RNA transcripts, and could do so without interfering with gene expression or cell growth. Finally, 2Me/PSLOOP MBs could image the dynamics of single mRNA transcripts in the nucleus and the cytoplasm simultaneously, regardless of whether the MBs targeted the 5'- or the 3'-UTR. Together, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of loop-domain PS modification in reducing nonspecific signals and the potential for sensitive and accurate imaging of individual RNAs at the single-molecule level. With the growing interest in the role of RNA localization and dynamics in health and disease, 2Me/PSLOOP MBs could enable new discoveries in RNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Christopher J Krueger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Antony K Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Design of a small molecule against an oncogenic noncoding RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5898-903. [PMID: 27170187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523975113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of precision, preclinical therapeutics from sequence is difficult, but advances in this area, particularly those focused on rational design, could quickly transform the sequence of disease-causing gene products into lead modalities. Herein, we describe the use of Inforna, a computational approach that enables the rational design of small molecules targeting RNA to quickly provide a potent modulator of oncogenic microRNA-96 (miR-96). We mined the secondary structure of primary microRNA-96 (pri-miR-96) hairpin precursor against a database of RNA motif-small molecule interactions, which identified modules that bound RNA motifs nearby and in the Drosha processing site. Precise linking of these modules together provided Targaprimir-96 (3), which selectively modulates miR-96 production in cancer cells and triggers apoptosis. Importantly, the compound is ineffective on healthy breast cells, and exogenous overexpression of pri-miR-96 reduced compound potency in breast cancer cells. Chemical Cross-Linking and Isolation by Pull-Down (Chem-CLIP), a small-molecule RNA target validation approach, shows that 3 directly engages pri-miR-96 in breast cancer cells. In vivo, 3 has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and decreases tumor burden in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Thus, rational design can quickly produce precision, in vivo bioactive lead small molecules against hard-to-treat cancers by targeting oncogenic noncoding RNAs, advancing a disease-to-gene-to-drug paradigm.
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49
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Jung C, Ellington AD. A primerless molecular diagnostic: phosphorothioated-terminal hairpin formation and self-priming extension (PS-THSP). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8583-8591. [PMID: 27032410 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There are various ways that priming can occur in nucleic acid amplification reactions. While most reactions rely on a primer to initiate amplification, a mechanism for DNA amplification has been developed in which hairpin sequences at the 3' terminus of a single-stranded oligonucleotide fold on themselves to initiate priming. Unfortunately, this method is less useful for diagnostic applications because the self-folding efficiency is low and only works over a narrow range of reaction temperatures. In order to adapt this strategy for analytical applications we have developed a variant that we term phosphorothioated-terminal hairpin formation and self-priming extension (PS-THSP). In PS-THSP a phosphorothioate (PS) modification is incorporated into the DNA backbone, leading to a reduction in the thermal stability of dsDNA and increased self-folding of terminal hairpins. By optimizing the number of PS linkages that are included in the initial template, we greatly increased self-folding efficiency and the range of reaction temperatures, ultimately achieving a detection limit of 1 pM. This improved method was readily adapted to the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and to the detection of non-nucleic acid analytes, such as alkaline phosphatase, which was quantitatively detected at a limit of 0.05 mU/mL, approximately 10-fold better than commercial assays. Graphical abstract Efficient self-folding by phosphorothioate (PS) modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheulhee Jung
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway MBB 3.424, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway MBB 3.424, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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50
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A Polyethylenimine-Containing and Transferrin-Conjugated Lipid Nanoparticle System for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery to AML. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1287128. [PMID: 27034925 PMCID: PMC4807046 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1287128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited success of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in clinical anticancer therapy calls for more effective delivery carriers. The goal of this study was to develop a nanoparticle system for delivery of ASO G3139, which targets mRNA of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The synthesized nanoparticle Tf-LPN-G3139 contained a small molecular weight polyethylenimine and two cationic lipids as condensing agents, with transferrin on its surface for selective binding and enhanced cellular uptake. The optimized nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio was 4 to achieve small particle size and high G3139 entrapment efficiency. The Tf-LPN-G3139 exhibited excellent colloidal stability during storage for at least 12 weeks and remained intact for 4 hours in nuclease-containing serum. The cellular uptake results showed extensive internalization of fluorescence-labelled G3139 in MV4-11 cells through Tf-LPN. Following transfection, Tf-LPN-G3139 at 1 µM ASO level induced 54% Bcl-2 downregulation and >20-fold apoptosis compared to no treatment. When evaluated in mice bearing human xenograft AML tumors, Tf-LPN-G3139 suppressed tumor growth by ~60% at the end of treatment period, accompanied by remarkable pharmacological effect of Bcl-2 inhibition in tumor. In conclusion, Tf-LPN-G3139 is a promising nanoparticle system for ASO G3139 delivery to AML and warrants further investigations.
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