1
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Li S, Ni Z, Zhang L, Cai Y, Mai J, Wen S, Zheng P, Deng X, Liu S, Xu Y, Yu D. Autonomous Stabilization of Fock States in an Oscillator against Multiphoton Losses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:203602. [PMID: 38829095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Fock states with a well-defined number of photons in an oscillator have shown a wide range of applications in quantum information science. Nonetheless, their usefulness has been marred by single and multiphoton losses due to unavoidable environment-induced dissipation. Though several dissipation engineering methods have been developed to counteract the leading single-photon-loss error, averting multiple-photon losses remains elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a dissipation engineering method that autonomously stabilizes multiphoton Fock states against losses of multiple photons using a cascaded selective photon-addition operation in a superconducting quantum circuit. Through measuring the photon-number populations and Wigner tomography of the oscillator states, we observe a prolonged preservation of nonclassical Wigner negativities for the stabilized Fock states |N⟩ with N=1, 2, 3 for a duration of about 10 ms. Furthermore, the dissipation engineering method demonstrated here also facilitates the implementation of a nonunitary operation for resetting a binomially encoded logical qubit. These results highlight potential applications in error-correctable quantum information processing against multiple-photon-loss errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongchu Ni
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanyan Cai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiasheng Mai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengcheng Wen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shenzhen 518048, China
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2
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Li Y, Wang C, Tang Y, Liu YC. Time Crystal in a Single-Mode Nonlinear Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:183803. [PMID: 38759188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.183803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Time crystal is a class of nonequilibrium phases with broken time-translational symmetry. Here, we demonstrate the time crystal in a single-mode nonlinear cavity. The time crystal originates from the self-oscillation induced by a linear gain and is stabilized by a nonlinear damping. We show in the time crystal phase there are sharp dissipative gap closing and pure imaginary eigenvalues of the Liouvillian spectrum in the thermodynamic limit. Dynamically, we observe a metastable regime with the emergence of quantum oscillation, followed by a dissipative evolution with a timescale much longer than the oscillating period. Moreover, we show there is a dissipative phase transition at the Hopf bifurcation, which can be characterized by the photon number fluctuation in the steady state. These results pave a new promising way for further experiments and deepen our understanding of time crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanjiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Réglade U, Bocquet A, Gautier R, Cohen J, Marquet A, Albertinale E, Pankratova N, Hallén M, Rautschke F, Sellem LA, Rouchon P, Sarlette A, Mirrahimi M, Campagne-Ibarcq P, Lescanne R, Jezouin S, Leghtas Z. Quantum control of a cat qubit with bit-flip times exceeding ten seconds. Nature 2024; 629:778-783. [PMID: 38710932 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Quantum bits (qubits) are prone to several types of error as the result of uncontrolled interactions with their environment. Common strategies to correct these errors are based on architectures of qubits involving daunting hardware overheads1. One possible solution is to build qubits that are inherently protected against certain types of error, so the overhead required to correct the remaining errors is greatly reduced2-7. However, this strategy relies on one condition: any quantum manipulations of the qubit must not break the protection that has been so carefully engineered5,8. A type of qubit known as a cat qubit is encoded in the manifold of metastable states of a quantum dynamical system, and thereby acquires continuous and autonomous protection against bit-flips. Here, in a superconducting-circuit experiment, we implemented a cat qubit with bit-flip times exceeding 10 s. This is an improvement of four orders of magnitude over previously published cat-qubit implementations. We prepared and imaged quantum superposition states, and measured phase-flip times greater than 490 ns. Most importantly, we controlled the phase of these quantum superpositions without breaking the bit-flip protection. This experiment demonstrates the compatibility of quantum control and inherent bit-flip protection at an unprecedented level, showing the viability of these dynamical qubits for future quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Réglade
- Alice & Bob, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - A Bocquet
- Alice & Bob, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - R Gautier
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | | | - A Marquet
- Alice & Bob, Paris, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - L-A Sellem
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - P Rouchon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - A Sarlette
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - M Mirrahimi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | - P Campagne-Ibarcq
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Z Leghtas
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Inria, Paris, France.
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Feng LJ, Ni J, Gong SQ. Photon blockade induced by two-photon absorption in cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5117-5130. [PMID: 38439246 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Photon blockade (PB) is an important quantum phenomenon in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Here, we investigate the PB effect in the simplest cavity QED systems (one cavity containing first a single atom and then two atoms), where only the atoms are weakly driven. Via the analytical calculation and numerical simulation, we show that the strong PB can be generated even with the weak-coupling regime at the total resonance. This blockade is ascribed to the two-photon absorption, which is fundamentally different from the conventional and unconventional blockade mechanisms. Therefore, our study provides an alternative approach to produce the PB in the atom-driven cavity QED system.
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5
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Iyama D, Kamiya T, Fujii S, Mukai H, Zhou Y, Nagase T, Tomonaga A, Wang R, Xue JJ, Watabe S, Kwon S, Tsai JS. Observation and manipulation of quantum interference in a superconducting Kerr parametric oscillator. Nat Commun 2024; 15:86. [PMID: 38167480 PMCID: PMC10762009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum tunneling is the phenomenon that makes superconducting circuits "quantum". Recently, there has been a renewed interest in using quantum tunneling in phase space of a Kerr parametric oscillator as a resource for quantum information processing. Here, we report a direct observation of quantum interference induced by such tunneling and its dynamics in a planar superconducting circuit through Wigner tomography. We experimentally elucidate all essential properties of this quantum interference, such as mapping from Fock states to cat states, a temporal oscillation due to the pump detuning, as well as its characteristic Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes. Finally, we perform gate operations as manipulations of the observed quantum interference. Our findings lay the groundwork for further studies on quantum properties of superconducting Kerr parametric oscillators and their use in quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Iyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kamiya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shiori Fujii
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mukai
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Zhou
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nagase
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tomonaga
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rui Wang
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xue
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shohei Watabe
- College of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sangil Kwon
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jaw-Shen Tsai
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Kang YH, Lin ZP, Yang JQ, Wang Y, Song J, Yang ZB, Xia Y. Effective protocol for generating NOON states of resonator modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:42976-42994. [PMID: 38178402 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We propose a protocol for the generation of NOON states of resonator modes. The physical model is composed of two Kerr-nonlinear resonators and a four-level qudit. Using the off-resonant couplings between the resonators and the qudit, qudit-level-dependent frequency shifts on the two resonators are induced. The frequency shifts allow us to drive different resonators to the N-photon state when the qudit is in different intermediate levels. Consequently, the generation of NOON states with arbitrary photon number N can be completed in only three steps, i.e., driving the qudit to a superposition state of the two intermediate levels, driving one of the resonators to its N-photon state, and driving the qudit back to its ground level. Numerical simulations show that, in the regime of strong Kerr nonlinearity and coupling strengths, the protocol can produce the NOON state with high fidelity in the cases of different photon numbers. In addition, it is possible for the protocol to produce acceptable fidelity in the presence of systematic errors and decoherence factors. Therefore, the protocol may provide some useful perspectives for effective generation of photonic NOON states.
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7
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He XL, Lu Y, Bao DQ, Xue H, Jiang WB, Wang Z, Roudsari AF, Delsing P, Tsai JS, Lin ZR. Fast generation of Schrödinger cat states using a Kerr-tunable superconducting resonator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6358. [PMID: 37821443 PMCID: PMC10567735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schrödinger cat states, quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinct classical states, are an important resource for quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum computation. Especially, cat states in a phase space protected against phase-flip errors can be used as a logical qubit. However, cat states, normally generated in three-dimensional cavities and/or strong multi-photon drives, are facing the challenges of scalability and controllability. Here, we present a strategy to generate and preserve cat states in a coplanar superconducting circuit by the fast modulation of Kerr nonlinearity. At the Kerr-free work point, our cat states are passively preserved due to the vanishing Kerr effect. We are able to prepare a 2-component cat state in our chip-based device with a fidelity reaching 89.1% under a 96 ns gate time. Our scheme shows an excellent route to constructing a chip-based bosonic quantum processor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L He
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Lu
- 3rd Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - D Q Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - W B Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - A F Roudsari
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Delsing
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J S Tsai
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0825, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Z R Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China.
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8
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Teoh JD, Winkel P, Babla HK, Chapman BJ, Claes J, de Graaf SJ, Garmon JWO, Kalfus WD, Lu Y, Maiti A, Sahay K, Thakur N, Tsunoda T, Xue SH, Frunzio L, Girvin SM, Puri S, Schoelkopf RJ. Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221736120. [PMID: 37801473 PMCID: PMC10576063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221736120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of quantum hardware that reduces and mitigates errors is essential for practical quantum error correction (QEC) and useful quantum computation. To this end, we introduce the circuit-Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) dual-rail qubit in which our physical qubit is encoded in the single-photon subspace, [Formula: see text], of two superconducting microwave cavities. The dominant photon loss errors can be detected and converted into erasure errors, which are in general much easier to correct. In contrast to linear optics, a circuit-QED implementation of the dual-rail code offers unique capabilities. Using just one additional transmon ancilla per dual-rail qubit, we describe how to perform a gate-based set of universal operations that includes state preparation, logical readout, and parametrizable single and two-qubit gates. Moreover, first-order hardware errors in the cavities and the transmon can be detected and converted to erasure errors in all operations, leaving background Pauli errors that are orders of magnitude smaller. Hence, the dual-rail cavity qubit exhibits a favorable hierarchy of error rates and is expected to perform well below the relevant QEC thresholds with today's coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Teoh
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Patrick Winkel
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Harshvardhan K. Babla
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Benjamin J. Chapman
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Jahan Claes
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Stijn J. de Graaf
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - John W. O. Garmon
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - William D. Kalfus
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Aniket Maiti
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Kaavya Sahay
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Neel Thakur
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Takahiro Tsunoda
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Sophia H. Xue
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Luigi Frunzio
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Steven M. Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Robert J. Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
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9
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Lledó C, Dassonneville R, Moulinas A, Cohen J, Shillito R, Bienfait A, Huard B, Blais A. Cloaking a qubit in a cavity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6313. [PMID: 37813905 PMCID: PMC10562410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) uses a cavity to engineer the mode structure of the vacuum electromagnetic field such as to enhance the interaction between light and matter. Exploiting these ideas in solid-state systems has lead to circuit QED which has emerged as a valuable tool to explore the rich physics of quantum optics and as a platform for quantum computation. Here we introduce a simple approach to further engineer the light-matter interaction in a driven cavity by controllably decoupling a qubit from the cavity's photon population, effectively cloaking the qubit from the cavity. This is realized by driving the qubit with an external tone tailored to destructively interfere with the cavity field, leaving the qubit to interact with a cavity which appears to be in the vacuum state. Our experiment demonstrates how qubit cloaking can be exploited to cancel the ac-Stark shift and measurement-induced dephasing, and to accelerate qubit readout. In addition to qubit readout, applications of this method include qubit logical operations and the preparation of non-classical cavity states in circuit QED and other cavity-based setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Lledó
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada.
| | - Rémy Dassonneville
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Moulinas
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Joachim Cohen
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Ross Shillito
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Bienfait
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Huard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 QC, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1M1, Canada
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10
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Fang Y, Zhong W, Cheng G, Chen A. Magnon-photon cross-correlations via optical nonlinearity in cavity magnonical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27381-27392. [PMID: 37710815 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alternative scheme to achieve the cross-correlations between magnon and photon in a hybrid nonlinear system including two microwave cavities and one yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, where two cavities nonlinearly interact and meanwhile one of cavities couples to magnon representing the collective excitation in YIG sphere via magnetic dipole interaction. Based on dispersive couplings between two cavities and between one cavity and magnon with the larger detunings, the nonlinear interaction occurs between the other cavity and magnon, which plays a crucial role in generating quantum correlations. By analyzing the second-order correlation functions via numerical simulations and analytical calculations, the remarkable nonclassical correlations are existent in such a system, where the magnon blockade and photon antibunching could be obtainable on demand. The scheme we present is focused on the magnon-photon cross-correlations in the weak coupling regime and relaxes the requirements of experimental conditions, which may have potential applications in quantum information processing in the hybrid system.
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11
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Shen Y, Soh HY, Fan W, Kwek LC. Enhancing quantum synchronization through homodyne measurement, noise, and squeezing. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024204. [PMID: 37723755 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum synchronization has been a central topic in quantum nonlinear dynamics. Despite the rapid development in this field, very few have studied how to efficiently boost synchronization. Homodyne measurement emerges as one of the successful candidates for this task but preferably in the semiclassical regime. In our work, we focus on the phase synchronization of a harmonic-driven quantum Stuart-Landau oscillator and show that the enhancement induced by homodyne measurement persists into the quantum regime. Interestingly, optimal two-photon damping rates exist when the oscillator and driving are at resonance and with a small single-photon damping rate. We also report noise-induced enhancement in quantum synchronization when the single-photon damping rate is sufficiently large. Apart from these results, we discover that adding a squeezing Hamiltonian can further boost synchronization, especially in the semiclassical regime. Furthermore, the addition of squeezing causes the optimal two-photon pumping rates to shift and converge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Yi Soh
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Leong-Chuan Kwek
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore
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12
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Gouzien É, Ruiz D, Le Régent FM, Guillaud J, Sangouard N. Performance Analysis of a Repetition Cat Code Architecture: Computing 256-bit Elliptic Curve Logarithm in 9 Hours with 126 133 Cat Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:040602. [PMID: 37566837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cat qubits provide appealing building blocks for quantum computing. They exhibit a tunable noise bias yielding an exponential suppression of bit flips with the average photon number and a protection against the remaining phase errors can be ensured by a simple repetition code. We here quantify the cost of a repetition code and provide valuable guidance for the choice of a large scale architecture using cat qubits by realizing a performance analysis based on the computation of discrete logarithms on an elliptic curve with Shor's algorithm. By focusing on a 2D grid of cat qubits with neighboring connectivity, we propose to implement 2-qubit gates via lattice surgery and Toffoli gates with off-line fault-tolerant preparation of magic states through projective measurements and subsequent gate teleportations. All-to-all connectivity between logical qubits is ensured by routing qubits. Assuming a ratio between single- and two-photon losses of 10^{-5} and a cycle time of 500 ns, we show concretely that such an architecture can compute a 256-bit elliptic curve logarithm in 9 h with 126 133 cat qubits and on average 19 photons by cat state. We give the details of the realization of Shor's algorithm so that the proposed performance analysis can be easily reused to guide the choice of architecture for others platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élie Gouzien
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de physique théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diego Ruiz
- Alice & Bob, 53 boulevard du Général Martial Valin, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, École normale supérieure, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inria, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francois-Marie Le Régent
- Alice & Bob, 53 boulevard du Général Martial Valin, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, École normale supérieure, Mines Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inria, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Guillaud
- Alice & Bob, 53 boulevard du Général Martial Valin, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Sangouard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de physique théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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13
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Shen Y, Soh HY, Kwek LC, Fan W. Fisher Information as General Metrics of Quantum Synchronization. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1116. [PMID: 37628145 PMCID: PMC10453851 DOI: 10.3390/e25081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum synchronization has emerged as a crucial phenomenon in quantum nonlinear dynamics with potential applications in quantum information processing. Multiple measures for quantifying quantum synchronization exist. However, there is currently no widely agreed metric that is universally adopted. In this paper, we propose using classical and quantum Fisher information (FI) as alternative metrics to detect and measure quantum synchronization. We establish the connection between FI and quantum synchronization, demonstrating that both classical and quantum FI can be deployed as more general indicators of quantum phase synchronization in some regimes where all other existing measures fail to provide reliable results. We show advantages in FI-based measures, especially in 2-to-1 synchronization. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of noise on the synchronization measures, revealing the robustness and susceptibility of each method in the presence of dissipation and decoherence. Our results open up new avenues for understanding and exploiting quantum synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Yi Soh
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Leong-Chuan Kwek
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Weijun Fan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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14
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Downing CA, Vidiella-Barranco A. Parametrically driving a quantum oscillator into exceptionality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11004. [PMID: 37419917 PMCID: PMC10329046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mathematical objects employed in physical theories do not always behave well. Einstein's theory of space and time allows for spacetime singularities and Van Hove singularities arise in condensed matter physics, while intensity, phase and polarization singularities pervade wave physics. Within dissipative systems governed by matrices, singularities occur at the exceptional points in parameter space whereby some eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce simultaneously. However, the nature of exceptional points arising in quantum systems described within an open quantum systems approach has been much less studied. Here we consider a quantum oscillator driven parametrically and subject to loss. This squeezed system exhibits an exceptional point in the dynamical equations describing its first and second moments, which acts as a borderland between two phases with distinctive physical consequences. In particular, we discuss how the populations, correlations, squeezed quadratures and optical spectra crucially depend on being above or below the exceptional point. We also remark upon the presence of a dissipative phase transition at a critical point, which is associated with the closing of the Liouvillian gap. Our results invite the experimental probing of quantum resonators under two-photon driving, and perhaps a reappraisal of exceptional and critical points within dissipative quantum systems more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Downing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - A Vidiella-Barranco
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
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15
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Ben-Asher A, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Feist J. Non-Hermitian Anharmonicity Induces Single-Photon Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:243601. [PMID: 37390444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources are in high demand for quantum information applications. A paradigmatic way to achieve single-photon emission is through anharmonicity in the energy levels, such that the absorption of a single photon from a coherent drive shifts the system out of resonance and prevents absorption of a second one. We identify a novel mechanism for single-photon emission through non-Hermitian anharmonicity, i.e., anharmonicity in the losses instead of in the energy levels. We demonstrate the mechanism in two types of systems, including a feasible setup consisting of a hybrid metallodielectric cavity weakly coupled to a two-level emitter, and show that it induces high-purity single-photon emission at high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anael Ben-Asher
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio I Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hauer BD, Combes J, Teufel JD. Nonlinear Sideband Cooling to a Cat State of Motion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:213604. [PMID: 37295107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.213604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to prepare a macroscopic mechanical resonator into a quantum superposition state is an outstanding goal of cavity optomechanics. Here, we propose a technique to generate cat states of motion using the intrinsic nonlinearity of a dispersive optomechanical interaction. By applying a bichromatic drive to an optomechanical cavity, our protocol enhances the inherent second-order processes of the system, inducing the requisite two-phonon dissipation. We show that this nonlinear sideband cooling technique can dissipatively engineer a mechanical resonator into a cat state, which we verify using the full Hamiltonian and an adiabatically reduced model. While the fidelity of the cat state is maximized in the single-photon, strong-coupling regime, we demonstrate that Wigner negativity persists even for weak coupling. Finally, we show that our cat state generation protocol is robust to significant thermal decoherence of the mechanical mode, indicating that such a procedure may be feasible for near-term experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Hauer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Combes
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J D Teufel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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17
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Roberts D, Clerk AA. Competition between Two-Photon Driving, Dissipation, and Interactions in Bosonic Lattice Models: An Exact Solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:063601. [PMID: 36827562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an exact solution in arbitrary dimensions for the steady states of a class of quantum driven-dissipative bosonic models, where a set of modes is subject to arbitrary two-photon driving, single-photon loss, and a global Hubbard (or Kerr)-like interaction. Our solutions reveal a wealth of striking phenomena, including the emergence of dissipative phase transitions, nontrivial mode competition physics and symmetry breaking, and the stabilization of many-body SU(1,1) pair-coherent states. Our exact solutions enable the description of spatial correlations, and are fully valid in regimes where traditional mean-field and semiclassical approaches break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roberts
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
| | - A A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
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18
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Aiello G, Féchant M, Morvan A, Basset J, Aprili M, Gabelli J, Estève J. Quantum bath engineering of a high impedance microwave mode through quasiparticle tunneling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7146. [PMID: 36414638 PMCID: PMC9681747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In microwave quantum optics, dissipation usually corresponds to quantum jumps, where photons are lost one by one. Here we demonstrate a new approach to dissipation engineering. By coupling a high impedance microwave resonator to a tunnel junction, we use the photoassisted tunneling of quasiparticles as a tunable dissipative process. We are able to adjust the minimum number of lost photons per tunneling event to be one, two or more, through a dc voltage. Consequently, different Fock states of the resonator experience different loss processes. Causality then implies that each state experiences a different energy (Lamb) shift, as confirmed experimentally. This photoassisted tunneling process is analogous to a photoelectric effect, which requires a quantum description of light to be quantitatively understood. This work opens up new possibilities for quantum state manipulation in superconducting circuits, which do not rely on the Josephson effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Aiello
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Féchant
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alexis Morvan
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Basset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marco Aprili
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Gabelli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Estève
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.
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19
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Qin W, Miranowicz A, Nori F. Beating the 3 dB Limit for Intracavity Squeezing and Its Application to Nondemolition Qubit Readout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123602. [PMID: 36179165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the squeezing of a propagating field can, in principle, be made arbitrarily strong, the cavity-field squeezing is subject to the well-known 3 dB limit, and thus has limited applications. Here, we propose the use of a fully quantum degenerate parametric amplifier (DPA) to beat this squeezing limit. Specifically, we show that by simply applying a two-tone driving to the signal mode, the pump mode can, counterintuitively, be driven by the photon loss of the signal mode into a squeezed steady state with, in principle, an arbitrarily high degree of squeezing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this intracavity squeezing can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of longitudinal qubit readout exponentially with the degree of squeezing. Correspondingly, an improvement of the measurement error by many orders of magnitude can be achieved even for modest parameters. In stark contrast, using intracavity squeezing of the semiclassical DPA cannot practically increase the signal-to-noise ratio and thus improve the measurement error. Our results extend the range of applications of DPAs and open up new opportunities for modern quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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20
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Venkatraman J, Xiao X, Cortiñas RG, Eickbusch A, Devoret MH. Static Effective Hamiltonian of a Rapidly Driven Nonlinear System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:100601. [PMID: 36112463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a recursive formula for the computation of the static effective Hamiltonian of a system under a fast-oscillating drive. Our analytical result is well-suited to symbolic calculations performed by a computer and can be implemented to arbitrary order, thus overcoming limitations of existing time-dependent perturbation methods and allowing computations that were impossible before. We also provide a simple diagrammatic tool for calculation and treat illustrative examples. By construction, our method applies directly to both quantum and classical systems; the difference is left to a low-level subroutine. This sheds light on the relationship between seemingly disconnected independently developed methods in the literature and has direct applications in quantum engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Rodrigo G Cortiñas
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Alec Eickbusch
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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21
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Mu WL, Li XX, Shao XQ. Cooling neutral atoms into maximal entanglement in the Rydberg blockade regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4491-4494. [PMID: 36048686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a cooling scheme to prepare stationary entanglement of neutral atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime by the combination of periodically collective laser pumping and dissipation. In each cycle, the controlled unitary dynamics process can selectively pump atoms away from the nontarget state while keeping the target state unchanged. The subsequent dissipative process redistributes the populations of ground states through the engineered spontaneous emission. After a number of cycles, the system will eventually be stabilized into the desired steady state, independent of the initial state. This protocol does not rely on coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms or fine control of Rydberg interaction intensity, which can, in principle, greatly improve the feasibility of experiments in related fields.
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22
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Rodrigues IC, Steele GA, Bothner D. Parametrically enhanced interactions and nonreciprocal bath dynamics in a photon-pressure Kerr amplifier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1690. [PMID: 36026455 PMCID: PMC9417172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photon-pressure coupling between two superconducting circuits is a promising platform for investigating radiation-pressure coupling in distinct parameter regimes and for the development of radio-frequency (RF) quantum photonics and quantum-limited RF sensing. Here, we implement photon-pressure coupling between two superconducting circuits, one of which can be operated as a parametric amplifier. We demonstrate a Kerr-based enhancement of the photon-pressure single-photon coupling rate and an increase of the cooperativity by one order of magnitude in the amplifier regime. In addition, we observe that the intracavity amplification reduces the measurement imprecision of RF signal detection. Last, we demonstrate that RF mode sideband cooling is unexpectedly not limited to the effective amplifier mode temperature arising from quantum noise amplification, which we interpret in the context of nonreciprocal heat transfer between the two circuits. Our results demonstrate how Kerr amplification can be used as resource for enhanced photon-pressure systems and Kerr cavity optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Corveira Rodrigues
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary Alexander Steele
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bothner
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science in LISA, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Mylnikov VY, Potashin SO, Sokolovskii GS, Averkiev NS. Dissipative Phase Transition in Systems with Two-Photon Drive and Nonlinear Dissipation near the Critical Point. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152543. [PMID: 35893511 PMCID: PMC9332203 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine dissipative phase transition (DPT) near the critical point for a system with two-photon driving and nonlinear dissipations. The proposed mean-field theory, which explicitly takes into account quantum fluctuations, allowed us to describe properly the evolutionary dynamics of the system and to demonstrate new effects in its steady-state. We show that the presence of quantum fluctuations leads to a power-law dependence of the anomalous average at the phase transition point, with which the critical exponent is associated. Also, we investigate the effect of the quantum fluctuations on the critical point renormalization and demonstrate the existence of a two-photon pump “threshold”. It is noteworthy that the obtained results are in a good agreement with the numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Yu. Mylnikov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.O.P.); (N.S.A.)
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.Y.M.); (G.S.S.)
| | | | - Grigorii S. Sokolovskii
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.O.P.); (N.S.A.)
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.Y.M.); (G.S.S.)
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24
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Trade off-free entanglement stabilization in a superconducting qutrit-qubit system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3994. [PMID: 35810169 PMCID: PMC9271051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum reservoir engineering is a powerful framework for autonomous quantum state preparation and error correction. However, traditional approaches to reservoir engineering are hindered by unavoidable coherent leakage out of the target state, which imposes an inherent trade off between achievable steady-state state fidelity and stabilization rate. In this work we demonstrate a protocol that achieves trade off-free Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system realized on a circuit-QED platform. We accomplish this by creating a purely dissipative channel for population transfer into the target state, mediated by strong parametric interactions coupling the second-excited state of a superconducting transmon and the engineered bath resonator. Our scheme achieves a state preparation fidelity of 84% with a stabilization time constant of 339 ns, leading to a 54 ns error-time product in a solid-state quantum information platform.
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25
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Li B, Qin W, Jiao YF, Zhai CL, Xu XW, Kuang LM, Jing H. Optomechanical Schrödinger cat states in a cavity Bose-Einstein condensate. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Liu S, Han D, Wang N, Xiang Y, Sun F, Wang M, Qin Z, Gong Q, Su X, He Q. Experimental Demonstration of Remotely Creating Wigner Negativity via Quantum Steering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:200401. [PMID: 35657859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-Gaussian states with Wigner negativity are of particular interest in quantum technology due to their potential applications in quantum computing and quantum metrology. However, how to create such states at a remote location remains a challenge, which is important for efficiently distributing quantum resource between distant nodes in a network. Here, we experimentally prepare an optical non-Gaussian state with negative Wigner function at a remote node via local non-Gaussian operation and shared Gaussian entangled state existing quantum steering. By performing photon subtraction on one mode, Wigner negativity is created in the remote target mode. We show that the Wigner negativity is sensitive to loss on the target mode, but robust to loss on the mode performing photon subtraction. This experiment confirms the connection between the remotely created Wigner negativity and quantum steering. As an application, we present that the generated non-Gaussian state exhibits metrological power in quantum phase estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Fengxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Meihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhongzhong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qiongyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Putterman H, Iverson J, Xu Q, Jiang L, Painter O, Brandão FGSL, Noh K. Stabilizing a Bosonic Qubit Using Colored Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:110502. [PMID: 35363031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protected qubits such as the 0-π qubit, and bosonic qubits including cat qubits and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits offer advantages for fault tolerance. Some of these protected qubits (e.g., 0-π qubit and Kerr-cat qubit) are stabilized by Hamiltonians which have (near-)degenerate ground state manifolds with large energy gaps to the excited state manifolds. Without dissipative stabilization mechanisms the performance of such energy-gap-protected qubits can be limited by leakage to excited states. Here, we propose a scheme for dissipatively stabilizing an energy-gap-protected qubit using colored (i.e., frequency-selective) dissipation without inducing errors in the ground state manifold. Concretely we apply our colored dissipation technique to Kerr-cat qubits and propose colored Kerr-cat qubits which are protected by an engineered colored single-photon loss. When applied to the Kerr-cat qubits our scheme significantly suppresses leakage-induced bit-flip errors (which we show are a limiting error mechanism) while only using linear interactions. Beyond the benefits to the Kerr-cat qubit we also show that our frequency-selective loss technique can be applied to a broader class of protected qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Putterman
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- IQIM, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Joseph Iverson
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- IQIM, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Oskar Painter
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- IQIM, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Fernando G S L Brandão
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- IQIM, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kyungjoo Noh
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- IQIM, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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28
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Kwon H, Mukherjee R, Kim MS. Reversing Lindblad Dynamics via Continuous Petz Recovery Map. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:020403. [PMID: 35089760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important issue in developing quantum technology is that quantum states are so sensitive to noise. We propose a protocol that introduces reverse dynamics, in order to precisely control quantum systems against noise described by the Lindblad master equation. The reverse dynamics can be obtained by constructing the Petz recovery map in continuous time. By providing the exact form of the Hamiltonian and jump operators for the reverse dynamics, we explore the potential of utilizing the near-optimal recovery of the Petz map in controlling noisy quantum dynamics. While time-dependent dissipation engineering enables us to fully recover a single quantum trajectory, we also design a time-independent recovery protocol to protect encoded quantum information against decoherence. Our protocol can efficiently suppress only the noise part of dynamics thereby providing an effective unitary evolution of the quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjoon Kwon
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, South Korea
| | - Rick Mukherjee
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, South Korea
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29
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Yin Z, Li C, Allcock J, Zheng Y, Gu X, Dai M, Zhang S, An S. Shortcuts to adiabaticity for open systems in circuit quantum electrodynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:188. [PMID: 35013301 PMCID: PMC8748912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortcuts to adiabaticity are powerful quantum control methods, allowing quick evolution into target states of otherwise slow adiabatic dynamics. Such methods have widespread applications in quantum technologies, and various shortcuts to adiabaticity protocols have been demonstrated in closed systems. However, realizing shortcuts to adiabaticity for open quantum systems has presented a challenge due to the complex controls in existing proposals. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of shortcuts to adiabaticity for open quantum systems, using a superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics system. By applying a counterdiabatic driving pulse, we reduce the adiabatic evolution time of a single lossy mode from 800 ns to 100 ns. In addition, we propose and implement an optimal control protocol to achieve fast and qubit-unconditional equilibrium of multiple lossy modes. Our results pave the way for precise time-domain control of open quantum systems and have potential applications in designing fast open-system protocols of physical and interdisciplinary interest, such as accelerating bioengineering and chemical reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Yin
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhen Li
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jonathan Allcock
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicong Zheng
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Maochun Dai
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuoming An
- Tencent Quantum Laboratory, Tencent, 518057, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Ma WL, Puri S, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1789-1805. [PMID: 36654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies, such as optical photons for quantum communication, magnons in spin ensembles for quantum information storage and mechanical modes for reversible microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. There is emerging interest in utilizing bosonic modes for quantum information processing, with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) as one of the leading architectures. Quantum information can be encoded into subspaces of a bosonic superconducting cavity mode with long coherence time. However, standard Gaussian operations (e.g., beam splitting and two-mode squeezing) are insufficient for universal quantum computing. The major challenge is to introduce additional nonlinear control beyond Gaussian operations without adding significant bosonic loss or decoherence. Here we review recent advances in universal control of a single bosonic code with superconducting circuits, including unitary control, quantum feedback control, driven-dissipative control and holonomic dissipative control. Various approaches to entangling different bosonic modes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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31
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Qin W, Miranowicz A, Jing H, Nori F. Generating Long-Lived Macroscopically Distinct Superposition States in Atomic Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093602. [PMID: 34506157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose to create and stabilize long-lived macroscopic quantum superposition states in atomic ensembles. We show that using a fully quantum parametric amplifier can cause the simultaneous decay of two atoms and, in turn, create stabilized atomic Schrödinger cat states. Remarkably, even with modest parameters these intracavity atomic cat states can have an extremely long lifetime, up to 4 orders of magnitude longer than that of intracavity photonic cat states under the same parameter conditions, reaching tens of milliseconds. This lifetime of atomic cat states is ultimately limited to several seconds by extremely weak spin relaxation and thermal noise. Our work opens up a new way toward the long-standing goal of generating large-size and long-lived cat states, with immediate interests both in fundamental studies and noise-immune quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hui Jing
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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32
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Lu Y, Strandberg I, Quijandría F, Johansson G, Gasparinetti S, Delsing P. Propagating Wigner-Negative States Generated from the Steady-State Emission of a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:253602. [PMID: 34241509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the steady-state generation of propagating Wigner-negative states from a continuously driven superconducting qubit. We reconstruct the Wigner function of the radiation emitted into propagating modes defined by their temporal envelopes, using digital filtering. For an optimized temporal filter, we observe a large Wigner logarithmic negativity, in excess of 0.08, in agreement with theory. The fidelity between the theoretical predictions and the states generated experimentally is up to 99%, reaching state-of-the-art realizations in the microwave frequency domain. Our results provide a new way to generate and control nonclassical states, and may enable promising applications such as quantum networks and quantum computation based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Quijandría
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Delsing
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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33
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Keşkekler A, Shoshani O, Lee M, van der Zant HSJ, Steeneken PG, Alijani F. Tuning nonlinear damping in graphene nanoresonators by parametric-direct internal resonance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1099. [PMID: 33597524 PMCID: PMC7889630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical sources of nonlinear damping play a central role in modern physics, from solid-state physics to thermodynamics. The microscopic theory of mechanical dissipation suggests that nonlinear damping of a resonant mode can be strongly enhanced when it is coupled to a vibration mode that is close to twice its resonance frequency. To date, no experimental evidence of this enhancement has been realized. In this letter, we experimentally show that nanoresonators driven into parametric-direct internal resonance provide supporting evidence for the microscopic theory of nonlinear dissipation. By regulating the drive level, we tune the parametric resonance of a graphene nanodrum over a range of 40–70 MHz to reach successive two-to-one internal resonances, leading to a nearly two-fold increase of the nonlinear damping. Our study opens up a route towards utilizing modal interactions and parametric resonance to realize resonators with engineered nonlinear dissipation over wide frequency range. Nonlinear dissipation is frequently observed in nanomechanical resonators, but its microscopic origin remains unclear. Here, nonlinear damping is found to be enhanced in graphene nanodrums close to internal resonance conditions, providing insights on the mechanisms at the basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Keşkekler
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
| | - Oriel Shoshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Martin Lee
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Farbod Alijani
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
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34
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Gertler JM, Baker B, Li J, Shirol S, Koch J, Wang C. Protecting a bosonic qubit with autonomous quantum error correction. Nature 2021; 590:243-248. [PMID: 33568826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To build a universal quantum computer from fragile physical qubits, effective implementation of quantum error correction (QEC)1 is an essential requirement and a central challenge. Existing demonstrations of QEC are based on an active schedule of error-syndrome measurements and adaptive recovery operations2,3,4,5,6,7 that are hardware intensive and prone to introducing and propagating errors. In principle, QEC can be realized autonomously and continuously by tailoring dissipation within the quantum system1,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, but so far it has remained challenging to achieve the specific form of dissipation required to counter the most prominent errors in a physical platform. Here we encode a logical qubit in Schrödinger cat-like multiphoton states15 of a superconducting cavity, and demonstrate a corrective dissipation process that stabilizes an error-syndrome operator: the photon number parity. Implemented with continuous-wave control fields only, this passive protocol protects the quantum information by autonomously correcting single-photon-loss errors and boosts the coherence time of the bosonic qubit by over a factor of two. Notably, QEC is realized in a modest hardware setup with neither high-fidelity readout nor fast digital feedback, in contrast to the technological sophistication required for prior QEC demonstrations. Compatible with additional phase-stabilization and fault-tolerant techniques16,17,18, our experiment suggests quantum dissipation engineering as a resource-efficient alternative or supplement to active QEC in future quantum computing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Gertler
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brian Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Juliang Li
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shruti Shirol
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jens Koch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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35
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Cai W, Ma Y, Wang W, Zou CL, Sun L. Bosonic quantum error correction codes in superconducting quantum circuits. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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36
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Lieu S, Belyansky R, Young JT, Lundgren R, Albert VV, Gorshkov AV. Symmetry Breaking and Error Correction in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:240405. [PMID: 33412027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.240405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking transitions are a well-understood phenomenon of closed quantum systems in quantum optics, condensed matter, and high energy physics. However, symmetry breaking in open systems is less thoroughly understood, in part due to the richer steady-state and symmetry structure that such systems possess. For the prototypical open system-a Lindbladian-a unitary symmetry can be imposed in a "weak" or a "strong" way. We characterize the possible Z_{n} symmetry-breaking transitions for both cases. In the case of Z_{2}, a weak-symmetry-broken phase guarantees at most a classical bit steady-state structure, while a strong-symmetry-broken phase admits a partially protected steady-state qubit. Viewing photonic cat qubits through the lens of strong-symmetry breaking, we show how to dynamically recover the logical information after any gap-preserving strong-symmetric error; such recovery becomes perfect exponentially quickly in the number of photons. Our study forges a connection between driven-dissipative phase transitions and error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lieu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jeremy T Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Rex Lundgren
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Victor V Albert
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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37
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Wang Z, Navarrete-Benlloch C, Cai Z. Pattern Formation and Exotic Order in Driven-Dissipative Bose-Hubbard Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:115301. [PMID: 32975958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern experimental platforms such as superconducting circuit arrays call for the exploration of bosonic tight-binding models in unconventional situations with no counterpart in real materials. Here we investigate one such situation in which excitations are driven and damped by pairs, leading to pattern formation and exotic bosonic states emerging from a nonequilibrium quantum many-body system. Focusing on a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model, we find that its steady states are characterized by the condensation of bosons around momenta lying on a "Bose surface," a bosonic analog of the Fermi surface in solid-state systems. The interplay between instabilities generated by the driving, the nonlinear dissipative mode coupling, and the underlying lattice effect allows the system to equilibrate into an exotic superfluid state of bosons condensed on a closed ring in momentum space instead of discrete points. Such an unconventional state with a spatially uniform density distribution goes beyond the traditional scope of pattern formation and thus has no counterpart in the classical literature. In addition, it is a state connected to several open problems in modern condensed-matter physics. Here we provide the means to stabilize it, opening the way to its experimental study. Moreover, we also provide a concrete experimental implementation of our model in currently available superconducting circuit arrays. We also investigate the relaxation spectrum around the condensate, which shows a characteristic purely diffusive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Carlos Navarrete-Benlloch
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zi Cai
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Noh K, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Encoding an Oscillator into Many Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:080503. [PMID: 32909762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An outstanding challenge for quantum information processing using bosonic systems is Gaussian errors such as excitation loss and added thermal noise errors. Thus, bosonic quantum error correction is essential. Most bosonic quantum error correction schemes encode a finite-dimensional logical qubit or qudit into noisy bosonic oscillator modes. In this case, however, the infinite-dimensional bosonic nature of the physical system is lost at the error-corrected logical level. On the other hand, there are several proposals for encoding an oscillator mode into many noisy oscillator modes. However, these oscillator-into-oscillators encoding schemes are in the class of Gaussian quantum error correction. Therefore, these codes cannot correct practically relevant Gaussian errors due to the established no-go theorems that state that Gaussian errors cannot be corrected by using only Gaussian resources. Here, we circumvent these no-go results and show that it is possible to correct Gaussian errors by using Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states as non-Gaussian resources. In particular, we propose a non-Gaussian oscillator-into-oscillators code, namely the GKP two-mode squeezing code, and demonstrate that it can quadratically suppress additive Gaussian noise errors in both the position and momentum quadratures except for a small sublogarithmic correction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our GKP two-mode squeezing code is near optimal in the weak noise limit by proving via quantum information theoretic tools that quadratic noise suppression is optimal when we use two physical oscillator modes. Lastly, we show that our non-Gaussian oscillator encoding scheme can also be used to correct excitation loss and thermal noise errors, which are dominant error sources in many realistic bosonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoo Noh
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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39
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Garbe L, Wade P, Minganti F, Shammah N, Felicetti S, Nori F. Dissipation-induced bistability in the two-photon Dicke model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13408. [PMID: 32770061 PMCID: PMC7414202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dicke model is a paradigmatic quantum-optical model describing the interaction of a collection of two-level systems with a single bosonic mode. Effective implementations of this model made it possible to observe the emergence of superradiance, i.e., cooperative phenomena arising from the collective nature of light-matter interactions. Via reservoir engineering and analogue quantum simulation techniques, current experimental platforms allow us not only to implement the Dicke model but also to design more exotic interactions, such as the two-photon Dicke model. In the Hamiltonian case, this model presents an interesting phase diagram characterized by two quantum criticalities: a superradiant phase transition and a spectral collapse, that is, the coalescence of discrete energy levels into a continuous band. Here, we investigate the effects of both qubit and photon dissipation on the phase transition and on the instability induced by the spectral collapse. Using a mean-field decoupling approximation, we analytically obtain the steady-state expectation values of the observables signaling a symmetry breaking, identifying a first-order phase transition from the normal to the superradiant phase. Our stability analysis unveils a very rich phase diagram, which features stable, bistable, and unstable phases depending on the dissipation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Garbe
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Peregrine Wade
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Minganti
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nathan Shammah
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Unitary Fund, 340 S Lemon Ave. 7770, Walnut, CA, 91789, USA
| | - Simone Felicetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA
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40
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Puri S, St-Jean L, Gross JA, Grimm A, Frattini NE, Iyer PS, Krishna A, Touzard S, Jiang L, Blais A, Flammia ST, Girvin SM. Bias-preserving gates with stabilized cat qubits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5901. [PMID: 32937376 PMCID: PMC7442480 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The code capacity threshold for error correction using biased-noise qubits is known to be higher than with qubits without such structured noise. However, realistic circuit-level noise severely restricts these improvements. This is because gate operations, such as a controlled-NOT (CX) gate, which do not commute with the dominant error, unbias the noise channel. Here, we overcome the challenge of implementing a bias-preserving CX gate using biased-noise stabilized cat qubits in driven nonlinear oscillators. This continuous-variable gate relies on nontrivial phase space topology of the cat states. Furthermore, by following a scheme for concatenated error correction, we show that the availability of bias-preserving CX gates with moderately sized cats improves a rigorous lower bound on the fault-tolerant threshold by a factor of two and decreases the overhead in logical Clifford operations by a factor of five. Our results open a path toward high-threshold, low-overhead, fault-tolerant codes tailored to biased-noise cat qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Puri
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lucas St-Jean
- Institut quantique and D'epartment de Physique, Universit'e de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Universit'e, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Gross
- Institut quantique and D'epartment de Physique, Universit'e de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Universit'e, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nicholas E Frattini
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Pavithran S Iyer
- Institute of Quantum Computing, 200 University Of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anirudh Krishna
- Institut quantique and D'epartment de Physique, Universit'e de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Universit'e, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Steven Touzard
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Institut quantique and D'epartment de Physique, Universit'e de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Universit'e, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven T Flammia
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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41
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Wang Z, Jaako T, Kirton P, Rabl P. Supercorrelated Radiance in Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213601. [PMID: 32530664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tuomas Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kirton
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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42
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Abah O, Puebla R, Paternostro M. Quantum State Engineering by Shortcuts to Adiabaticity in Interacting Spin-Boson Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:180401. [PMID: 32441978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a fast and robust framework to prepare nonclassical states of a bosonic mode exploiting a coherent exchange of excitations with a two-level system ruled by a Jaynes-Cummings interaction mechanism. Our protocol, which is built on shortcuts to adiabaticity, allows for the generation of arbitrary Fock states of the bosonic mode, as well as coherent quantum superpositions of a Schrödinger cat-like form. In addition, we show how to obtain a class of photon-shifted states where the vacuum population is removed, a result akin to photon addition, but displaying more nonclassicality than standard photon-added states. Owing to the ubiquity of the spin-boson interaction that we consider, our proposal is amenable for implementations in state-of-the-art experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Abah
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Puebla
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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43
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Hann CT, Zou CL, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Schoelkopf RJ, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Hardware-Efficient Quantum Random Access Memory with Hybrid Quantum Acoustic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250501. [PMID: 31922763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems in which acoustic resonators couple to superconducting qubits are promising quantum information platforms. High quality factors and small mode volumes make acoustic modes ideal quantum memories, while the qubit-phonon coupling enables the initialization and manipulation of quantum states. We present a scheme for quantum computing with multimode quantum acoustic systems, and based on this scheme, propose a hardware-efficient implementation of a quantum random access memory (QRAM). Quantum information is stored in high-Q phonon modes, and couplings between modes are engineered by applying off-resonant drives to a transmon qubit. In comparison to existing proposals that involve directly exciting the qubit, this scheme can offer a substantial improvement in gate fidelity for long-lived acoustic modes. We show how these engineered phonon-phonon couplings can be used to access data in superposition according to the state of designated address modes-implementing a QRAM on a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor T Hann
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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44
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Dutta S, Cooper NR. Critical Response of a Quantum van der Pol Oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:250401. [PMID: 31922802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.250401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Classical dynamical systems close to a critical point are known to act as efficient sensors due to a strongly nonlinear response. We explore such systems in the quantum regime by modeling a quantum version of a driven van der Pol oscillator. We find the classical response survives down to one excitation quantum. At very weak drives, genuine quantum features arise, including diverging and negative susceptibilities. Further, the linear response is greatly enhanced by using a strong incoherent pump. These results are largely generic and can be probed in current experimental platforms suited for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel R Cooper
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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45
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Kervinen M, Ramírez-Muñoz JE, Välimaa A, Sillanpää MA. Landau-Zener-Stückelberg Interference in a Multimode Electromechanical System in the Quantum Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:240401. [PMID: 31922814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The studies of mechanical resonators in the quantum regime not only provide insight into the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics of massive objects, but also introduce promising platforms for novel hybrid quantum technologies. Here we demonstrate a configurable interaction between a superconducting qubit and many acoustic modes in the quantum regime. Specifically, we show how consecutive Landau-Zener-Stückelberg (LZS) tunneling type of transitions, which take place when a system is tuned through an avoided crossing of the coupled energy levels, interfere in a multimode system. The work progresses experimental LZS interference to cover a new class of systems where the coupled levels are those of a quantum two-level system interacting with a multitude of mechanical oscillators. The work opens up applications in controlling multiple acoustic modes via parametric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Kervinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Jhon E Ramírez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alpo Välimaa
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Mika A Sillanpää
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
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46
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Li DX, Liao XM, Shao XQ. One-way quantum state transfer in a lossy coupled-cavity array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35971-35980. [PMID: 31878761 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum state transfer plays an important role in quantum information processing, and it has been obtained many of the theoretical and experimental triumphs. But designing a dissipation-assisted scheme to transfer a quantum state is still by no means trivial. Here we put forward an easier scheme to dissipatively transfer an arbitrary quantum state from a sender to a receiver with two four-level atoms and three lasers in a lossy coupled-cavity array, and make the quantum state stable at the receiver via the photon loss of optical cavities. Owing to the assistance of the dissipation, the target state becomes the steady state of the whole process. Thus there is no requirement on external time-dependent controls. Furthermore, the atomic spontaneous emission can be significantly suppressed as the adiabatic elimination of the excited states. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this scheme with the current experimental technologies and a high fidelity of the transferred state in the receiver can be above 98%.
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47
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Heugel TL, Biondi M, Zilberberg O, Chitra R. Quantum Transducer Using a Parametric Driven-Dissipative Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173601. [PMID: 31702226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study a dissipative Kerr resonator subject to both single- and two-photon detuned drives. Beyond a critical detuning threshold, the Kerr resonator exhibits a semiclassical first-order dissipative phase transition between two different steady states that are characterized by a π phase switch of the cavity field. This transition is shown to persist deep into the quantum limit of low photon numbers. Remarkably, the detuning frequency at which this transition occurs depends almost linearly on the amplitude of the single-photon drive. Based on this phase-switching feature, we devise a sensitive quantum transducer that translates the observed frequency of the parametric quantum phase transition to the detected single-photon amplitude signal. The effects of noise and temperature on the corresponding sensing protocol are addressed, and a realistic circuit-QED implementation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni L Heugel
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Biondi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oded Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Chitra
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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48
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Cian ZP, Zhu G, Chu SK, Seif A, DeGottardi W, Jiang L, Hafezi M. Photon Pair Condensation by Engineered Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063602. [PMID: 31491141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that, by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e., single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Pei Cian
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Su-Kuan Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wade DeGottardi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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49
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Dykman MI, Rastelli G, Roukes ML, Weig EM. Resonantly Induced Friction and Frequency Combs in Driven Nanomechanical Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:254301. [PMID: 31347858 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new mechanism of friction in resonantly driven vibrational systems. The form of the friction force follows from the time- and spatial-symmetry arguments. We consider a microscopic mechanism of this resonant force in nanomechanical systems. The friction can be negative, leading to the onset of self-sustained oscillations of the amplitude and phase of forced vibrations, which result in a frequency comb in the power spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Dykman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M L Roukes
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Eva M Weig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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50
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Stabilization of All Bell States in a Lossy Coupled-Cavity Array. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21040402. [PMID: 33267116 PMCID: PMC7514889 DOI: 10.3390/e21040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A scheme is proposed to generate maximally entangled states of two Λ-type atoms trapped in separate overdamped optical cavities using quantum-jump-based feedback. This proposal can stabilize not only the singlet state, but also the other three triplet states by alternating the detuning parameter and relative phase of the classical fields. Meanwhile it is convenient to manipulate atoms, and much more robust against spontaneous emission of atoms. The parameters related to the potential experiment are analyzed comprehensively and it is confirmed that the quantum feedback technology is a significant tool for entanglement production with a high fidelity.
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