1
|
Cheng L, Zhang H, Li X, Fan J, Xiang Q. Carbon-Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005231. [PMID: 33289337 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) and various carbon materials have experienced a renaissance as viable alternates in photocatalysis due to their captivating metal-free features, favorable photoelectric properties, and economic adaptabilities. Although numerous efforts have focused on the integration of both materials with optimized photocatalytic performance in recent years, the direct parameters for this emerging enhancement are not fully summarized yet. Fully understanding the synergistic effects between g-C3 N4 and carbon materials on photocatalytic action is vital to further development of metal-free semiconductors in future studies. Here, recent advances of carbon/g-C3 N4 hybrids on various photocatalytic applications are reviewed. The dominant governing factors by inducing carbon into g-C3 N4 photocatalysts with involving photocatalytic mechanism are highlighted. Five typical carbon-induced enhancement effects are mainly discussed here, i.e., local electric modification, band structure tailoring, multiple charge carrier activation, chemical group functionalization, and abundant surface-modified engineering. Photocatalytic performance of carbon-induced g-C3 N4 photocatalysts for addressing directly both the renewable energy storage and environmental remediation is also summarized. Finally, perspectives and ongoing challenges encountered in the development of metal-free carbon-induced g-C3 N4 photocatalysts are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huaiwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Energy Plants Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu C, Lee SL, Taylor C, Li J, Chan YM, Agarwal R, Temple R, Throckmorton D, Tyner K. Scientific and Regulatory Approach to Botanical Drug Development: A U.S. FDA Perspective. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:552-562. [PMID: 31977211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The United States FDA has received over 800 botanical investigational new drug applications (IND) and pre-IND meeting requests (PIND) in the years preceding 2018. The current data show that indications for submitted INDs cover nearly every review division of the FDA. Despite increasing global interest in the investigation of botanical mixtures as drug products, only two botanical new drug applications (NDA) have been approved in the U.S.: Veregen in 2006 and Fulyzaq (also known as Mytesi) in 2012. Given botanicals' chemical and biological complexity, efforts in characterizing their pharmacology, demonstrating therapeutic efficacy, and ensuring quality consistency remain scientific and regulatory challenges. The FDA published a revised Botanical Drug Development Guidance for Industry document in December 2016 to address developmental considerations for late-phase trials and to provide recommendations intended to facilitate botanical drug development. Herein, we present an analysis of botanical INDs showing their variety of botanical raw materials (e.g., coming from different geographic regions, single vs multiple herbs), the varied levels of previous human experience, and therapeutic areas, as well as provide an overview of experience and challenges in reviewing botanical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Wu
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Su-Lin Lee
- Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Cassandra Taylor
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Jing Li
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Yen-Ming Chan
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- New Drug Products Branch II, Division of New Drug Products I, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Robert Temple
- Office of the Center Director , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Douglas Throckmorton
- Office of the Center Director , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Katherine Tyner
- Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality , Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng Y. Mass Spectrometry-Sensitive Probes Coupled with Direct Analysis in Real Time for Simultaneous Sensing of Chemical and Biological Properties of Botanical Drugs. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9001-9009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Rare Medicinal Plants, Wuyi 321200, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen Q, Li HL, Mai SY, Tan YF, Chen F. Tissue Distribution of Active Principles from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Extract: An Experimental Study in Rats. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180910102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (Yizhi in Chinese) have been widely used as an
herbal medicine for the treatment of diuresis, enuresis and diarrhea in China. Many studies have deciphered
some potential underlying mechanisms for its anti-diarrheal effects. However, tissue distribution
of Yizhi constituents is warranted because pharmacological receptors are frequently located in tissues.
Moreover, it is also interesting to know about the potential correlation between behavior in drug distribution
and the observed pharmacological response. The aim of this study is to investigate tissue distribution
behaviors of Yizhi constituents after oral administration of Yizhi extract to rats, focusing on 10
active principles.
Methods:
Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were given orally the Yizhi extract and fourteen tissue
samples were collected after being killed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta under ether anesthesia
at different time-points. The resulting tissues were excised and homogenized. Based on our previous
reports, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify
the target analytes, as well as phase II metabolites, in the various biosamples.
Results:
Almost all the targeted Yizhi active principles and some glucuronidated metabolites were
qualitatively measured in rat stomach, small intestine, large intestine, as well as liver. Nootkatone,
yakuchinone A and tectochrysin were observed in the rat brain. In other rat tissues, these analytes had
lower exposure or could not be detected. Consistently, quantitative analysis revealed that the Yizhi active
principles dominantly distributed into gastrointestinal tissues followed by liver, the overall exposure
levels ranking as follows: stomach > small intestine > large intestine > liver. Tissue concentrationtime
profiles of the test active principles in rat stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were bimodal
with two concentration peaks occurring at 0.5 and 4h after oral administration, respectively. The
exposure levels in rat kidney and bladder were quite low.
Conclusion:
The active principles of Yizhi were specially distributed into gastrointestinal tissues after
oral administration of its ethanol extract to rats. The tissue distribution behaviors partly supported its
anti-diarrheal effects from a pharmacokinetic opinion. This paper will be useful as the starting point for
studying the pharmacological activities of this traditional herb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shi-Ying Mai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yin-Feng Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo C, Zhao S, Dai W, Zheng N, Wang J. Proteomic Analysis of Lysosomal Membrane Proteins in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Illuminates Potential Novel Lysosome Functions in Lactation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13041-13049. [PMID: 30499671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) is a complex biological process that involves in various organelles. Studies have shown that lysosome and lysosomal membrane proteins (LMP) plays an important role in lactation of BMEC. But the LMP of BMEC remains poorly understood. To obtain a global view of the LMP of BMEC and the affect of lysosome on lactation, the LMP of BMEC was identified using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (LC-SWATH/MS). 1214 LMP were identified and 559 were reported to be localized on lysosomal membrane for the first time in BMEC. Gene ontology annotation of these identified proteins showed that both previously reported casein synthesis-related LMP, such as LAMTOR1, 2, 3, and rRagC, and newly identified casein and milk fat synthesis-related LMP, such as EIF4E and ACAA1, were found. KEGG pathway analysis of these identified proteins showed that some pathways involved in lactation, such as PI3K-Akt, mTOR, insulin, PPAR, and JAK-STAT pathway, were found. The lysosomal location of five proteins (PRKCA, EIF4E, ACAA1, HRAS, and THBS1) was analyzed by laser confocal microscopy, and all five were associated with the lysosomal membrane. These findings help to elucidate lysosome functions in the regulation of lactation. The results implicate lysosomes as important organelles in regulation of lactation of BMEC that have been previously undervalued.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen Q, You Z, Yu Y, Qin T, Su Y, Wang H, Wu C, Zhang F, Yang H. A Carbon Quantum Dots/Porous InVO4
Microsphere Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China310058
| | - Zengyu You
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
| | - Yuxuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
| | - Chunchun Wu
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China310058
- Zigong Innovation Center; Zhejiang University; Sichuan P. R. China643000
| | - Fang Zhang
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China310058
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China310027
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China310058
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A multiple biomarker assay for quality assessment of botanical drugs using a versatile microfluidic chip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12243. [PMID: 28947774 PMCID: PMC5612938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality control is critical for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Current quality control method for botanical drugs is mainly based on chemical testing. However, chemical testing alone may not be sufficient as it may not capture all constituents of botanical drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a bioassay correlating with the drug's known mechanism of action to ensure its potency and activity. Herein we developed a multiple biomarker assay to assess the quality of botanicals using microfluidics, where enzyme inhibition was employed to indicate the drug's activity and thereby evaluate biological consistency. This approach was exemplified on QiShenYiQi Pills using thrombin and angiotensin converting enzyme as "quality biomarkers". Our results demonstrated that there existed variations in potency across different batches of the intermediates and preparations. Compared with chromatographic fingerprinting, the bioassay provided better discrimination ability for some abnormal samples. Moreover, the chip could function as "affinity chromatography" to identify bioactive phytochemicals bound to the enzymes. This work proposed a multiple-biomarker strategy for quality assessment of botanical drugs, while demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of microfluidics in this field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng J, Zhang XL, Li YY, Cui YY, Chen YH. Pinus massoniana Bark Extract: Structure-Activity Relationship and Biomedical Potentials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1559-1577. [PMID: 27852122 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) belong to the condensed tannin subfamily of natural flavonoids. Recent studies have shown that the main bioactive compounds of Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) are PAs, especially the proanthocyanidins B series, which play important roles in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and migration inhibition of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. PA-Bs are mixtures of oligomers and polymers composed of flavan-3-ol, and the relationship between their structure and corresponding biomedical potentials is summarized in this paper. The hydroxyl at certain positions or the linkage between different carbon atoms of different rings determines or affects their anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging bioactivities. The degree of polymerization and the water solubility of the reaction system also influence their biomedical potential. Taken together, PMBE has a promising future in clinical drug development as a candidate anticancer drug and as a food additive to prevent tumorigenesis. We hope this review will encourage interested researchers to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate the anticancer activities of PMBE, its active constituents and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- ‡ Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- ‡ Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ya Li
- ‡ Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- * Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
- † Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- ‡ Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- * Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
- † Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- § Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- ¶ Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steinbaugh MJ, Narasimhan SD, Robida-Stubbs S, Moronetti Mazzeo LE, Dreyfuss JM, Hourihan JM, Raghavan P, Operaña TN, Esmaillie R, Blackwell TK. Lipid-mediated regulation of SKN-1/Nrf in response to germ cell absence. eLife 2015. [PMID: 26196144 PMCID: PMC4541496 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, ablation of germline stem cells (GSCs) extends lifespan, but also increases fat accumulation and alters lipid metabolism, raising the intriguing question of how these effects might be related. Here, we show that a lack of GSCs results in a broad transcriptional reprogramming in which the conserved detoxification regulator SKN-1/Nrf increases stress resistance, proteasome activity, and longevity. SKN-1 also activates diverse lipid metabolism genes and reduces fat storage, thereby alleviating the increased fat accumulation caused by GSC absence. Surprisingly, SKN-1 is activated by signals from this fat, which appears to derive from unconsumed yolk that was produced for reproduction. We conclude that SKN-1 plays a direct role in maintaining lipid homeostasis in which it is activated by lipids. This SKN-1 function may explain the importance of mammalian Nrf proteins in fatty liver disease and suggest that particular endogenous or dietary lipids might promote health through SKN-1/Nrf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John M Hourihan
- Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Reza Esmaillie
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|