1
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Chen T, Zhang C, Cheng L, Ng KB, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Flambaum VV, Lasner Z, Doyle JM, Yu P, Conn CJ, Zhang C, Hutzler NR, Jayich AM, Augenbraun B, DeMille D. Relativistic Exact Two-Component Coupled-Cluster Study of Molecular Sensitivity Factors for Nuclear Schiff Moments. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39047199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic exact two-component coupled-cluster calculations of molecular sensitivity factors for nuclear Schiff moments (NSMs) are reported. We focus on molecules containing heavy nuclei, especially octupole-deformed nuclei. Analytic relativistic coupled-cluster gradient techniques are used and serve as useful tools for identifying candidate molecules that sensitively probe for physics beyond the Standard Model in the hadronic sector. Notably, these tools enable straightforward "black-box" calculations. Two competing chemical mechanisms that contribute to the NSM are analyzed, illuminating the physics of ligand effects on NSM sensitivity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Victor V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zack Lasner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Phelan Yu
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandler J Conn
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andrew M Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Benjamin Augenbraun
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, United States
| | - David DeMille
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Qin Y, Shao Z, Hong T, Wang Y, Jiang M, Peng X. New Classes of Magnetic Noise Self-Compensation Effects in Atomic Comagnetometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:023202. [PMID: 39073942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Precision measurements of anomalous spin-dependent interactions are often hindered by magnetic noise and other magnetic systematic effects. Atomic comagnetometers use the distinct spin precession of two species and have emerged as important tools for effectively mitigating the magnetic noise. Nevertheless, the operation of existing comagnetometers is limited to very low-frequency noise commonly below 1 Hz. Here, we report a new type of atomic comagnetometer based on a magnetic noise self-compensation mechanism originating from the destructive interference between alkali-metal and noble-gas spins. Our comagnetometer employing K-^{3}He system remarkably suppresses magnetic noise exceeding 2 orders of magnitude at higher frequencies up to 160 Hz. Moreover, we discover that the capability of our comagnetometer to suppress magnetic noise is spatially dependent on the orientation of the noise and can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the applied bias magnetic field. Our findings open up new possibilities for precision measurements, including enhancing the search sensitivity of spin-dark matter particles interactions into unexplored parameter space.
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3
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Arrowsmith-Kron G, Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis M, Au M, Ballof J, Berger R, Borschevsky A, Breier AA, Buchinger F, Budker D, Caldwell L, Charles C, Dattani N, de Groote RP, DeMille D, Dickel T, Dobaczewski J, Düllmann CE, Eliav E, Engel J, Fan M, Flambaum V, Flanagan KT, Gaiser AN, Garcia Ruiz RF, Gaul K, Giesen TF, Ginges JSM, Gottberg A, Gwinner G, Heinke R, Hoekstra S, Holt JD, Hutzler NR, Jayich A, Karthein J, Leach KG, Madison KW, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Miyagi T, Moore ID, Moroch S, Navratil P, Nazarewicz W, Neyens G, Norrgard EB, Nusgart N, Pašteka LF, N Petrov A, Plaß WR, Ready RA, Pascal Reiter M, Reponen M, Rothe S, Safronova MS, Scheidenerger C, Shindler A, Singh JT, Skripnikov LV, Titov AV, Udrescu SM, Wilkins SG, Yang X. Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084301. [PMID: 38215499 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Molecules containing short-lived, radioactive nuclei are uniquely positioned to enable a wide range of scientific discoveries in the areas of fundamental symmetries, astrophysics, nuclear structure, and chemistry. Recent advances in the ability to create, cool, and control complex molecules down to the quantum level, along with recent and upcoming advances in radioactive species production at several facilities around the world, create a compelling opportunity to coordinate and combine these efforts to bring precision measurement and control to molecules containing extreme nuclei. In this manuscript, we review the scientific case for studying radioactive molecules, discuss recent atomic, molecular, nuclear, astrophysical, and chemical advances which provide the foundation for their study, describe the facilities where these species are and will be produced, and provide an outlook for the future of this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mia Au
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Ballof
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Accelerator Systems Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Breier
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, United States of America
| | - Luke Caldwell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Christopher Charles
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nike Dattani
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- HPQC College, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruben P de Groote
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David DeMille
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States of America
| | - Timo Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacek Dobaczewski
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph E Düllmann
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ephraim Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan Engel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | | | - Kieran T Flanagan
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa N Gaiser
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Ronald F Garcia Ruiz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Gaul
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Giesen
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jacinda S M Ginges
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Gwinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3M9, Canada
| | | | - Steven Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason D Holt
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Andrew Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Jonas Karthein
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kyle G Leach
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Kirk W Madison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Iain D Moore
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Scott Moroch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Petr Navratil
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Witold Nazarewicz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Gerda Neyens
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric B Norrgard
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Nusgart
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander N Petrov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Wolfgang R Plaß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Roy A Ready
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Moritz Pascal Reiter
- School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Reponen
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Christoph Scheidenerger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrea Shindler
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams & Physics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Jaideep T Singh
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Leonid V Skripnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Titov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Silviu-Marian Udrescu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shane G Wilkins
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhang C, Lipparini F, Stopkowicz S, Gauss J, Cheng L. Cholesky Decomposition-Based Implementation of Relativistic Two-Component Coupled-Cluster Methods for Medium-Sized Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:787-798. [PMID: 38198515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A Cholesky decomposition (CD)-based implementation of relativistic two-component coupled-cluster (CC) and equation-of-motion CC (EOM-CC) methods using an exact two-component Hamiltonian augmented with atomic-mean-field spin-orbit integrals (the X2CAMF scheme) is reported. The present CD-based implementation of X2CAMF-CC and EOM-CC methods employs atomic-orbital-based algorithms to avoid the construction of two-electron integrals and intermediates involving three and four virtual indices. Our CD-based implementation extends the applicability of X2CAMF-CC and EOM-CC methods to medium-sized molecules with the possibility to correlate around 1000 spinors. Benchmark calculations for uranium-containing small molecules were performed to assess the dependence of the CC results on the Cholesky threshold. A Cholesky threshold of 10-4 is shown to be sufficient to maintain chemical accuracy. Example calculations to illustrate the capability of the CD-based relativistic CC methods are reported for the bond-dissociation energy of the uranium hexafluoride molecule, UF6, with up to quadruple-ζ basis sets, and the lowest excitation energy in the solvated uranyl ion [UO22+(H2O)12].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Stella Stopkowicz
- Fachrichtung Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo N-0315, Norway
| | - Jürgen Gauss
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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5
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Anderegg L, Vilas NB, Hallas C, Robichaud P, Jadbabaie A, Doyle JM, Hutzler NR. Quantum control of trapped polyatomic molecules for eEDM searches. Science 2023; 382:665-668. [PMID: 37943899 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold polyatomic molecules are promising candidates for experiments in quantum science and precision searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. A key requirement is the ability to achieve full quantum control over the internal structure of the molecules. In this work, we established coherent control of individual quantum states in calcium monohydroxide (CaOH) and demonstrated a method for searching for the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Optically trapped, ultracold CaOH molecules were prepared in a single quantum state, polarized in an electric field, and coherently transferred into an eEDM-sensitive state where an electron spin precession measurement was performed. To extend the coherence time, we used eEDM-sensitive states with tunable, near-zero magnetic field sensitivity. Our results establish a path for eEDM searches with trapped polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paige Robichaud
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Arian Jadbabaie
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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6
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Liang H, Jiao M, Huang Y, Yu P, Ye X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Cai YF, Rong X, Du J. New constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions with an ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometer. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac262. [PMID: 37266553 PMCID: PMC10232048 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory search of exotic interactions is crucial for exploring physics beyond the standard model. We report new experimental constraints on two exotic spin-dependent interactions at the micrometer scale based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is synthesized as the solid-state spin quantum sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the interacting nucleon source. Our result establishes new bounds for two types of exotic spin interactions at the micrometer scale. For an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction, improved bounds are set within the force range from 5 to 500 μm. The upper limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] at 330 μm is more than 1000-fold more stringent than the previous constraint. For the P, T-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron interaction, improved constraints are established within the force range from 6 to 45 μm. The limit of the corresponding coupling constant [Formula: see text] is improved by more than one order of magnitude at 30 μm. This work demonstrates that a solid-state NV ensemble can be a powerful platform for probing exotic spin-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Man Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yue Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yijin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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7
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Szczepkowski J, Gronowski M, Grochola A, Jastrzebski W, Tomza M, Kowalczyk P. Excited Electronic States of Sr 2: Ab Initio Predictions and Experimental Observation of the 2 1Σ u+ State. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4473-4482. [PMID: 37192534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite its apparently simple nature with four valence electrons, the strontium dimer constitutes a challenge for modern electronic structure theory. Here we focus on excited electronic states of Sr2, which we investigate theoretically up to 25000 cm-1 above the ground state, to guide and explain new spectroscopic measurements. In particular, we focus on potential energy curves for the 11Σu+, 21Σu+, 11Πu, 21Πu, and 11Δu states computed using several variants of ab initio coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction methods to benchmark them. In addition, a new experimental study of the excited 21Σu+ state using polarization labeling spectroscopy is presented, which extends knowledge of this state to high vibrational levels, where perturbation by higher electronic states is observed. The available experimental observations are compared with the theoretical predictions and help to assess the accuracy and limitations of employed theoretical models. The present results pave the way for future more accurate theoretical and experimental spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczepkowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gronowski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Grochola
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomza
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
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8
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Zeng Y, Hutzler NR. Nonresonant cavity for multipass laser intensity buildup. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3574-3580. [PMID: 37706972 DOI: 10.1364/ao.487531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A nonresonant cavity to build up laser intensity is modeled, developed, and tested. It can be used for overlapping multiple lasers of different wavelengths, increasing their intensities by more than an order of magnitude while maintaining good uniformity. It is simple to set up, has flexible optical characteristics, and is robust against perturbations. The intensity buildup requires no resonances, and the wavelength dependence of the performance is limited only by the mirror coatings. The cavity can be used, for example, in applications requiring a spatially constrained intensity buildup, such as in atomic and molecular traps.
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9
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Guo C, Jiang M, Kang X, Su H, Qin Y, Ji W, Hu D, Peng X, Budker D. Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0353. [PMID: 36608126 PMCID: PMC9821848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing provides sensitive tabletop tools to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model, which have attracted great attention in theories and experiments. Here, we develop a technique based on Spin Amplifier for Particle PHysIcs REsearch (SAPPHIRE) to resonantly search for exotic interactions, specifically parity-odd spin-spin interactions. The present technique effectively amplifies exotic interaction fields by a factor of about 200 while being insensitive to spurious magnetic fields. Our studies, using such a quantum amplification technique, explore the parity-violation interactions mediated by a new vector boson in the challenging parameter space (force range between 3 mm and 1 km) and set the most stringent constraints on axial-vector electron-neutron couplings, substantially improving previous limits by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, our constraints on axial-vector couplings between nucleons reach into a hitherto unexplored parameter space. The present constraints complement the existing astrophysical and laboratory studies on potential standard model extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Haowen Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yushu Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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10
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Cheng L. Relativistic exact two-component coupled-cluster calculations of electronic g-factors for heavy-atom-containing molecules pertinent to search of new physics. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Su H, Jiang M, Huang Y, Qin Y, Guo C, Wang Z, Hu D, Ji W, Fadeev P, Peng X, Budker D. Limits on Axions and Axionlike Particles within the Axion Window Using a Spin-Based Amplifier. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:051801. [PMID: 35960560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the axion and axionlike particles may hold the key to unlocking some of the deepest puzzles about our Universe, such as dark matter and dark energy. Here, we use the recently demonstrated spin-based amplifier to constrain such hypothetical particles within the well-motivated "axion window" (10 μeV-1 meV) through searching for an exotic dipole-dipole interaction between polarized electron and neutron spins. The key ingredient is the use of hyperpolarized long-lived ^{129}Xe nuclear spins as an amplifier for the pseudomagnetic field generated by the exotic interaction. Using such a spin sensor, we obtain a direct upper bound on the product of coupling constants g_{p}^{e}g_{p}^{n}. The spin-based amplifier technique can be extended to searches for a wide variety of hypothetical particles beyond the standard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haowen Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yushu Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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12
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Spectroscopy of Alkali Atoms in Solid Matrices of Rare Gases: Experimental Results and Theoretical Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the spectroscopy of dilute alkali atoms in a solid matrix of inert gases at cryogenic temperatures, specifically Rubidium atoms in a solid Argon or Neon matrix, and related aspects of the interaction energies between the alkali atoms and the atoms of the solid matrix. The system considered is relevant for matrix isolation spectroscopy, and it is at the basis of a recently proposed detector of cosmological axions, exploiting magnetic-type transitions between Zeeman sublevels of alkali atoms in a magnetic field, tuned to the axion mass, assumed in the meV range. Axions are one of the supposed constituents of the dark matter (DM) of the Universe. This kind of spectroscopy could be also relevant for the experimental search of new physics beyond the Standard Model, in particular the search of violations of time-reversal or parity-charge-conjugation (CP) symmetry. In order to efficiently resolve the axion-induced transition in alkali-doped solid matrices, it is necessary to reduce as much as possible the spectral linewidth of the electronic transitions involved. The theoretical investigation presented in this paper aims to estimate the order of magnitude of the inhomogeneous contribution to the linewidth due to the alkali–matrix interactions (Coulomb/exchange and dispersion), and to compare the theoretical results with our experimental measurements of spectra of dilute Rubidium atoms in Argon and Neon solid matrix. The comparison of the expected or measured spectral linewidths will be important for selecting the most appropriate combination of alkali atoms and matrix inert elements to be used in the proposed axion detection scheme. It is finally suggested that dilute Lithium atoms diffused in a cold parahydrogen solid matrix could be, overall, a good system upon which the proposed detector could be based.
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13
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Telfah H, Sharma K, Paul AC, Riyadh SMS, Miller TA, Liu J. A combined experimental and computational study on the transition of the calcium isopropoxide radical as a candidate for direct laser cooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8749-8762. [PMID: 35352070 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibronically resolved laser-induced fluorescence/dispersed fluorescence (LIF/DF) and cavity ring-down (CRD) spectra of the electronic transition of the calcium isopropoxide [CaOCH(CH3)2] radical have been obtained under jet-cooled conditions. An essentially constant energy separation of 68 cm-1 has been observed for the vibrational ground levels and all fundamental vibrational levels accessed in the LIF measurement. To simulate the experimental spectra and assign the recorded vibronic bands, Franck-Condon (FC) factors and vibrational branching ratios (VBRs) are predicted from vibrational modes and their frequencies calculated using the complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) methods. Combined with the calculated electronic transition energy, the computational results, especially those from the EOM-CCSD calculations, reproduced the experimental spectra with considerable accuracy. The experimental and computational results suggest that the FC matrix for the studied electronic transition is largely diagonal, but transitions from the vibrationless levels of the à state to the X̃-state levels of the CCC bending (ν14 and ν15), CaO stretch (ν13), and CaOC asymmetric stretch (ν9 and ν11) modes also have considerable intensities. Transitions to low-frequency in-plane [ν17(a')] and out-of-plane [ν30(a'')] CaOC bending modes were observed in the experimental LIF/DF spectra, the latter being FC-forbidden but induced by the pseudo-Jahn-Teller (pJT) effect. Both bending modes are coupled to the CaOC asymmetric stretch mode via the Duschinsky rotation, as demonstrated in the DF spectra obtained by pumping non-origin vibronic transitions. The pJT interaction also induces transitions to the ground-state vibrational level of the ν10(a') mode, which has the CaOC bending character. Our combined experimental and computational results provide critical information for future direct laser cooling of the target molecule and other alkaline earth monoalkoxide radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Telfah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
| | - Ketan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anam C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
| | - S M Shah Riyadh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Terry A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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14
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Figueroa NL, Berengut JC, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV, Budker D, Antypas D. Precision Determination of Isotope Shifts in Ytterbium and Implications for New Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:073001. [PMID: 35244440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of isotope shifts for the five spinless Yb isotopes on the 6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→5d6s ^{1}D_{2} transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy. We combine these data with existing measurements on two transitions in Yb^{+} [Counts et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 123002 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.123002], where deviation from King-plot linearity showed hints of a new bosonic force carrier at the 3σ level. The combined data strongly reduce the significance of the new-physics signal. We show that the observed nonlinearity in the joint Yb/Yb^{+} King-plot analysis can be accounted for by the deformation of the Yb nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - D Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Zhao B, Pan JW. Quantum control of reactions and collisions at ultralow temperatures. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1685-1701. [PMID: 35169822 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At temperatures close to absolute zero, the molecular reactions and collisions are dominantly governed by quantum mechanics. Remarkable quantum phenomena such as quantum tunneling, quantum threshold behavior, quantum resonances, quantum interference, and quantum statistics are expected to be the main features in ultracold reactions and collisions. Ultracold molecules offer great opportunities and challenges in the study of these intriguing quantum phenomena in molecular processes. In this article, we review the recent progress in the preparation of ultracold molecules and the study of ultracold reactions and collisions using ultracold molecules. We focus on the controlled ultracold chemistry and the scattering resonances at ultralow temperatures. The challenges in understanding the complex ultracold reactions and collisions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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16
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Wu Y, Burau JJ, Mehling K, Ye J, Ding S. High Phase-Space Density of Laser-Cooled Molecules in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263201. [PMID: 35029467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report laser cooling and trapping of yttrium monoxide molecules in an optical lattice. We show that gray molasses cooling remains exceptionally efficient for yttrium monoxide molecules inside the lattice with a molecule temperature as low as 6.1(6) μK. This approach has produced a trapped sample of 1200 molecules, with a peak spatial density of ∼1.2×10^{10} cm^{-3}, and a peak phase-space density of ∼3.1×10^{-6}. By ramping down the lattice depth, we cool the molecules further to 1.0(2) μK, 20 times colder than previously reported for laser-cooled molecules in a trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Justin J Burau
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Kameron Mehling
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Shiqian Ding
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
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18
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Augenbraun BL, Frenett A, Sawaoka H, Hallas C, Vilas NB, Nasir A, Lasner ZD, Doyle JM. Zeeman-Sisyphus Deceleration of Molecular Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263002. [PMID: 35029484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust, continuous molecular decelerator that employs high magnetic fields and few optical pumping steps. CaOH molecules are slowed, accumulating at low velocities in a range sufficient for loading both magnetic and magneto-optical traps. During the slowing, the molecules scatter only seven photons, removing around 8 K of energy. Because large energies can be removed with only a few spontaneous radiative decays, this method can in principle be applied to nearly any paramagnetic atomic or molecular species, opening a general path to trapping of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Frenett
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Sawaoka
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Abdullah Nasir
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zack D Lasner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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19
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Su H, Wang Y, Jiang M, Ji W, Fadeev P, Hu D, Peng X, Budker D. Search for exotic spin-dependent interactions with a spin-based amplifier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9535. [PMID: 34788098 PMCID: PMC8597990 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of new techniques to search for particles beyond the standard model is crucial for understanding the ultraviolet completion of particle physics. Several hypothetical particles are predicted to mediate exotic spin-dependent interactions between standard-model particles that may be accessible to laboratory experiments. However, laboratory searches are mostly conducted for static spin-dependent interactions, with a few experiments addressing spin- and velocity-dependent interactions. Here, we demonstrate a search for these interactions with a spin-based amplifier. Our technique uses hyperpolarized nuclear spins as an amplifier for pseudo-magnetic fields produced by exotic interactions by a factor of more than 100. Using this technique, we establish constraints on the spin- and velocity-dependent interactions between polarized neutrons and unpolarized nucleons for the force range of 0.03 to 100 meters, improving previous constraints by at least two orders of magnitude in partial force range. This technique can be further extended to investigate other exotic spin-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author. (M.J.); (X.P.)
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Corresponding author. (M.J.); (X.P.)
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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20
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Wellers C, Schenkel MR, Giri GS, Brown KR, Schiller S. Controlled preparation and vibrational excitation of single ultracold molecular hydrogen ions. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wellers
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Schenkel
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gouri S. Giri
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kenneth R. Brown
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephan Schiller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Prehn A, Ibrügger M, Rempe G, Zeppenfeld M. High-Resolution "Magic"-Field Spectroscopy on Trapped Polyatomic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:173602. [PMID: 34739278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in cooling and trapping of molecules has enabled first experiments on high-resolution spectroscopy of trapped diatomic molecules, promising unprecedented precision. Extending this work to polyatomic molecules provides unique opportunities due to more complex geometries and additional internal degrees of freedom. Here, this is achieved by combining a homogeneous-field microstructured electric trap, rotational transitions with minimal Stark broadening at a"magic" offset electric field, and optoelectrical Sisyphus cooling of molecules to the low millikelvin temperature regime. We thereby reduce Stark broadening on the J=5←4 (K=3) transition of formaldehyde at 364 GHz to well below 1 kHz, observe Doppler-limited linewidths down to 3.8 kHz, and determine the magic-field line position with an uncertainty below 100 Hz. Our approach opens a multitude of possibilities for investigating diverse polyatomic molecule species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Prehn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Ibrügger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Zeppenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Jiao M, Guo M, Rong X, Cai YF, Du J. Experimental Constraint on an Exotic Parity-Odd Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction with a Single Electron Spin Quantum Sensor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:010501. [PMID: 34270279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved laboratory limits on the exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction at the micrometer scale are established with a single electron spin quantum sensor. The single electron spin of a near-surface nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is used as the quantum sensor, and a fused-silica half-sphere lens is taken as the source of the moving nucleons. The exotic interaction between the polarized electron and the moving nucleon source is explored by measuring the possible magnetic field sensed by the electron spin quantum sensor. Our experiment sets improved constraints on the exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction within the force range from 1.4 to 330 μm. The upper limit of the coupling g_{A}^{e}g_{V}^{N} at 200 μm is |g_{A}^{e}g_{V}^{N}|≤5.3×10^{-19}, significantly improving the current laboratory limit by more than 4 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Maosen Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Fu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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23
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Pilgram NH, Jadbabaie A, Zeng Y, Hutzler NR, Steimle TC. Fine and hyperfine interactions in 171YbOH and 173YbOH. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:244309. [PMID: 34241351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The odd isotopologues of ytterbium monohydroxide, 171,173YbOH, have been identified as promising molecules to measure parity (P) and time reversal (T) violating physics. Here, we characterize the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0)-X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) band near 577 nm for these odd isotopologues. Both laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of a supersonic molecular beam sample and absorption spectra of a cryogenic buffer-gas cooled sample were recorded. In addition, a novel spectroscopic technique based on laser-enhanced chemical reactions is demonstrated and used in absorption measurements. This technique is especially powerful for disentangling congested spectra. An effective Hamiltonian model is used to extract the fine and hyperfine parameters for the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0) and X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) states. A comparison of the determined X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) hyperfine parameters with recently predicted values [Denis et al., J. Chem. Phys. 152, 084303 (2020); K. Gaul and R. Berger, Phys. Rev. A 101, 012508 (2020); and Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154,064110 (2021)] is made. The measured hyperfine parameters provide experimental confirmation of the computational methods used to compute the P,T-violating coupling constants Wd and WM, which correlate P,T-violating physics to P,T-violating energy shifts in the molecule. The dependence of the fine and hyperfine parameters of the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0) and X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) states for all isotopologues of YbOH are discussed, and a comparison to isoelectronic YbF is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas H Pilgram
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Arian Jadbabaie
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Timothy C Steimle
- School of Molecular Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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24
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Aybas D, Adam J, Blumenthal E, Gramolin AV, Johnson D, Kleyheeg A, Afach S, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Garcon A, Engler M, Figueroa NL, Sendra MG, Wickenbrock A, Lawson M, Wang T, Wu T, Luo H, Mani H, Mauskopf P, Graham PW, Rajendran S, Kimball DFJ, Budker D, Sushkov AO. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141802. [PMID: 33891466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axionlike dark matter in the mass range 162-166 neV. The detection scheme of our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment is based on a precision measurement of ^{207}Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in a polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axionlike dark matter can exert an oscillating torque on ^{207}Pb nuclear spins via the electric dipole moment coupling g_{d} or via the gradient coupling g_{aNN}. We calibrate the detector and characterize the excitation spectrum and relaxation parameters of the nuclear spin ensemble with pulsed magnetic resonance measurements in a 4.4 T magnetic field. We sweep the magnetic field near this value and search for axionlike dark matter with Compton frequency within a 1 MHz band centered at 39.65 MHz. Our measurements place the upper bounds |g_{d}|<9.5×10^{-4} GeV^{-2} and |g_{aNN}|<2.8×10^{-1} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) in this frequency range. The constraint on g_{d} corresponds to an upper bound of 1.0×10^{-21} e cm on the amplitude of oscillations of the neutron electric dipole moment and 4.3×10^{-6} on the amplitude of oscillations of CP-violating θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to search for axionlike dark matter in the neV mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aybas
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janos Adam
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Emmy Blumenthal
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Dorian Johnson
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Annalies Kleyheeg
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Samer Afach
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gary P Centers
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Engler
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina Gil Sendra
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Teng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosu Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hamdi Mani
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Philip Mauskopf
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Peter W Graham
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Derek F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander O Sushkov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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25
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Bilitewski T, De Marco L, Li JR, Matsuda K, Tobias WG, Valtolina G, Ye J, Rey AM. Dynamical Generation of Spin Squeezing in Ultracold Dipolar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:113401. [PMID: 33798369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study a bulk fermionic dipolar molecular gas in the quantum degenerate regime confined in a two-dimensional geometry. Using two rotational states of the molecules, we encode a spin 1/2 degree of freedom. To describe the many-body spin dynamics of the molecules, we derive a long-range interacting XXZ model valid in the regime where motional degrees of freedom are frozen. Because of the spatially extended nature of the harmonic oscillator modes, the interactions in the spin model are very long ranged, and the system behaves close to the collective limit, resulting in robust dynamics and generation of entanglement in the form of spin squeezing even at finite temperature and in the presence of dephasing and chemical reactions. We discuss how the internal state structure can be exploited to realize time reversal and enhanced metrological sensing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bilitewski
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Luigi De Marco
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Jun-Ru Li
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - William G Tobias
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Giacomo Valtolina
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
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26
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Matsuda K, De Marco L, Li JR, Tobias WG, Valtolina G, Quéméner G, Ye J. Resonant collisional shielding of reactive molecules using electric fields. Science 2021; 370:1324-1327. [PMID: 33303614 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Full control of molecular interactions, including reactive losses, would open new frontiers in quantum science. We demonstrate extreme tunability of ultracold chemical reaction rates by inducing resonant dipolar interactions by means of an external electric field. We prepared fermionic potassium-rubidium molecules in their first excited rotational state and observed a modulation of the chemical reaction rate by three orders of magnitude as we tuned the electric field strength by a few percent across resonance. In a quasi-two-dimensional geometry, we accurately determined the contributions from the three dominant angular momentum projections of the collisions. Using the resonant features, we shielded the molecules from loss and suppressed the reaction rate by an order of magnitude below the background value, thereby realizing a long-lived sample of polar molecules in large electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Matsuda
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Luigi De Marco
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun-Ru Li
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William G Tobias
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Giacomo Valtolina
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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27
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Jiang M, Su H, Wu Z, Peng X, Budker D. Floquet maser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe0719. [PMID: 33597242 PMCID: PMC7888939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The invention of the maser stimulated revolutionary technologies such as lasers and atomic clocks. Yet, realizations of masers are still limited; in particular, the physics of masers remains unexplored in periodically driven (Floquet) systems, which are generally defined by time-periodic Hamiltonians and enable observation of many exotic phenomena such as time crystals. Here, we investigate the Floquet system of periodically driven 129Xe gas under damping feedback and unexpectedly observe a multimode maser that oscillates at frequencies of transitions between Floquet states. Our findings extend maser techniques to Floquet systems and open avenues to probe Floquet phenomena unaffected by decoherence, enabling a previously unexplored class of maser sensors. As a first application, our maser offers the capability of measuring low-frequency (1 to 100 mHz) magnetic fields with subpicotesla-level sensitivity, which is substantially better than state-of-the-art magnetometers and can be applied to, for example, ultralight dark matter searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haowen Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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28
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Valtolina G, Matsuda K, Tobias WG, Li JR, De Marco L, Ye J. Dipolar evaporation of reactive molecules to below the Fermi temperature. Nature 2020; 588:239-243. [PMID: 33299192 PMCID: PMC7735222 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The control of molecules is key to the investigation of quantum phases, in which rich degrees of freedom can be used to encode information and strong interactions can be precisely tuned1. Inelastic losses in molecular collisions2-5, however, have greatly hampered the engineering of low-entropy molecular systems6. So far, the only quantum degenerate gas of molecules has been created via association of two highly degenerate atomic gases7,8. Here we use an external electric field along with optical lattice confinement to create a two-dimensional Fermi gas of spin-polarized potassium-rubidium (KRb) polar molecules, in which elastic, tunable dipolar interactions dominate over all inelastic processes. Direct thermalization among the molecules in the trap leads to efficient dipolar evaporative cooling, yielding a rapid increase in phase-space density. At the onset of quantum degeneracy, we observe the effects of Fermi statistics on the thermodynamics of the molecular gas. These results demonstrate a general strategy for achieving quantum degeneracy in dipolar molecular gases in which strong, long-range and anisotropic dipolar interactions can drive the emergence of exotic many-body phases, such as interlayer pairing and p-wave superfluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Valtolina
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William G Tobias
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jun-Ru Li
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Luigi De Marco
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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29
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Zhang C, Korslund H, Wu Y, Ding S, Cheng L. Towards accurate prediction for laser-coolable molecules: relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for yttrium monoxide and prospects for improving its laser cooling efficiencies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26167-26177. [PMID: 33188674 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04608f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benchmark relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for yttrium monoxide (YO) with accurate treatment of relativistic and electron correlation effects are reported. The spin-orbit mixing of 2Π and 2Δ is found to be an order of magnitude smaller than previously reported in the literature. Together with the measurement of the lifetime of the A'2Δ3/2 state, it implies an enhanced capability of a narrow-line cooling scheme to bring YO to sub-recoil temperature. The computed electronic transition properties also support a four-photon scheme to close the leakage of the A2Π1/2 ↔ X2Σ1/2+ cycle through the A'2Δ3/2 state by repumping the A'2Δ3/2 state to the B2Σ1/2+ state, which subsequently decays back to X2Σ1/2+. Relativistic coupled-cluster methods, capable of providing accurate spectroscopic parameters that characterize the local potential curves and hence of providing accurate Franck-Condon factors, appear to be promising candidates for accurate calculation of properties for laser-coolable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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30
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Finite-Field Calculations of Transition Properties by the Fock Space Relativistic Coupled Cluster Method: Transitions between Different Fock Space Sectors. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable information on transition matrix elements of various property operators between molecular electronic states is of crucial importance for predicting spectroscopic, electric, magnetic and radiative properties of molecules. The finite-field technique is a simple and rather accurate tool for evaluating transition matrix elements of first-order properties in the frames of the Fock space relativistic coupled cluster approach. We formulate and discuss the extension of this technique to the case of transitions between the electronic states associated with different sectors of the Fock space. Pilot applications to the evaluation of transition dipole moments between the closed-shell-like states (vacuum sector) and those dominated by single excitations of the Fermi vacuum (the 1h1p sector) in heavy atoms (Xe and Hg) and simple molecules of heavy element compounds (I2 and TlF) are reported.
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31
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Najafian K, Meir Z, Willitsch S. From megahertz to terahertz qubits encoded in molecular ions: theoretical analysis of dipole-forbidden spectroscopic transitions in N 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23083-23098. [PMID: 33048077 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in quantum technologies have enabled the precise control of single trapped molecules on the quantum level. Exploring the scope of these new technologies, we studied theoretically the implementation of qubits and clock transitions in the spin, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular nitrogen ions including the effects of magnetic fields. The relevant spectroscopic transitions span six orders of magnitude in frequency, illustrating the versatility of the molecular spectrum for encoding quantum information. We identified two types of magnetically insensitive qubits with very low ("stretched"-state qubits) or even zero ("magic" magnetic-field qubits) linear Zeeman shifts. The corresponding spectroscopic transitions are predicted to shift by as little as a few mHz for an amplitude of magnetic-field fluctuations on the order of a few mG, translating into Zeeman-limited coherence times of tens of minutes encoded in the rotations and vibrations of the molecule. We also found that the Q(0) line of the fundamental vibrational transition is magnetic-dipole allowed by interaction with the first excited electronic state of the molecule. The Q(0) transitions, which benefit from small systematic shifts for clock operation and is thus well suited for testing a possible variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, were so far not considered in single-photon spectra. Finally, we explored possibilities to coherently control the nuclear-spin configuration of N2+ through the magnetically enhanced mixing of nuclear-spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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Verma M, Jayich AM, Vutha AC. Electron Electric Dipole Moment Searches Using Clock Transitions in Ultracold Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:153201. [PMID: 33095600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of fundamental particles such as the electron are signatures of parity and time-reversal violation occurring in physics beyond the standard model. EDM measurements probe new physics at energy scales well beyond the reach of present-day colliders. Recent advances in assembling molecules from ultracold atoms have opened up new opportunities for improving the reach of EDM experiments. However, the magnetic field sensitivity of such ultracold molecules means that new measurement techniques are needed before these opportunities can be fully exploited. We present a technique that takes advantage of magnetically insensitive hyperfine clock transitions in polar molecules, offering a way to improve both the precision and accuracy of EDM searches with ultracold assembled molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Verma
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Andrew M Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Amar C Vutha
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
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33
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Solaro C, Meyer S, Fisher K, Berengut JC, Fuchs E, Drewsen M. Improved Isotope-Shift-Based Bounds on Bosons beyond the Standard Model through Measurements of the ^{2}D_{3/2}-^{2}D_{5/2} Interval in Ca^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:123003. [PMID: 33016767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform high-resolution spectroscopy of the 3d ^{2}D_{3/2}-3d ^{2}D_{5/2} interval in all stable even isotopes of ^{A}Ca^{+} (A=40, 42, 44, 46, and 48) with an accuracy of ∼20 Hz using direct frequency-comb Raman spectroscopy. Combining these data with isotope shift measurements of the 4s ^{2}S_{1/2}↔3d ^{2}D_{5/2} transition, we carry out a King plot analysis with unprecedented sensitivity to coupling between electrons and neutrons by bosons beyond the standard model. Furthermore, we estimate the sensitivity to such bosons from equivalent spectroscopy in Ba^{+} and Yb^{+}. Finally, the data yield isotope shifts of the 4s ^{2}S_{1/2}↔3d ^{2}D_{3/2} transition at 10 parts per billion through combination with recent data of Knollmann, Patel, and Doret [Phys. Rev. A 100, 022514 (2019)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.100.022514].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Solaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karin Fisher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julian C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elina Fuchs
- Theory Department, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Michael Drewsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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34
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Identification of molecular quantum states using phase-sensitive forces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4470. [PMID: 32901016 PMCID: PMC7478981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum-logic techniques used to manipulate quantum systems are now increasingly being applied to molecules. Previous experiments on single trapped diatomic species have enabled state detection with excellent fidelities and highly precise spectroscopic measurements. However, for complex molecules with a dense energy-level structure improved methods are necessary. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced quantum protocol for molecular state detection using state-dependent forces. Our approach is based on interfering a reference and a signal force applied to a single atomic and molecular ion. By changing the relative phase of the forces, we identify states embedded in a dense molecular energy-level structure and monitor state-to-state inelastic scattering processes. This method can also be used to exclude a large number of states in a single measurement when the initial state preparation is imperfect and information on the molecular properties is incomplete. While the present experiments focus on N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}^{+}$$\end{document}2+, the method is general and is expected to be of particular benefit for polyatomic systems. The identification of molecular quantum states becomes challenging with increasing complexity of the molecular level structure. Here, the authors non-destructively identified excited molecular states of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{N}}}_{2}^{+}$$\end{document}N2+ by interfering forces applied to both the molecular ion and to a co-trapped atomic ion.
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35
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Mamaev M, Rey AM. Generating Multipartite Spin States with Fermionic Atoms in a Driven Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240401. [PMID: 32639830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a protocol for generating generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states using ultracold fermions in 3D optical lattices or optical tweezer arrays. The protocol uses the interplay between laser driving, on site interactions and external trapping confinement to enforce energetic spin- and position-dependent constraints on the atomic motion. These constraints allow us to transform a local superposition into a GHZ state through a stepwise protocol that flips one site at a time. The protocol requires no site-resolved drives or spin-dependent potentials, exhibits robustness to slow global laser phase drift, and naturally makes use of the harmonic trap that would normally cause difficulties for entanglement-generating protocols in optical lattices. We also discuss an improved protocol that can compensate for holes in the loadout at the cost of increased generation time. The state can immediately be used for quantum-enhanced metrology in 3D optical lattice clocks, opening a window to push the sensitivity of state-of-the-art sensors beyond the standard quantum limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Mamaev
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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36
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Sinhal M, Meir Z, Najafian K, Hegi G, Willitsch S. Quantum-nondemolition state detection and spectroscopy of single trapped molecules. Science 2020; 367:1213-1218. [PMID: 32165581 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz9837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trapped atoms and ions, which are among the best-controlled quantum systems, find widespread applications in quantum science. For molecules, a similar degree of control is currently lacking owing to their complex energy-level structure. Quantum-logic protocols in which atomic ions serve as probes for molecular ions are a promising route for achieving this level of control, especially for homonuclear species that decouple from blackbody radiation. Here, a quantum-nondemolition protocol on single trapped [Formula: see text] molecules is demonstrated. The spin-rovibronic state of the molecule is detected with >99% fidelity, and a spectroscopic transition is measured without destroying the quantum state. This method lays the foundations for new approaches to molecular spectroscopy, state-to-state chemistry, and the implementation of molecular qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Sinhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ziv Meir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kaveh Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hegi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Willitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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37
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Gaul K, Berger R. Toolbox approach for quasi-relativistic calculation of molecular properties for precision tests of fundamental physics. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044101. [PMID: 32007068 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A generally applicable approach for the calculation of relativistic properties described by one-electron operators within a two-component wave function approach is presented. The formalism is explicitly evaluated for the example of quasirelativistic wave functions obtained within the zeroth order regular approximation (ZORA). The wide applicability of the scheme is demonstrated for the calculation of parity (P) and time-reversal (T ) symmetry violating properties, which are important for searches of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. The quality of the ZORA results is shown exemplarily for the molecules RaF and TlF by comparison with data from four-component calculations as far as available. Finally, the applicability of RaF in experiments that search for P,T-violation not only in the electronic but also in the quark sector is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Gaul
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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38
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D'Ambrosio D, Borri S, Verde M, Borgognoni A, Insero G, De Natale P, Santambrogio G. Approaching the transit time limit for high-precision spectroscopy on metastable CO around 6 μm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24506-24511. [PMID: 31663089 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As molecular spectroscopy makes its comeback to the limelight of fundamental sciences, scientists need ever better coherent light sources and diagnostic methods. Of particular importance for molecular spectroscopy is the mid infrared spectral region, where strong and narrow ro-vibrational excitations have their fundamental transition frequencies. Unfortunately, much technology in some portions of this spectral region is still rather pioneering. Here we present a high-resolution spectroscopy experiment, based on a molecular beam setup, which pushes the measured linewidth close to the transit time limit, on the order of 100 kHz. Moreover, we discuss the issue of frequency-noise characterization and the linewidth measurement of the ultrastable infrared laser used in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D'Ambrosio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, & European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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39
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Measurement of the variation of electron-to-proton mass ratio using ultracold molecules produced from laser-cooled atoms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3771. [PMID: 31434889 PMCID: PMC6704166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental techniques to manipulate cold molecules have seen great development in recent years. The precision measurements of cold molecules are expected to give insights into fundamental physics. Here we use a rovibrationally pure sample of ultracold KRb molecules to improve the measurement on the stability of electron-to-proton mass ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\left( {\mu = \frac{{m_{\mathrm{e}}}}{{M_{\mathrm{p}}}}} \right)$$\end{document}μ=meMp. The measurement is based upon a large sensitivity coefficient of the molecular spectroscopy, which utilizes a transition between a nearly degenerate pair of vibrational levels each associated with a different electronic potential. Observed limit on temporal variation of μ is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{1}{\mu }\frac{{d\mu }}{{dt}} = (0.30 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{ - 14} \, {\mathrm{year}}^{ - 1}$$\end{document}1μdμdt=(0.30±1.0)×10-14year-1, which is better by a factor of five compared with the most stringent laboratory molecular limits to date. Further improvements should be straightforward, because our measurement was only limited by statistical errors. Ultracold molecules are suitable platforms for precision measurements due to their internal degrees of freedom. Here the authors derive a limit on the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio by using the spectroscopy of ultracold KRb molecules.
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40
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Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Guo H, Brouard M, Balakrishnan N, Aoiz FJ. Stereodynamical Control of a Quantum Scattering Resonance in Cold Molecular Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:043401. [PMID: 31491255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold collisions of light molecules are often dominated by a single partial wave resonance. For the rotational quenching of HD (v=1, j=2) by collisions with ground state para-H_{2}, the process is dominated by a single L=2 partial wave resonance centered around 0.1 K. Here, we show that this resonance can be switched on or off simply by appropriate alignment of the HD rotational angular momentum relative to the initial velocity vector, thereby enabling complete control of the collision outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad Complutense. Madrid 28040, Spain
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41
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Caldwell L, Devlin JA, Williams HJ, Fitch NJ, Hinds EA, Sauer BE, Tarbutt MR. Deep Laser Cooling and Efficient Magnetic Compression of Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:033202. [PMID: 31386461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a scheme for deep laser cooling of molecules based on robust dark states at zero velocity. By simulating this scheme, we show it to be a widely applicable method that can reach the recoil limit or below. We demonstrate and characterize the method experimentally, reaching a temperature of 5.4(7) μK. We solve a general problem of measuring low temperatures for large clouds by rotating the phase-space distribution and then directly imaging the complete velocity distribution. Using the same phase-space rotation method, we rapidly compress the cloud. Applying the cooling method a second time, we compress both the position and velocity distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caldwell
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Devlin
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Williams
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N J Fitch
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E A Hinds
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B E Sauer
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M R Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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42
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Wu T, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Figueroa NL, Garcon A, Graham PW, Kimball DFJ, Rajendran S, Stadnik YV, Sushkov AO, Wickenbrock A, Budker D. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter with a Liquid-State Nuclear Spin Comagnetometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:191302. [PMID: 31144940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.191302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a search for axionlike dark matter using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. This search is part of the multifaceted Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment program. In order to distinguish axionlike dark matter from magnetic fields, we employ a comagnetometry scheme measuring ultralow-field NMR signals involving two different nuclei (^{13}C and ^{1}H) in a liquid-state sample of acetonitrile-2-^{13}C (^{13}CH_{3}CN). No axionlike dark matter signal was detected above the background. This result constrains the parameter space describing the coupling of the gradient of the axionlike dark matter field to nucleons to be g_{aNN}<6×10^{-5} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) for particle masses ranging from 10^{-22} eV to 1.3×10^{-17} eV, improving over previous laboratory limits for masses below 10^{-21} eV. The result also constrains the coupling of nuclear spins to the gradient of the square of the axionlike dark matter field, improving over astrophysical limits by orders of magnitude over the entire range of particle masses probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wu
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gary P Centers
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter W Graham
- Department of Physics, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Derek F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Yevgeny V Stadnik
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
In this brief review, possible mechanisms which could lead to complete biological homochirality are discussed from the viewpoint of fundamental physics. In particular, the role played by electroweak parity violation, including neutrino-induced homochirality, and contributions from the gravitational interaction, will be emphasized.
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44
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Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio. ATOMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational overtones in deeply-bound molecules are sensitive probes for variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ . In nonpolar molecules, these overtones may be driven as two-photon transitions. Here, we present procedures for experiments with 16 O 2 + , including state-preparation through photoionization, a two-photon probe, and detection. We calculate transition dipole moments between all X 2 Π g vibrational levels and those of the A 2 Π u excited electronic state. Using these dipole moments, we calculate two-photon transition rates and AC-Stark-shift systematics for the overtones. We estimate other systematic effects and statistical precision. Two-photon vibrational transitions in 16 O 2 + provide multiple routes to improved searches for μ variation.
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45
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Sahoo BK, Das BP. Relativistic Normal Coupled-Cluster Theory for Accurate Determination of Electric Dipole Moments of Atoms: First Application to the ^{199}Hg Atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203001. [PMID: 29864313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) calculations of electric dipole moments (EDMs) of diamagnetic atoms due to parity and time-reversal violating (P,T-odd) interactions, which are essential ingredients for probing new physics beyond the standard model of particle interactions, differ substantially from the previous theoretical results. It is therefore necessary to perform an independent test of the validity of these results. In view of this, the normal coupled-cluster method has been extended to the relativistic regime [relativistic normal coupled-cluster (RNCC) method] to calculate the EDMs of atoms by simultaneously incorporating the electrostatic and P,T-odd interactions in order to overcome the shortcomings of the ordinary RCC method. This new relativistic method has been applied to ^{199}Hg, which currently has a lower EDM limit than that of any other system. The results of our RNCC and self-consistent RCC calculations of the EDM of this atom are found to be close. The discrepancies between these two results on the one hand and those of previous calculations on the other are elucidated. Furthermore, the electric dipole polarizability of this atom, which has computational similarities with the EDM, is evaluated and it is in very good agreement with its measured value.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Sahoo
- Physical Research Laboratory, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Division, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, India
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - B P Das
- Department of Physics and International Education and Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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46
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Williams HJ, Caldwell L, Fitch NJ, Truppe S, Rodewald J, Hinds EA, Sauer BE, Tarbutt MR. Magnetic Trapping and Coherent Control of Laser-Cooled Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:163201. [PMID: 29756945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent microwave control of the rotational, hyperfine, and Zeeman states of ultracold CaF molecules, and the magnetic trapping of these molecules in a single, selectable quantum state. We trap about 5×10^{3} molecules for almost 2 s at a temperature of 70(8) μK and a density of 1.2×10^{5} cm^{-3}. We measure the state-specific loss rate due to collisions with background helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Williams
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Caldwell
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N J Fitch
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Truppe
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Rodewald
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E A Hinds
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B E Sauer
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M R Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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47
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Kozyryev I, Baum L, Aldridge L, Yu P, Eyler EE, Doyle JM. Coherent Bichromatic Force Deflection of Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:063205. [PMID: 29481281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the effect of the coherent optical bichromatic force on a molecule, the polar free radical strontium monohydroxide (SrOH). A dual-frequency retroreflected laser beam addressing the X[over ˜]^{2}Σ^{+}↔A[over ˜]^{2}Π_{1/2} electronic transition coherently imparts momentum onto a cryogenic beam of SrOH. This directional photon exchange creates a bichromatic force that transversely deflects the molecules. By adjusting the relative phase between the forward and counterpropagating laser beams we reverse the direction of the applied force. A momentum transfer of 70ℏk is achieved with minimal loss of molecules to dark states. Modeling of the bichromatic force is performed via direct numerical solution of the time-dependent density matrix and is compared with experimental observations. Our results open the door to further coherent manipulation of molecular motion, including the efficient optical deceleration of diatomic and polyatomic molecules with complex level structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Leland Aldridge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Phelan Yu
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Edward E Eyler
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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