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Leng JG, Sharples TR, Fournier M, McKendrick KG, Craciunescu L, Paterson MJ, Costen ML. Inelastic scattering of NO(A 2Σ +) + CO 2: rotation-rotation pair-correlated differential cross sections. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38757419 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A crossed beam velocity-map ion-imaging apparatus has been used to determine differential cross sections (DCSs) for the rotationally inelastic scattering of NO(A2Σ+, v = 0, j = 0.5) with CO2, as a function of both NO(A, v = 0, N') final state and the coincident final rotational energy of the CO2. The DCSs are dominated by forward-peaked scattering for all N', with significant rotational excitation of CO2, and a small backward scattered peak is also observed for all final N'. However, no rotational rainbow scattering is observed and there is no evidence for significant product rotational angular momentum polarization. New ab initio potential energy surface calculations at the PNO-CCSD(T)-F12b level of theory report strong attractive forces at long ranges with significant anisotropy relative to both NO and CO2. The absence of rotational rainbow scattering is consistent with removal of low-impact-parameter collisions via electronic quenching, in agreement with the literature quenching rates of NO(A) by CO2 and recent electronic structure calculations. We propose that high-impact-parameter collisions, that do not lead to quenching, experience strong anisotropic attractive forces that lead to significant rotational excitation in both NO and CO2, depolarizing product angular momentum while leading to forward and backward glory scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Leng
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Thomas R Sharples
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Martin Fournier
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Kenneth G McKendrick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Luca Craciunescu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Matthew L Costen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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2
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Xu A, Ma Y, Yan D, Li F, Zhou T, Liu J, Wang F. Imaging Rovibrational Excitation of Scattered YO Molecules in Inelastic Collisions with Kr and Ne. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38691198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Energy transfer between atoms and molecules is fundamental to many physical and chemical processes, and understanding the mechanisms and outcomes of energy transfer is crucial for various applications in physics and chemistry. Here, the rovibrational excitation of YO(X 2Σ+) molecules with the collision of Kr and Ne has been studied in the laser-ablation crossed beam and time-sliced ion velocity map imaging setup in combination with the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme. Significant changes in the angular distribution for different rovibrational excitations of YO molecules are observed with the collision of Kr. The sharp forward distribution for low rovibrational excitation of YO(v' = 0, 1) molecules suggest that the weak attractive potential between Kr and YO is dominant at large impact parameters. Comparatively, the strong sideway distribution for highly rovibrationally excited YO(v' = 1, 2, 3, and 5) is due to rainbow scattering from the stronger attractive potential of Kr···YO at relatively small impact parameters. The more isotropic angular distribution in the highly rovibrationally excited YO(v' = 11) indicates the formation of a short-lived complex. A change in the angular distribution of scattered YO with different rovibrational excitations was also observed in the collisions of Ne. For YO as a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, collisions of the Y- and the O-end of YO with rare gases would affect the contribution of inelastic processes at different impact parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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3
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Luxford TM, Sharples TR, Fournier M, Soulié C, Paterson MJ, McKendrick KG, Costen ML. Differential Cross Sections for Pair-Correlated Rotational Energy Transfer in NO(A 2Σ +) + N 2, CO, and O 2: Signatures of Quenching Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6251-6266. [PMID: 37481777 PMCID: PMC10405210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A crossed molecular beam, velocity-map ion-imaging apparatus has been used to determine differential cross sections (DCSs), as a function of collider final internal energy, for rotationally inelastic scattering of NO(A2Σ+, v = 0, j = 0.5f1) with N2, CO, and O2, at average collision energies close to 800 cm-1. DCSs are strongly forward scattered for all three colliders for all observed NO(A) final rotational states, N'. For collisions with N2 and CO, the fraction of NO(A) that is scattered sideways and backward increases with increasing N', as does the internal rotational excitation of the colliders, with N2 having the highest internal excitation. In contrast, the DCSs for collisions with O2 are essentially only forward scattered, with little rotational excitation of the O2. The sideways and backward scattering expected from low-impact-parameter collisions, and the rotational excitation expected from the orientational dependence of published van der Waals potential energy surfaces (PESs), are absent in the observed NO(A) + O2 results. This is consistent with the removal of these short-range scattering trajectories via facile electronic quenching of NO(A) by O2, in agreement with the literature determination of the coupled NO-O2 PESs and the associated conical intersections. In contrast, collisions at high-impact parameter that predominately sample the attractive van der Waals minimum do not experience quenching and are inelastically forward scattered with low rotational excitation.
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4
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Sun ZF, Scheidsbach RJA, van Hemert MC, van der Avoird A, Suits AG, Parker DH. Imaging rotational energy transfer: comparative stereodynamics in CO + N 2 and CO + CO inelastic scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37377093 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02229c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
State-to-state rotational energy transfer in collisions of ground ro-vibrational state 13CO molecules with N2 molecules has been studied using the crossed molecular beam method under kinematically equivalent conditions used for 13CO + CO rotationally inelastic scattering described in a previously published report (Sun et al., Science, 2020, 369, 307-309). The collisionally excited 13CO molecule products are detected by the same (1 + 1' + 1'') VUV (Vacuum Ultra-Violet) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme coupled with velocity map ion imaging. We present differential cross sections and scattering angle resolved rotational angular momentum alignment moments extracted from experimentally measured 13CO + N2 scattering images and compare them with theoretical predictions from quasi-classical trajectories (QCT) on a newly calculated 13CO-N2 potential energy surface (PES). Good agreement between experiment and theory is found, which confirms the accuracy of the 13CO-N2 potential energy surface for the 1460 cm-1 collision energy studied by experiment. Experimental results for 13CO + N2 are compared with those for 13CO + CO collisions. The angle-resolved product rotational angular momentum alignment moments for the two scattering systems are very similar, which indicates that the collision induced alignment dynamics observed for both systems are dominated by a hard-shell nature. However, compared to the 13CO + CO measurements, the primary rainbow maximum in the DCSs for 13CO + N2 is peaked consistently at more backward scattering angles and the secondary maximum becomes much less obvious, implying that the 13CO-N2 PES is less anisotropic. In addition, a forward scattering component with high rotational excitation seen for 13CO + CO does not appear for 13CO-N2 in the experiment and is not predicted by QCT theory. Some of these differences in collision dynamics behaviour can be predicted by a comparison between the properties of the PESs for the two systems. More specific behaviour is also predicted from analysis of the dependence on the relative collision geometry of 13CO + N2 trajectories compared to 13CO + CO trajectories, which shows the special 'do-si-do' pathway invoked for 13CO + CO is not effective for 13CO + N2 collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fa Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Roy J A Scheidsbach
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc C van Hemert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David H Parker
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Luo C, Tan Y, Li S, Lu Z, Shu Y, Chen W, Yuan D, Yang X, Wang X. Crossed Molecular Beam Study of the H + HD → H 2 + D Reaction at 0.60 and 1.26 eV Using the Near-Threshold Ionization Velocity Map Ion Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4444-4450. [PMID: 35792496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By using the 1 + 1' near-threshold ionization velocity map ion imaging technique, state-to-state reactive differential cross sections have been measured for the H + HD → H2 + D reaction. High-resolution images of the D products, with the rotational states of the H2 co-products clearly resolved, were acquired at the collision energies of 0.60 and 1.26 eV, respectively. It is found that the angular distribution is predominantly backward-scattering at the collision energy of 0.60 eV. However, at 1.26 eV, where the collision energy is higher, the angular distribution becomes forward-backward-scattering. Notably, at both collision energies, the main peaks of backward-scattered products gradually shift from backward toward sideways direction as the rotational quantum number of H2 increases. Moreover, in the forward direction, fast angular oscillations, which are induced by specific partial waves have also been observed at 1.26 eV. These features show a strong correlation between the product states and angular distributions and also indicate the unique role of partial waves in quantum reactive scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Luo
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuxin Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiyang Shu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Daofu Yuan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Glory scattering in deeply inelastic molecular collisions. Nat Chem 2022; 14:664-669. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Żółtowski M, Loreau J, Lique F. Collisonal energy transfer in the CO-CO system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11910-11918. [PMID: 35510882 PMCID: PMC9116445 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An accurate determination of the physical conditions in astrophysical environments relies on the modeling of molecular spectra. In such environments, densities can be so low ($n << 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$) that...
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Żółtowski
- LOMC - UMR 6294, CNRS-Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Lique
- LOMC - UMR 6294, CNRS-Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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8
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Heid CG, Bentham IP, Walpole V, Jambrina PG, Aoiz FJ, Brouard M. Controlling the Spin-Orbit Branching Fraction in Molecular Collisions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:310-316. [PMID: 33351625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The collision geometry, that is, the relative orientation of reactants before interaction, can have a large effect on how a collision or reaction proceeds. Certain geometries may prevent access to a given product channel, while others might enhance it. In this Letter, we demonstrate how the initial orientation of NO molecules relative to approaching Ar atoms determines the branching between the spin-orbit changing and the spin-orbit conserving rotational product channels. We use a recently developed quantum treatment to calculate differential and integral branching fractions, at any arbitrary orientation, from theoretical and experimental data points. Our results show that a substantial degree of control over the final spin-orbit state of the scattering products can be achieved by tuning the initial collision geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia G Heid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Imogen P Bentham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Walpole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Brouard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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9
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Mandal B, Semenov A, Babikov D. Adiabatic Trajectory Approximation within the Framework of Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9877-9888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikramaditya Mandal
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Alexander Semenov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Dmitri Babikov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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10
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Sun ZF, van Hemert MC, Loreau J, van der Avoird A, Suits AG, Parker DH. Molecular square dancing in CO-CO collisions. Science 2020; 369:307-309. [PMID: 32675372 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of rotational energy transfer (RET) involving carbon monoxide (CO) molecules is crucial for the interpretation of astrophysical data. As of now, our nearly perfect understanding of atom-molecule scattering shows that RET usually occurs by only a simple "bump" between partners. To advance molecular dynamics to the next step in complexity, we studied molecule-molecule scattering in great detail for collision between two CO molecules. Using advanced imaging methods and quasi-classical and fully quantum theory, we found that a synchronous movement can occur during CO-CO collisions, whereby a bump is followed by a move similar to a "do-si-do" in square dancing. This resulted in little angular deflection but high RET to both partners, a very unusual combination. The associated conditions suggest that this process can occur in other molecule-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fa Sun
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Marc C van Hemert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David H Parker
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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