1
|
Yuan W, Yu C, Xu S, Ni L, Xu W, Shan G, Bao Y, Pan P. Self-evolving materials based on metastable-to-stable crystal transition of a polymorphic polyolefin. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:756-763. [PMID: 34881765 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms can self-evolve with time in order to adapt to the natural environment. Analogically, self-evolving materials also show similar properties based on non-equilibrium structural transformation. The common design of these materials tends to rely on solutions and hydrogels, yet only little attention has been paid to dry materials. To break this limitation, a new principle for developing self-evolving materials from a commercialized polymorphic polyolefin via programmable crystal transition is proposed. The self-evolving materials can encode information on patterns and morphing by the metastable crystal phase. Dynamically, this phase transforms to the stable crystal phase so that the encoded information self-evolves with time, displaying the autonomous characteristic. Moreover, this process can be interrupted at an arbitrary time through solvent-induced recrystallization. These advantages have been demonstrated by fabricating an edible period indicator and imitating sophisticated human body language. It is believed that this work may inspire future research studies on self-evolving materials based on the non-equilibrium process of dry materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lingling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marcovitz A, Turakhia Y, Chen HI, Gloudemans M, Braun BA, Wang H, Bejerano G. A functional enrichment test for molecular convergent evolution finds a clear protein-coding signal in echolocating bats and whales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21094-21103. [PMID: 31570615 PMCID: PMC6800341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818532116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Distantly related species entering similar biological niches often adapt by evolving similar morphological and physiological characters. How much genomic molecular convergence (particularly of highly constrained coding sequence) contributes to convergent phenotypic evolution, such as echolocation in bats and whales, is a long-standing fundamental question. Like others, we find that convergent amino acid substitutions are not more abundant in echolocating mammals compared to their outgroups. However, we also ask a more informative question about the genomic distribution of convergent substitutions by devising a test to determine which, if any, of more than 4,000 tissue-affecting gene sets is most statistically enriched with convergent substitutions. We find that the gene set most overrepresented (q-value = 2.2e-3) with convergent substitutions in echolocators, affecting 18 genes, regulates development of the cochlear ganglion, a structure with empirically supported relevance to echolocation. Conversely, when comparing to nonecholocating outgroups, no significant gene set enrichment exists. For aquatic and high-altitude mammals, our analysis highlights 15 and 16 genes from the gene sets most affected by molecular convergence which regulate skin and lung physiology, respectively. Importantly, our test requires that the most convergence-enriched set cannot also be enriched for divergent substitutions, such as in the pattern produced by inactivated vision genes in subterranean mammals. Showing a clear role for adaptive protein-coding molecular convergence, we discover nearly 2,600 convergent positions, highlight 77 of them in 3 organs, and provide code to investigate other clades across the tree of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Marcovitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yatish Turakhia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Heidi I Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Benjamin A Braun
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|