1
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Kumar N, Gupta P. DFT Struggles to Predict the Energy Landscape for Iron Pyridine Diimine-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes: Insights into the Problem and Alternative Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4114-4127. [PMID: 38659086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, noninnocent pyridine diimine (PDI) complexes featuring first-row transition metals have emerged as prominent catalysts, demonstrating efficacy in a diverse range of vital organometallic transformations. However, the inherent complexity of the fundamental reactivity paradigm in these systems arises from the presence of a noninnocent ligand and the multispin feasibility of 3d metals. While density functional theory (DFT) has been widely used to unravel mechanistic insights, its limitations as a single-reference method can potentially misrepresent spin-state energetics, compromising our understanding of these intricate systems. In this study, we employ extensive high-level ab initio state averaged-complete active space self-consistent field/N-electron valence state perturbation theory (SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2) calculations in combination with DFT to investigate an iron-PDI-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of alkenes. The transformation proceeds through two major steps: oxidative cyclization and reductive elimination. Contrary to the predictions of DFT calculations, which suggest two-state reactivity in the reaction and identify reductive elimination as the turnover-limiting step, SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-corrected results unequivocally establish a single-state reactivity scenario with oxidative cyclization as the turnover-limiting step. SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-based insights into electronic ground states and electron distribution elucidate the intriguing interactions between the PDI ligand and the iron center, revealing the highly multiconfigurational nature of these species and providing a precise depiction of metal-ligand cooperativity throughout the transformation. A comparative assessment of several widely recognized DFT functionals against SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2-corrected data indicates that single-point energy calculations using the modern density functional MN15 on TPSSh geometries offer the most reliable density functional methodology, in scenarios where SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2 computational cost is a consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Kumar
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Center for Sustainable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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2
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Canfield AM, Rodina D, Paradine SM. Dienes as Versatile Substrates for Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401550. [PMID: 38436553 PMCID: PMC11078299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dienes have been of great interest to synthetic chemists as valuable substrates due to their abundance and ease of synthesis. Their unique stereoelectronic properties enable broad reactivity with a wide range of transition metals to construct molecular complexity facilitating synthesis of biologically active compounds. In addition, structural diene variation can result in substrate-controlled reactions, providing valuable mechanistic insights into reactivity and selectivity patterns. The last decade has seen a wealth of new methodologies involving diene substrates through the power of transition metal catalysis. This review summarizes recent advances and remaining opportunities for transition metal-catalyzed transformations involving dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Canfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Dasha Rodina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Shauna M. Paradine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627
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3
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Li F, Zhu WF, Empel C, Datsenko O, Kumar A, Xu Y, Ehrler JHM, Atodiresei I, Knapp S, Mykhailiuk PK, Proschak E, Koenigs RM. Photosensitization enables Pauson-Khand-type reactions with nitrenes. Science 2024; 383:498-503. [PMID: 38301027 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction has in the past 50 years become one of the most common cycloaddition reactions in chemistry. Coupling two unsaturated bonds with carbon monoxide, the transformation remains limited to CO as a C1 building block. Herein we report analogous cycloaddition reactions with nitrenes as an N1 unit. The reaction of a nonconjugated diene with a nitrene precursor produces bicyclic bioisosteres of common saturated heterocycles such as piperidine, morpholine, and piperazine. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support relaying of the diradical nature of triplet nitrene into the π-system. We showcase the reaction's utility in late-stage functionalization of drug compounds and discovery of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - W Felix Zhu
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adarsh Kumar
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yameng Xu
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna H M Ehrler
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iuliana Atodiresei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Li RP, Chen X, Xu X, Tang Y, Wang H, Tang S. Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3-Dienes through Dual 1,3-Sulfur Rearrangement of Dithianes with Alkynylsilanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:581-585. [PMID: 38051762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a C3 and C1 coupling approach between vinyl 1,3-dithiane derivatives and alkynylsilanes for the construction of highly substituted conjugated dienes. Through the regioselective dual 1,3-sulfur migration process, this method enabled the synthesis of a wide range of highly substituted (E)-1,3-dienes stereoselectively in moderate to high yields, which provided one alternative way to synthesize the corresponding conjugated dienones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Tang
- Optical Joint Research Center of Lanzhou University and Constar Group, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shouchu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
- Optical Joint Research Center of Lanzhou University and Constar Group, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, P. R. China
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5
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Wang P, Zhu L, Wang J, Tao Z. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Alkylation of Ketones with Unactivated Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27211-27217. [PMID: 38061195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic, enantioselective method for direct α-alkylation of ketones with unactivated alkyl halides is realized by employing an α-enolizable ketone in a nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling reaction. The key to the success is attributed to a unique bimetallic ligand. A variety of acyclic ketones and unactivated alkyl iodides can serve as suitable substrates under mild conditions to generate chiral ketones with α-quaternary carbon stereocenters in high yields with good enantioselectivities. A range of transformations based on the ketone moiety are also demonstrated to show the potential application of this method. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a dinickel-catalyzed cross-coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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6
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Wang X, Zhou R, Sun X, Li J, Wang J, Yue W, Wang L, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhang D. Preferential Regulation of Γ-Secretase-Mediated Cleavage of APP by Ganglioside GM1 Reveals a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303411. [PMID: 37759382 PMCID: PMC10646247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the senile plaque, which contains β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). Ganglioside GM1 is the most common brain ganglioside. However, the mechanism of GM1 in modulating Aβ processing is rarely known. Aβ levels are detected by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) is used to determine the structure of γ-secretase supplemented with GM1. The levels of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Cadherin/Notch1 are detected using Western blot analysis. Y maze, object translocation, and Barnes maze are performed to evaluate cognitive functions. GM1 leads to conformational change of γ-secretase structure and specifically accelerates γ-secretase cleavage of APP without affecting other substrates including Notch1, potentially through its interaction with the N-terminal fragment of presenilin 1 (PS1). Reduction of GM1 levels decreases amyloid plaque deposition and improves cognitive dysfunction. This study reveals the mechanism of GM1 in Aβ generation and provides the evidence that decreasing GM1 levels represents a potential strategy in AD treatment. These results provide insights into the detailed mechanism of the effect of GM1 on PS1, representing a step toward the characterization of its novel role in the modulation of γ-secretase activity and the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiaqin Sun
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Science and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Institute of BiologyWestlake Institute for Advanced Study18 Shilongshan Road, Xihu DistrictHangzhouZhejiang310024China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
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7
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Chen K, Zhu H, Liu S, Bai J, Guo Y, Ding K, Peng Q, Wang X. Switch in Selectivities by Dinuclear Nickel Catalysis: 1,4-Hydroarylation of 1,3-Dienes to Z-Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37903244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging tasks in organic synthesis is to control selectivities, especially switching the well-known selectivity to obtain new isomers that were previously inaccessible. Inspired by biological catalysis involving multiple metal centers, catalysis enabled by binuclear metal complexes offers the potential to induce reactivity and selectivity that might not be available to mononuclear catalysts. Herein, we describe that using a macrocyclic bis pyridyl diimine dinickel complex as the catalyst, the commonly observed 4,3-regioselectivity of hydroarylation of 1,3-dienes is switched to 1,4-hydroarylation with thermodynamically less stable Z-stereoselectivity, offering challenging synthetic target Z-olefins. DFT calculations show that the activation of 1,3-diene proceeds through dinuclear Ni-diolefin coordination, and the synergistic effects of two Ni nuclei enable reactivity and selectivity of this binuclear catalysis substantially different from those of mononuclear nickel complexes in the current reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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8
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Miguélez R, Barrio P, González JM. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of the Cyclopentene Core. CHEM REC 2023:e202300254. [PMID: 37821421 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Five-membered carbocycles are ubiquitously found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other classes of organic compounds. Within this category, cyclopentenes deserve special attention due to their prevalence as targets and as well as key intermediates for synthesizing more complex molecules. Herein, we offer an overview summarizing some significant recent advances in the catalytic assembly of this structural motif. A great variety of synthetic methodologies and strategies are covered, including transition metal-catalyzed or organocatalyzed processes. Both inter- and intramolecular transformations are documented. On this ground, our expertise in the application of C-H functionalization reactions oriented towards the formation of this ring and its subsequent selective functionalization is embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Miguélez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Iwamoto T, Sotome Y, Ishii Y. Binuclear Complexes Supported by a Tetrapyridyl Ligand with a Bending Anthraquinodimethane Linker. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:305-311. [PMID: 37810407 PMCID: PMC10557120 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A tetrapyridyl ligand with a bending anthraquinodimethane linker has been synthesized, and its complexation with coinage metals has been examined. The treatment of the ligand with Ag(I) and Au(I) cations afforded binuclear complexes, wherein the two metal centers were in close proximity to the inside space of the ligand. X-ray analyses corroborated with theoretical calculations indicated that the ligand has reasonable flexibility toward a bending deformation of the linker moiety to provide a ligand pocket suitable for the proximal binuclear complexes, even though such deformations accompany a non-negligible amount of energetic cost. On the other hand, treatment with 2 equiv of Cu(I) salt afforded a binuclear complex, in which both copper atoms were coordinated at the periphery of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuta Sotome
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo
University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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10
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Qi L, Pan QQ, Wei XX, Pang X, Liu Z, Shu XZ. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive [4 + 1] Sila-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes with Dichlorosilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed sila-cycloaddition has been a promising tool for accessing silacarbocycle derivatives, but the approach has been limited to a selection of well-defined sila-synthons. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of chlorosilanes, which are industrial feedstock chemicals, for this type of reaction under reductive nickel catalysis. This work extends the scope of reductive coupling from carbocycle to silacarbocycle synthesis and from single C-Si bond formation to sila-cycloaddition reactions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows good substrate scope and functionality tolerance, and it offers new access to silacyclopent-3-enes and spiro silacarbocycles. The optical properties of several spiro dithienosiloles as well as structural variations of the products are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiu-Quan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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11
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Delaney AR, Yu LJ, Doan V, Coote ML, Colebatch AL. Bimetallic Nickel Complexes Supported by a Planar Macrocyclic Diphosphoranide Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203940. [PMID: 36545819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal-metal cooperativity is emerging as an important strategy in catalysis. This requires appropriate ligand scaffolds that can support two metals in close proximity. Here we report nickel-promoted formation of a dinucleating planar macrocyclic ligand that can support bimetallic dinickel(II) and dinickel(I) complexes. Reaction outcomes can be tuned by variation of the substituents and reaction conditions to favour dinucleating macrocyclic, mononucleating macrocyclic or conventional pincer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andie R Delaney
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent Doan
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Annie L Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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12
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Lam RH, Keaveney ST, Messerle BA, Pernik I. Bimetallic Rhodium Complexes: Precatalyst Activation-Triggered Bimetallic Enhancement for the Hydrosilylation Transformation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael H. Lam
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sinead T. Keaveney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Indrek Pernik
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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13
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Killian L, Bienenmann RLM, Broere DLJ. Quantification of the Steric Properties of 1,8-Naphthyridine-Based Ligands in Dinuclear Complexes. Organometallics 2023; 42:27-37. [PMID: 36644418 PMCID: PMC9832537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Steric properties of ligands are an important parameter for tuning the reactivity of the corresponding complexes. For various ligands used in mononuclear complexes, methods have been developed to quantify their steric bulk. In this work, we present an expansion of the buried volume and the G-parameter to quantify the steric properties of 1,8-napthyridine-based dinuclear complexes. Using this methodology, we explored the tunability of the steric properties associated with these ligands and complexes.
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14
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Dinuclear Reactivity of One Metal Exalted by the Second One. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Gao W, Zhang D, Zhang X, Cai X, Xie P, Loh TP. One-Pot and Unsymmetrical Bis-Allylation of Malononitrile with Conjugated Dienes and Allylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:9355-9360. [PMID: 36519800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A Pd/Ca catalytic system to promote the unsymmetrical bis-allylation of malononitrile was developed by selecting conjugated dienes and allylic alcohols as allylic reagents. This catalytic system suppressed the competitive symmetrical bis-allylation process and guaranteed the desired unsymmetrical bis-allylation with high chemoselectivity. A wide range of conjugated dienes and allylic alcohols were tolerated well in this transformation, and diverse 1,6-dienes were obtained with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Gao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xinying Cai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Peizhong Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.,College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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16
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Overriding the inherent alkalinity to dual phosphinito bimetallic catalyst for C(sp2)-C(sp3) formation: A combined computational and experimental study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Ma Y, Hussein AA. Formal Pericyclic‐Coupled Electron Transfer: I. Stepwise Formal Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition Enabled by Addition‐Coupled Electron Transfer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Ma
- Institution BSJ Institute, Haidian Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Xihu District Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Science Komar University of Science and Technology 46001 Sulaymaniyah Kurdistan Region Iraq
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18
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Navarro M, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Campos J. Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11220-11235. [PMID: 36128973 PMCID: PMC9536487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the design of bimetallic cooperative complexes, which have emerged due to their potential for bond activation and catalysis, a feature widely exploited by nature in metalloenzymes, and also in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss the widespread opportunities derived from combining two metals in close proximity, ranging from systems containing multiple M-M bonds to others in which bimetallic cooperation occurs even in the absence of M⋯M interactions. The choice of metal pairs is crucial for the reactivity of the resulting complexes. In this context, we describe the prospects of combining not only transition metals but also those of the main group series, which offer additional avenues for cooperative pathways and reaction discovery. Emphasis is given to mechanisms by which bond activation occurs across bimetallic structures, which is ascribed to the precise synergy between the two metal atoms. The results discussed herein indicate a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate that bimetallic synergism will have an important impact in the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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19
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King AJ, Zhukhovitskiy AV. A Chain‐Growth Mechanism for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis Facilitated by Dinuclear Complexes with Redox‐Active Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206044. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
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20
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Bienenmann RLM, Schanz AJ, Ooms PL, Lutz M, Broere DLJ. A Well‐Defined Anionic Dicopper(I) Monohydride Complex that Reacts like a Cluster**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202318. [PMID: 35412679 PMCID: PMC9400846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low‐nuclearity copper hydrides are rare and few well‐defined dicopper hydrides have been reported. Herein, we describe the first example of a structurally characterized anionic dicopper hydride complex. This complex does not display typical reactivity associated with low‐nuclearity copper hydrides, such as alcoholysis or insertion reactions. Instead, its stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity is akin to that of copper hydride clusters. The distinct reactivity is ascribed to the robust dinuclear core that is bound tightly within the dinucleating ligand scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel L. M. Bienenmann
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J. Schanz
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pascale L. Ooms
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L. J. Broere
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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21
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Zhang Z, Fu B, Wang X, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang T, Zhao J. Synthesis of ( Z)-β-Chloro-enamides via a Base-Promoted trans-Hydroamidation of Alkynyl Chlorides Using 1,1-Dichloroalkenes as Precursor. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8764-8772. [PMID: 35686467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and general base-promoted reaction of 1,1-dichloroalkenes with secondary sulfonamides and amides for the synthesis of (Z)-β-chloro-enamides has been described. This reaction exhibits functional group tolerance under simple and mild conditions. Mechanistic study indicated that a stereoselective trans-hydroamidation of alkynyl chlorides generated in situ from 1,1-dichloroalkenes was the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Bei Fu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuo Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xuanling Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
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22
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King AJ, Zhukhovitskiy AV. A Chain‐Growth Mechanism for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis Facilitated by Dinuclear Complexes with Redox‐Active Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 121 South Road Chapel Hill NC, 27514 USA
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23
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Bienenmann RLM, Schanz AJ, Ooms PL, Lutz M, Broere DLJ. A Well‐Defined Anionic Dicopper(I) Monohydride Complex that Reacts like a Cluster**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roel L. M. Bienenmann
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J. Schanz
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pascale L. Ooms
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L. J. Broere
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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24
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Ding Z, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yu T, Xu M, Wen J, Yang K, Zhang H, Xu L, Li P. Catalysis with Diboron(4)/Pyridine: Application to the Broad-Scope [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8870-8882. [PMID: 35532758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive but non-recyclable use of tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as stoichiometric reagents in diverse reactions, this article reports an atom-economical reaction using a commercial diboron(4) as the catalyst. The key to success was designing a catalytic cycle for radical [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a pyridine cocatalyst to generate from the diboron(4) catalyst and reversibly mediate the transfer of boronyl radicals. In comparison with known [3 + 2] cycloaddition with transition metal-based catalysts, the current reaction features not only metal-free conditions, inexpensive and stable catalysts, and simple operation but also remarkably broadened substrate scope. In particular, previously unusable cyclopropyl ketones without an activating group and/or alkenes with 1,2-disubstitution and 1,1,2-trisubstitution patterns were successfully used for the first time. Consequently, challenging cyclopentane compounds with various levels of substitution (65 examples, 57 new products, up to six substituents at all five ring atoms) were readily prepared in generally high to excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. The reaction was also successfully applied in concise formal synthesis of an anti-obesity drug and building natural product-like complex bridged or spirocyclic compounds. Mechanistic experiments and computational investigation support the proposed radical relay catalysis featuring a pyridine-assisted boronyl radical catalyst. Overall, this work demonstrates the first approach to use tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as catalysts and may lead to the development of new, green, and efficient transition metal-like boron-catalyzed organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingru Wen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Abstract
Efforts to develop catalytic carbene transfer reactions have largely relied on the use of diazo precursors. However, diazoalkanes are susceptible to undergoing violent exothermic decomposition unless they contain stabilizing substituents. Consequently, most synthetic methods are restricted to diazoacetates or related derivatives. In this Perspective, we describe an alternative approach to carbene transfer catalysis based on the generation of metal carbenoids from gem-dihaloalkanes and gem-dihaloalkenes. These precursors are readily available and stable in unsubstituted form or with a variety of donor and acceptor substituents. Using this approach, it is possible to design cyclopropanation reactions with non-stabilized carbenes, such as methylene, isopropylidene, and vinylidene. Furthermore, due to the distinct mechanistic pathways of these reactions, novel modes of cycloaddition can be carried out, including [4 + 1]-cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Annah E. Kalb
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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26
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Thierer LM, Brooks SH, Weberg AB, Cui P, Zhang S, Gau MR, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Macrocycle-Induced Modulation of Internuclear Interactions in Homobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6263-6280. [PMID: 35422117 PMCID: PMC9252315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route has been developed for a series of 3d homobimetallic complexes of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu using three different pyridyldiimine and pyridyldialdimine macrocyclic ligands with ring sizes of 18, 20, and 22 atoms. Crystallographic analyses indicate that while the distances between the metals can be modulated by the size of the macrocycle pocket, the flexibility in the alkyl linkers used to construct the macrocycles enables the ligand to adjust the orientation of the PD(A)I fragments in response to the geometry of the [M2(μ-Cl)2]2+ core, particularly with respect to Jahn-Teller distortions. Analyses by UV-vis spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry revealed deviations in the properties [M2(μ-Cl)2]2+-containing complexes bound by standard mononucleating ligands, highlighting the ability of macrocycles to use ring size to control the magnetic interactions of pseudo-octahedral, high-spin metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Thierer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sam H. Brooks
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander B. Weberg
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peng Cui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C. Manor
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C. Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Dolna M, Nowacki M, Danylyuk O, Brotons-Rufes A, Poater A, Michalak M. NHC-BIAN-Cu(I)-Catalyzed Friedländer-Type Annulation of 2-Amino-3-(per)fluoroacetylpyridines with Alkynes on Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6115-6136. [PMID: 35394784 PMCID: PMC9087358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The direct catalytic
alkynylation/dehydrative cyclization of 2-amino-3-trifluoroacetyl-pyridines
on water was developed for the efficient synthesis of a broad range
of fluorinated 1,8-naphthyridines from terminal alkynes. A novel N-heterocyclic
carbene (NHC) ligand system that combines a π-extended acenaphthylene
backbone with sterically bulky pentiptycene pendant groups was successfully
utilized in a copper- or silver-mediated cyclization. Computational
analysis of the reaction pathway supports our explanation of the different
experimental conversions and yields for the set of copper and silver
catalysts. The impact of steric hindrance at the metal center and
the flexibility of substituents on the imidazole ring of the NHC on
catalytic performance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dolna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Nowacki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Brotons-Rufes
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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28
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van Beek CB, van Leest NP, Lutz M, de Vos SD, Klein Gebbink RJM, de Bruin B, Broere DLJ. Combining metal-metal cooperativity, metal-ligand cooperativity and chemical non-innocence in diiron carbonyl complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2094-2104. [PMID: 35308864 PMCID: PMC8849050 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several metalloenzymes, including [FeFe]-hydrogenase, employ cofactors wherein multiple metal atoms work together with surrounding ligands that mediate heterolytic and concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) bond activation steps. Herein, we report a new dinucleating PNNP expanded pincer ligand, which can bind two low-valent iron atoms in close proximity to enable metal-metal cooperativity (MMC). In addition, reversible partial dearomatization of the ligand's naphthyridine core enables both heterolytic metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) and chemical non-innocence through CPET steps. Thermochemical and computational studies show how a change in ligand binding mode can lower the bond dissociation free energy of ligand C(sp3)-H bonds by ∼25 kcal mol-1. H-atom abstraction enabled trapping of an unstable intermediate, which undergoes facile loss of two carbonyl ligands to form an unusual paramagnetic (S = ) complex containing a mixed-valent iron(0)-iron(i) core bound within a partially dearomatized PNNP ligand. Finally, cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that these diiron complexes show catalytic activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. This work presents the first example of a ligand system that enables MMC, heterolytic MLC and chemical non-innocence, thereby providing important insights and opportunities for the development of bimetallic systems that exploit these features to enable new (catalytic) reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody B van Beek
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sander D de Vos
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L J Broere
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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29
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Wang JYJ, Blyth MT, Sherburn MS, Coote ML. Tuning Photoenolization-Driven Cycloadditions Using Theory and Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1023-1033. [PMID: 34991316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first broad spectrum investigation into the photoenolization/Diels-Alder (PEDA) sequence was carried out using M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) in conjunction with SMD solvation and supported by experimental UV-vis spectroscopy. A test set of 20 prodienes was chosen to examine the role of the H atom acceptor group (substituted and unsubstituted carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, and imine), the H atom donor group, and bystander ring substituents. As reaction partners for the photogenerated dienes, a diverse test set of 20 dienophiles was examined, comprising electron rich, electron poor, neutral, strain activated, hydrocarbon, and heteroatom-containing molecules including CO2 and CO. A key finding of this work is the demonstration that the PEDA sequence of carbonyl based prodienes is tolerant of most substitution patterns. Another is that thiocarbonyl derivatives should behave analogously to the carbonyls but are likely to do so much more slowly, due to an inefficient intersystem crossing, an endothermic 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step, and a [1,5] sigmatropic H shift to regenerate the starting material that outcompetes the [4 + 2]cycloaddition. In contrast, the T1 state of the ortho-alkyl imines displays the incorrect orbital symmetry for 1,5-HAT and is correspondingly accompanied by higher barriers, even in the excited state. However, provided these barriers can be overcome, the remaining steps in the PEDA sequence are predicted to be facile. The Diels-Alder reaction is predicted to be of much broader scope than reported synthetic literature: while electron poor dienophiles are expected to be the most reactive partners, ethylene and electron rich alkenes should react at a synthetically useful rate. CO is predicted to undergo a facile (4 + 1)cheletropic addition instead of the normal [4 + 2]cycloaddition pathway. This unique photoenolization/cheletropic addition (PECA) sequence could provide metal-free access to benzannelated cyclopentanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu J Wang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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30
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Charboneau DJ, Huang H, Barth EL, Germe CC, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Tunable and Practical Homogeneous Organic Reductants for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21024-21036. [PMID: 34846142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of four new tunable homogeneous organic reductants based on a tetraaminoethylene scaffold are reported. The new reductants have enhanced air stability compared to current homogeneous reductants for metal-mediated reductive transformations, such as cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), and are solids at room temperature. In particular, the weakest reductant is indefinitely stable in air and has a reduction potential of -0.85 V versus ferrocene, which is significantly milder than conventional reductants used in XEC. All of the new reductants can facilitate C(sp2)-C(sp3) Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions and are compatible with complex substrates that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. The reductants span a range of nearly 0.5 V in reduction potential, which allows for control over the rate of electron transfer events in XEC. Specifically, we report a new strategy for controlled alkyl radical generation in Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) XEC. The key to our approach is to tune the rate of alkyl radical generation from Katritzky salts, which liberate alkyl radicals upon single electron reduction, by varying the redox potentials of the reductant and Katritzky salt utilized in catalysis. Using our method, we perform XEC reactions between benzylic Katritzky salts and aryl halides. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups, some of which are particularly challenging for most XEC transformations. Overall, we expect that our new reductants will both replace conventional homogeneous reductants in current reductive transformations due to their stability and relatively facile synthesis and lead to the development of novel synthetic methods due to their tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Cameron C Germe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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31
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Thenarukandiyil R, Paenurk E, Wong A, Fridman N, Karton A, Carmieli R, Ménard G, Gershoni-Poranne R, de Ruiter G. Extensive Redox Non-Innocence in Iron Bipyridine-Diimine Complexes: a Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18296-18306. [PMID: 34787414 PMCID: PMC8653161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperation is an important aspect in earth-abundant metal catalysis. Utilizing ligands as electron reservoirs to supplement the redox chemistry of the metal has resulted in many new exciting discoveries. Here, we demonstrate that iron bipyridine-diimine (BDI) complexes exhibit an extensive electron-transfer series that spans a total of five oxidation states, ranging from the trication [Fe(BDI)]3+ to the monoanion [Fe(BDI]-1. Structural characterization by X-ray crystallography revealed the multifaceted redox noninnocence of the BDI ligand, while spectroscopic (e.g., 57Fe Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy) and computational studies were employed to elucidate the electronic structure of the isolated complexes, which are further discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeesh Thenarukandiyil
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Eno Paenurk
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Karton
- School
of Molecular Science, The University of
Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion −
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
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32
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Steiman TJ, Kalb AE, Coombs JC, Kirkland JK, Torres H, Ess DH, Uyeda C. Dinickel-Catalyzed Vinylidene–Alkene Cyclization Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:14408-14416. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talia J. Steiman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Annah E. Kalb
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - James C. Coombs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Hector Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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33
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Cui J, Dietz M, Härterich M, Fantuzzi F, Lu W, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H. Diphosphino-Functionalized 1,8-Naphthyridines: a Multifaceted Ligand Platform for Boranes and Diboranes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15751-15756. [PMID: 34545966 PMCID: PMC9292315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A 1,8‐naphthyridine diphosphine (NDP) reacts with boron‐containing Lewis acids to generate complexes featuring a number of different naphthyridine bonding modes. When exposed to diborane B2Br4, NDP underwent self‐deprotonation to afford [NDP‐B2Br3]Br, an unsymmetrical diborane comprised of four fused rings. The reaction of two equivalents of monoborane BBr3 and NDP in a non‐polar solvent provided the simple phosphine‐borane adduct [NDP(BBr3)2], which then underwent intramolecular halide abstraction to furnish the salt [NDP‐BBr2][BBr4], featuring a different coordination mode from that of [NDP‐B2Br3]Br. Direct deprotonation of NDP by KHMDS or PhCH2K generates mono‐ and dipotassium reagents, respectively. The monopotassium reagent reacts with one or half an equivalent of B2(NMe2)2Cl2 to afford NDP‐based diboranes with three or four amino substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China.,Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wei Lu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Ji G, Chen Z, Wang XY, Ning XS, Xu CJ, Zhang XM, Tao WJ, Li JF, Gao Y, Shen Q, Sun XL, Wang HY, Zhao JB, Zhang B, Guo YL, Zhao Y, Sun J, Luo Y, Tang Y. Direct copolymerization of ethylene with protic comonomers enabled by multinuclear Ni catalysts. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6283. [PMID: 34725330 PMCID: PMC8560877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene/polar monomer coordination copolymerization offers an attractive way of making functionalized polyolefins. However, ethylene copolymerization with industrially relevant short chain length alkenoic acid remain a big challenge. Here we report the efficient direct copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl acetic acid by tetranuclear nickel complexes. The protic monomer can be extended to acrylic acid, allylacetic acid, ω-alkenoic acid, allyl alcohol, and homoallyl alcohol. Based on X-ray analysis of precatalysts, control experiments, solvent-assisted electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection of key catalytic intermediates, and density functional theory studies, we propose a possible mechanistic scenario that involves a distinctive vinyl acetic acid enchainment enabled by Ni···Ni synergistic effects. Inspired by the mechanistic insights, binuclear nickel catalysts are designed and proved much more efficient for the copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl acetic acid or acrylic acid, achieving the highest turnover frequencies so far for both ethylene and polar monomers simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Abstract
Redox reactions that take place in enzymes and on the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts often require active sites that contain multiple metals. By contrast, there are very few homogeneous catalysts with multinuclear active sites, and the field of organometallic chemistry continues to be dominated by the study of single metal systems. Multinuclear catalysts have the potential to display unique properties owing to their ability to cooperatively engage substrates. Furthermore, direct metal-to-metal covalent bonding can give rise to new electronic configurations that dramatically impact substrate binding and reactivity. In order to effectively capitalize on these features, it is necessary to consider strategies to avoid the dissociation of fragile metal-metal bonds in the course of a catalytic cycle. This Account describes one approach to accomplishing this goal using binucleating redox-active ligands.In 2006, Chirik showed that pyridine-diimines (PDI) have sufficiently low-lying π* levels that they can be redox-noninnocent in low-valent iron complexes. Extending this concept, we investigated a series of dinickel complexes supported by naphthyridine-diimine (NDI) ligands. These complexes can promote a broad range of two-electron redox processes in which the NDI ligand manages electron equivalents while the metals remain in a Ni(I)-Ni(I) state.Using (NDI)Ni2 catalysts, we have uncovered cases where having two metals in the active site addresses a problem in catalysis that had not been adequately solved using single-metal systems. For example, mononickel complexes are capable of stoichiometrically dimerizing aryl azides to form azoarenes but do not turn over due to strong product inhibition. By contrast, dinickel complexes are effective catalysts for this reaction and avoid this thermodynamic sink by binding to azoarenes in their higher-energy cis form.Dinickel complexes can also activate strong bonds through the cooperative action of both metals. Norbornadiene has a ring-strain energy that is similar to that of cyclopropane but is not prone to undergoing C-C oxidative addition with monometallic complexes. Using an (NDI)Ni2 complex, norbornadiene undergoes rapid ring opening by the oxidative addition of the vinyl and bridgehead carbons. An inspection of the resulting metallacycle reveals that it is stabilized through a network of secondary Ni-π interactions. This reactivity enabled the development of a catalytic carbonylative rearrangement to form fused bicyclic dienones.These vignettes and others described in this Account highlight some of the implications of metal-metal bonding in promoting a challenging step in a catalytic cycle or adjusting the thermodynamic landscape of key intermediates. Given that our studies have focused nearly exclusively on the (NDI)Ni2 system, we anticipate that many more such cases are left to be discovered as other transition-metal combinations and ligand classes are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Conner M. Farley
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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36
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Stevens MA, Hall PD, Colebatch AL. Monometallic and Multimetallic Zinc Complexes of 2,7-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of zinc complexes of 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (BPNP) has been synthesised and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and solution state NMR spectroscopic studies. Reactions of BPNP with zinc acetate and zinc chloride were found to give mononuclear complexes of the form [Zn(BPNP)X2] (X = OAc, Cl), whereas reactions with zinc triflate led to a mixture of products. Several of these were identified crystallographically as [Zn(BPNP-H)(H2O)4](OTf)3 and [Zn(BPNP-H)(NCMe)(OTf)2]OTf, in which protonation of one pyridyl group occurred, and the dimeric species [Zn2(BPNP)4(μ-H2O)2](OTf)4. A trimetallic complex [Zn3(μ2-BPNP)(μ2-OAc)3(OAc)2(μ3-OH)] was also isolated from reactions involving zinc acetate, and demonstrates the ability of BPNP to coordinate two zinc atoms in the adjacent binding pockets.
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37
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Xu M, Zhu J, Liu XD, Luo MY, Xu NJ. Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34389067 PMCID: PMC8361623 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic clock is defined by the DNA methylation (DNAm) level and has been extensively applied to distinguish biological age from chronological age. Aging-related neurodegeneration is associated with epigenetic alteration, which determines the status of diseases. In recent years, extensive research has shown that physical exercise (PE) can affect the DNAm level, implying a reversal of the epigenetic clock in neurodegeneration. PE also regulates brain plasticity, neuroinflammation, and molecular signaling cascades associated with epigenetics. This review summarizes the effects of PE on neurodegenerative diseases via both general and disease-specific DNAm mechanisms, and discusses epigenetic modifications that alleviate the pathological symptoms of these diseases. This may lead to probing of the underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders and provide valuable therapeutic references for cognitive and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - JiaYi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming-Ying Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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38
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Singer RA, Monfette S, Bernhardson D, Tcyrulnikov S, Hubbell AK, Hansen EC. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Singer
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Bernhardson
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K. Hubbell
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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39
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Delaney AR, Yu LJ, Coote ML, Colebatch AL. Synthesis of an expanded pincer ligand and its bimetallic coinage metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11909-11917. [PMID: 34374394 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An expanded pincer ligand tBu-PONNOP (2,7-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)-1,8-naphthyridine) has been synthesised and its coordination to coinage metals has been studied. Bimetallic complexes were produced with metal halide salts of the type [M2X2(tBu-PONNOP)] (X = Cl, M = Au, Ag, Cu; X = I, M = Cu) with a varying degree of interaction with the naphthyridyl backbone in the order Au < Ag < Cu. The salts [Ag2(tBu-PONNOP)2][BArF4]2 (ArF = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2) and [Ag2(NCMe)2(tBu-PONNOP)]X2 (X = BArF4, PF6) were prepared, which may serve as a source of tBu-PONNOP via transmetallation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andie R Delaney
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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40
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Ence CC, Martinez EE, Himes SR, Nazari SH, Moreno MR, Matu MF, Larsen SG, Gassaway KJ, Valdivia-Berroeta GA, Smith SJ, Ess DH, Michaelis DJ. Experiment and Theory of Bimetallic Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation and Annulation for Naphthalene Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Ence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Erin E. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Samuel R. Himes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - S. Hadi Nazari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mariur Rodriguez Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Manase F. Matu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Samantha G. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Kyle J. Gassaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Stacey J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David J. Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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41
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Lu B, Liang X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Peng Q, Wang X. Dirhodium(II)/Xantphos-Catalyzed Relay Carbene Insertion and Allylic Alkylation Process: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11799-11810. [PMID: 34296866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although dirhodium-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of diazo compounds, nucleophiles and electrophiles have achieved great advance in organic synthesis, the introduction of allylic moiety as the third component via allylic metal intermediate remains a formidable challenge in this area. Herein, an attractive three-component reaction of readily accessible amines, diazo compounds, and allylic compounds enabled by a novel dirhodium(II)/Xantphos catalysis is disclosed, affording various architecturally complex and functionally diverse α-quaternary α-amino acid derivatives in good yields with high atom and step economy. Mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation is achieved through a relay dirhodium(II)-catalyzed carbene insertion and allylic alkylation process, in which the catalytic properties of dirhodium are effectively modified by the coordination with Xantphos, leading to good activity in the catalytic allylic alkylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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42
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Mariz BDP, Carvalho S, Batalha IL, Pina AS. Artificial enzymes bringing together computational design and directed evolution. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1915-1925. [PMID: 33443278 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions and, as such, have been widely used to facilitate a variety of natural and industrial processes, dating back to ancient times. In fact, the global enzymes market is projected to reach $10.5 billion in 2024. The development of computational and DNA editing tools boosted the creation of artificial enzymes (de novo enzymes) - synthetic or organic molecules created to present abiological catalytic functions. These novel catalysts seek to expand the catalytic power offered by nature through new functions and properties. In this manuscript, we discuss the advantages of combining computational design with directed evolution for the development of artificial enzymes and how this strategy allows to fill in the gaps that these methods present individually by providing key insights about the sequence-function relationship. We also review examples, and respective strategies, where this approach has enabled the creation of artificial enzymes with promising catalytic activity. Such key enabling technologies are opening new windows of opportunity in a variety of industries, including pharmaceutical, chemical, biofuels, and food, contributing towards a more sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Pina Mariz
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sara Carvalho
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Iris L Batalha
- Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 11 J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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43
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Gulotty EM, Rodriguez KX, Parker EE, Ashfeld BL. Oxyphosphonium Enolate Equilibria in a (4+1)-Cycloaddition Approach toward Quaternary C3-Spirooxindole Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:10349-10355. [PMID: 33861491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and convergent (4+1)-cycloaddition strategy toward the construction of spirooxindole benzofurans that involves the intermediacy of an isatin-derived oxyphosphonium enolate is presented. Mechanistic investigations employing in situ NMR analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a correlation between phosphonium enolate structure and product distribution that was heavily influenced by the solvent and reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Gulotty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kevin X Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Erin E Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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44
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Berger RML, Weck JM, Kempe SM, Hill O, Liedl T, Rädler JO, Monzel C, Heuer-Jungemann A. Nanoscale FasL Organization on DNA Origami to Decipher Apoptosis Signal Activation in Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101678. [PMID: 34057291 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is initiated by characteristic protein patterns in the plasma membrane, but tools to decipher their molecular organization and activation are hitherto lacking. Among the well-known signaling pattern is the death inducing signaling complex with a predicted hexagonal receptor architecture. To probe this architecture, DNA origami-based nanoagents with nanometer precise arrangements of the death receptor ligand FasL are introduced and presented to cells. Mimicking different receptor geometries, these nanoagents act as signaling platforms inducing fastest time-to-death kinetics for hexagonal FasL arrangements with 10 nm inter-molecular spacing. Compared to naturally occurring soluble FasL, this trigger is faster and 100× more efficient. Nanoagents with different spacing, lower FasL number or higher coupling flexibility impede signaling. The results present DNA origami as versatile signaling scaffolds exhibiting unprecedented control over molecular number and geometry. They define molecular benchmarks in apoptosis signal initiation and constitute a new strategy to drive particular cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda M L Berger
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Johann M Weck
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon M Kempe
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Hill
- Apogenix AG, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Monzel
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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45
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Maity R, Birenheide BS, Breher F, Sarkar B. Cooperative Effects in Multimetallic Complexes Applied in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramananda Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Bernhard S. Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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46
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Wang Q, Brooks SH, Liu T, Tomson NC. Tuning metal-metal interactions for cooperative small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2839-2853. [PMID: 33624638 PMCID: PMC8274379 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cluster complexes have attracted interest for decades due to their promise of drawing analogies to metallic surfaces and metalloenzyme active sites, but only recently have chemists started to develop ligand scaffolds that are specifically designed to support multinuclear transition metal cores. Such ligands not only hold multiple metal centers in close proximity but also allow for fine-tuning of their electronic structures and surrounding steric environments. This Feature Article highlights ligand designs that allow for cooperative small molecule activation at cluster complexes, with a particular focus on complexes that contain metal-metal bonds. Two useful ligand-design elements have emerged from this work: a degree of geometric flexibility, which allows for novel small molecule activation modes, and the use of redox-active ligands to provide electronic flexibility to the cluster core. The authors have incorporated these factors into a unique class of dinucleating macrocycles (nPDI2). Redox-active fragments in nPDI2 mimic the weak-overlap covalent bonding that is characteristic of M-M interactions, and aliphatic linkers in the ligand backbone provide geometric flexibility, allowing for interconversion between a range of geometries as the dinuclear core responds to the requirements of various small molecule substrates. The union of these design elements appears to be a powerful combination for analogizing critical aspects of heterogeneous and metalloenzyme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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47
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Chai W, Zhou Q, Ai W, Zheng Y, Qin T, Xu X, Zi W. Lewis-Acid-Promoted Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Cycloaddition of Pd-Oxyallyl with 1,3-Dienes: Reaction Development and Origins of Selectivities. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3595-3603. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenna Ai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianzhu Qin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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48
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Kennedy CR, Joannou MV, Steves JE, Hoyt JM, Kovel CB, Chirik PJ. Iron-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Dimerization and Cross-Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes: Probing the Origins of Chemo- and Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1368-1379. [PMID: 34336370 PMCID: PMC8317497 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular, homodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of vinylsilanes with unbiased 1,3-dienes, catalyzed by a pyridine-2,6-diimine (PDI) iron complex is described. In the absence of a diene coupling partner, vinylsilane hydroalkenylation products were obtained chemoselectively with unusual head-to-head regioselectivity (up to >98% purity, 98:2 E/Z). In the presence of a 4- or 2-substituted diene coupling partner, under otherwise identical reaction conditions, formation of value-added [2+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts, respectively, was observed. The chemoselectivity profile was distinct from that observed for analogous α-olefin dimerization and cross-reactions with 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies conducted with well-defined, single-component precatalysts (MePDI)Fe(L2) (where MePDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N; L2 = butadiene or 2(N2)) provided insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors contributing to the substrate-controlled regioselectivity for both the homodimerization and cross cycloadditions. Diamagnetic iron diene and paramagnetic iron olefin complexes were identified as catalyst resting states, were characterized by in situ NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies, and were corroborated with DFT calculations. Stoichiometric reactions and computational models provided evidence for a common mechanistic regime where competing steric and orbital-symmetry requirements dictate the regioselectivity of oxidative cyclization. Although distinct chemoselectivity profiles were observed in cross-cycloadditions with the vinylsilane congeners of α-olefins, these products arose from metallacycles with the same connectivity. The silyl substituents ultimately governed the relative rates of β-H elimination and C-C reductive elimination to dictate final product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Carli B. Kovel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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49
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Thierer LM, Wang Q, Brooks SH, Cui P, Qi J, Gau MR, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Pyridyldiimine macrocyclic ligands: Influences of template ion, linker length and imine substitution on ligand synthesis, structure and redox properties. Polyhedron 2021; 198. [PMID: 33776186 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,6-diiminopyridine-derived macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized via [2+2] condensation around alkaline earth metal triflate salts. The inclusion of a tert-butyl group at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of the macrocyclic synthons results in macrocyclic complexes that are soluble in common organic solvents, thereby enabling a systematic comparison of the physical properties of the complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, solution-phase UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Solid-state structures determined crystallographically demonstrate increased twisting in the ligand, concurrent with either a decrease in ion size or an increase in macrocycle ring size (18, 20, or 22 membered rings). The degree of folding and twisting within the macrocycle can be quantified using parameters derived from the Npyr-M-Npyr bond angle and the relative orientation of the pyridinediimine (PDI) and pyridinedialdimine (PDAI) fragments to each other within the solid state structures. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to compare the relative energies of the imine π* orbital of the redox active PDI and PDAI components in the macrocycle when coordinated to redox inactive metals. Both methods indicate the change from a methyl to hydrogen substitution on the imine carbon lowers the energy of the ligand π* system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Cui
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
| | - Jia Qi
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
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50
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Kysliak O, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Cooperative Bond Activation by a Bimetallic Main-Group Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:142-148. [PMID: 33356229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural metalloenzymes that efficiently catalyze a variety of transformations, chemists have developed large numbers of dinuclear transition-metal complexes with extraordinary properties and reactivity patterns. For main-group element compounds, however, metal-metal cooperativity is much less explored. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of a room-temperature-stable compound with two separated two-coordinated gallium(I) centers possessing both a lone pair of electrons and a vacant orbital, reminiscent of singlet carbenes. This species displays enhanced reactivity compared to its mononuclear counterpart due to bimetallic cooperativity that allows for the facile activation of strong C-F bonds across the gallium-gallium bond. Two mechanistic scenarios of the cooperative bond activation have been identified by DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kysliak
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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