1
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Kamath A, Guyot-Sionnest P. The "energy gap law" for mid-infrared nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:200901. [PMID: 38785281 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots are of increasing interest for mid-infrared detection and emission, but device performances will vastly benefit from reducing the non-radiative recombination. Empirically, the photoluminescence quantum yield decreases exponentially toward the mid-infrared, which appears similar to the energy gap law known for molecular fluorescence in the near-infrared. For molecules, the mechanism is electron-vibration coupling and fast internal vibrational relaxation. Here, we explore the possible mechanisms for inorganic quantum dots. The primary mechanism is assigned to an electric dipole near-field energy transfer from the quantum dot electronic transitions to the infrared absorption of surface organic ligands and then to the multiphonon absorption of the quantum dot inorganic core or the surrounding inorganic matrix. In order to obtain luminescent quantum dots in the 3-10 μm range, we motivate the importance of using inorganic matrices, which have a higher infrared transparency compared to organic materials. At longer wavelengths, inter-quantum dot energy transfer is noted to be much faster than radiative relaxation, indicating that bright mid-infrared colloidal quantum dot films might then benefit from dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Kamath
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Philippe Guyot-Sionnest
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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2
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Ueta H, Fukutani K. Rotational-Energy Transfer in H 2 Ortho-Para Conversion on a Metal Surface: Interplay between Electron and Phonon Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7591-7596. [PMID: 37599301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying energy transfer processes in molecular adsorption on solid surfaces is essential to understand the gas-surface interaction. Unlike the vibrational-energy transfer processes, which are thought to be well understood in detail, the rotational-energy transfer process still remains unclear. Considering the interconversion between ortho and para states of H2 is accompanied by the nuclear spin flip and the rotational-energy transfer, the surface-temperature dependence of the ortho-to-para conversion of molecularly chemisorbed H2 on Pd(210) is studied. The conversion rate is accelerated with an increase in surface temperature. Based on the conversion model proposed for metal surfaces, we analyze the temperature dependence of the conversion rate, taking into account both electron and phonon systems of the substrate. The rotational-energy transfer is most likely mediated by surface electrons with the assistance of the substrate phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ueta
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutani
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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3
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Ueta H, Fukutani K, Yamakawa K. Fast ortho-to-para conversion of molecular hydrogen in chemisorption and matrix-isolation systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1258035. [PMID: 37711317 PMCID: PMC10497966 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1258035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has two nuclear-spin modifications called ortho and para. Because of the symmetry restriction with respect to permutation of the two protons, the ortho and para isomers take only odd and even values of the rotational quantum number, respectively. The ortho-to-para conversion is promoted in condensed systems, to which the excess rotational energy and spin angular momentum are transferred. We review recent studies on fast ortho-to-para conversion of hydrogen in molecular chemisorption and matrix isolation systems, discussing the conversion mechanism as well as rotational-relaxation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ueta
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutani
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamakawa
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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He N, Huang M, Evangelista FA. CO Inversion on a NaCl(100) Surface: A Multireference Quantum Embedding Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1975-1987. [PMID: 36799901 PMCID: PMC9986868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We develop a multireference quantum embedding model to investigate a recent experimental observation of the isomerization of vibrationally excited CO molecules on a NaCl(100) surface [Science 2020, 367, 175-178]. To explore this mechanism, we built a reduced potential energy surface of CO interacting with NaCl(100) using a second-order multireference perturbation theory, modeling the adsorbate-surface interaction with our previously developed active space embedding theory (ASET). We considered an isolated CO molecule on NaCl(100) and a high-coverage CO monolayer (1/1), and for both we generated potential energy surfaces parametrized by the CO stretching, adsorption, and inversion coordinates. These surfaces are used to determine stationary points and adsorption energies and to perform a vibrational analysis of the states relevant to the inversion mechanism. We found that for near-equilibrium bond lengths, CO adsorbed in the C-down configuration is lower in energy than in the O-down configuration. Stretching of the C-O bond reverses the energetic order of these configurations, supporting the accepted isomerization mechanism. The vibrational constants obtained from these potential energy surfaces show a small (< 10 cm-1) blue- and red-shift for the C-down and O-down configurations, respectively, in agreement with experimental assignments and previous theoretical studies. Our vibrational analysis of the monolayer case suggests that the O-down configuration is energetically more stable than the C-down one beyond the 16th vibrational excited state of CO, a value slightly smaller than the one from quasi-classical trajectory simulations (22nd) and consistent with the experiment. Our analysis suggests that CO-CO interactions in the monolayer play an important role in stabilizing highly vibrationally excited states in the O-down configuration and reducing the barrier between the C-down and O-down geometries, therefore playing a crucial role in the inversion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Lau JA, Verma VB, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. Superconducting single-photon detectors in the mid-infrared for physical chemistry and spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:921-941. [PMID: 36649126 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Applications of vibrational spectroscopy throughout the field of physical chemistry are limited by detectors with poor temporal resolution, low detection efficiency, and high background levels. Up to now, the field has relied upon detectors based on semiconducting materials with small bandgaps, which unavoidably leads to a compromise between good spectral response and noise at long wavelengths. However, a revolution in mid-infrared light detection is underway based on the interactions of photons with superconducting materials, which function under fundamentally different operating principles. Superconducting detectors were first used to detect light at shorter wavelengths. However, recent developments in their sensitivity toward mid-infrared wavelengths up to 10 μm provide new opportunities for applications in molecular science, such as infrared emission experiments, exoplanet spectroscopy and single molecule microscopy. In this tutorial review, we provide background information needed for the non-expert in superconducting light detection to apply these devices in the field of mid-infrared molecular spectroscopy. We present and compare the detection mechanisms and current developments of three types of superconducting detectors: superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), transition edge sensors (TESs), and microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). We also highlight existing applications of SNSPDs for laser-induced infrared fluorescence experiments and discuss their potential for other molecular spectroscopy applications. Ultimately, superconducting infrared detectors have the potential to approach the sensitivity and characteristics of established single-photon detectors operating in the UV/Vis region, which have existed for almost a century and become an indispensable tool within the field of physical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha A Lau
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Varun B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany. .,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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6
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Highly selective recovery of rare earth elements from mine wastewater by modifying kaolin with phosphoric acid. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Pan Y, Zhou H, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhang L, Si M, Li H, You L, Wang Z. Mid-infrared Nb 4N 3-based superconducting nanowire single photon detectors for wavelengths up to 10 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40044-40052. [PMID: 36298943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) single-photon detection is emerging as an important technology for various applications. Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) fabricated with superconducting films with energy gaps of a few meV are natural broadband single-photon detectors. Recently, extending SNSPDs' operation wavelengths into the MIR region is highly attractive. γ-Nb4N3 has a reduced N content and lower energy gap than the commonly used δ-NbN, making SNSPDs based on γ-Nb4N3 film more sensitive to low energy photons. We report on a Nb4N3-SNSPD based on 62-nm wide nanowire, with an optical absorption enhancement design and an optimized device package for efficient ZBLAN fiber coupling and dark count filtering. The developed device has a unity intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) in the 1.5-4 µm wavelength region, and the device detection efficiency at 2.95 µm was measured to be 32.5%, with an uncertainty of 12.7%. Furthermore, we reduced the device geometry, and measured 3-10 µm photon response of a device based on 5-nm film and 42-nm nanowire, with an IDE of 95%, 81%, 40%, and 6% for 4.8, 6, 8, and 10 µm, respectively.
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8
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Wang X, Jiang S, Hu W, Ye S, Wang T, Wu F, Yang L, Li X, Zhang G, Chen X, Jiang J, Luo Y. Quantitatively Determining Surface-Adsorbate Properties from Vibrational Spectroscopy with Interpretable Machine Learning. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16069-16076. [PMID: 36001497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Learning microscopic properties of a material from its macroscopic measurables is a grand and challenging goal in physical science. Conventional wisdom is to first identify material structures exploiting characterization tools, such as spectroscopy, and then to infer properties of interest, often with assistance of theory and simulations. This indirect approach has limitations due to the accumulation of errors from retrieving structures from spectral signals and the lack of quantitative structure-property relationship. A new pathway directly from spectral signals to microscopic properties is highly desirable, as it would offer valuable guidance toward materials evaluation and design via spectroscopic measurements. Herein, we exploit machine-learned vibrational spectroscopy to establish quantitative spectrum-property relationships. Key interaction properties of substrate-adsorbate systems, including adsorption energy and charge transfer, are quantitatively determined directly from Infrared and Raman spectroscopic signals of the adsorbates. The machine-learned spectrum-property relationships are presented as mathematical formulas, which are physically interpretable and therefore transferrable to a series of metal/alloy surfaces. The demonstrated ability of quantitative determination of hard-to-measure microscopic properties using machine-learned spectroscopy will significantly broaden the applicability of conventional spectroscopic techniques for materials design and high throughput screening under operando conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tairan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Chen
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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9
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DeVine JA, Choudhury A, Lau JA, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. Spin-Forbidden Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation in Vibrationally Excited α-CO. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2270-2277. [PMID: 35380441 PMCID: PMC9014413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy of laser-irradiated cryogenic
crystals shows that vibrational excitation of CO leads to the production
of equal amounts of CO2 and C3O2.
The reaction mechanism is explored using electronic structure calculations,
demonstrating that the lowest-energy pathway involves a spin-forbidden
reaction of (CO)2 yielding C(3P) + CO2. C(3P) then undergoes barrierless recombination with
two other CO molecules forming C3O2. Calculated
intersystem crossing rates support the spin-forbidden mechanism, showing
subpicosecond spin-flipping time scales for a (CO)2 geometry
that is energetically consistent with states accessed through vibrational
energy pooling. This spin-flip occurs with an estimated ∼4%
efficiency; on the singlet surface, (CO)2 reconverts back
to CO monomers, releasing heat which induces CO desorption. The discovery
that vibrational excitation of condensed-phase CO leads to spin-forbidden
C–C bond formation may be important to the development of accurate
models of interstellar chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A DeVine
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen, Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen, Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstaße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jascha A Lau
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen, Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstaße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen, Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen, Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstaße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Condensed-phase isomerization through tunnelling gateways. Nature 2022; 612:691-695. [PMID: 36265512 PMCID: PMC9771804 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical tunnelling describes transmission of matter waves through a barrier with height larger than the energy of the wave1. Tunnelling becomes important when the de Broglie wavelength of the particle exceeds the barrier thickness; because wavelength increases with decreasing mass, lighter particles tunnel more efficiently than heavier ones. However, there exist examples in condensed-phase chemistry where increasing mass leads to increased tunnelling rates2. In contrast to the textbook approach, which considers transitions between continuum states, condensed-phase reactions involve transitions between bound states of reactants and products. Here this conceptual distinction is highlighted by experimental measurements of isotopologue-specific tunnelling rates for CO rotational isomerization at an NaCl surface3,4, showing nonmonotonic mass dependence. A quantum rate theory of isomerization is developed wherein transitions between sub-barrier reactant and product states occur through interaction with the environment. Tunnelling is fastest for specific pairs of states (gateways), the quantum mechanical details of which lead to enhanced cross-barrier coupling; the energies of these gateways arise nonsystematically, giving an erratic mass dependence. Gateways also accelerate ground-state isomerization, acting as leaky holes through the reaction barrier. This simple model provides a way to account for tunnelling in condensed-phase chemistry, and indicates that heavy-atom tunnelling may be more important than typically assumed.
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11
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Lu D, Chen J, Guo H, Li J. Vibrational energy pooling via collisions between asymmetric stretching excited CO 2: a quasi-classical trajectory study on an accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24165-24174. [PMID: 34671798 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In low temperature plasmas, energy transfer between asymmetric stretching excited CO2 molecules can be highly efficient, which leads to further excitation (and de-excitation) of the CO2 molecules: CO2(vas) + CO2(vas) → CO2(vas + 1) + CO2(vas - 1). Through such a vibrational ladder climbing mechanism, CO2 can be activated and eventually dissociates. To gain mechanistic insight of such processes, a full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface (PES) for the CO2 + CO2 system is developed using the permutational invariant polynomial-neural network method based on CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ energies at about 39 000 geometries. This PES is used in quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) studies of the vibrational energy transfer between CO2 molecules excited in the asymmetric stretching mode. A machine learning algorithm is used to determine state-specific rate coefficients for the vibrational transfer processes from a limited data set. In addition to the CO2(vas + 1) + CO2(vas - 1) channel, the QCT simulations revealed significant contributions from the CO2(vas + 2,3) + CO2(vas - 2,3) channels, particularly at low collision energies/temperatures. These multi-vibrational-quantum processes are attributed to enhanced energy flow in the collisional complex formed by enhanced dipole-dipole interaction between asymmetric stretching excited CO2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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12
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Lecroart L, Hertl N, Dorenkamp Y, Jiang H, Kitsopoulos TN, Kandratsenka A, Bünermann O, Wodtke AM. Adsorbate modification of electronic nonadiabaticity: H atom scattering from p(2 × 2) O on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034702. [PMID: 34293879 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report inelastic differential scattering experiments for energetic H and D atoms colliding at a Pt(111) surface with and without adsorbed O atoms. Dramatically, more energy loss is seen for scattering from the Pt(111) surface compared to p(2 × 2) O on Pt(111), indicating that O adsorption reduces the probability of electron-hole pair (EHP) excitation. We produced a new full-dimensional potential energy surface for H interaction with O/Pt that reproduces density functional theory energies accurately. We then attempted to model the EHP excitation in H/D scattering with molecular dynamics simulations employing the electronic density information from the Pt(111) to calculate electronic friction at the level of the local density friction approximation (LDFA). This approach, which assumes that O atoms simply block the Pt atom from the approaching H atom, fails to reproduce experiment due to the fact that the effective collision cross section of the O atom is only 10% of the area of the surface unit cell. An empirical adiabatic sphere model that reduces electronic nonadiabaticity within an O-Pt bonding length scale of 2.8 Å reproduces experiment well, suggesting that the electronic structure changes induced by chemisorption of O atoms nearly remove the H atom's ability to excite EHPs in the Pt. Alternatives to LDFA friction are needed to account for this adsorbate effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Lecroart
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hertl
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Dorenkamp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theofanis N Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Wang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Zhang IY, Xu X. Doubly Hybrid Functionals Close to Chemical Accuracy for Both Finite and Extended Systems: Implementation and Test of XYG3 and XYGJ-OS. JACS AU 2021; 1:543-549. [PMID: 34467317 PMCID: PMC8395692 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While being widely used to understand the chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis or other multidisciplinary systems, a great challenge that semilocal and hybrid density functional approximations (DFAs) are facing is to deliver a uniformly accurate description for both finite and extended systems. Herein, we perform reliable and well-converged periodic calculations of two doubly hybrid approximations (DHAs), XYG3 and XYGJ-OS, and demonstrate that the good accuracy of DHAs achieved for molecules is transferable to the semiconductors and insulators. Such an accuracy is not only for energetic properties but also for the first- and second-order response properties, which is general for different kinds of chemical environments, including simple cubic bulks, perovskite-type transition metal oxides like TiO2, and heterogeneous systems like CO adsorption on the NaCl(100) surface. The present finding has strengthened the predictive power of DFT, which not only will inspire the future development of the top-rung DFAs but also will boost their applications in multidisciplinary studies with high accuracy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai, Key
Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key
Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Auerbach DJ, Tully JC, Wodtke AM. Chemical dynamics from the gas‐phase to surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ntls.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
| | - John C. Tully
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
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15
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Bünermann O, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM. Inelastic Scattering of H Atoms from Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3059-3076. [PMID: 33779163 PMCID: PMC8154602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an instrument that uses photolysis of hydrogen halides to produce nearly monoenergetic hydrogen atom beams and Rydberg atom tagging to obtain accurate angle-resolved time-of-flight distributions of atoms scattered from surfaces. The surfaces are prepared under strict ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Data from these experiments can provide excellent benchmarks for theory, from which it is possible to obtain an atomic scale understanding of the underlying dynamical processes governing H atom adsorption. In this way, the mechanism of adsorption on metals is revealed, showing a penetration-resurfacing mechanism that relies on electronic excitation of the metal by the H atom to succeed. Contrasting this, when H atoms collide at graphene surfaces, the dynamics of bond formation involving at least four carbon atoms govern adsorption. Future perspectives of H atom scattering from surfaces are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Quasiclassical simulations based on cluster models reveal vibration-facilitated roaming in the isomerization of CO adsorbed on NaCl. Nat Chem 2021; 13:249-254. [PMID: 33462381 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The desire to better understand the quantum nature of isomerization led to recent experimental observations of the vibrationally induced isomerization of OC-NaCl(100) to CO-NaCl(100). To investigate the mechanism of this isomerization, we performed dynamics calculations using finite (CO-NaCl)n cluster models. We constructed new potential energy surfaces for CO-NaCl and CO-CO interactions using high-level ab initio data and report key properties of the bare CO-NaCl potential energy surface, which show much in common with the experiment. We investigated the isomerization dynamics using several cluster models and, in all cases, isomerization was seen for highly excited CO vibrational states, in agreement with experiments. A detailed examination of the reaction trajectories indicates that isomerization occurs when the distance between CO and NaCl is larger than the distance at the conventional isomerization saddle point, which is a strong indicator of 'roaming'.
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17
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Lau JA, Chen L, Choudhury A, Schwarzer D, Verma VB, Wodtke AM. Transporting and concentrating vibrational energy to promote isomerization. Nature 2021; 589:391-395. [PMID: 33432240 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light absorption and transport of the resultant electronic excitations to a reaction centre through Förster resonance energy transfer1-3 (FRET) are critical to the operation of biological light-harvesting systems4, and are used in various artificial systems made of synthetic dyes5, polymers6 or nanodots7,8. The fundamental equations describing FRET are similar to those describing vibration-to-vibration (V-V) energy transfer9, and suggest that transport and localization of vibrational energy should, in principle, also be possible. Although it is known that vibrational excitation can promote reactions10-16, transporting and concentrating vibrational energy has not yet been reported. We have recently demonstrated orientational isomerization enabled by vibrational energy pooling in a CO adsorbate layer on a NaCl(100) surface17. Here we build on that work to show that the isomerization reaction proceeds more efficiently with a thick 12C16O overlayer that absorbs more mid-infrared photons and transports the resultant vibrational excitations by V-V energy transfer to a 13C18O-NaCl interface. The vibrational energy density achieved at the interface is 30 times higher than that obtained with direct excitation of the interfacial CO. We anticipate that with careful system design, these concepts could be used to drive other chemical transformations, providing new approaches to condensed phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha A Lau
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Varun B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. .,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany. .,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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18
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Verma VB, Korzh B, Walter AB, Lita AE, Briggs RM, Colangelo M, Zhai Y, Wollman EE, Beyer AD, Allmaras JP, Vora H, Zhu D, Schmidt E, Kozorezov AG, Berggren KK, Mirin RP, Nam SW, Shaw MD. Single-photon detection in the mid-infrared up to 10 μm wavelength using tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire detectors. APL PHOTONICS 2021; 6:10.1063/5.0048049. [PMID: 37621960 PMCID: PMC10448953 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on tungsten silicide, which show saturated internal detection efficiency up to a wavelength of 10 μm. These detectors are promising for applications in the mid-infrared requiring sub-nanosecond timing, ultra-high gain stability, low dark counts, and high efficiency, such as chemical sensing, LIDAR, dark matter searches, and exoplanet spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - B. Korzh
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A. B. Walter
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A. E. Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R. M. Briggs
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - M. Colangelo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y. Zhai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E. E. Wollman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A. D. Beyer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J. P. Allmaras
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - H. Vora
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D. Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E. Schmidt
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A. G. Kozorezov
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - K. K. Berggren
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R. P. Mirin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S. W. Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M. D. Shaw
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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19
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Sinha S, Saalfrank P. “Inverted” CO molecules on NaCl(100): a quantum mechanical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7860-7874. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inverted (“O-down”) CO adsorbates on NaCl(100), recently observed experimentally after IR vibrational excitation (Lau et al., Science, 2020, 367, 175–178), are characterized using periodic DFT and a quantum mechanical description of vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sinha
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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20
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Tarrago Velez S, Sudhir V, Sangouard N, Galland C. Bell correlations between light and vibration at ambient conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb0260. [PMID: 33355121 PMCID: PMC11206194 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy techniques offer various ways to study the dynamics of molecular vibrations in liquids or gases and optical phonons in crystals. While these techniques give access to the coherence time of the vibrational modes, they are not able to reveal the fragile quantum correlations that are spontaneously created between light and vibration during the Raman interaction. Here, we present a scheme leveraging universal properties of spontaneous Raman scattering to demonstrate Bell correlations between light and a collective molecular vibration. We measure the decay of these hybrid photon-phonon Bell correlations with sub-picosecond time resolution and find that they survive over several hundred oscillations at ambient conditions. Our method offers a universal approach to generate entanglement between light and molecular vibrations. Moreover, our results pave the way for the study of quantum correlations in more complex solid-state and molecular systems in their natural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Tarrago Velez
- Institue of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivishek Sudhir
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicolas Sangouard
- Departement Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institut de physique théorique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Galland
- Institue of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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21
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Mandal B, Semenov A, Babikov D. Adiabatic Trajectory Approximation within the Framework of Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9877-9888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikramaditya Mandal
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Alexander Semenov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Dmitri Babikov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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22
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Lau JA, Schönemann AM, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. The coverage dependence of the infrared absorption of CO adsorbed to NaCl(100). J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154703. [PMID: 33092353 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CO adsorbed to NaCl(100) exhibits perhaps the weakest possible coupling between the adsorbate and solid. It is, therefore, an ideal system to observe the influence of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions on infrared absorption. In this work, we report polarized FTIR absorption spectra of CO/NaCl(100) as a function of coverage (0.02 ≤ θ ≤ 1 ML), where the coverage has been quantitatively determined by temperature-programmed desorption and molecular beam dosing. We extend a previous semi-empirical model designed to describe the screening of the local electric field due to dipole-dipole interactions in a CO monolayer. The extended model applies to sub-monolayer coverages and describes properly the electric field of the absorbed radiation at the vacuum-substrate interface. Fitting this model to coverage-dependent IR absorption data allows us to derive the vibrational and electronic polarizabilities [χv = 0.0435(14) Å3, χe = 3.30(36) Å3] and the integrated absorption cross section of 2.51(8) × 10-17 cm/molecule for an isolated CO molecule adsorbed at the NaCl (100) surface. The determined integrated absorption cross section is substantially smaller than that of gas phase CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha A Lau
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Schönemann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Chen J, Li J, Bowman JM, Guo H. Energy transfer between vibrationally excited carbon monoxide based on a highly accurate six-dimensional potential energy surface. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054310. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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24
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Lau JA, Choudhury A, Li C, Schwarzer D, Verma VB, Wodtke AM. Observation of an isomerizing double-well quantum system in the condensed phase. Science 2020. [PMID: 31919218 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz3407 article] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Molecular isomerization fundamentally involves quantum states bound within a potential energy function with multiple minima. For isolated gas-phase molecules, eigenstates well above the isomerization saddle points have been characterized. However, to observe the quantum nature of isomerization, systems in which transitions between the eigenstates occur-such as condensed-phase systems-must be studied. Efforts to resolve quantum states with spectroscopic tools are typically unsuccessful for such systems. An exception is CO adsorbed on NaCl(100), which is bound with the well-known OC-Na+ structure. We observe an unexpected upside-down isomer (CO-Na+) produced by infrared laser excitation and obtain well-resolved infrared fluorescence spectra from highly energetic vibrational states of both orientational isomers. This distinctive condensed-phase system is ideally suited to spectroscopic investigations of the quantum nature of isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha A Lau
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Varun B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Advanced mid-infrared techniques identify orientational isomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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26
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Lau JA, Choudhury A, Li C, Schwarzer D, Verma VB, Wodtke AM. Observation of an isomerizing double-well quantum system in the condensed phase. Science 2020; 367:175-178. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jascha A. Lau
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arnab Choudhury
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Varun B. Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Metzger B, Muller E, Nishida J, Pollard B, Hentschel M, Raschke MB. Purcell-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of Molecular Vibrations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153001. [PMID: 31702318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of molecular vibrations provides insight into molecular structure, coupling, and dynamics. However, picosecond scale intermolecular and intramolecular many-body interactions, nonradiative relaxation, absorption, and thermalization typically dominate over IR spontaneous emission. We demonstrate how coupling to a resonant IR antenna can enhance spontaneous emission of molecular vibrations. Using time-domain nanoprobe spectroscopy we observe an up to 50% decrease in vibrational dephasing time T_{2,vib}, based on the coupling-induced population decay with T_{κ}≃550 fs and an associated Purcell factor of >10^{6}. This rate enhancement of the spontaneous emission of antenna-coupled molecular vibrations opens new avenues for IR coherent control, quantum information processing, and quantum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Metzger
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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28
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Kumar S, Jiang H, Schwarzer M, Kandratsenka A, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. Vibrational Relaxation Lifetime of a Physisorbed Molecule at a Metal Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:156101. [PMID: 31702291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous measurements of vibrational relaxation lifetimes for molecules adsorbed at metal surfaces yielded values of 1-3 ps; however, only chemisorbed molecules have been studied. We report the first measurements of the vibrational relaxation lifetime of a molecule physisorbed to a metal surface. For CO(v=1) adsorbed on Au(111) at 35 K the vibrational lifetime of the excited stretching mode is 49±3 ps. The long lifetime seen here is likely to be a general feature of physisorption, which involves weaker electronic coupling between the adsorbate and the solid due to bonding at larger distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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