1
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Lucchetti A, Cambioni S, Nakano R, Barnouin OS, Pajola M, Penasa L, Tusberti F, Ramesh KT, Dotto E, Ernst CM, Daly RT, Mazzotta Epifani E, Hirabayashi M, Parro L, Poggiali G, Campo Bagatin A, Ballouz RL, Chabot NL, Michel P, Murdoch N, Vincent JB, Karatekin Ö, Rivkin AS, Sunshine JM, Kohout T, Deshapriya JDP, Hasselmann PHA, Ieva S, Beccarelli J, Ivanovski SL, Rossi A, Ferrari F, Rossi C, Raducan SD, Steckloff J, Schwartz S, Brucato JR, Dall'Ora M, Zinzi A, Cheng AF, Amoroso M, Bertini I, Capannolo A, Caporali S, Ceresoli M, Cremonese G, Della Corte V, Gai I, Gomez Casajus L, Gramigna E, Impresario G, Lasagni Manghi R, Lavagna M, Lombardo M, Modenini D, Palumbo P, Perna D, Pirrotta S, Tortora P, Zannoni M, Zanotti G. Fast boulder fracturing by thermal fatigue detected on stony asteroids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6206. [PMID: 39080275 PMCID: PMC11289370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spacecraft observations revealed that rocks on carbonaceous asteroids, which constitute the most numerous class by composition, can develop millimeter-to-meter-scale fractures due to thermal stresses. However, signatures of this process on the second-most populous group of asteroids, the S-complex, have been poorly constrained. Here, we report observations of boulders' fractures on Dimorphos, which is the moonlet of the S-complex asteroid (65803) Didymos, the target of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) planetary defense mission. We show that the size-frequency distribution and orientation of the mapped fractures are consistent with formation through thermal fatigue. The fractures' preferential orientation supports that these have originated in situ on Dimorphos boulders and not on Didymos boulders later transferred to Dimorphos. Based on our model of the fracture propagation, we propose that thermal fatigue on rocks exposed on the surface of S-type asteroids can form shallow, horizontally propagating fractures in much shorter timescales (100 kyr) than in the direction normal to the boulder surface (order of Myrs). The presence of boulder fields affected by thermal fracturing on near-Earth asteroid surfaces may contribute to an enhancement in the ejected mass and momentum from kinetic impactors when deflecting asteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lucchetti
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy.
| | - S Cambioni
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Nakano
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - O S Barnouin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - M Pajola
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - L Penasa
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - F Tusberti
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - K T Ramesh
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Dotto
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | - C M Ernst
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - R T Daly
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | | | - M Hirabayashi
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - L Parro
- IUFACyT. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Poggiali
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
- LESIA-Observatorie de Paris PSL, Paris, France
| | - A Campo Bagatin
- IUFACyT. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - N L Chabot
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
- School of Engineering, Department of Systems Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Murdoch
- Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J B Vincent
- DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ö Karatekin
- Royal Observatory of Belgium, Uccle, Belgium
| | - A S Rivkin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - J M Sunshine
- Departments of Astronomy and Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T Kohout
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J D P Deshapriya
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | - P H A Hasselmann
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | - S Ieva
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | - J Beccarelli
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - S L Ivanovski
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - F Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano - Bovisa Campus, Milano, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - S D Raducan
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Steckloff
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Schwartz
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J R Brucato
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Dall'Ora
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Zinzi
- Space Science Data Center - ASI, Roma, Italy
| | - A F Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - M Amoroso
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma, Italy
| | - I Bertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze & Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Capannolo
- Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Caporali
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Ceresoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano - Bovisa Campus, Milano, Italy
| | - G Cremonese
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - V Della Corte
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Gai
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - L Gomez Casajus
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - E Gramigna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | | | - R Lasagni Manghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - M Lavagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano - Bovisa Campus, Milano, Italy
| | - M Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - D Modenini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - P Palumbo
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Roma, Italy
| | - D Perna
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy
| | | | - P Tortora
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - M Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - G Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano - Bovisa Campus, Milano, Italy
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2
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Nagaashi Y, Nakamura AM. High mobility of asteroid particles revealed by measured cohesive force of meteorite fragments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3530. [PMID: 36930712 PMCID: PMC10022890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cohesive force of asteroid particles is a crucial parameter in microgravity. The cohesive force was evaluated under the assumptions of lunar regolith and proportionality to particle size; however, it is sensitive to particle shape. In this study, cohesive-force measurements of meteorite fragments and aggregates consisting of silica microspheres revealed that the cohesive force is independent of the sizes of the fragments and aggregates as well as of the fragment preparation methods. The cohesive forces of the asteroid particles were found to be orders of magnitude smaller than previously predicted, explaining the high mobility of asteroid surface particles identified by space exploration.
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3
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Planetary defense with the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission and prospects. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1003. [PMID: 36859367 PMCID: PMC9978022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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4
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Okazaki R, Marty B, Busemann H, Hashizume K, Gilmour JD, Meshik A, Yada T, Kitajima F, Broadley MW, Byrne D, Füri E, Riebe MEI, Krietsch D, Maden C, Ishida A, Clay P, Crowther SA, Fawcett L, Lawton T, Pravdivtseva O, Miura YN, Park J, Bajo KI, Takano Y, Yamada K, Kawagucci S, Matsui Y, Yamamoto M, Righter K, Sakai S, Iwata N, Shirai N, Sekimoto S, Inagaki M, Ebihara M, Yokochi R, Nishiizumi K, Nagao K, Lee JI, Kano A, Caffee MW, Uemura R, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Yabuta H, Yurimoto H, Tachibana S, Sawada H, Sakamoto K, Abe M, Arakawa M, Fujii A, Hayakawa M, Hirata N, Hirata N, Honda R, Honda C, Hosoda S, Iijima YI, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kawahara K, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Matsumoto K, Matsuoka M, Michikami T, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Morota T, Nakazawa S, Namiki N, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Okada T, Okamoto C, Ono G, Ozaki M, Saiki T, Sakatani N, Senshu H, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Sugita S, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tanaka S, Tatsumi E, Terui F, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yamamoto Y, Yano H, Yokota Y, Yoshihara K, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Hayashi T, Hitomi Y, Kumagai K, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Soejima H, Iwamae A, Yamamoto D, Yogata K, Yoshitake M, Fukai R, Usui T, Connolly HC, Lauretta D, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y. Noble gases and nitrogen in samples of asteroid Ryugu record its volatile sources and recent surface evolution. Science 2023; 379:eabo0431. [PMID: 36264828 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth's volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation. Noble gas concentrations are higher than those in Ivuna-type carbonaceous (CI) chondrite meteorites. Several host phases of isotopically distinct nitrogen have different abundances among the samples. Our measurements support a close relationship between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Noble gases produced by galactic cosmic rays, indicating a ~5 million year exposure, and from implanted solar wind record the recent irradiation history of Ryugu after it migrated to its current orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bernard Marty
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Henner Busemann
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ko Hashizume
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Jamie D Gilmour
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alex Meshik
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fumio Kitajima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - David Byrne
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Evelyn Füri
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRPG, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - My E I Riebe
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Krietsch
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Maden
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Akizumi Ishida
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Patricia Clay
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah A Crowther
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lydia Fawcett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas Lawton
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Olga Pravdivtseva
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yayoi N Miura
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jisun Park
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kingsborough Community College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Bajo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Keita Yamada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.,Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsui
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.,Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamamoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kevin Righter
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Iwata
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Shirai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Shun Sekimoto
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Makoto Inagaki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ebihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
| | - Reika Yokochi
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kunihiko Nishiizumi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jong Ik Lee
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Akihiro Kano
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marc W Caffee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ryu Uemura
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naru Hirata
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Rie Honda
- Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Honda
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masateru Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Takahiro Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitazato
- Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Yuya Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akira Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Morota
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Noda
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Rina Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Go Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kei Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Eri Tatsumi
- School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Ryudo Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Kent Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shizuho Furuya
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yuya Hitomi
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Iwamae
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Miwa Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Harold C Connolly
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Dante Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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5
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Yokoyama T, Nagashima K, Nakai I, Young ED, Abe Y, Aléon J, Alexander CMO, Amari S, Amelin Y, Bajo KI, Bizzarro M, Bouvier A, Carlson RW, Chaussidon M, Choi BG, Dauphas N, Davis AM, Di Rocco T, Fujiya W, Fukai R, Gautam I, Haba MK, Hibiya Y, Hidaka H, Homma H, Hoppe P, Huss GR, Ichida K, Iizuka T, Ireland TR, Ishikawa A, Ito M, Itoh S, Kawasaki N, Kita NT, Kitajima K, Kleine T, Komatani S, Krot AN, Liu MC, Masuda Y, McKeegan KD, Morita M, Motomura K, Moynier F, Nguyen A, Nittler L, Onose M, Pack A, Park C, Piani L, Qin L, Russell SS, Sakamoto N, Schönbächler M, Tafla L, Tang H, Terada K, Terada Y, Usui T, Wada S, Wadhwa M, Walker RJ, Yamashita K, Yin QZ, Yoneda S, Yui H, Zhang AC, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Sakamoto K, Yabuta H, Abe M, Arakawa M, Fujii A, Hayakawa M, Hirata N, Hirata N, Honda R, Honda C, Hosoda S, Iijima YI, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kawahara K, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Matsumoto K, Matsuoka M, Michikami T, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Morota T, Nakazawa S, Namiki N, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Okada T, Okamoto C, Ono G, Ozaki M, Saiki T, Sakatani N, Sawada H, Senshu H, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Sugita S, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tanaka S, Tatsumi E, Terui F, Tsuda Y, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Watanabe SI, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yamamoto Y, Yano H, Yokota Y, Yoshihara K, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Hayashi T, Hitomi Y, Kumagai K, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Soejima H, Suzuki A, Yada T, Yamamoto D, Yogata K, Yoshitake M, Tachibana S, Yurimoto H. Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites. Science 2023; 379:eabn7850. [PMID: 35679354 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured the mineralogy and bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. The samples are mainly composed of materials similar to those of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, particularly the CI (Ivuna-type) group. The samples consist predominantly of minerals formed in aqueous fluid on a parent planetesimal. The primary minerals were altered by fluids at a temperature of 37° ± 10°C, about [Formula: see text] million (statistical) or [Formula: see text] million (systematic) years after the formation of the first solids in the Solar System. After aqueous alteration, the Ryugu samples were likely never heated above ~100°C. The samples have a chemical composition that more closely resembles that of the Sun's photosphere than other natural samples do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nagashima
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Izumi Nakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Jérôme Aléon
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7590, Institut de recherche pour le développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Conel M O'D Alexander
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Sachiko Amari
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yuri Amelin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Bajo
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Martin Bizzarro
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, K 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Audrey Bouvier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard W Carlson
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Marc Chaussidon
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Byeon-Gak Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas Dauphas
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew M Davis
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tommaso Di Rocco
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wataru Fujiya
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ikshu Gautam
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makiko K Haba
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Hibiya
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Homma
- Osaka Application Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan
| | - Peter Hoppe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Gary R Huss
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Ichida
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iizuka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Trevor R Ireland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Shoichi Itoh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko T Kita
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kouki Kitajima
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thorsten Kleine
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shintaro Komatani
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Alexander N Krot
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Liu
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kevin D McKeegan
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayu Morita
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Kazuko Motomura
- Thermal Analysis Division, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ann Nguyen
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Larry Nittler
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Morihiko Onose
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Andreas Pack
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Changkun Park
- Division of Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Laurette Piani
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lorraine, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - Liping Qin
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sara S Russell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Maria Schönbächler
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Tafla
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haolan Tang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kentaro Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuko Terada
- Spectroscopy and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sohei Wada
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Meenakshi Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Richard J Walker
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Qing-Zhu Yin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shigekazu Yoneda
- Department of Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Yui
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ai-Cheng Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Harold C Connolly
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Dante S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiko Arakawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hirata
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naru Hirata
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Rie Honda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Honda
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masateru Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ishihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitazato
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Yuya Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akira Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - Rina Noguchi
- Academic Assembly Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Go Ono
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakatani
- College of Science Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hiroki Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kei Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Eri Tatsumi
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ryudo Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kent Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shizuho Furuya
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Yuya Hitomi
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Suzuki
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Miwa Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/Jaxa Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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6
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Noguchi T, Matsumoto T, Miyake A, Igami Y, Haruta M, Saito H, Hata S, Seto Y, Miyahara M, Tomioka N, Ishii HA, Bradley JP, Ohtaki KK, Dobrică E, Leroux H, Le Guillou C, Jacob D, de la Peña F, Laforet S, Marinova M, Langenhorst F, Harries D, Beck P, Phan THV, Rebois R, Abreu NM, Gray J, Zega T, Zanetta PM, Thompson MS, Stroud R, Burgess K, Cymes BA, Bridges JC, Hicks L, Lee MR, Daly L, Bland PA, Zolensky ME, Frank DR, Martinez J, Tsuchiyama A, Yasutake M, Matsuno J, Okumura S, Mitsukawa I, Uesugi K, Uesugi M, Takeuchi A, Sun M, Enju S, Takigawa A, Michikami T, Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Nakauchi Y, Abe M, Arakawa M, Fujii A, Hayakawa M, Hirata N, Hirata N, Honda R, Honda C, Hosoda S, Iijima YI, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kawahara K, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Matsumoto K, Matsuoka M, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Morota T, Nakazawa S, Namiki N, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Okada T, Okamoto C, Ono G, Ozaki M, Saiki T, Sakatani N, Sawada H, Senshu H, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Sugita S, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tanaka S, Tatsumi E, Terui F, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yamamoto Y, Yano H, Yokota Y, Yoshihara K, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Fukai R, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Hayashi T, Hitomi Y, Kumagai K, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Soejima H, Suzuki AI, Usui T, Yada T, Yamamoto D, Yogata K, Yoshitake M, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS, Yurimoto H, Nagashima K, Kawasaki N, Sakamoto N, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Watanabe SI, Tsuda Y. A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu. NATURE ASTRONOMY 2022; 7:170-181. [PMID: 36845884 PMCID: PMC9943745 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-022-01841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphization and partial melting of phyllosilicates, in which reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and dehydration developed. Space weathering probably contributed to dehydration by dehydroxylation of Ryugu surface phyllosilicates that had already lost interlayer water molecules and to weakening of the 2.7 µm hydroxyl (-OH) band in reflectance spectra. For C-type asteroids in general, this indicates that a weak 2.7 µm band can signify space-weathering-induced surface dehydration, rather than bulk volatile loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Matsumoto
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Miyake
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Igami
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Saito
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Pan-Omics Data-Driven Research Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Department of Geosciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyahara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naotaka Tomioka
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, X-Star, JAMSTEC, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hope A. Ishii
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - John P. Bradley
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Kenta K. Ohtaki
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Elena Dobrică
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Hugues Leroux
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France
| | - Corentin Le Guillou
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France
| | - Damien Jacob
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francisco de la Peña
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Laforet
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maya Marinova
- Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul FR 2638, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université Artois, Lille, France
| | - Falko Langenhorst
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Harries
- European Space Resources Innovation Centre, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Thi H. V. Phan
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolando Rebois
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jennifer Gray
- Materials Characterization Lab, The Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute, University Park, USA
| | - Thomas Zega
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Pierre-M. Zanetta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Michelle S. Thompson
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Rhonda Stroud
- Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Kate Burgess
- Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA
| | - Brittany A. Cymes
- NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA
| | - John C. Bridges
- Space Park Leichester, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Leon Hicks
- Space Park Leichester, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- School of Geology, Geography and the Environment, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin R. Lee
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Department of Materials, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Phil A. Bland
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | | | - David R. Frank
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | | | - Akira Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masahiro Yasutake
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsuno
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shota Okumura
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Mitsukawa
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uesugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, Japan
| | - Mingqi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Satomi Enju
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Earth Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Aki Takigawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Naru Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Rie Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hosoda
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masateru Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ishihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuya Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akira Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Noda
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | | | - Go Ono
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kei Shirai
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuto Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Eri Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Ryudo Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kent Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ryohta Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shizuho Furuya
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Miwa Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Harold C. Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Dante S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nagashima
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Noriyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Creative Research Institution Sousei, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei-ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan
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7
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Hopp T, Dauphas N, Abe Y, Aléon J, O'D Alexander CM, Amari S, Amelin Y, Bajo KI, Bizzarro M, Bouvier A, Carlson RW, Chaussidon M, Choi BG, Davis AM, Di Rocco T, Fujiya W, Fukai R, Gautam I, Haba MK, Hibiya Y, Hidaka H, Homma H, Hoppe P, Huss GR, Ichida K, Iizuka T, Ireland TR, Ishikawa A, Ito M, Itoh S, Kawasaki N, Kita NT, Kitajima K, Kleine T, Komatani S, Krot AN, Liu MC, Masuda Y, McKeegan KD, Morita M, Motomura K, Moynier F, Nakai I, Nagashima K, Nesvorný D, Nguyen A, Nittler L, Onose M, Pack A, Park C, Piani L, Qin L, Russell SS, Sakamoto N, Schönbächler M, Tafla L, Tang H, Terada K, Terada Y, Usui T, Wada S, Wadhwa M, Walker RJ, Yamashita K, Yin QZ, Yokoyama T, Yoneda S, Young ED, Yui H, Zhang AC, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Sakamoto K, Yabuta H, Abe M, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Okada T, Yada T, Yogata K, Nakazawa S, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Tsuda Y, Watanabe SI, Yoshikawa M, Tachibana S, Yurimoto H. Ryugu's nucleosynthetic heritage from the outskirts of the Solar System. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8141. [PMID: 36264823 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the origin of the spectral diversity of asteroids and what it says about conditions in the protoplanetary disk. Here, we show that samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu have Fe isotopic anomalies indistinguishable from Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, which are distinct from all other carbonaceous chondrites. Iron isotopes, therefore, demonstrate that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a reservoir that was different from the source regions of other carbonaceous asteroids. Growth and migration of the giant planets destabilized nearby planetesimals and ejected some inward to be implanted into the Main Belt. In this framework, most carbonaceous chondrites may have originated from regions around the birthplaces of Jupiter and Saturn, while the distinct isotopic composition of CI chondrites and Ryugu may reflect their formation further away in the disk, owing their presence in the inner Solar System to excitation by Uranus and Neptune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hopp
- Origins Laboratory, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicolas Dauphas
- Origins Laboratory, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Jérôme Aléon
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Conel M O'D Alexander
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Sachiko Amari
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuri Amelin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Bajo
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Martin Bizzarro
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark
| | - Audrey Bouvier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Richard W Carlson
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Marc Chaussidon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Byeon-Gak Choi
- Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew M Davis
- Origins Laboratory, Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tommaso Di Rocco
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Wataru Fujiya
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ikshu Gautam
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makiko K Haba
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Hibiya
- Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Homma
- Osaka Application Laboratory, SBUWDX, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan
| | - Peter Hoppe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Gary R Huss
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Ichida
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iizuka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Trevor R Ireland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Shoichi Itoh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko T Kita
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kouki Kitajima
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thorsten Kleine
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shintaro Komatani
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Alexander N Krot
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Liu
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kevin D McKeegan
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayu Morita
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | | | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Izumi Nakai
- Thermal Analysis, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nagashima
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David Nesvorný
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Ann Nguyen
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Larry Nittler
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Morihiko Onose
- Analytical Technology Division, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Andreas Pack
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Changkun Park
- Division of Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Laurette Piani
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - Liping Qin
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sara S Russell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Maria Schönbächler
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Tafla
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haolan Tang
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kentaro Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuko Terada
- Spectroscopy and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sohei Wada
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Meenakshi Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Richard J Walker
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Qing-Zhu Yin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yoneda
- Department Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hiroharu Yui
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ai-Cheng Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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8
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Zhang Y, Michel P, Barnouin OS, Roberts JH, Daly MG, Ballouz RL, Walsh KJ, Richardson DC, Hartzell CM, Lauretta DS. Inferring interiors and structural history of top-shaped asteroids from external properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4589. [PMID: 35933392 PMCID: PMC9357032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroid interiors play a key role in our understanding of asteroid formation and evolution. As no direct interior probing has been done yet, characterisation of asteroids’ interiors relies on interpretations of external properties. Here we show, by numerical simulations, that the top-shaped rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu’s geophysical response to spinup is highly sensitive to its material strength. This allows us to infer Bennu’s interior properties and provide general implications for top-shaped rubble piles’ structural evolution. We find that low-cohesion (≲0.78 Pa at surface and ≲1.3 Pa inside) and low-friction (friction angle ≲ 35∘) structures with several high-cohesion internal zones can consistently account for all the known geophysical characteristics of Bennu and explain the absence of moons. Furthermore, we reveal the underlying mechanisms that lead to different failure behaviours and identify the reconfiguration pathways of top-shaped asteroids as functions of their structural properties that either facilitate or prevent the formation of moons. Asteroid interiors are key to understand their formation and evolution. Here, the authors show that numerically simulated low-cohesion and low-friction structures with several high-cohesion internal zones can explain asteroid Bennu’s geophysical characteristics and the absence of the moons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France. .,Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Patrick Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - Olivier S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - James H Roberts
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald-L Ballouz
- The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.,Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Christine M Hartzell
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dante S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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9
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Lauretta DS, Adam CD, Allen AJ, Ballouz RL, Barnouin OS, Becker KJ, Becker T, Bennett CA, Bierhaus EB, Bos BJ, Burns RD, Campins H, Cho Y, Christensen PR, Church ECA, Clark BE, Connolly HC, Daly MG, DellaGiustina DN, Drouet d’Aubigny CY, Emery JP, Enos HL, Freund Kasper S, Garvin JB, Getzandanner K, Golish DR, Hamilton VE, Hergenrother CW, Kaplan HH, Keller LP, Lessac-Chenen EJ, Liounis AJ, Ma H, McCarthy LK, Miller BD, Moreau MC, Morota T, Nelson DS, Nolau JO, Olds R, Pajola M, Pelgrift JY, Polit AT, Ravine MA, Reuter DC, Rizk B, Rozitis B, Ryan AJ, Sahr EM, Sakatani N, Seabrook JA, Selznick SH, Skeen MA, Simon AA, Sugita S, Walsh KJ, Westermann MM, Wolner CWV, Yumoto K. Spacecraft sample collection and subsurface excavation of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Science 2022; 377:285-291. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous asteroids, such as (101955) Bennu, preserve material from the early Solar System, including volatile compounds and organic molecules. We report spacecraft imaging and spectral data collected during and after retrieval of a sample from Bennu’s surface. The sampling event mobilized rocks and dust into a debris plume, excavating a 9-m-long elliptical crater. This exposed material that is darker, spectrally redder, and more abundant in fine particulates than the original surface. The bulk density of the displaced subsurface material was 500–700 kg per cubic meter, about half that of the whole asteroid. Particulates that landed on instrument optics spectrally resemble aqueously altered carbonaceous meteorites. The spacecraft stored 250 ± 101 g of material, which will be delivered to Earth in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - A. J. Allen
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R.-L. Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - O. S. Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - K. J. Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T. Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C. A. Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - B. J. Bos
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R. D. Burns
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - H. Campins
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Y. Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - B. E. Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - H. C. Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - M. G. Daly
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - J. P. Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - H. L. Enos
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - D. R. Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Ma
- Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - T. Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - J. O. Nolau
- Physics Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R. Olds
- Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA
| | - M. Pajola
- INAF (Italian National Institute for Astrophysics) – Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - A. T. Polit
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - B. Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B. Rozitis
- School of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - A. J. Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - N. Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. A. Seabrook
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. H. Selznick
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - A. A. Simon
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S. Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. J. Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M. M. Westermann
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C. W. V. Wolner
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K. Yumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Banik D, Gaurav K, Sharma I. Regolith flow on top-shaped asteroids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a continuum framework of regolith flow on asteroids. We focus on top-shaped asteroids that may be taken as consisting of regolith lying on a solid core. Depth-averaging is employed to model the regolith flow, and effects due to the asteroid’s rotation and its complex gravity field are retained. Angular momentum conservation is invoked to couple regolith flow to the asteroid’s changing shape and spin. This framework is first used to explore the equilibrium of regolith as a function of its friction, and the asteroid’s shape and spin rate. Next, we study regolith flow on top-shaped spinning asteroids and find conditions for the regolith’s shedding or deposition. We also discuss how the regolith’s flow and the asteroid’s spin influence each other. Finally, as an application, we propose and investigate the following evolution history of Bennu: a fast spinning Bennu was slowed down by multiple, impact-induced global landslides to its present spin state. Regolith was shed if the spin was higher than a critical rate. Once the spin rate fell below this critical value, regolith flow from higher latitudes began depositing regolith at its equator, giving Bennu its distinctive shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepayan Banik
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Ishan Sharma
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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11
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Golish DR, Simon AA, Reuter DC, Ferrone S, Clark BE, Li JY, DellaGiustina DN, Drouet d’Aubigny C, Rizk B, Lauretta DS. Cross-Instrument Comparison of MapCam and OVIRS on OSIRIS-REx. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2022; 218:5. [PMID: 35250103 PMCID: PMC8885487 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the instruments onboard the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, the MapCam color imager and the OVIRS visible and infrared spectrometer, observed the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu in partially overlapping wavelengths. Significant scientific advances have been enabled by using data from these two instruments in tandem, but a robust statistical understanding of their relationship is needed for future analyses to cross-compare their data as accurately and sensitively as possible. Here we present a cross-instrument comparison of data acquired by MapCam and OVIRS, including methods and results for all global and site-specific observation campaigns in which both instruments were active. In our analysis, we consider both the absolute radiometric offset and the relative (normalized) variation between the two instruments; we find that both depend strongly on the photometric and instrumental conditions during the observation. The two instruments have a large absolute offset (>15%) due to their independent radiometric calibrations. However, they are very consistent (relative offset as low as 1%) when each instrument's response is normalized at a single wavelength, particularly at low phase angles where shadows on Bennu's rough surface are minimized. We recommend using the global datasets acquired at 12:30 pm local solar time for cross-comparisons; data acquired at higher phase angles have larger uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - A. A. Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - D. C. Reuter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - S. Ferrone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - B. E. Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - J.-Y. Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | | | - B. Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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12
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Grava C, Killen RM, Benna M, Berezhnoy AA, Halekas JS, Leblanc F, Nishino MN, Plainaki C, Raines JM, Sarantos M, Teolis BD, Tucker OJ, Vervack RJ, Vorburger A. Volatiles and Refractories in Surface-Bounded Exospheres in the Inner Solar System. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:61. [PMID: 34720217 PMCID: PMC8550778 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatiles and refractories represent the two end-members in the volatility range of species in any surface-bounded exosphere. Volatiles include elements that do not interact strongly with the surface, such as neon (detected on the Moon) and helium (detected both on the Moon and at Mercury), but also argon, a noble gas (detected on the Moon) that surprisingly adsorbs at the cold lunar nighttime surface. Refractories include species such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum, all of which have very strong bonds with the lunar surface and thus need energetic processes to be ejected into the exosphere. Here we focus on the properties of species that have been detected in the exospheres of inner Solar System bodies, specifically the Moon and Mercury, and how they provide important information to understand source and loss processes of these exospheres, as well as their dependence on variations in external drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Grava
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX USA
| | | | - Mehdi Benna
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alexey A Berezhnoy
- Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jasper S Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | | | - Masaki N Nishino
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Jim M Raines
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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13
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Velbel MA, Zolensky ME. Thermal metamorphism of CM chondrites: A dehydroxylation-based peak-temperature thermometer and implications for sample return from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE 2021; 56:546-585. [PMID: 34262245 PMCID: PMC8252763 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The target bodies of C-complex asteroid sample return missions are carbonaceous chondrite-like near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), chosen for the abundance and scientific importance of their organic compounds and "hydrous" (including hydroxylated) minerals, such as serpentine-group phyllosilicates. Science objectives include returning samples of pristine carbonaceous regolith from asteroids for study of the nature, history, and distribution of its constituent minerals, organic material, and other volatiles. Heating after the natural aqueous alteration that formed the abundant phyllosilicates in CM and similar carbonaceous chondrites dehydroxylated them and altered or decomposed other volumetrically minor constituents (e.g., carbonates, sulfides, organic molecules; Tonui et al. 2003, 2014). We propose a peak-temperature thermometer based on dehydroxylation as measured by analytical totals from electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of matrices in a number of heated and aqueously altered (but not further heated) CM chondrites. Some CM lithologies in Maribo and Sutter's Mill do not exhibit the matrix dehydroxylation expected for surface temperatures expected from insolation of meteoroids with their known orbital perihelia. This suggests that insolated-heated meteoroid surfaces were lost by ablation during passage through Earth's atmosphere, and that insolation-heated material is more likely to be encountered among returned asteroid regolith samples than in meteorites. More generally, several published lines of evidence suggest that episodic heating of some CM material, most likely by impacts, continued intermittently and locally up to billions of years after assembly and early heating of ancestral CM chondrite bodies. Mission spectroscopic measures of hydration can be used to estimate the extent of dehydroxylation, and the new dehydroxylation thermometer can be used directly to select fragments of returned samples most likely to contain less thermally altered inventories of primitive organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Velbel
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesMichigan State University288 Farm Lane, Room 207, Natural Sciences BuildingEast LansingMichigan48824–1115USA
- Division of MeteoritesDepartment of Mineral SciencesNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20013–7012USA
| | - Michael E. Zolensky
- X12 Astromaterials Research and Exploration ScienceNASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTexas77058USA
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14
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Simon AA, Kaplan HH, Hamilton VE, Lauretta DS, Campins H, Emery JP, Barucci MA, DellaGiustina DN, Reuter DC, Sandford SA, Golish DR, Lim LF, Ryan A, Rozitis B, Bennett CA. Widespread carbon-bearing materials on near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. Science 2020; 370:science.abc3522. [PMID: 33033153 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asteroid (101955) Bennu is a dark asteroid on an Earth-crossing orbit that is thought to have assembled from the fragments of an ancient collision. We use spatially resolved visible and near-infrared spectra of Bennu to investigate its surface properties and composition. In addition to a hydrated phyllosilicate band, we detect a ubiquitous 3.4-micrometer absorption feature, which we attribute to a mix of organic and carbonate materials. The shape and depth of this absorption feature vary across Bennu's surface, spanning the range seen among similar main-belt asteroids. The distribution of the absorption feature does not correlate with temperature, reflectance, spectral slope, or hydrated minerals, although some of those characteristics correlate with each other. The deepest 3.4-micrometer absorptions occur on individual boulders. The variations may be due to differences in abundance, recent exposure, or space weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Simon
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| | | | | | - Dante S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Humberto Campins
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joshua P Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - M Antonietta Barucci
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Meudon, France
| | | | - Dennis C Reuter
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Dathon R Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lucy F Lim
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin Rozitis
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Carina A Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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15
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Kaplan HH, Lauretta DS, Simon AA, Hamilton VE, DellaGiustina DN, Golish DR, Reuter DC, Bennett CA, Burke KN, Campins H, Connolly HC, Dworkin JP, Emery JP, Glavin DP, Glotch TD, Hanna R, Ishimaru K, Jawin ER, McCoy TJ, Porter N, Sandford SA, Ferrone S, Clark BE, Li JY, Zou XD, Daly MG, Barnouin OS, Seabrook JA, Enos HL. Bright carbonate veins on asteroid (101955) Bennu: Implications for aqueous alteration history. Science 2020; 370:science.abc3557. [PMID: 33033155 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The composition of asteroids and their connection to meteorites provide insight into geologic processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We present spectra of the Nightingale crater region on near-Earth asteroid Bennu with a distinct infrared absorption around 3.4 micrometers. Corresponding images of boulders show centimeters-thick, roughly meter-long bright veins. We interpret the veins as being composed of carbonates, similar to those found in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. If the veins on Bennu are carbonates, fluid flow and hydrothermal deposition on Bennu's parent body would have occurred on kilometer scales for thousands to millions of years. This suggests large-scale, open-system hydrothermal alteration of carbonaceous asteroids in the early Solar System.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kaplan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. .,Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A A Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D R Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D C Reuter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C A Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K N Burke
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H Campins
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.,Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J P Dworkin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J P Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - D P Glavin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T D Glotch
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - R Hanna
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K Ishimaru
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T J McCoy
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Porter
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S A Sandford
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Ferrone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B E Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - X-D Zou
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M G Daly
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O S Barnouin
- John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J A Seabrook
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H L Enos
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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DellaGiustina DN, Burke KN, Walsh KJ, Smith PH, Golish DR, Bierhaus EB, Ballouz RL, Becker TL, Campins H, Tatsumi E, Yumoto K, Sugita S, Deshapriya JDP, Cloutis EA, Clark BE, Hendrix AR, Sen A, Al Asad MM, Daly MG, Applin DM, Avdellidou C, Barucci MA, Becker KJ, Bennett CA, Bottke WF, Brodbeck JI, Connolly HC, Delbo M, de Leon J, Drouet d'Aubigny CY, Edmundson KL, Fornasier S, Hamilton VE, Hasselmann PH, Hergenrother CW, Howell ES, Jawin ER, Kaplan HH, Le Corre L, Lim LF, Li JY, Michel P, Molaro JL, Nolan MC, Nolau J, Pajola M, Parkinson A, Popescu M, Porter NA, Rizk B, Rizos JL, Ryan AJ, Rozitis B, Shultz NK, Simon AA, Trang D, Van Auken RB, Wolner CWV, Lauretta DS. Variations in color and reflectance on the surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu. Science 2020; 370:science.abc3660. [PMID: 33033157 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Visible-wavelength color and reflectance provide information about the geologic history of planetary surfaces. Here we present multispectral images (0.44 to 0.89 micrometers) of near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. The surface has variable colors overlain on a moderately blue global terrain. Two primary boulder types are distinguishable by their reflectance and texture. Space weathering of Bennu surface materials does not simply progress from red to blue (or vice versa). Instead, freshly exposed, redder surfaces initially brighten in the near-ultraviolet region (i.e., become bluer at shorter wavelengths), then brighten in the visible to near-infrared region, leading to Bennu's moderately blue average color. Craters indicate that the time scale of these color changes is ~105 years. We attribute the reflectance and color variation to a combination of primordial heterogeneity and varying exposure ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K N Burke
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K J Walsh
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P H Smith
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D R Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T L Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H Campins
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - E Tatsumi
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - J D Prasanna Deshapriya
- LESIA (Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - E A Cloutis
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - B E Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A R Hendrix
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A Sen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M M Al Asad
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D M Applin
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - C Avdellidou
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - M A Barucci
- LESIA (Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - K J Becker
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C A Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - W F Bottke
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J I Brodbeck
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - M Delbo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - J de Leon
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - K L Edmundson
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Fornasier
- LESIA (Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 92195 Meudon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | | | - P H Hasselmann
- LESIA (Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - C W Hergenrother
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E S Howell
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - H H Kaplan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L Le Corre
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L F Lim
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Y Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - J L Molaro
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M C Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Nolau
- Lockheed Martin Space, Littleton, CO, USA
| | - M Pajola
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Parkinson
- Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - M Popescu
- Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N A Porter
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J L Rizos
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A J Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Rozitis
- The School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - N K Shultz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A A Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D Trang
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - R B Van Auken
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C W V Wolner
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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17
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Scheeres DJ, French AS, Tricarico P, Chesley SR, Takahashi Y, Farnocchia D, McMahon JW, Brack DN, Davis AB, Ballouz RL, Jawin ER, Rozitis B, Emery JP, Ryan AJ, Park RS, Rush BP, Mastrodemos N, Kennedy BM, Bellerose J, Lubey DP, Velez D, Vaughan AT, Leonard JM, Geeraert J, Page B, Antreasian P, Mazarico E, Getzandanner K, Rowlands D, Moreau MC, Small J, Highsmith DE, Goossens S, Palmer EE, Weirich JR, Gaskell RW, Barnouin OS, Daly MG, Seabrook JA, Al Asad MM, Philpott LC, Johnson CL, Hartzell CM, Hamilton VE, Michel P, Walsh KJ, Nolan MC, Lauretta DS. Heterogeneous mass distribution of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc3350. [PMID: 33033036 PMCID: PMC7544499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The gravity field of a small body provides insight into its internal mass distribution. We used two approaches to measure the gravity field of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu: (i) tracking and modeling the spacecraft in orbit about the asteroid and (ii) tracking and modeling pebble-sized particles naturally ejected from Bennu's surface into sustained orbits. These approaches yield statistically consistent results up to degree and order 3, with the particle-based field being statistically significant up to degree and order 9. Comparisons with a constant-density shape model show that Bennu has a heterogeneous mass distribution. These deviations can be modeled with lower densities at Bennu's equatorial bulge and center. The lower-density equator is consistent with recent migration and redistribution of material. The lower-density center is consistent with a past period of rapid rotation, either from a previous Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack cycle or arising during Bennu's accretion following the disruption of its parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Scheeres
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - A S French
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Tricarico
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S R Chesley
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Y Takahashi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D Farnocchia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J W McMahon
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D N Brack
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A B Davis
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R-L Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B Rozitis
- Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - J P Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - A J Ryan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R S Park
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - B P Rush
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - N Mastrodemos
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - B M Kennedy
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J Bellerose
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D P Lubey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D Velez
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A T Vaughan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - J Geeraert
- KinetX Aerospace Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - B Page
- KinetX Aerospace Inc., Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mazarico
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - D Rowlands
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M C Moreau
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Small
- Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA, USA
| | | | - S Goossens
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E E Palmer
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J R Weirich
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R W Gaskell
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - O S Barnouin
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M G Daly
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J A Seabrook
- The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M M Al Asad
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L C Philpott
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C L Johnson
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C M Hartzell
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - V E Hamilton
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - K J Walsh
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M C Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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18
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Hergenrother CW, Adam CD, Chesley SR, Lauretta DS. Introduction to the Special Issue: Exploration of the Activity of Asteroid (101955) Bennu. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2020JE006549. [PMID: 33042723 PMCID: PMC7540007 DOI: 10.1029/2020je006549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu is an active asteroid experiencing mass loss. The activity manifests itself in the form of ejection events emitting up to hundreds of millimeter- to centimeter-scale particles. The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer spacecraft monitored particle activity for a 10-month period that included Bennu's perihelion and aphelion. Novel and classical methods were utilized to detect the particles and characterize their orbital and physical properties. Roughly 30% of the observed particle mass escaped to heliocentric orbit. A majority of particles fell back onto the surface of Bennu after ejection, with the longest-lived particle surviving for 6 days on a temporary orbit. Particle ejection events appear to preferentially take place in the afternoon and evening and from low latitudes, although they can occur at any time or latitude. The reaccumulation of material is biased toward low latitudes resulting in the possible in-fill of craters and growth of Bennu's equatorial bulge. Of the potential mechanisms behind this activity that were investigated in focused studies, meteoroid impacts, thermal fracturing, and ricochet-but not water ice sublimation-were found to be consistent with observations. While phyllosilicate dehydration was not investigated with a focused study, it remains a possible mechanism. These mechanisms are not unique to Bennu, suggesting that many near-Earth asteroids may exhibit activity that has gone undetected thus far. Spacecraft missions with wide-field imagers are encouraged to further characterize this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. R. Chesley
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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19
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Leonard JM, Adam CD, Pelgrift JY, Lessac‐Chenen EJ, Nelson DS, Antreasian PG, Liounis AJ, Moreau MC, Hergenrother CW, Chesley SR, Nolan MC, Lauretta DS. Initial Orbit Determination and Event Reconstruction From Estimation of Particle Trajectories About (101955) Bennu. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 7:e2019EA000937. [PMID: 33043099 PMCID: PMC7540059 DOI: 10.1029/2019ea000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The OSIRIS-REx mission has observed multiple instances of particles being ejected from the surface of near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. The ability to quickly identify the particle trajectories and origins is necessary following a particle ejection event. Using proven initial orbit determination techniques, we can rapidly estimate particle trajectories and ejection locations. We present current results pertaining to the identification of particle tracks, an evaluation of the estimated orbits and the excess velocity necessary to induce the particle ejection from the surface, and the uncertainty quantification of the ejection location. We estimate energies per particle ranging from 0.03 to 11.03 mJ for the largest analyzed events and velocities ranging from 5 to 90 cm/s, though we exclude the highest-velocity particles in this technique. We estimate ejection times for eight events and constrain six of the analyzed ejection events to have occurred between about 16:30 and 19:00 local solar time, with the largest events occurring between 16:30 and 18:05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. R. Chesley
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - M. C. Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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20
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Bottke WF, Moorhead AV, Connolly HC, Hergenrother CW, Molaro JL, Michel P, Nolan MC, Schwartz SR, Vokrouhlický D, Walsh KJ, Lauretta DS. Meteoroid Impacts as a Source of Bennu's Particle Ejection Events. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2019JE006282. [PMID: 32999798 PMCID: PMC7507787 DOI: 10.1029/2019je006282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Asteroid (101955) Bennu, a near-Earth object with a primitive carbonaceous chondrite-like composition, was observed by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft to undergo multiple particle ejection events near perihelion between December 2018 and February 2019. The three largest events observed during this period, which all occurred 3.5 to 6 hr after local noon, placed numerous particles <10 cm on temporary orbits around Bennu. Here we examine whether these events could have been produced by sporadic meteoroid impacts using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Meteoroid Engineering Model 3.0. Most projectiles that impact Bennu come from nearly isotropic or Jupiter-family comets and have evolved toward the Sun by Poynting-Robertson drag. We find that 7,000-J impacts on Bennu occur with a biweekly cadence near perihelion, with a preference to strike in the late afternoon (~6 pm local time). This timing matches observations. Crater scaling laws also indicate that these impact energies can reproduce the sizes and masses of the largest observed particles, provided the surface has the cohesive properties of weak, porous materials. Bennu's ejection events could be caused by the same kinds of meteoroid impacts that created the Moon's asymmetric debris cloud observed by the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE). Our findings also suggest that fewer ejection events should take place as Bennu moves further away from the Sun, a result that can be tested with future observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. V. Moorhead
- NASA Meteoroid Environment Office, Marshall Space Flight Center EV44HuntsvilleALUSA
| | - H. C. Connolly
- Department of GeologyRowan UniversityGlassboroNJUSA
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | | | - P. Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire LagrangeNiceFrance
| | - M. C. Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - S. R. Schwartz
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - D. Vokrouhlický
- Institute of AstronomyCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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21
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Molaro JL, Hergenrother CW, Chesley SR, Walsh KJ, Hanna RD, Haberle CW, Schwartz SR, Ballouz R, Bottke WF, Campins HJ, Lauretta DS. Thermal Fatigue as a Driving Mechanism for Activity on Asteroid Bennu. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2019JE006325. [PMID: 32999800 PMCID: PMC7507781 DOI: 10.1029/2019je006325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many boulders on (101955) Bennu, a near-Earth rubble pile asteroid, show signs of in situ disaggregation and exfoliation, indicating that thermal fatigue plays an important role in its landscape evolution. Observations of particle ejections from its surface also show it to be an active asteroid, though the driving mechanism of these events is yet to be determined. Exfoliation has been shown to mobilize disaggregated particles in terrestrial environments, suggesting that it may be capable of ejecting material from Bennu's surface. We investigate the nature of thermal fatigue on the asteroid, and the efficacy of fatigue-driven exfoliation as a mechanism for generating asteroid activity, by performing finite element modeling of stress fields induced in boulders from diurnal cycling. We develop a model to predict the spacing of exfoliation fractures and the number and speed of particles that may be ejected during exfoliation events. We find that crack spacing ranges from ~1 mm to 10 cm and disaggregated particles have ejection speeds up to ~2 m/s. Exfoliation events are most likely to occur in the late afternoon. These predictions are consistent with observed ejection events at Bennu and indicate that thermal fatigue is a viable mechanism for driving asteroid activity. Crack propagation rates and ejection speeds are greatest at perihelion when the diurnal temperature variation is largest, suggesting that events should be more energetic and more frequent when closer to the Sun. Annual thermal stresses that arise in large boulders may influence the spacing of exfoliation cracks or frequency of ejection events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. R. Chesley
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - R. D. Hanna
- Jackson School of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - C. W. Haberle
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - S. R. Schwartz
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - R.‐L. Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - H. J. Campins
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA
| | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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Pelgrift JY, Lessac‐Chenen EJ, Adam CD, Leonard JM, Nelson DS, McCarthy L, Sahr EM, Liounis A, Moreau M, Bos BJ, Hergenrother CW, Lauretta DS. Reconstruction of Bennu Particle Events From Sparse Data. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 7:e2019EA000938. [PMID: 32999897 PMCID: PMC7507751 DOI: 10.1029/2019ea000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OSIRIS-REx began observing particle ejection events shortly after entering orbit around near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in January 2019. For some of these events, the only observations of the ejected particles come from the first two images taken immediately after the event by OSIRIS-REx's NavCam 1 imager. Without three or more observations of each particle, traditional orbit determination is not possible. However, by assuming that the particles all ejected at the same time and location for a given event, and approximating that their velocities remained constant after ejection (a reasonable approximation for fast-moving particles, i.e., with velocities on the order of 10 cm/s or greater, given Bennu's weak gravity), we show that it is possible to estimate the particles' states from only two observations each. We applied this newly developed technique to reconstruct the particle ejection events observed by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft during orbit about Bennu. Particles were estimated to have ejected with inertial velocities ranging from 7 cm/s to 3.3 m/s, leading to a variety of trajectory types. Most (>80%) of the analyzed events were estimated to have originated from midlatitude regions and to have occurred after noon (local solar time), between 12:44 and 18:52. Comparison with higher-fidelity orbit determination solutions for the events with sufficient observations demonstrates the validity of our approach and also sheds light on its biases. Our technique offers the capacity to meaningfully constrain the properties of particle ejection events from limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y. Pelgrift
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
| | | | - Coralie D. Adam
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
| | - Jason M. Leonard
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
| | - Derek S. Nelson
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
| | - Leilah McCarthy
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
| | - Eric M. Sahr
- KinetX, Inc., Space Navigation and Flight Dynamics PracticeSimi ValleyCAUSA
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23
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Near-infrared observations of active asteroid (3200) Phaethon reveal no evidence for hydration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2050. [PMID: 32345969 PMCID: PMC7188859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroid (3200) Phaethon is an active near-Earth asteroid and the parent body of the Geminid Meteor Shower. Because of its small perihelion distance, Phaethon’s surface reaches temperatures sufficient to destabilize hydrated materials. We conducted rotationally resolved spectroscopic observations of this asteroid, mostly covering the northern hemisphere and the equatorial region, beyond 2.5-µm to search for evidence of hydration on its surface. Here we show that the observed part of Phaethon does not exhibit the 3-µm hydrated mineral absorption (within 2σ). These observations suggest that Phaethon’s modern activity is not due to volatile sublimation or devolatilization of phyllosilicates on its surface. It is possible that the observed part of Phaethon was originally hydrated and has since lost volatiles from its surface via dehydration, supporting its connection to the Pallas family, or it was formed from anhydrous material. The surface of active asteroid (3200) Phaethon, parent body of the Geminid meteor shower, reaches temperatures sufficient to destabilize hydrated materials. Here, the authors show that the northern hemisphere and the equatorial region of this asteroid reveal no evidence of hydration in the near-infrared spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Asphaug
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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25
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Scheeres DJ, McMahon JW, Brack DN, French AS, Chesley SR, Farnocchia D, Vokrouhlický D, Ballouz R, Emery JP, Rozitis B, Nolan MC, Hergenrother CW, Lauretta DS. Particle Ejection Contributions to the Rotational Acceleration and Orbit Evolution of Asteroid (101955) Bennu. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2019JE006284. [PMID: 32714726 PMCID: PMC7375169 DOI: 10.1029/2019je006284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the implications of the observed Bennu particle ejection events for that asteroid's spin rate and orbit evolution, which could complicate interpretation of the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) and Yarkovsky effects on this body's spin rate and orbital evolution. Based on current estimates of particle ejection rates, we find that the overall contribution to Bennu's spin and orbital drift is small or negligible as compared to the Yarkovsky and YORP effects. However, if there is a large unseen component of smaller mass ejections or a strong directionality in the ejection events, it could constitute a significant contribution that could mask the overall YORP effect. This means that the YORP effect may be stronger than currently assumed. The analysis is generalized so that the particle ejection effect can be assessed for other bodies that may be subject to similar mass loss events. Further, our model can be modified to address different potential mechanisms of particle ejection, which are a topic of ongoing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Scheeres
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - J. W. McMahon
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - D. N. Brack
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - A. S. French
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - S. R. Chesley
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. Farnocchia
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. Vokrouhlický
- Institute of AstronomyCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - R.‐L. Ballouz
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - J. P. Emery
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - B. Rozitis
- Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - M. C. Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - D. S. Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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26
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Witze A. NASA asteroid hunter chooses landing site on boulder-strewn space rock. Nature 2019:10.1038/d41586-019-03795-8. [PMID: 33303981 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-03795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Agarwal J. Close-up view of an active asteroid. Science 2019; 366:1192-1193. [PMID: 31806797 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Agarwal
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany.
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