1
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Wang B, Aidelsburger M, Dalibard J, Eckardt A, Goldman N. Cold-Atom Elevator: From Edge-State Injection to the Preparation of Fractional Chern Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163402. [PMID: 38701474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Optical box traps offer new possibilities for quantum-gas experiments. Building on their exquisite spatial and temporal control, we propose to engineer system-reservoir configurations using box traps, in view of preparing and manipulating topological atomic states in optical lattices. First, we consider the injection of particles from the reservoir to the system: this scenario is shown to be particularly well suited to activating energy-selective chiral edge currents, but also to prepare fractional Chern insulating ground states. Then, we devise a practical evaporative-cooling scheme to effectively cool down atomic gases into topological ground states. Our open-system approach to optical-lattice settings provides a new path for the investigation of ultracold quantum matter, including strongly correlated and topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- CENOLI, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monika Aidelsburger
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jean Dalibard
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André Eckardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan Goldman
- CENOLI, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Wang ZW, Li ZA, Bai XH, Gong T, Ji ZH, Zhao YT, Wang GR. Analyzing the photoassociation spectrum of ultracold 85Rb 133Cs molecule in (3)3Σ+ state. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114313. [PMID: 38501473 DOI: 10.1063/5.0182907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We establish a theoretical model to analyze the photoassociative spectroscopy of 85Rb 133Cs molecules in the (3)3Σ+ state. The vibrational energy, spin-spin coupling constant, and hyperfine interaction constant of the (3)3Σ+ state are determined based on nine observed vibrational levels. Consequently, the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential energy curve of the (3)3Σ+ state is obtained and compared with the ab initial potential energy curve. Our model can be adopted to analyze the photoassociative spectroscopy of other heteronuclear alkali-metal diatomic molecules in the (3)3Σ+ state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zi-Ang Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xu-Hui Bai
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yan-Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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3
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Sun Y, Hu M, Deng Y, Lv JP. Extraordinary-log Universality of Critical Phenomena in Plane Defects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:207101. [PMID: 38039462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the extraordinary-log (E-Log) criticality is a celebrated achievement in modern critical theory and calls for generalization. Using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we study the critical phenomena of plane defects in three- and four-dimensional O(n) critical systems. In three dimensions, we provide the first numerical proof for the E-Log criticality of plane defects. In particular, for n=2, the critical exponent q[over ^] of two-point correlation and the renormalization-group parameter α of helicity modulus conform to the scaling relation q[over ^]=(n-1)/(2πα), whereas the results for n≥3 violate this scaling relation. In four dimensions, it is strikingly found that the E-Log criticality also emerges in the plane defect. These findings have numerous potential realizations and would boost the ongoing advancement of conformal field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Youjin Deng
- National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lv
- Department of Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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4
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Evered SJ, Bluvstein D, Kalinowski M, Ebadi S, Manovitz T, Zhou H, Li SH, Geim AA, Wang TT, Maskara N, Levine H, Semeghini G, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer. Nature 2023; 622:268-272. [PMID: 37821591 PMCID: PMC10567572 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform entangling quantum operations with low error rates in a scalable fashion is a central element of useful quantum information processing1. Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising quantum computing platform, featuring coherent control over hundreds of qubits2,3 and any-to-any gate connectivity in a flexible, dynamically reconfigurable architecture4. The main outstanding challenge has been to reduce errors in entangling operations mediated through Rydberg interactions5. Here we report the realization of two-qubit entangling gates with 99.5% fidelity on up to 60 atoms in parallel, surpassing the surface-code threshold for error correction6,7. Our method uses fast, single-pulse gates based on optimal control8, atomic dark states to reduce scattering9 and improvements to Rydberg excitation and atom cooling. We benchmark fidelity using several methods based on repeated gate applications10,11, characterize the physical error sources and outline future improvements. Finally, we generalize our method to design entangling gates involving a higher number of qubits, which we demonstrate by realizing low-error three-qubit gates12,13. By enabling high-fidelity operation in a scalable, highly connected system, these advances lay the groundwork for large-scale implementation of quantum algorithms14, error-corrected circuits7 and digital simulations15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Evered
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie H Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Zhang WY, He MG, Sun H, Zheng YG, Liu Y, Luo A, Wang HY, Zhu ZH, Qiu PY, Shen YC, Wang XK, Lin W, Yu ST, Li BC, Xiao B, Li MD, Yang YM, Jiang X, Dai HN, Zhou Y, Ma X, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Scalable Multipartite Entanglement Created by Spin Exchange in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073401. [PMID: 37656862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation owing to the excellent coherence properties, the highly parallel operations over spins, and the ultralow entropy achieved in qubit arrays. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale up and detect multipartite entanglement, the basic resource for quantum computation, due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retroreflected bichromatic superlattices. In this Letter, we realize the functional building blocks in quantum-gate-based architecture by developing a cross-angle spin-dependent optical superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderately separated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation and detection. Bell states with a fidelity of 95.6(5)% and a lifetime of 2.20±0.13 s are prepared in parallel, and then connected to multipartite entangled states of one-dimensional ten-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of 2×4 atoms. The multipartite entanglement is further verified with full bipartite nonseparability criteria. This offers a new platform toward scalable quantum computation and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Gen He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hang Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Yue Qiu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying-Chao Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song-Tao Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin-Chen Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng-Da Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Ning Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - You Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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6
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Wang HY, Zhang WY, Yao Z, Liu Y, Zhu ZH, Zheng YG, Wang XK, Zhai H, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:050401. [PMID: 37595229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Gauge theory and thermalization are both topics of essential importance for modern quantum science and technology. The recently realized atomic quantum simulator for lattice gauge theories provides a unique opportunity for studying thermalization in gauge theory, in which theoretical studies have shown that quantum thermalization can signal the quantum phase transition. Nevertheless, the experimental study remains a challenge to accurately determine the critical point and controllably explore the thermalization dynamics due to the lack of techniques for locally manipulating and detecting matter and gauge fields. We report an experimental investigation of the quantum criticality in the lattice gauge theory from both equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermalization perspectives, with the help of the single-site addressing and atom-number-resolved detection capabilities. We accurately determine the quantum critical point and observe that the Néel state thermalizes only in the critical regime. This result manifests the interplay between quantum many-body scars, quantum criticality, and symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hang Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Yang Z, Ru S, Cao L, Zheludev N, Gao W. Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Overlapping Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:050804. [PMID: 36800476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this Letter, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate quantum overlapping tomography [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 100401 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.124.100401], a scheme intent on characterizing critical information of a many-body quantum system in logarithmic time complexity. By comparing the measurement results of full-state tomography and overlapping tomography, we show that overlapping tomography gives accurate information of the system with much fewer state measurements than full-state tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengning Yang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shihao Ru
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lianzhen Cao
- School of Physics and Photoelectric Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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8
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Zhou ZY, Su GX, Halimeh JC, Ott R, Sun H, Hauke P, Yang B, Yuan ZS, Berges J, Pan JW. Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator. Science 2022; 377:311-314. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We perform quantum simulations of the unitary dynamics of a U(1) symmetric gauge field theory and demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior. The highly constrained gauge theory dynamics are encoded in a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard simulator, which couples fermionic matter fields through dynamical gauge fields. We investigated global quantum quenches and the equilibration to a steady state well approximated by a thermal ensemble. Our work may enable the investigation of elusive phenomena, such as Schwinger pair production and string breaking, and paves the way for simulating more complex, higher-dimensional gauge theories on quantum synthetic matter devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Xian Su
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jad C. Halimeh
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Robert Ott
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Philipp Hauke
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Bing Yang
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jürgen Berges
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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9
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Grün DS, Ymai LH, Wittmann W K, Tonel AP, Foerster A, Links J. Integrable Atomtronic Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:020401. [PMID: 35867439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High sensitivity quantum interferometry requires more than just access to entangled states. It is achieved through the deep understanding of quantum correlations in a system. Integrable models offer the framework to develop this understanding. We communicate the design of interferometric protocols for an integrable model that describes the interaction of bosons in a four-site configuration. Analytic formulas for the quantum dynamics of certain observables are computed. These expose the system's functionality as both an interferometric identifier, and producer, of NOON states. Being equivalent to a controlled-phase gate acting on 2 hybrid qudits, this system also highlights an equivalence between Heisenberg-limited interferometry and quantum information. These results are expected to open new avenues for integrability-enhanced atomtronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Grün
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L H Ymai
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Avenida Maria Anunciação Gomes de Godoy, 1650 Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - K Wittmann W
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P Tonel
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Avenida Maria Anunciação Gomes de Godoy, 1650 Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Foerster
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J Links
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Sun K, Hao ZY, Wang Y, Li JK, Xu XY, Xu JS, Han YJ, Li CF, Guo GC. Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:203. [PMID: 35790719 PMCID: PMC9256730 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable to the output of a higher probability of correct logical qubits under the presence of errors. However, strict requirements to encode qubits and operators render the implementation of a full fault-tolerant computation challenging even for the achievable noisy intermediate-scale quantum technology. Especially the threshold for fault-tolerant computation still lacks experimental verification. Here, based on an all-optical setup, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of the threshold for the fault-tolerant protocol. Four physical qubits are represented as the spatial modes of two entangled photons, which are used to encode two logical qubits. The experimental results clearly show that when the error rate is below the threshold, the probability of correct output in the circuit, formed with fault-tolerant gates, is higher than that in the corresponding non-encoded circuit. In contrast, when the error rate is above the threshold, no advantage is observed in the fault-tolerant implementation. The developed high-accuracy optical system may provide a reliable platform to investigate error propagation in more complex circuits with fault-tolerant gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Ze-Yan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jia-Kun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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11
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Abstract
In the paper, we introduce a new model that addresses the generation of quantum droplets (QDs) in the binary Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) mixture with mutually symmetric spinor components loaded in multi-color optical lattices (MOLs) of commensurate wavelengths and tunable intensities. The considered MOL confinement is the combination of the four-color optical lattice with an exponential periodic trap, which includes the complete set of the Fourier harmonics. Employing the one-dimensional (1D) extended Gross–Pitäevskii equation (eGPE), we calculate the exact analytical form of the wavefunction, MF/BMF nonlinearities, and MOL trap parameters. Utilizing the exact solutions, the formation of supersolid-like spatially periodic matter-wave droplet lattices and superlattices is illustrated under the space-periodic nonlinearity management. The precise positioning of the density maxima/minima of the droplet patterns at the center of the trap and tunable Anderson-like localization are observed by tuning the symmetry and amplitude of the considered MOL trap. The stability of the obtained solution is confirmed using the Vakhitov–Kolokolov (VK) criterion.
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12
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Lozano-Méndez K, Cásares AH, Caballero-Benítez SF. Spin Entanglement and Magnetic Competition via Long-Range Interactions in Spinor Quantum Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:080601. [PMID: 35275654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum matter at ultralow temperatures offers a test bed for analyzing and controlling desired properties in strongly correlated systems. Under typical conditions the nature of the atoms fixes the magnetic character of the system. Beyond classical light potentials leading to optical lattices and short-range interactions, high-Q cavities introduce novel dynamics into the system via the quantumness of light. Here we propose a theoretical model and we analyze it using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group simulations. We explore the effects of cavity mediated long-range magnetic interactions and optical lattices in ultracold matter. We find that global interactions modify the underlying magnetic character of the system while introducing competition scenarios. Antiferromagnetic correlated bosonic matter emerges in conditions beyond what nature typically provides. These allow new alternatives toward the design of robust mechanisms for quantum information purposes, exploiting the properties of magnetic phases of strongly correlated quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lozano-Méndez
- Instituto de Física, LSCSC-LANMAC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro H Cásares
- Instituto de Física, LSCSC-LANMAC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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13
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Exact Solutions for Solitary Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate under the Action of a Four-Color Optical Lattice. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We address dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) loaded into a one-dimensional four-color optical lattice (FOL) potential with commensurate wavelengths and tunable intensities. This configuration lends system-specific symmetry properties. The analysis identifies specific multi-parameter forms of the FOL potential which admits exact solitary-wave solutions. This newly found class of potentials includes more particular species, such as frustrated double-well superlattices, and bichromatic and three-color lattices, which are subject to respective symmetry constraints. Our exact solutions provide options for controllable positioning of density maxima of the localized patterns, and tunable Anderson-like localization in the frustrated potential. A numerical analysis is performed to establish dynamical stability and structural stability of the obtained solutions, which makes them relevant for experimental realization. The newly found solutions offer applications to the design of schemes for quantum simulations and processing quantum information.
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14
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Gluza M, Eisert J. Recovering Quantum Correlations in Optical Lattices from Interaction Quenches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:090503. [PMID: 34506183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices open up an exciting path toward understanding strongly interacting quantum systems. Atom gas microscopes are crucial for this as they offer single-site density resolution, unparalleled in other quantum many-body systems. However, currently a direct measurement of local coherent currents is out of reach. In this Letter, we show how to achieve that by measuring densities that are altered in response to quenches to noninteracting dynamics, e.g., after tilting the optical lattice. For this, we establish a data analysis method solving the closed set of equations relating tunneling currents and atom number dynamics, allowing us to reliably recover the full covariance matrix, including off-diagonal terms representing coherent currents. The signal processing builds upon semidefinite optimization, providing bona fide covariance matrices optimally matching the observed data. We demonstrate how the obtained information about noncommuting observables allows one to quantify entanglement at finite temperature, which opens up the possibility to study quantum correlations in quantum simulations going beyond classical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gluza
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Li MD, Zheng YG, Zhang WY, Wang XK, Xiao B, Zhou ZY, Jiang L, Lian MZ, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. A high-power and low-noise 532-nm continuous-wave laser for quantum gas microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083202. [PMID: 34470382 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-noise, high-power 532-nm lasers are of great interest in many scientific research studies, such as gravitational wave detection and ultracold atom experiments. In particular, in the experiments of quantum gas microscopy, a large power of laser is necessary during the imaging process, while low noise is important for preventing the atoms from being heated up. In this work, we report on the generation of such a 532-nm continuous-wave laser by coherently combining two laser beams produced by single-pass second-harmonic generation. The power of the combined laser is up to 17 W. With the help of intensity stabilization, we are able to suppress the relative intensity noise to below -120 dBc/Hz. The generated laser satisfies the experimental requirements for integrating optical superlattices with a quantum gas microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Da Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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He R, Cui JM, Li RR, Qian ZH, Chen Y, Ai MZ, Huang YF, Li CF, Guo GC. An ion trap apparatus with high optical access in multiple directions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:073201. [PMID: 34340438 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical controls provided by lasers are the most important and essential techniques in trapped ion and cold atom systems. It is crucial to increase the optical accessibility of the setup to enhance these optical capabilities. Here, we present the design and construction of a new segmented-blade ion trap integrated with a compact glass vacuum cell, in place of the conventional bulky metal vacuum chamber. The distance between the ion and four outside surfaces of the glass cell is 15 mm, which enables us to install four high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses (with two NA ⩽ 0.32 lenses and two NA ⩽ 0.66 lenses) in two orthogonal transverse directions, while leaving enough space for laser beams in the oblique and longitudinal directions. The high optical accessibility in multiple directions allows the application of small laser spots for addressable Raman operations, programmable optical tweezer arrays, and efficient fluorescence collection simultaneously. We have successfully loaded and cooled a string of 174Yb+ and 171Yb+ ions in the trap, which verifies the trapping stability. This compact high-optical-access trap setup not only can be used as an extendable module for quantum information processing but also facilitates experimental studies on quantum chemistry in a cold hybrid ion-atom system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin-Ming Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui-Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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17
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Li MD, Lin W, Luo A, Zhang WY, Sun H, Xiao B, Zheng YG, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. High-powered optical superlattice with robust phase stability for quantum gas microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13876-13886. [PMID: 33985115 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical superlattice has a wide range of applications in the study of ultracold atom physics. Especially, it can be used to trap and manipulate thousands of atom pairs in parallel which constitutes a promising system for quantum simulation and quantum computation. In the present work, we report on a high-power optical superlattice formed by a 532-nm and 1064-nm dual-wavelength interferometer with a short lattice spacing of 630 nm. The short-term fluctuation (in 10 seconds) of the relative phase between the short lattice and the long lattice is measured to be 0.003π, which satisfies the needs for performing two-qubit gates among neighboring lattice sites. We further implement this superlattice in a 87Rb experiment with a quantum gas microscope of single-site resolution, where the high-power 532-nm laser is necessary for pinning atoms in the short lattice during imaging, providing a unique platform for engineering quantum states.
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18
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Luo XW, Zhang C. Spin-Twisted Optical Lattices: Tunable Flat Bands and Larkin-Ovchinnikov Superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103201. [PMID: 33784151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices in twisted bilayer graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides have emerged as a powerful tool for engineering novel band structures and quantum phases of two-dimensional quantum materials. Here we investigate Moiré physics emerging from twisting two independent hexagonal optical lattices of atomic (pseudo-)spin states (instead of bilayers) that exhibit remarkably different physics from twisted bilayer graphene. We employ a momentum-space tight-binding calculation that includes all range real-space tunnelings and show that all twist angles θ≲6° can become magic and support gapped flat bands. Because of the greatly enhanced density of states near the flat bands, the system can be driven to superfluidity by weak attractive interaction. Strikingly, the superfluid phase corresponds to a Larkin-Ovchinnikov state with finite momentum pairing that results from the interplay between flat bands and interspin interactions in the unique single-layer spin-twisted lattice. Our work may pave the way for exploring novel quantum phases and twistronics in cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wang Luo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
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19
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Carcy C, Hercé G, Tenart A, Roscilde T, Clément D. Certifying the Adiabatic Preparation of Ultracold Lattice Bosons in the Vicinity of the Mott Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:045301. [PMID: 33576669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a joint experimental and theoretical analysis to assess the adiabatic experimental preparation of ultracold bosons in optical lattices aimed at simulating the three-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Thermometry of lattice gases is realized from the superfluid to the Mott regime by combining the measurement of three-dimensional momentum-space densities with ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of the same quantity. The measured temperatures are in agreement with isentropic lines reconstructed via QMC for the experimental parameters of interest, with a conserved entropy per particle of S/N=0.8(1)k_{B}. In addition, the Fisher information associated with this thermometry method shows that the latter is most accurate in the critical regime close to the Mott transition, as confirmed in the experiment. These results prove that equilibrium states of the Bose-Hubbard model-including those in the quantum-critical regime above the Mott transition-can be adiabatically prepared in cold-atom apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Carcy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaétan Hercé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Tenart
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tommaso Roscilde
- Université de Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard and CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - David Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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20
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Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator. Nature 2020; 587:392-396. [PMID: 33208959 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The modern description of elementary particles, as formulated in the standard model of particle physics, is built on gauge theories1. Gauge theories implement fundamental laws of physics by local symmetry constraints. For example, in quantum electrodynamics Gauss's law introduces an intrinsic local relation between charged matter and electromagnetic fields, which protects many salient physical properties, including massless photons and a long-ranged Coulomb law. Solving gauge theories using classical computers is an extremely arduous task2, which has stimulated an effort to simulate gauge-theory dynamics in microscopically engineered quantum devices3-6. Previous achievements implemented density-dependent Peierls phases without defining a local symmetry7,8, realized mappings onto effective models to integrate out either matter or electric fields9-12, or were limited to very small systems13-16. However, the essential gauge symmetry has not been observed experimentally. Here we report the quantum simulation of an extended U(1) lattice gauge theory, and experimentally quantify the gauge invariance in a many-body system comprising matter and gauge fields. These fields are realized in defect-free arrays of bosonic atoms in an optical superlattice of 71 sites. We demonstrate full tunability of the model parameters and benchmark the matter-gauge interactions by sweeping across a quantum phase transition. Using high-fidelity manipulation techniques, we measure the degree to which Gauss's law is violated by extracting probabilities of locally gauge-invariant states from correlated atom occupations. Our work provides a way to explore gauge symmetry in the interplay of fundamental particles using controllable large-scale quantum simulators.
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21
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Ma C, Sacco MD, Hurst B, Townsend JA, Hu Y, Szeto T, Zhang X, Tarbet B, Marty MT, Chen Y, Wang J. Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the viral main protease. Cell Res 2020; 30:678-692. [PMID: 32541865 PMCID: PMC7294525 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, also called novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), started to circulate among humans around December 2019, and it is now widespread as a global pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is called COVID-19, which is highly contagious and has an overall mortality rate of 6.35% as of May 26, 2020. There is no vaccine or antiviral available for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we report our discovery of inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Using the FRET-based enzymatic assay, several inhibitors including boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, and XII were identified to have potent activity with single-digit to submicromolar IC50 values in the enzymatic assay. The mechanism of action of the hits was further characterized using enzyme kinetic studies, thermal shift binding assays, and native mass spectrometry. Significantly, four compounds (boceprevir, GC-376, calpain inhibitors II and XII) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in cell culture with EC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 3.37 µM. Notably, boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II and XII represent novel chemotypes that are distinct from known substrate-based peptidomimetic Mpro inhibitors. A complex crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with GC-376, determined at 2.15 Å resolution with three protomers per asymmetric unit, revealed two unique binding configurations, shedding light on the molecular interactions and protein conformational flexibility underlying substrate and inhibitor binding by Mpro. Overall, the compounds identified herein provide promising starting points for the further development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael Dominic Sacco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Julia Alma Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tommy Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Michael Thomas Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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