1
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Day AM, Sutula M, Dietz JR, Raun A, Sukachev DD, Bhaskar MK, Hu EL. Electrical manipulation of telecom color centers in silicon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4722. [PMID: 38830869 PMCID: PMC11148098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicon color centers have recently emerged as promising candidates for commercial quantum technology, yet their interaction with electric fields has yet to be investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate electrical manipulation of telecom silicon color centers by implementing novel lateral electrical diodes with an integrated G center ensemble in a commercial silicon on insulator wafer. The ensemble optical response is characterized under application of a reverse-biased DC electric field, observing both 100% modulation of fluorescence signal, and wavelength redshift of approximately 1.24 ± 0.08 GHz/V above a threshold voltage. Finally, we use G center fluorescence to directly image the electric field distribution within the devices, obtaining insight into the spatial and voltage-dependent variation of the junction depletion region and the associated mediating effects on the ensemble. Strong correlation between emitter-field coupling and generated photocurrent is observed. Our demonstration enables electrical control and stabilization of semiconductor quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Day
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Madison Sutula
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dietz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Raun
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Evelyn L Hu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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2
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Bui HT, Wolf C, Wang Y, Haze M, Ardavan A, Heinrich AJ, Phark SH. All-Electrical Driving and Probing of Dressed States in a Single Spin. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12187-12193. [PMID: 38698541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The subnanometer distance between tip and sample in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) enables the application of very large electric fields with a strength as high as ∼1 GV/m. This has allowed for efficient electrical driving of Rabi oscillations of a single spin on a surface at a moderate radiofrequency (RF) voltage on the order of tens of millivolts. Here, we demonstrate the creation of dressed states of a single electron spin localized in the STM tunnel junction by using resonant RF driving voltages. The read-out of these dressed states was achieved all electrically by a weakly coupled probe spin. Our work highlights the strength of the atomic-scale geometry inherent to the STM that facilitates the creation and control of dressed states, which are promising for the design of atomic scale quantum devices using individual spins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Bui
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Masahiro Haze
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyon Phark
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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3
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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4
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John V, Borsoi F, György Z, Wang CA, Széchenyi G, van Riggelen-Doelman F, Lawrie WIL, Hendrickx NW, Sammak A, Scappucci G, Pályi A, Veldhorst M. Bichromatic Rabi Control of Semiconductor Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:067001. [PMID: 38394602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrically driven spin resonance is a powerful technique for controlling semiconductor spin qubits. However, it faces challenges in qubit addressability and off-resonance driving in larger systems. We demonstrate coherent bichromatic Rabi control of quantum dot hole spin qubits, offering a spatially selective approach for large qubit arrays. By applying simultaneous microwave bursts to different gate electrodes, we observe multichromatic resonance lines and resonance anticrossings that are caused by the ac Stark shift. Our theoretical framework aligns with experimental data, highlighting interdot motion as the dominant mechanism for bichromatic driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin John
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Borsoi
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Zoltán György
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chien-An Wang
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gábor Széchenyi
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Floor van Riggelen-Doelman
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - William I L Lawrie
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Nico W Hendrickx
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Amir Sammak
- QuTech and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628 CK Delft, Netherlands
| | - Giordano Scappucci
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - András Pályi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Quantum Dynamics and Correlations Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Menno Veldhorst
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
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5
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Ali S, Nilsson FA, Manti S, Bertoldo F, Mortensen JJ, Thygesen KS. High-Throughput Search for Triplet Point Defects with Narrow Emission Lines in 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21105-21115. [PMID: 37889165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We employ a first-principles computational workflow to screen for optically accessible, high-spin point defects in wide band gap, two-dimensional (2D) crystals. Starting from an initial set of 5388 point defects, comprising both native and extrinsic, single and double defects in ten previously synthesized 2D host materials, we identify 596 defects with a triplet ground state. For these defects, we calculate the defect formation energy, hyperfine (HF) coupling, and zero-field splitting (ZFS) tensors. For 39 triplet transitions exhibiting particularly low Huang-Rhys factors, we calculate the full photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Our approach reveals many spin defects with narrow PL line shapes and emission frequencies covering a broad spectral range. Most of the defects are hosted in hexagonal BN (hBN), which we ascribe to its high stiffness, but some are also found in MgI2, MoS2, MgBr2 and CaI2. As specific examples, we propose the defects vSMoS0 and NiSMoS0 in MoS2 as interesting candidates with potential applications to magnetic field sensors and quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fredrik Andreas Nilsson
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simone Manti
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabian Bertoldo
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Mortensen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sommer Thygesen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Chakravarthi S, Yama NS, Abulnaga A, Huang D, Pederson C, Hestroffer K, Hatami F, de Leon NP, Fu KMC. Hybrid Integration of GaP Photonic Crystal Cavities with Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond by Stamp-Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3708-3715. [PMID: 37096913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optically addressable solid-state defects are emerging as some of the most promising qubit platforms for quantum networks. Maximizing photon-defect interaction by nanophotonic cavity coupling is key to network efficiency. We demonstrate fabrication of gallium phosphide 1-D photonic crystal waveguide cavities on a silicon oxide carrier and subsequent integration with implanted silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond using a stamp-transfer technique. The stamping process avoids diamond etching and allows fine-tuning of the cavities prior to integration. After transfer to diamond, we measure cavity quality factors (Q) of up to 8900 and perform resonant excitation of single SiV centers coupled to these cavities. For a cavity with a Q of 4100, we observe a 3-fold lifetime reduction on-resonance, corresponding to a maximum potential cooperativity of C = 2. These results indicate promise for high photon-defect interaction in a platform which avoids fabrication of the quantum defect host crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsa Chakravarthi
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Nicholas S Yama
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Alex Abulnaga
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ding Huang
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Christian Pederson
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Karine Hestroffer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Fariba Hatami
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kai-Mei C Fu
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Luo QY, Zhao S, Hu QC, Quan WK, Zhu ZQ, Li JJ, Wang JF. High-sensitivity silicon carbide divacancy-based temperature sensing. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8432-8436. [PMID: 37093058 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Color centers in silicon carbide have become potentially versatile quantum sensors. Particularly, wide temperature-range temperature sensing has been realized in recent years. However, the sensitivity is limited due to the short dephasing time of the color centers. In this work, we developed a high-sensitivity silicon carbide divacancy-based thermometer using the thermal Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (TCPMG) method. First, the zero-field splitting D of the PL6 divacancy as a function of temperature was measured with a linear slope of -99.7 kHz K-1. The coherence times of TCPMG pulses linearly increased with the pulse number and the longest coherence time was about 21 μs, which was ten times higher than . The corresponding temperature-sensing sensitivity was 13.4 mK Hz-1/2, which was about 15 times higher than previous results. Finally, we monitored the laboratory temperature variations for 24 hours using the TCMPG pulse. The experiments pave the way for the application of silicon carbide-based high-sensitivity thermometers in the semiconductor industry, biology, and materials sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yue Luo
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Cheng Hu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Ke Quan
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Qi Zhu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Yan FF, Wang JF, He ZX, Li Q, Lin WX, Zhou JY, Xu JS, Li CF, Guo GC. Magnetic-field-dependent spin properties of divacancy defects in silicon carbide. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5300-5304. [PMID: 36810581 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, spin defects in silicon carbide have become promising platforms for quantum sensing, quantum information processing and quantum networks. It has been shown that their spin coherence times can be dramatically extended with an external axial magnetic field. However, little is known about the effect of magnetic-angle-dependent coherence time, which is an essential complement to defect spin properties. Here, we investigate the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra of divacancy spins in silicon carbide with a magnetic field orientation. The ODMR contrast decreases as the off-axis magnetic field strength increases. We then study the coherence times of divacancy spins in two different samples with magnetic field angles, and both of the coherence times decrease with the angle. The experiments pave the way for all-optical magnetic field sensing and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Xuan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu-Xi Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ji-Yang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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9
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Chen J, Zhao J, Feng S, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Liao H, Zheng Z, Chen X, Gao Z, Chen KJ, Hua M. Formation and Applications in Electronic Devices of Lattice-Aligned Gallium Oxynitride Nanolayer on Gallium Nitride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208960. [PMID: 36609822 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN), a promising alternative semiconductor to Si, is widely used in photoelectronic and electronic technologies. However, the vulnerability of the GaN surface is a critical restriction that hinders the development of GaN-based devices, especially in terms of device stability and reliability. In this study, this challenge is overcome by converting the GaN surface into a gallium oxynitride (GaON) epitaxial nanolayer through an in situ two-step "oxidation-reconfiguration" process. The O plasma treatment overcomes the chemical inertness of the GaN surface, and sequential thermal annealing manipulates the kinetic-thermodynamic reaction pathways to create a metastable GaON nanolayer with a wurtzite lattice. The GaN-derived GaON nanolayer is a tailored structure for surface reinforcement and possesses several advantages, including a wide bandgap, high thermodynamic stability, and large valence band offset with a GaN substrate. These physical properties can be further leveraged to enhance the performance of GaN-based devices in various applications, such as power systems, complementary logic integrated circuits, photoelectrochemical water splitting, and ultraviolet photoelectric conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junlei Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sirui Feng
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zheyang Zheng
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kevin J Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mengyuan Hua
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Coherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:461. [PMID: 36709208 PMCID: PMC9884286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin defects in foils of hexagonal boron nitride are an attractive platform for magnetic field imaging, since the probe can be placed in close proximity to the target. However, as a III-V material the electron spin coherence is limited by the nuclear spin environment, with spin echo coherence times of ∽100 ns at room temperature accessible magnetic fields. We use a strong continuous microwave drive with a modulation in order to stabilize a Rabi oscillation, extending the coherence time up to ∽ 4μs, which is close to the 10 μs electron spin lifetime in our sample. We then define a protected qubit basis, and show full control of the protected qubit. The coherence times of a superposition of the protected qubit can be as high as 0.8 μs. This work establishes that boron vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride can have electron spin coherence times that are competitive with typical nitrogen vacancy centres in small nanodiamonds under ambient conditions.
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11
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Laorenza DW, Freedman DE. Could the Quantum Internet Be Comprised of Molecular Spins with Tunable Optical Interfaces? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21810-21825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Danna E. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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12
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Band YB, Japha Y. Tuning the adiabaticity of spin dynamics in diamond nitrogen vacancy centers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:255503. [PMID: 35325876 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac60d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the spin dynamics of diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in an oscillating magnetic field along the symmetry axis of the NV in the presence of transverse magnetic fields. It is well-known that the coupling between the otherwise degenerate Zeeman levels |MS= ±1⟩ due to strain and electric fields is responsible for a Landau-Zener process near the pseudo-crossing of the adiabatic energy levels when the axial component of the oscillating magnetic field changes sign. We derive an effective two-level Hamiltonian for the NV system that includes coupling between the two levels via virtual transitions into the third far-detuned level |MS= 0⟩ induced by transverse magnetic fields. This coupling adds to the coupling due to strain and electric fields, with a phase that depends on the direction of the transverse field in the plane perpendicular to the NV axis. Hence, thetotal couplingof the Zeeman levels can be tuned to control the adiabaticity of spin dynamics by fully or partially compensating the effect of the strain and electric fields, or by enhancing it. Moreover, by varying the strength and direction of the transverse magnetic fields, one can determine the strength and direction of the local strain and electric fields at the position of the NV center, and even theexternalstress and electric field. The nuclear spin hyperfine interaction is shown to introduce a nuclear spin dependent offset of the axial magnetic field for which the pseudo-crossing occurs, while the adiabaticity remains unaffected by the nuclear spin. If the NV center is coupled to the environment, modeled by a bath with a Gaussian white noise spectrum, as appropriate for NVs near the diamond surface, then the spin dynamics is accompanied by relaxation of the Zeeman level populations and decoherence with a non-monotonic decrease of the purity of the system. The results presented here have important impact for metrology with NV centers, quantum control of spin systems in solids and coupled dynamics of spin and rotations in levitated nano-objects in the presence of magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Band
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and the Ilse Katz Center for Nano-Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Y Japha
- Department of Physics, and the Ilse Katz Center for Nano-Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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13
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Kundu K, White JRK, Moehring SA, Yu JM, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ, Hill S. A 9.2-GHz clock transition in a Lu(II) molecular spin qubit arising from a 3,467-MHz hyperfine interaction. Nat Chem 2022; 14:392-397. [PMID: 35288686 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spins in molecules are particularly attractive targets for next-generation quantum technologies, enabling chemically programmable qubits and potential for scale-up via self-assembly. Here we report the observation of one of the largest hyperfine interactions for a molecular system, Aiso = 3,467 ± 50 MHz, as well as a very large associated clock transition. This is achieved through chemical control of the degree of s-orbital mixing into the spin-bearing d orbital associated with a series of spin-½ La(II) and Lu(II) complexes. Increased s-orbital character reduces spin-orbit coupling and enhances the electron-nuclear Fermi contact interaction. Both outcomes are advantageous for quantum applications. The former reduces spin-lattice relaxation, and the latter maximizes the hyperfine interaction, which, in turn, generates a 9-GHz clock transition, leading to an increase in phase memory time from 1.0 ± 0.4 to 12 ± 1 μs for one of the Lu(II) complexes. These findings suggest strategies for the development of molecular quantum technologies, akin to trapped ion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. .,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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14
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Vorobyov V, Javadzade J, Joliffe M, Kaiser F, Wrachtrup J. Addressing Single Nuclear Spins Quantum Memories by a Central Electron Spin. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 53:1317-1330. [PMID: 35910419 PMCID: PMC9329387 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-022-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclei surrounding single electron spins are valuable resources for quantum technology. For application in this area, one is often interested in weakly coupled nuclei with coupling strength on the order of a few 10-100 kHz. In this paper, we compare methods to address single nuclear spins with this type of hyperfine coupling to a single electron spin. To achieve the required spectral resolution, we specifically focus on two methods, namely dynamical decoupling and correlation spectroscopy. We demonstrate spectroscopy of two single nuclear spins and present a method to derive components of their hyperfine coupling tensor from those measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vorobyov
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J. Javadzade
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Joliffe
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F. Kaiser
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J. Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Anderson CP, Glen EO, Zeledon C, Bourassa A, Jin Y, Zhu Y, Vorwerk C, Crook AL, Abe H, Ul-Hassan J, Ohshima T, Son NT, Galli G, Awschalom DD. Five-second coherence of a single spin with single-shot readout in silicon carbide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5912. [PMID: 35108045 PMCID: PMC8809532 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An outstanding hurdle for defect spin qubits in silicon carbide (SiC) is single-shot readout, a deterministic measurement of the quantum state. Here, we demonstrate single-shot readout of single defects in SiC via spin-to-charge conversion, whereby the defect's spin state is mapped onto a long-lived charge state. With this technique, we achieve over 80% readout fidelity without pre- or postselection, resulting in a high signal-to-noise ratio that enables us to measure long spin coherence times. Combined with pulsed dynamical decoupling sequences in an isotopically purified host material, we report single-spin T2 > 5 seconds, over two orders of magnitude greater than previously reported in this system. The mapping of these coherent spin states onto single charges unlocks both single-shot readout for scalable quantum nodes and opportunities for electrical readout via integration with semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Anderson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena O. Glen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cyrus Zeledon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre Bourassa
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christian Vorwerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander L. Crook
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Jawad Ul-Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Nguyen T. Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - David D. Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Tsai JY, Pan J, Lin H, Bansil A, Yan Q. Antisite defect qubits in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:492. [PMID: 35079005 PMCID: PMC8789810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Being atomically thin and amenable to external controls, two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a new paradigm for the realization of patterned qubit fabrication and operation at room temperature for quantum information sciences applications. Here we show that the antisite defect in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can provide a controllable solid-state spin qubit system. Using high-throughput atomistic simulations, we identify several neutral antisite defects in TMDs that lie deep in the bulk band gap and host a paramagnetic triplet ground state. Our in-depth analysis reveals the presence of optical transitions and triplet-singlet intersystem crossing processes for fingerprinting these defect qubits. As an illustrative example, we discuss the initialization and readout principles of an antisite qubit in WS2, which is expected to be stable against interlayer interactions in a multilayer structure for qubit isolation and protection in future qubit-based devices. Our study opens a new pathway for creating scalable, room-temperature spin qubits in 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Jinbo Pan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Hsin Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arun Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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17
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Lewis SG, Smyser KE, Eaves JD. Clock transitions guard against spin decoherence in singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194109. [PMID: 34800954 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short coherence times present a primary obstacle in quantum computing and sensing applications. In atomic systems, clock transitions (CTs), formed from avoided crossings in an applied Zeeman field, can substantially increase coherence times. We show how CTs can dampen intrinsic and extrinsic sources of quantum noise in molecules. Conical intersections between two periodic potentials form CTs in electron paramagnetic resonance experiments of the spin-polarized singlet fission photoproduct. We report on a pair of CTs for a two-chromophore molecule in terms of the Zeeman field strength, molecular orientation relative to the field, and molecular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina G Lewis
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kori E Smyser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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18
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Li Q, Wang JF, Yan FF, Zhou JY, Wang HF, Liu H, Guo LP, Zhou X, Gali A, Liu ZH, Wang ZQ, Sun K, Guo GP, Tang JS, Li H, You LX, Xu JS, Li CF, Guo GC. Room temperature coherent manipulation of single-spin qubits in silicon carbide with a high readout contrast. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab122. [PMID: 35668749 PMCID: PMC9160373 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin defects in silicon carbide (SiC) with mature wafer-scale fabrication and micro/nano-processing technologies have recently drawn considerable attention. Although room-temperature single-spin manipulation of colour centres in SiC has been demonstrated, the typically detected contrast is less than 2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$\%$\end{document}, and the photon count rate is also low. Here, we present the coherent manipulation of single divacancy spins in 4H-SiC with a high readout contrast (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$-30\%$\end{document}) and a high photon count rate (150 kilo counts per second) under ambient conditions, which are competitive with the nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. Coupling between a single defect spin and a nearby nuclear spin is also observed. We further provide a theoretical explanation for the high readout contrast by analysing the defect levels and decay paths. Since the high readout contrast is of utmost importance in many applications of quantum technologies, this work might open a new territory for SiC-based quantum devices with many advanced properties of the host material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adam Gali
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut. 8, H-1111, Hungary
- Wigner Research centre for Physics, PO. Box 49, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Zheng-Hao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zu-Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- CAS centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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19
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20
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Bertaina S, Vezin H, De Raedt H, Chiorescu I. Experimental protection of quantum coherence by using a phase-tunable image drive. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21643. [PMID: 33303783 PMCID: PMC7730451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protection of quantum coherence is essential for building a practical quantum computer able to manipulate, store and read quantum information with a high degree of fidelity. Recently, it has been proposed to increase the operation time of a qubit by means of strong pulses to achieve a dynamical decoupling of the qubit from its environment. We propose and demonstrate a simple and highly efficient alternative route based on Floquet modes, which increases the Rabi decay time (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T_1$$\end{document}T1 the relaxation time, thus providing a route for spin qubits and spin ensembles to be used in quantum information processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bertaina
- CNRS, IM2NP (UMR 7334), Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France.
| | - H Vezin
- CNRS, LASIRE (UMR 8516), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - H De Raedt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Chiorescu
- Department of Physics, The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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21
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Bourassa A, Anderson CP, Miao KC, Onizhuk M, Ma H, Crook AL, Abe H, Ul-Hassan J, Ohshima T, Son NT, Galli G, Awschalom DD. Entanglement and control of single nuclear spins in isotopically engineered silicon carbide. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1319-1325. [PMID: 32958880 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spins in the solid state are both a cause of decoherence and a valuable resource for spin qubits. In this work, we demonstrate control of isolated 29Si nuclear spins in silicon carbide (SiC) to create an entangled state between an optically active divacancy spin and a strongly coupled nuclear register. We then show how isotopic engineering of SiC unlocks control of single weakly coupled nuclear spins and present an ab initio method to predict the optimal isotopic fraction that maximizes the number of usable nuclear memories. We bolster these results by reporting high-fidelity electron spin control (F = 99.984(1)%), alongside extended coherence times (Hahn-echo T2 = 2.3 ms, dynamical decoupling T2DD > 14.5 ms), and a >40-fold increase in Ramsey spin dephasing time (T2*) from isotopic purification. Overall, this work underlines the importance of controlling the nuclear environment in solid-state systems and links single photon emitters with nuclear registers in an industrially scalable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bourassa
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher P Anderson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Miao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mykyta Onizhuk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - He Ma
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander L Crook
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jawad Ul-Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nguyen T Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hemmer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS," Kazan, Russia
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23
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Miao KC, Blanton JP, Anderson CP, Bourassa A, Crook AL, Wolfowicz G, Abe H, Ohshima T, Awschalom DD. Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit. Science 2020; 369:1493-1497. [PMID: 32792463 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Decoherence limits the physical realization of qubits, and its mitigation is critical for the development of quantum science and technology. We construct a robust qubit embedded in a decoherence-protected subspace, obtained by applying microwave dressing to a clock transition of the ground-state electron spin of a silicon carbide divacancy defect. The qubit is universally protected from magnetic, electric, and temperature fluctuations, which account for nearly all relevant decoherence channels in the solid state. This culminates in an increase of the qubit's inhomogeneous dephasing time by more than four orders of magnitude (to >22 milliseconds), while its Hahn-echo coherence time approaches 64 milliseconds. Requiring few key platform-independent components, this result suggests that substantial coherence improvements can be achieved in a wide selection of quantum architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Miao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joseph P Blanton
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher P Anderson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre Bourassa
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander L Crook
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gary Wolfowicz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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