1
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Zhang B, Yuan H, Liu Y, Deng Z, Douthwaite M, Dummer NF, Lewis RJ, Liu X, Luan S, Dong M, Wang T, Xu Q, Zhao Z, Liu H, Han B, Hutchings GJ. Ambient-pressure alkoxycarbonylation for sustainable synthesis of ester. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7837. [PMID: 39244602 PMCID: PMC11380687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkoxycarbonylation reactions are common in the chemical industry, yet process sustainability is limited by the inefficient utilization of CO. In this study, we address this issue and demonstrate that significant improvements can be achieved by adopting a heterogeneously catalyzed process, using a Ru/NbOx catalyst. The Ru/NbOx catalyst enables the direct synthesis of methyl propionate, a key industrial commodity, with over 98% selectivity from CO, ethylene and methanol, without any ligands or acid/base promoters. Under ambient CO pressure, a high CO utilization efficiency (336 mmolestermolCO-1h-1) is achieved. Mechanistic investigations reveal that CO undergoes a methoxycarbonyl (COOCH3) intermediate pathway, attacking the terminal carbon atom of alkene and yielding linear esters. The origins of prevailing linear regioselectivity in esters are revealed. The infrared spectroscopic feature of the key COOCH3 species is observed at 1750 cm-1 (C=O vibration) both experimentally and computationally. The broad substrate applicability of Ru/NbOx catalyst for ester production is demonstrated. This process offers a sustainable and efficient approach with high CO utilization and atom economy for the synthesis of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Haiyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Living Materials at the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijie Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas F Dummer
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Xingwu Liu
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd, Huairou District, 101400, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Luan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Minghua Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhijuan Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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2
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Wu AG, Ding J, Zhao L, Li HR, He LN. Hydroformylation of Olefins with CO 2/H 2 and Hydrosilane by Copper/Cobalt Tandem Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400608. [PMID: 38747335 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO2/H2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two-step approach consisting of the copper-catalyzed reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt-promoted hydroformylation with H2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth-abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by-product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO2 as carbonyl source.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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3
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Zong Y, Zhang R, Ma B, Peng J, Wu C, Zou X, Qian Y, Chen GQ, Zhang X. Robust, scalable, and highly selective spirocyclic catalysts for industrial hydroformylation and isomerization-hydroformylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado9607. [PMID: 39018404 PMCID: PMC466942 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydroformylation (HF) or isomerization-hydroformylation (ISO-HF) represents the most direct and practical route for producing aldehydes on an industrial scale. To resolve the issues of low activity, low linear/branched (l/b) ratio, and low stability in HF and ISO-HF, we herein reported a class of spirocyclic diphosphites. Notably, the ligand termed O-SDPhite afforded excellent catalytic activity and regioselectivity for the HF of various olefins. Excellent l/b ratio and an unprecedented turnover number of up to 17,620,000 were achieved. O-SDPhite was also found to be effective in the regioselective ISO-HF of the industrially related cheap and abundant C4 Raffinates to n-valeraldehyde produced on a multimillion-ton scale. The reaction with O-SDPhite, superior to that of benchmark Biphephos, was continuously operated for 41 days and afforded an average 38.6 l/b ratio (31 days and 14.7 l/b ratio for Biphephos).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runtong Zhang
- Center for Carbon-Neutrality Catalysis and Engineering and Institute of Carbon-Neutral Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baode Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Carbon-Neutrality Catalysis and Engineering and Institute of Carbon-Neutral Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianghua Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaomei Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Fablet P, Fernandez-Martinez MD, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Highly (regio)selective hydroformylation of olefins using self-assembling phosphines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5850-5855. [PMID: 38962995 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
New phosphines with self-assembling 6-pyridinone moities were prepared, characterized, and examined in the hydroformylation of diverse olefins. Testing various known and novel ligands in the presence of [Rh(acac)(CO)2] under industrially relevant conditions, the hydroformylation of 1-octene proceeds best with 6,6'-(phenylphosphanediyl)bis(pyridin-2(1H)-one) (DPONP). Control experiments and modelling studies indicate dimerization of this ligand at higher temperatures (>100 °C). The optimal catalyst system is able to conserve high product linearity (>90%) for a broad range of olefins at industrially-employed temperatures at low ligand loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fablet
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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5
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Holzknecht D, Van Alstine AK, Russell BP, Vinyard DJ, Donnarumma F, Chambers MB. Revisiting the Preparation and Catalytic Performance of a Phosphine-Modified Co(II) Hydroformylation Precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19183-19192. [PMID: 38954757 PMCID: PMC11258681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In light of recent conflicting reports regarding the hydroformylation catalytic activity derived from cationic Co(II) precatalysts of the form [Co(acac)(bis(phosphine))]BF4, the synthetic procedures and characterization of [Co(acac)(dppBz)]BF4, 1, are evaluated. Leveraging calibrated ESI-TOF MS methodologies, substantial quantities of Co(acac)2(dppBz), 2, were observed within samples of 1. The source of the impurity, 2, is determined to derive from incomplete protonolysis of the Co(acac)2 precursor and ligand scrambling occurring during the synthesis of 1. Revised synthetic procedures using lower temperature conditions and longer reaction times afford analytically pure samples of 1 based on ESI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. Complex 1 is demonstrated to act as a hydroformylation precatalyst for the conversion of 1-hexene to 1-heptanal under relatively mild conditions at 51.7 bar and 140 °C. The presence of impurity 2 is shown to dramatically decrease the catalytic performance derived from 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
R. Holzknecht
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United
States
| | - Alexandra K. Van Alstine
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United
States
| | - Brandon P. Russell
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - David J. Vinyard
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United
States
| | - Matthew B. Chambers
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United
States
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6
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Zhang S, Chen J, Wei B, Zhou H, Hua K, Liu X, Wang H, Sun Y. Efficient Alkene Hydroformylation by Co-C Symmetry-Breaking Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6037-6044. [PMID: 38377954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Alkene hydroformylation is one of the largest industrial reactions on an industrial scale; however, the development of nonnoble heterogeneous catalysts is usually limited by their low activities and stabilities. Herein, we constructed a 1% Co2C/SiO2 catalyst featuring Co-Cvacancy-Co-C symmetry-breaking sites, which generated a polar surface exhibiting a moderate charge density gradient at the localized Co atoms. Comparatively, this catalyst exhibited notable enhancements in the adsorption and activation of the reactants, as well as in the polarity between intermediates. Significantly, the spatial distance between the adsorption sites of intermediates was reduced, thereby effectively decreasing the energy barrier of reaction processes. As the density of the symmetry-breaking sites increased, the turnover number for propene hydroformylation soared to 18 363, exceeding the activity of heterogeneous Co-based catalysts reported thus far by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude, and the catalyst exhibited high stability during the reaction. This study provides a methodology for constructing atomically active sites, which holds great potential for the design and development of highly efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Junjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Baiyin Wei
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haozhi Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Kaimin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, PR China
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7
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Chen Y, Zhu Y, Dou H, Gong H. Theoretical insights into the catalytic mechanism of propylene hydroformylation over Co-N-C materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28412-28427. [PMID: 37843831 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
M-N-C was recently reported to be a high activity catalyst for hydroformylation compared with a metal nanocluster. However, the nature of M-N-C sites and the dominant path of propylene hydroformylation on M-N-C sites with different structures are poorly understood. In this work, five different Co-N-C models (Co-N3-C, Co-N4-C, 0N-bridged Co2-N6-C, 1N-bridged Co2-N7-C and 2N-bridged Co2-N6-C) were constructed to simulate the Co active sites with different coordination that may exist on the surface of MOF-derived Co-based carbon materials. DFT combined with kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) methods were used to study the catalytic performance for hydroformylation of different Co-N-C models. The results of the DFT calculations show that the coordination number and mode of N atoms could regulate the electronic density of the Co sites. The electronic density of the Co sites further affects the catalytic activity. The higher the electronic density is, the lower the energy barrier for partial hydrogenation of propylene and CO insertion reactions. Besides, the catalytic activity is also affected by the strong interaction in closer neighboring Co atoms in some Co2-Nx-C models. The strong interaction affects the adsorption state and energy of species, which also reduces the overall reaction energy barrier. The kMC simulation results further showed that the dominant path of propylene hydroformylation was the n-butylaldehyde path for the 0N-bridged model, and the isobutylaldehyde path for Co-N3-C and 2N-bridged models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huaiqiang Dou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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8
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Hood DM, Johnson RA, Vinyard DJ, Fronczek FR, Stanley GG. Cationic Cobalt(II) Bisphosphine Hydroformylation Catalysis: In Situ Spectroscopic and Reaction Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19715-19726. [PMID: 37642952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
[HCo(CO)x(bisphosphine)](BF4), x = 1-3, is a highly active hydroformylation catalyst system, especially for internal branched alkenes. In situ infrared spectroscopy (IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and nuclear magnetic resonance studies support the proposed catalyst formulation. IR studies reveal the formation of a dicationic Co(I) paramagnetic CO-bridged dimer, [Co2(μ-CO)2(CO)(bisphosphine)2]2+, at lower temperatures formed from the reaction of two catalyst complexes via the elimination of H2. DFT studies indicate a dimer structure with square-pyramidal and tetrahedral cobalt centers. This monomer-dimer equilibrium is analogous to that seen for HCo(CO)4, reacting to eliminate H2 and form Co2(CO)8. EPR studies on the catalyst show a high-spin (S = 3/2) Co(II) complex. Reaction studies are presented that support the cationic Co(II) bisphosphine catalyst as the catalyst species present in this system and minimize the possible role of neutral Co(I) species, HCo(CO)4 or HCo(CO)3(phosphine), as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Hood
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Ryan A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - David J Vinyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - George G Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
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9
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Li H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Ma J, Zavala VM, Landis CR, Mavrikakis M, Huber GW. Hydroformylation of pyrolysis oils to aldehydes and alcohols from polyolefin waste. Science 2023; 381:660-666. [PMID: 37561862 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste plastics are an abundant feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals. Pyrolysis of waste plastics produces pyrolysis oils with high concentrations of olefins (>50 weight %). The traditional petrochemical industry uses several energy-intensive steps to produce olefins from fossil feedstocks such as naphtha, natural gas, and crude oil. In this work, we demonstrate that pyrolysis oil can be used to produce aldehydes through hydroformylation, taking advantage of the olefin functionality. These aldehydes can then be reduced to mono- and dialcohols, oxidized to mono- and dicarboxylic acids, or aminated to mono- and diamines by using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This route produces high-value oxygenated chemicals from low-value postconsumer recycled polyethylene. We project that the chemicals produced by this route could lower greenhouse gas emissions ~60% compared with their production through petroleum feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqian Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiaze Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Victor M Zavala
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Clark R Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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10
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Huang W, Jackstell R, Franke R, Beller M. Towards "homeopathic" palladium-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of aliphatic and aromatic olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37449386 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes allows for atom-efficient synthesis of esters from easily available alkenes in an industrially viable manner. One of the major costs associated with this process is the consumption of the catalyst system. Hence, for economic and ecologic reasons it is desirable to minimize the amount of metal and ligands wherever possible. Herein, we report "a homeopathic" palladium-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of olefins under comparably mild conditions. The key to success is the homemade ligand LIKATphos providing good to excellent yields of ester products with catalyst turnover numbers in the range of 106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Huang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Industries AG, Paul-Baumann-Strase. 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
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11
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Hui Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Yi X, Chen W, Wang C, Wang H, Qin Y, Song L, Zheng A, Xiao FS. Rhodium nanoparticles supported on silanol-rich zeolites beyond the homogeneous Wilkinson's catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2531. [PMID: 37137908 PMCID: PMC10156763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroformylation is one of the largest industrially homogeneous processes that strongly relies on catalysts with phosphine ligands such as the Wilkinson's catalyst (triphenylphosphine coordinated Rh). Heterogeneous catalysts for olefin hydroformylation are highly desired but suffer from poor activity compared with homogeneous catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that rhodium nanoparticles supported on siliceous MFI zeolite with abundant silanol nests are very active for hydroformylation, giving a turnover frequency as high as ~50,000 h-1 that even outperforms the classical Wilkinson's catalyst. Mechanism study reveals that the siliceous zeolite with silanol nests could efficiently enrich olefin molecules to adjacent rhodium nanoparticles, enhancing the hydroformylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Liu
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry & Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Mathematics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Hui
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry & Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Mathematics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Mathematics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry & Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry & Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yucai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Mathematics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Feng-Shou Xiao
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry & Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Kubis C, König M, Leidecker BN, Selent D, Schröder H, Sawall M, Baumann W, Spannenberg A, Brächer A, Neymeyr K, Franke R, Börner A. Interplay between Catalyst Complexes and Dormant States: In Situ Spectroscopic Investigations on a Catalyst System for Alkene Hydroformylation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Street 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
| | - Benedict N. Leidecker
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Detlef Selent
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henning Schröder
- University of Rostock, Institute of Mathematics, Ulmenstraße 59, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Sawall
- University of Rostock, Institute of Mathematics, Ulmenstraße 59, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Neymeyr
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute of Mathematics, Ulmenstraße 59, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Street 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Armin Börner
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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13
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Li C, Li S, Liang H, Fu H, Chen H. A diphosphoramidite ligand for hydroformylation of various olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2126-2129. [PMID: 36723295 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new rotationally hindered diphosphoramidite ligand has been applied to the Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of various olefins. Good activity as well as excellent regioselectivity toward the formation of linear aldehydes were achieved. Remarkable performances were also observed in the hydroformylation of functionalized olefins, including methyl acrylate, allyl acetate, crotonaldehyde ethylene acetal and styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Liang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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14
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Wang P, Wang Y, Neumann H, Beller M. Rhodium-Catalyzed Formylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides to Aldehydes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203342. [PMID: 36342300 PMCID: PMC10108320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first rhodium-catalyzed formylation of non-activated alkyl chlorides with syn gas (H2 /CO) allows to produce aldehydes in high yields (25 examples). A catalyst optimization study revealed Rh(acac)(CO)2 in the presence of 1,3-bisdiphenylphosphinopropane (DPPP) as the most active catalyst system for this transformation. Key for the success of the reaction is the addition of sodium iodide (NaI) to the reaction system, which leads to the formation of activated alkyl iodides as intermediates. Depending on the reaction conditions, either the linear or branched aldehydes can be preferentially obtained, which is explained by a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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15
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MacNeil CS, Mendelsohn LN, Pabst TP, Hierlmeier G, Chirik PJ. Alcohol Synthesis by Cobalt-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Driven Reductive Hydroformylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19219-19224. [PMID: 36240429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation of terminal and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes is described. One-carbon homologated alcohols were synthesized directly from CO and H2, affording anti-Markovnikov products (34-87% yield) with exclusive regiocontrol (linear/branch >99:1) for minimally functionalized alkenes. Irradiation of the air-stable cobalt hydride, (dcype)Co(CO)2H (dcype = dicyclohexylphosphinoethane) with blue light generated the active catalyst that mediates alkene hydroformylation and subsequent aldehyde hydrogenation. Mechanistic origins of absolute regiocontrol were investigated by in situ monitoring of the tandem catalytic reaction using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy with syngas mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lauren N Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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