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Varga E, Weidman RP, Song Z, McKay RM. Environmental drivers of phytoplankton community dynamics in an agriculturally-influenced tributary in the lower Great Lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173411. [PMID: 38796008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplankton community composition in tributaries differs from that in their receiving waters, due to light limitation from suspended particles and other factors such as nutrient availability and temperature. This study was designed to manipulate light levels in early, mid, and late summer to determine the combined effects of light attenuation and naturally varying nutrient availability on phytoplankton community composition in an agriculturally-influenced tributary of the lower Great Lakes. In all trials, in situ microcosm experiments show that phytoplankton abundance increased under three light attenuation treatments (60 %, 75 %, and 85 % attenuation) relative to time-zero, but higher light attenuation reduced total phytoplankton abundance relative to controls. Highest phytoplankton diversity in terms of richness and evenness occurred in September (late summer), and across all three trials was lowest under the highest light attenuation treatments (85 %). Phytoplankton community composition followed a normal seasonal shift from diatoms dominating in June (early summer), followed by cyanobacteria dominating in mid to late summer. In general, lower light levels (especially 85 % attenuation) corresponded with an increased dominance of cyanobacteria. These findings support the hypothesis that phytoplankton abundance and diversity vary with light and nutrient availability and that light attenuation promotes the shift from buoyant cyanobacteria to other taxa more tolerant of low light levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Varga
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - R Paul Weidman
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Zhuoyan Song
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - R Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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2
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Yancey CE, Hart L, Hefferan S, Mohamed OG, Newmister SA, Tripathi A, Sherman DH, Dick GJ. Metabologenomics reveals strain-level genetic and chemical diversity of Microcystis secondary metabolism. mSystems 2024; 9:e0033424. [PMID: 38916306 PMCID: PMC11264947 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00334-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcystis spp. are renowned for producing the hepatotoxin microcystin in freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms around the world, threatening drinking water supplies and public and environmental health. However, Microcystis genomes also harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, including many with toxic properties. Most of these BGCs are uncharacterized and currently lack links to biosynthesis products. However, recent field studies show that many of these BGCs are abundant and transcriptionally active in natural communities, suggesting potentially important yet unknown roles in bloom ecology and water quality. Here, we analyzed 21 xenic Microcystis cultures isolated from western Lake Erie to investigate the diversity of the biosynthetic potential of this genus. Through metabologenomic and in silico approaches, we show that these Microcystis strains contain variable BGCs, previously observed in natural populations, and encode distinct metabolomes across cultures. Additionally, we find that the majority of metabolites and gene clusters are uncharacterized, highlighting our limited understanding of the chemical repertoire of Microcystis spp. Due to the complex metabolomes observed in culture, which contain a wealth of diverse congeners as well as unknown metabolites, these results underscore the need to deeply explore and identify secondary metabolites produced by Microcystis beyond microcystins to assess their impacts on human and environmental health.IMPORTANCEThe genus Microcystis forms dense cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and can produce the toxin microcystin, which has been responsible for drinking water crises around the world. While microcystins are of great concern, Microcystis also produces an abundance of other secondary metabolites that may be of interest due to their potential for toxicity, ecological importance, or pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we combine genomic and metabolomic approaches to study the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites as well as the chemical diversity of produced metabolites in Microcystis strains from the Western Lake Erie Culture Collection. This unique collection comprises Microcystis strains that were directly isolated from western Lake Erie, which experiences substantial cyanoHAB events annually and has had negative impacts on drinking water, tourism, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Yancey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren Hart
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sierra Hefferan
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sean A. Newmister
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Du Y, Jiang S, Han Y, Liu Q, Cui L, Zhang CY. Synthesis of silica-encapsulated tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer for sensitively sensing microcystin-LR. Talanta 2024; 272:125752. [PMID: 38354543 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The reported organic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophors for the detection of various markers often suffer from intermolecular π-π stacking-induced luminophore quenching. Herein, we demonstrate one-pot synthesis of a new aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) emitter (i.e., TPE@SiO2/rGO composite) for sensitive measurement of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). The TPE@SiO2/rGO composite is constructed by embedding the silica-encapsuled 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene (TPE) in the reduced graphene oxide. In comparison with the monomer TPE, this composite exhibit high luminescence efficiency and strong ECL emission, because the AIECL phenomenon triggered by the spatial confinement effect in the SiO2 cage induces the restriction of the internal motion and vibration of molecules. Notably, this composite has distinct advantages of easy preparation, simple functionalization, and stable luminescence. Especially, the TPE@SiO2/rGO-based ECL-RET system exhibits a high quenching efficiency (ΦET) of 69.7%. When target MC-LR is present, it triggers DNA strand displacement reaction (SDR), inducing the quenching of the ECL signal of TPE@SiO2/rGO composite due to ECL resonance energy transfer between TPE@SiO2/rGO composite and methylene blue (MB). The proposed biosensor enables highly sensitive, low-cost, and robust measurement of MC-LR with a large dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude and a detection limit of 3.78 fg/mL, and it displays excellent detection performance in complex biological matrices, holding potential applications in food safety and water monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lin Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Wei J, Luo J, Peng T, Zhou P, Zhang J, Yang F. Comparative genomic analysis and functional investigations for MCs catabolism mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of MCs-degrading bacteria in ecology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118336. [PMID: 38295970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) significantly threaten the ecosystem and public health. Biodegradation has emerged as a promising technology for removing MCs. Many MCs-degrading bacteria have been identified, including an indigenous bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 that could degrade MC-LR and Adda completely. Herein, we gained insight into the MCs biodegradation mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of MCs-degrading bacteria, and revealed the toxic risks of the MCs degradation products. The biochemical characteristics and genetic repertoires of strain YF1 were explored. A comparative genomic analysis was performed on strain YF1 and six other MCs-degrading bacteria to investigate their functions. The degradation products were investigated, and the toxicity of the intermediates was analyzed through rigorous theoretical calculation. Strain YF1 might be a novel species that exhibited versatile substrate utilization capabilities. Many common genes and metabolic pathways were identified, shedding light on shared functions and catabolism in the MCs-degrading bacteria. The crucial genes involved in MCs catabolism mechanisms, including mlr and paa gene clusters, were identified successfully. These functional genes might experience horizontal gene transfer events, suggesting the evolutionary dynamics of these MCs-degrading bacteria in ecology. Moreover, the degradation products for MCs and Adda were summarized, and we found most of the intermediates exhibited lower toxicity to different organisms than the parent compound. These findings systematically revealed the MCs catabolism mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of MCs-degrading bacteria. Consequently, this research contributed to the advancement of green biodegradation technology in aquatic ecology, which might protect human health from MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Tangjian Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Pengji Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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5
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Hancock TL, Dahedl EK, Kratz MA, Urakawa H. The synchronicity of bloom-forming cyanobacteria transcription patterns and hydrogen peroxide dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123812. [PMID: 38527584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) naturally occurring at low levels in aquatic environments and production varies widely across different ecosystems. Oxygenic photosynthesis generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct, of which some portion can be released to ambient water. However, few studies have examined hydrogen peroxide dynamics in relation to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs). A year-long investigation of algal succession and hydrogen peroxide dynamics was conducted at the Caloosahatchee River, Florida, USA. We aimed to identify potential biological mechanisms responsible for elevated hydrogen peroxide production during cHAB events through the exploration of the freshwater microbial metatranscriptome. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations were elevated from February to September of 2021 when cyanobacteria were active and abundant. We observed one Microcystis cHAB event in spring and one in winter. Both had distinct nutrient uptake and cyanotoxin gene expression patterns. While meaningful levels of microcystin were only detected during periods of elevated hydrogen peroxide, cyanopeptolin was by far the most expressed cyanotoxin during the spring bloom when hydrogen peroxide was at its yearly maxima. Gene expressions of five microbial enzymes (Rubisco, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome b559, pyruvate oxidase, and NADH dehydrogenase) positively correlated to hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Additionally, there was higher nitrogen-fixing gene (nifDKH) expression by filamentous cyanobacteria after the spring bloom but no secondary bloom formation occurred. Overall, elevated environmental hydrogen peroxide concentrations were linked to cyanobacterial dominance and greater expression of specific enzymes in the photosynthesis of cyanobacteria. This implicates cyanobacterial photosynthesis and growth results in increased hydrogen peroxide generation as reflected in measured environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Hancock
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Dahedl
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Michael A Kratz
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Urakawa
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA.
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Yang S, Zuo J, Grossart HP, Dai G, Liu J, Song L, Gan N. Evaluating microcystinase A-based approach on microcystins degradation during harvested cyanobacterial blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123878. [PMID: 38548158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Addressing notorious and worldwide Microcystis blooms, mechanical algae harvesting is an effective emergency technology for bloom mitigation and removal of nutrient loads in waterbodies. However, the absence of effective methods for removal of cyanobacterial toxins, e.g., microcystins (MCs), poses a challenge to recycle the harvested Microcystis biomass. In this study, we therefore introduced a novel approach, the "captured biomass-MlrA enzymatic MC degradation", by enriching microcystinase A (MlrA) via fermentation and spraying it onto salvaged Microcystis slurry to degrade all MCs. After storing the harvested Microcystis slurry, a rapid release of extracellular MCs occurred within the initial 8 h, reaching a peak concentration of 5.33 μg/mL at 48 h during the composting process. Upon spraying the recombinant MlrA crude extract (about 3.36 U) onto the Microcystis slurry in a ratio of 0.1% (v/v), over 95% of total MCs were degraded within a 24-h period. Importantly, we evaluated the reliability and safety of using MlrA extracts to degrade MCs. Results showed that organic matter/nutrient contents, e.g. soluble proteins, polysaccharides, phycocyanin and carotenoids, were not significantly altered. Furthermore, the addition of MlrA extracts did not significantly change the bacterial community composition and diversity in the Microcystis slurry, indicating that the MlrA extracts did not increase the risk of pathogenic bacteria. Our study provides an effective and promising method for the pre-treatment of harvested Microcystis biomass, highlighting an ecologically sustainable framework for addressing Microcystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Zuo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries IGB, Stechlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guofei Dai
- Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Nanqin Gan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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7
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Caen A, Mathias JD, Latour D. How do seasonal temperature variations influence interplay between toxic and non-toxic cyanobacterial blooms? Evidence from modeling and experimental data. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 134:102606. [PMID: 38705611 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Summer cyanobacterial blooms exhibit a dynamic interplay between toxic and non-toxic genotypes, significantly influencing the cyanotoxin levels within a lake. The challenge lies in accurately predicting these toxin concentrations due to the significant temporal fluctuations in the proportions of toxic and non-toxic genotypes. Typically, the toxic genotypes dominate during the early and late summer periods, while the non-toxic variants prevail in mid-summer. To dissect this phenomenon, we propose a model that accounts for the competitive interaction between toxic and non-toxic genotypes, as well as seasonal temperature variations. Our numerical simulations suggest that the optimal temperature of the toxic genotypes is lower than that of the optimal temperatures of the non-toxic counterparts. This difference of optimal temperature may potentially contribute to explain the dominance of toxic genotypes at the early and late summer periods, situation often observed in the field. Experimental data from the laboratory align qualitatively with our simulation results, enabling a better understanding of complex interplays between toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Caen
- INRAE, UR MaIAGE, Domaine de Vilvert, JOUY-EN-JOSAS, 78352, France.
| | - Jean-Denis Mathias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UR LISC, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal - CS 20085, Aubiére, 63178, France.
| | - Delphine Latour
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LMGE, 1, Impasse Amélie Murat, Aubiére, 63178, France.
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8
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Ji P, Chen J, Chen R, Liu J, Yu C, Chen F. Nitrogen and phosphorus trends in lake sediments of China may diverge. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2644. [PMID: 38531852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The brief history of monitoring nutrient levels in Chinese lake waters limits our understanding of the causes and the long-term trends of their eutrophication and constrains effective lake management. We therefore synthesize nutrient data from lakes in China to reveal the historical changes and project their future trends to 2100 using models. Here we show that the average concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in lake sediments have increased by 267% and 202%, respectively since 1850. In the model projections, 2030-2100, the nitrogen concentrations in the studied lakes in China may decrease, for example, by 87% in the southern districts and by 19% in the northern districts. However, the phosphorus concentrations will continue to increase by an average of 25% in the Eastern Plain, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Xinjiang. Based on this differentiation, we suggest that nitrogen and phosphorus management in Chinese lakes should be carried out at the district level to help develop rational and sustainable environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ruijin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianbao Liu
- ALPHA, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chaoqing Yu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fahu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- ALPHA, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Wang N, Mark N, Launer N, Hirtler A, Weston C, Cleckner L, Faehndrich C, LaGorga L, Xia L, Pyrek D, Penningroth SM, Richardson RE. Harmful algal blooms in Cayuga lake, NY: From microbiome analysis to eDNA monitoring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120128. [PMID: 38382427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) has become a growing concern over the years, and New York State (NYS) is no exception. The Finger Lakes region in NYS has been identified as a hotspot for HABs, with Cayuga Lake having the highest number of blooms reported. The Cayuga Lake HABs Monitoring Program has been tracking cHABs (dominant bloom taxa, chlorophyll A, and microcystin levels) since 2018. However, limited research has been conducted on the microbiome of HABs in this region. In this study, the microbiome of HABs in the Cayuga Lake was surveyed and compared with non-HAB baseline samples. Using 16S rDNA community analysis, common bloom-forming cyanobacteria, were identified, with Microcystis being the dominant taxa in high toxin blooms. Further, this study evaluated the ability of Microcystis mcyA qPCR to detect elevated levels of potential toxigenic Microcystis in water samples using both benchtop and handheld qPCR devices. The results showed good performance of the qPCR assay as a screening for high toxin versus low/no toxin blooms. Additionally, the handheld qPCR device holds potential for in-field rapid (<1 h) screenings for high toxin blooms. This study provides insights into the microbiome of HABs in Cayuga Lake and offers a potential tool for rapid screening of high toxin blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noah Mark
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nathaniel Launer
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Adrianna Hirtler
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Claire Weston
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Cleckner
- Finger Lakes Institute, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Faehndrich
- Skidmore College, Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Lydia LaGorga
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lingzi Xia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Pyrek
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephen M Penningroth
- Community Science Institute, New York State Department of Health-Environmental Laboratory Approval Program ID 11790, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Ruth E Richardson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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10
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Yang M, Du D, Zhu F, Wang X. Metabolomic analysis reveals the toxicity mechanisms of bisphenol A on the Microcystis aeruginosa under different phosphorus levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123022. [PMID: 38008252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have been a global environmental problem. Discharge of anthropogenic pollutants and excess nutrient import into the freshwater bodies may be the biggest drivers of bloom. Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical endocrine-disrupting compound, is frequently detected in different natural waters, which was a threat to the balance of aquatic ecosystem. Yet mechanistic understanding of the bloom and microcystin generation under combined pollution conditions is still a mystery. Herein, the cellular and metabolomic responses to BPA exposure and phosphorus (P) levels in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated throughout its growth period. The results showed that the stress response of M. aeruginosa to BPA was characterized by a decrease in growth density, an increase in P utilization, an increase in ATPase activity, a disruption of the photosynthetic system, and an increase in the production and release of microcystins (MCs). However, these effects are highly dependent on the growth stage of the cyanobacterial cell and the magnitude of the added P concentration. In addition, exposure to a high concentration (10 μM) of BPA significantly stimulated the production of 20.7% more and the release of 29.2% more MCs from M. aeruginosa cells at a low P level. The responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) suggested that exposure to BPA exposure at a low P level can lead to oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa. In addition, the differentially expressed 63 metabolites showed that cell growth, energy generation and photosynthesis were mainly regulated by the metabolic network of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), D-glucose 6-phosphate, UDP-α-D-galactose and UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) metabolism. Amino acids and lipid metabolism collectively mediated MCs production and release. These findings will provide important references for the control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms under combined pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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11
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Romanis CS, Timms VJ, Nebauer DJ, Crosbie ND, Neilan BA. Microbiome analysis reveals Microcystis blooms endogenously seeded from benthos within wastewater maturation ponds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0158523. [PMID: 38117057 PMCID: PMC10807444 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01585-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxigenic Microcystis blooms periodically disrupt the stabilization ponds of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Dense proliferations of Microcystis cells within the surface waters (SWs) impede the water treatment process by reducing the treatment efficacy of the latent WWTP microbiome. Further, water quality is reduced when conventional treatment leads to Microcystis cell lysis and the release of intracellular microcystins into the water column. Recurrent seasonal Microcystis blooms cause significant financial burdens for the water industry and predicting their source is vital for bloom management strategies. We investigated the source of recurrent toxigenic Microcystis blooms at Australia's largest lagoon-based municipal WWTP in both sediment core (SC) and SW samples between 2018 and 2020. Bacterial community composition of the SC and SW samples according to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that Microcystis sp. was dominant within SW samples throughout the period and reached peak relative abundances (32%) during the summer. The same Microcystis Amplicon sequence variants were present within the SC and SW samples indicating a potential migratory population that transitions between the sediment water and SWs during bloom formation events. To investigate the potential of the sediment to act as a repository of viable Microcystis cells for recurrent bloom formation, a novel in-vitro bloom model was established featuring sediments and sterilized SW collected from the WWTP. Microcystin-producing Microcystis blooms were established through passive resuspension after 12 weeks of incubation. These results demonstrate the capacity of Microcystis to transition between the sediments and SWs in WWTPs, acting as a perennial inoculum for recurrent blooms.IMPORTANCECyanobacterial blooms are prevalent to wastewater treatment facilities owing to the stable, eutrophic conditions. Cyanobacterial proliferations can disrupt operational procedures through the blocking of filtration apparatus or altering the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microbiome, reducing treatment efficiency. Conventional wastewater treatment often results in the lysis of cyanobacterial cells and the release of intracellular toxins which pose a health risk to end users. This research identifies a potential seeding source of recurrent toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms within wastewater treatment facilities. Our results demonstrate the capacity of Microcystis to transition between the sediments and surface waters (SWs) of wastewater treatment ponds enabling water utilities to develop adequate monitoring and management strategies. Further, we developed a novel model to demonstrate benthic recruitment of toxigenic Microcystis under laboratory conditions facilitating future research into the genetic mechanisms behind bloom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Romanis
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
| | - V. J. Timms
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology, Callaghan, Australia
| | - D. J. Nebauer
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - B. A. Neilan
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Callaghan, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology, Callaghan, Australia
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12
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Wu H, Wu X, Rovelli L, Lorke A. Selection of photosynthetic traits by turbulent mixing governs formation of cyanobacterial blooms in shallow eutrophic lakes. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae021. [PMID: 38366257 PMCID: PMC10945370 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Prediction of the complex cyanobacteria-environment interactions is vital for understanding harmful bloom formation. Most previous studies on these interactions considered specific properties of cyanobacterial cells as representative for the entire population (e.g. growth rate, mortality, and photosynthetic capacity (Pmax)), and assumed that they remained spatiotemporally unchanged. Although, at the population level, the alteration of such traits can be driven by intraspecific competition, little is known about how traits and their plasticity change in response to environmental conditions and affect the bloom formation. Here we test the hypothesis that intraspecific variations in Pmax of cyanobacteria (Microcystis spp.) play an important role in its population dynamics. We coupled a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model with a trait-based phytoplankton model to simulate the effects of physical drivers (turbulence and turbidity) on the Pmax of Microcystis populations for a range of dynamic conditions typical for shallow eutrophic lakes. Our results revealed that turbulence acts as a directional selective driver for changes in Pmax. Depending on the intensity of daily-periodic turbulence, representing wind-driven mixing, a shift in population-averaged phenotypes occurred toward either low Pmax, allowing the population to capture additional light in the upper layers, or high Pmax, enhancing the efficiency of light utilization. Moreover, we observed that a high intraspecific diversity in Pmax accelerated the formation of surface scum by up to more than four times compared to a lower diversity. This study offers insights into mechanisms by which cyanobacteria populations respond to turbulence and underscores the significance of intraspecific variations in cyanobacterial bloom formation. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Wu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lorenzo Rovelli
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau 76829, Germany
- Now at the Department of Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz 56068, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau 76829, Germany
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13
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Lyche Solheim A, Gundersen H, Mischke U, Skjelbred B, Nejstgaard JC, Guislain ALN, Sperfeld E, Giling DP, Haande S, Ballot A, Moe SJ, Stephan S, Walles TJW, Jechow A, Minguez L, Ganzert L, Hornick T, Hansson TH, Stratmann CN, Järvinen M, Drakare S, Carvalho L, Grossart HP, Gessner MO, Berger SA. Lake browning counteracts cyanobacteria responses to nutrients: Evidence from phytoplankton dynamics in large enclosure experiments and comprehensive observational data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17013. [PMID: 37994377 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lakes worldwide are affected by multiple stressors, including climate change. This includes massive loading of both nutrients and humic substances to lakes during extreme weather events, which also may disrupt thermal stratification. Since multi-stressor effects vary widely in space and time, their combined ecological impacts remain difficult to predict. Therefore, we combined two consecutive large enclosure experiments with a comprehensive time-series and a broad-scale field survey to unravel the combined effects of storm-induced lake browning, nutrient enrichment and deep mixing on phytoplankton communities, focusing particularly on potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The experimental results revealed that browning counteracted the stimulating effect of nutrients on phytoplankton and caused a shift from phototrophic cyanobacteria and chlorophytes to mixotrophic cryptophytes. Light limitation by browning was identified as the likely mechanism underlying this response. Deep-mixing increased microcystin concentrations in clear nutrient-enriched enclosures, caused by upwelling of a metalimnetic Planktothrix rubescens population. Monitoring data from a 25-year time-series of a eutrophic lake and from 588 northern European lakes corroborate the experimental results: Browning suppresses cyanobacteria in terms of both biovolume and proportion of the total phytoplankton biovolume. Both the experimental and observational results indicated a lower total phosphorus threshold for cyanobacterial bloom development in clearwater lakes (10-20 μg P L-1 ) than in humic lakes (20-30 μg P L-1 ). This finding provides management guidance for lakes receiving more nutrients and humic substances due to more frequent extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hege Gundersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Mischke
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens C Nejstgaard
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexis L N Guislain
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Darren P Giling
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Haande
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ballot
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Tim J W Walles
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Jechow
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Laetitia Minguez
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Lars Ganzert
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hornick
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Truls Hveem Hansson
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Cleo N Stratmann
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
| | | | - Stina Drakare
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technlology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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14
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Jia Y, Huang Y, Ma J, Zhang S, Liu J, Li T, Song L. Toxicity of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (C 14) towards cyanobacterium Microcystis results from its impact on the photosynthetic apparatus and cell metabolism. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:198-209. [PMID: 37778795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in a variety of consumer and commercial products, typically as a component of disinfectants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, QACs became one of the primary agents utilized to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus on surfaces. However, the ecotoxicological effects of QACs upon aquatic organisms have not been fully assessed. In this study, we examined the effects of a widely used QAC (benzalkonium chloride-C14, BAC-14) on two toxigenic Microcystis strains and one non-toxigenic freshwater Microcystis strain and carried out an analysis focused on primary, adaptive and compensatory stress responses at apical (growth and photosynthesis) and metabolic levels. This analysis revealed that the two toxic Microcystis strains were more tolerant than the non-toxic strain, with 96 hr-EC50 values of 0.70, 0.76, and 0.38 mg/L BAC-14 for toxigenic M. aeruginosa FACHB-905, toxigenic M. aeruginosa FACHB-469, and non-toxigenic M. wesenbergii FACHB-908, respectively. The photosynthetic activities of the Microcystis, assessed via Fv/Fm values, were significantly suppressed under 0.4 mg/L BAC-14. Furthermore, this analysis revealed that BAC-14 altered 14, 12, and 8 metabolic pathways in M. aeruginosa FACHB-905, M. aeruginosa FACHB-469, and M. wesenbergii FACHB-908, respectively. It is noteworthy that BAC-14 enhanced the level of extracellular microcystin production in the toxigenic Microcystis strains, although cell growth was not significantly affected. Collectively, these data show that BAC-14 disrupted the physiological and metabolic status of Microcystis cells and stimulated the production and release of microcystin, which could result in damage to aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tianli Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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15
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Li T, Fan X, Cai M, Jiang Y, Wang Y, He P, Ni J, Mo A, Peng C, Liu J. Advances in investigating microcystin-induced liver toxicity and underlying mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167167. [PMID: 37730048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of biologically active cyclic heptapeptide pollutants produced by the freshwater alga Microcystis aeruginosa. With increased environmental pollution, MCs have become a popular research topic. In recent years, the hepatotoxicity of MCs and associated effects and mechanisms have been studied extensively. Current epidemiological data indicate that long-term human exposure to MCs can lead to severe liver toxicity, acute toxicity, and death. In addition, current toxicological studies on the liver, a vital target organ of MCs, indicate that MC contamination is associated with the development of liver cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and liver fibrosis. MCs produce hepatotoxicity that affects the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, induces apoptosis, and acts as a pro-cancer factor, leading to liver lesions. MCs mainly mediate the activation of signaling pathways, such as the ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK and IL-6-STAT3 pathways, which leads to oxidative damage and even carcinogenesis. Moreover, MCs can act synergistically with other pollutants to produce combined toxicity. However, few systematic reviews have been performed on these new findings. This review systematically summarizes the toxic effects and mechanisms of MCs on the liver and discusses the combined liver toxicity effects of MCs and other pollutants to provide reference for subsequent research. The toxicity of different MC isomers deserves further study. The detection methods and limit standards of MCs in agricultural and aquatic products will represent important research directions in the future. Standard protocols for fish sampling during harmful algal blooms or to evaluate the degree of MC toxicity in nature are lacking. In future, bioinformatics can be applied to offer insights into MC toxicology research and potential drug development for MC poisoning. Further research is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of liver function damage in combined-exposure toxicology studies to establish treatment for MC-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xinting Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meihan Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Peishuang He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Aili Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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16
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Knorr S, Weisener CG, Phillips LA. The role of agricultural drainage, storm-events, and natural filtration on the biogeochemical cycling capacity of aquatic and sediment environments in Lake Erie's drainage basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167102. [PMID: 37717759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Lake Erie is the most at risk of the Great Lakes for degraded water quality due to non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities in the lake's watershed. The extent and temporal patterns of nutrient loading from these agricultural activities is influenced by the timing of agronomic events, precipitation events, and water flow through areas of natural filtration within the watershed. Downstream impacts of these nutrient loading events may be moderated by the co-loading of functionally relevant biogeochemical cycling microbial communities from agricultural soils. This study quantified loading patterns of these communities from tile drain sources, assessed whether functional communities from agricultural sources influenced downstream microbial functionality, and investigated how distance from agricultural sources, storm events, and areas of natural filtration altered nutrient cycling and nutrient fluxes in aquatic and sediment environments. Water and sediment samples were collected in the Wigle Creek watershed in Ontario, from tile drains through to Lake Erie, from May to November 2021, and microbial nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) cycling capacity (quantitative PCR), and nutrient levels were evaluated. Results showed that N and P functional groups were co-loaded with nutrients, with increased loading occurring during storm events and during agricultural activities including fertilization and harvest. Overall functional capacity in the aquatic environment decreased with distance from the agricultural sources and as water transited through natural filtration areas. In contrast, the sediment environment was more resilient to both agricultural disturbances and abiotic factors. This study expands our understanding of when and where different stages of N and P cycling occurs in agriculturally impacted watersheds, and identifies both seasons and regions to target with nutrient mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Knorr
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - C G Weisener
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - L A Phillips
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow Research and Development Centre, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada.
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17
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Baker D, Godwin CM, Khanam M, Burtner AM, Dick GJ, Denef VJ. Variation in resource competition traits among Microcystis strains is affected by their microbiomes. MLIFE 2023; 2:401-415. [PMID: 38818269 PMCID: PMC10989160 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater harmful algal blooms are often dominated by Microcystis, a phylogenetically cohesive group of cyanobacteria marked by extensive genetic and physiological diversity. We have previously shown that this genetic diversity and the presence of a microbiome of heterotrophic bacteria influences competitive interactions with eukaryotic phytoplankton. In this study, we sought to explain these observations by characterizing Monod equation parameters for resource usage (maximum growth rate μ max, half-saturation value for growth K s, and quota) as a function of N and P levels for four strains (NIES-843, PCC 9701, PCC 7806 [WT], and PCC 7806 ΔmcyB) in presence and absence of a microbiome derived from Microcystis isolated from Lake Erie. Results indicated limited differences in maximum growth rates but more pronounced differences in half-saturation values among Microcystis strains. The largest impact of the microbiome was reducing the minimal nitrogen concentration sustaining growth and reducing half saturation values, with variable results depending on the Microcystis strain. Microcystis strains also differed from each other in their N and P quotas and the extent to which microbiome presence affected them. Our data highlight the importance of the microbiome in altering Microcystis-intrinsic traits, strain competitive hierarchies, and thus bloom dynamics. As quota, μ max, and K s are commonly used in models for harmful algal blooms, our data suggest that model improvement may be possible by incorporating genotype dependencies of resource-use parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Casey M. Godwin
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Muhtamim Khanam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ashley M. Burtner
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Vincent J. Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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18
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Pan S, Zhang W, Li Y, Gao Y, Yu F, Tang Z, Zhu Y. Unveiling novel perspectives on niche differentiation and plasticity in rhizosphere phosphorus forms of submerged macrophytes with different stoichiometric homeostasis. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120679. [PMID: 37806123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric homeostasis is the ability of organisms to maintain their element composition through various physiological mechanisms, regardless of changes in nutrient availability. Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting element for eutrophication. Submerged macrophytes with different stoichiometric homeostasis regulated sediment P pollution by nutrient resorption, but whether and how P homeostasis and resorption in submerged macrophytes changed under variable plant community structure was unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that rhizosphere microbes drive niche overlap and differentiation for different P forms to constitute submerged macrophyte community structure. However, a greater understanding of how this occurs is required. This study examined the process underlying the metabolism of different rhizosphere P forms of submerged macrophytes under different cultivation patterns by analyzing physicochemical data, basic plant traits, microbial communities, and transcriptomics. The results indicate that alkaline phosphatase serves as a key factor in revealing the existence of a link between plant traits (path coefficient = 0.335, p < 0.05) and interactions with rhizosphere microbial communities (average path coefficient = 0.362, p < 0.05). Moreover, this study demonstrates that microbial communities further influence the niche plasticity of P by mediating plant root P metabolism genes (path coefficient = 0.354, p < 0.05) and rhizosphere microbial phosphorus storage (average path coefficient = 0.605, p < 0.01). This research not only contributes to a deeper comprehension of stoichiometric homeostasis and nutrient dynamics but also provides valuable insights into potential strategies for managing and restoring submerged macrophyte-dominated ecosystems in the face of changing nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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19
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Li Z, Ma H, Hong Z, Zhang T, Cao M, Cui F, Grossart HP. Phytoplankton interspecific interactions modified by symbiotic fungi and bacterial metabolites under environmentally relevant hydrogen peroxide concentrations stress. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120739. [PMID: 37844340 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which accumulates in water and triggers oxidative stress for aquatic microbes, has been shown to have profound impacts on planktonic microbial community dynamics including cyanobacterial bloom formation. Yet, potential effects of H2O2 on interspecific relationships of phytoplankton-microbe symbiotic interactions remain unclear. Here, we investigated effects of environmentally relevant H2O2 concentrations on interspecific microbial relationships in algae-microbe symbiosis. Microbes play a crucial role in the competition between M. aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris at low H2O2 concentrations (∼400 nM), in which fungi and bacteria protect Microcystis aeruginosa from oxidative stress. Moreover, H2O2 stimulated the synthesis and release of extracellular microcystin-LR from Microcystis aeruginosa, while intracellular microcystin-LR concentrations remained at a relatively constant level. In the presence of H2O2, loss of organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids and ketones contributed to the growth of M. aeruginosa, but the reduction of vitamins inhibited it. Regulation of interspecific relationships by H2O2 is achieved by its action on fungal species and bacterial secretory metabolites. This study explored the response of phytoplankton interspecific relationships in symbiotic phytoplankton-microbe interactions to environmentally relevant H2O2 concentrations stress, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the formation of harmful-algae blooming and impact of photochemical properties of water on aquatic ecological safety and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hua Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Zhicheng Hong
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingxing Cao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, Neuglobsow 16775, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam 14469, Germany
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20
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Stark GF, Martin RM, Smith LE, Wei B, Hellweger FL, Bullerjahn GS, McKay RML, Boyer GL, Wilhelm SW. Microcystin aids in cold temperature acclimation: Differences between a toxic Microcystis wildtype and non-toxic mutant. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102531. [PMID: 37951605 PMCID: PMC10640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
For Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, temperature decreases from 26 °C to 19 °C double the microcystin quota per cell during growth in continuous culture. Here we tested whether this increase in microcystin provided M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 with a fitness advantage during colder-temperature growth by comparing cell concentration, cellular physiology, reactive oxygen species damage, and the transcriptomics-inferred metabolism to a non-toxigenic mutant strain M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 ΔmcyB. Photo-physiological data combined with transcriptomic data revealed metabolic changes in the mutant strain during growth at 19 °C, which included increased electron sinks and non-photochemical quenching. Increased gene expression was observed for a glutathione-dependent peroxiredoxin during cold treatment, suggesting compensatory mechanisms to defend against reactive oxygen species are employed in the absence of microcystin in the mutant. Our observations highlight the potential selective advantages of a longer-term defensive strategy in management of oxidative stress (i.e., making microcystin) vs the shorter-term proactive strategy of producing cellular components to actively dissipate or degrade oxidative stress agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn F Stark
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Laura E Smith
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bofan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ferdi L Hellweger
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, The University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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21
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Roberts JL, Zetterholm SG, Gurtowski L, Fernando PAI, Evans A, Puhnaty J, Wyss KM, Tour JM, Fernando B, Jenness G, Thompson A, Griggs C. Graphene as a rational interface for enhanced adsorption of microcystin-LR from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131737. [PMID: 37453354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins such as microcystin-LR (MC-LR) represent a global environmental threat to ecosystems and drinking water supplies. The study investigated the direct use of graphene as a rational interface for removal of MC-LR via interactions with the aromatic ring of the ADDA1 chain of MC-LR and the sp2 hybridized carbon network of graphene. Intra-particle diffusion model fit indicated the high mesoporosity of graphene provided significant enhancements to both adsorption capacities and kinetics when benchmarked against microporous granular activated carbon (GAC). Graphene showed superior MC-LR adsorption capacity of 75.4 mg/g (Freundlich model) compared to 0.982 mg/g (Langmuir model) for GAC. Sorption kinetic studies showed graphene adsorbs 99% of MC-LR in 30 min, compared to zero removal for GAC after 24 hr using the same MC-LR concentration. Density functional theory (DFT), calculations showed that postulated π-based interactions align well with the NMR-based experimental work used to probe primary interactions between graphene and MC-LR adduct. This study proved that π-interactions between the aromatic ring on MC-LR and graphene sp2 orbitals are a dominant interaction. With rapid kinetics and adsorption capacities much higher than GAC, it is anticipated that graphene will offer a novel molecular approach for removal of toxins and emerging contaminants with aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Roberts
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
| | - Sarah Grace Zetterholm
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Luke Gurtowski
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Pu Ashvin I Fernando
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA; Bennett Aerospace, 1 Glenwood Avenue, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA; SIMETRI, Inc. 937 S Semoran Blvd Suite 100, Winter Park, FL 32792
| | - Angela Evans
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Justin Puhnaty
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Kevin M Wyss
- Department of Chemistry, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Advanced Materials Institute, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Brianna Fernando
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Glen Jenness
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Audie Thompson
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Chris Griggs
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
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22
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Stark GF, Martin RM, Smith LE, Wei B, Hellweger FL, Bullerjahn GS, McKay RML, Boyer GL, Wilhelm SW. Cool temperature acclimation in toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and its non-toxigenic mutant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555099. [PMID: 37693631 PMCID: PMC10491114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
For Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, temperature decreases from 26° C to 19° C double the microcystin quota per cell during growth in continuous culture. Here we tested whether this increase in microcystin provided M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 with a fitness advantage during colder-temperature growth by comparing cell concentration, cellular physiology, and the transcriptomics-inferred metabolism to a non-toxigenic mutant strain M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 ΔmcyB. Photo-physiological data combined with transcriptomic data revealed metabolic changes in the mutant strain during growth at 19° C, which included increased electron sinks and non-photochemical quenching. Increased gene expression was observed for a glutathione-dependent peroxiredoxin during cold treatment, suggesting compensatory mechanisms to defend against reactive oxygen species are employed in the absence of microcystin in the mutant. Our observations highlight the potential selective advantages of a longer-term defensive strategy in management of oxidative stress (i.e., making microcystin) vs the shorter-term proactive strategy of producing cellular components to actively dissipate or degrade oxidative stress agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn F Stark
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Laura E Smith
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bofan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ferdi L Hellweger
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George S Bullerjahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - R Michael L McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, The University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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23
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Yang Y, Wang H, Yan S, Wang T, Zhang P, Zhang H, Wang H, Hansson LA, Xu J. Chemodiversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins Driven by Future Scenarios of Climate Warming and Eutrophication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11767-11778. [PMID: 37535835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and eutrophication are two environmental threats that can alter the structure of freshwater ecosystems and their service functions, but we know little about how ecosystem structure and function will evolve in future scenarios of climate warming. Therefore, we created different experimental climate scenarios, including present-day conditions, a 3.0 °C increase in mean temperature, and a "heatwaves" scenario (i.e., an increase in temperature variability) to assess the effects of climate change on phytoplankton communities under simultaneous stress from eutrophication and herbicides. We show that the effects of climate warming, particularly heatwaves, are associated with elevated cyanobacterial abundances and toxin production, driven by a change from mainly nontoxic to toxic Microcystis spp. The reason for higher cyanobacterial toxin concentrations is likely an increase in abundances because under the dual pressures of climate warming and eutrophication individual Microcystis toxin-producing ability decreased. Eutrophication and higher temperatures significantly increased the biomass of Microcystis, leading to an increase in the cyanobacterial toxin concentrations. In contrast, warming alone did not produce higher cyanobacterial abundances or cyanobacterial toxin concentrations likely due to the depletion of the available nutrient pool. Similarly, the herbicide glyphosate alone did not affect abundances of any phytoplankton taxa. In the case of nutrient enrichment, cyanobacterial toxin concentrations were much higher than under warming alone due to a strong boost in biomass of potential cyanobacterial toxin producers. From a broader perspective our study shows that in a future warmer climate, nutrient loading has to be reduced if toxic cyanobacterial dominance is to be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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24
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Chaffin JD, Westrick JA, Reitz LA, Bridgeman TB. Microcystin congeners in Lake Erie follow the seasonal pattern of nitrogen availability. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 127:102466. [PMID: 37544667 PMCID: PMC10867787 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms produce many toxic secondary metabolites called cyanotoxins. The most studied group of cyanotoxins are microcystins (MC), with over 300 congeners reported. MC-LR is the most studied congener because of its abundance and toxicity. Recent toxicology studies suggest that more hydrophobic MC congeners such as MC-LA, MC-LF, and MC-LW may be less abundant but up to seven times more toxic than MC-LR, whereas, MC-RR's toxicity is only one-fifth that of MC-LR. Hence, understanding the environmental stressors that change the MC congener profile is critical to assessing the negative impact on environmental and human health. A two-year field and experimental study investigated seasonal and spatial changes of MC congener profiles in the western basin of Lake Erie. Both studies showed that nitrogen enrichment favored the production of nitrogen-rich MC-RR (C49H75N13O12). The field study showed that nitrogen depletion favored the low-nitrogen MC-LA (C46H67N7O12). MC-LR (a medium N level, C49H75N10O12) accounted for ∼30% to 50% of the total MC concentration and was stable across nitrogen concentrations. Using the relative toxicity and concentrations of each MC congener, both LC-MS/MS and ELISA overestimated the toxicity early bloom (July) and underestimated it late bloom (September). On 24 July 2019, highly toxic MC-LW and MC-LF were detected at nearshore stations with relative toxicity exceeding drinking water standards. This study demonstrated that the less toxic, high nitrogen MC-RR dominated under nitrogen-replete conditions in the early season, whereas the more toxic, less nitrogen MC-LA dominated under nitrogen-limited conditions later in the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Chaffin
- F.T. Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant, The Ohio State University, 878 Bayview Ave. P.O. Box 119, Put-In-Bay, OH 43456, USA.
| | - Judy A Westrick
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Laura A Reitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Life Sciences Building, Bowling Green, OH 43402, USA
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25
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Yancey CE, Kiledal EA, Chaganti SR, Denef VJ, Errera RM, Evans JT, Hart LN, Isailovic D, James WS, Kharbush JJ, Kimbrel JA, Li W, Mayali X, Nitschky H, Polik CA, Powers MA, Premathilaka SH, Rappuhn NA, Reitz LA, Rivera SR, Zwiers CC, Dick GJ. The Western Lake Erie culture collection: A promising resource for evaluating the physiological and genetic diversity of Microcystis and its associated microbiome. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102440. [PMID: 37290887 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) dominated by Microcystis spp. have significant public health and economic implications in freshwater bodies around the world. These blooms are capable of producing a variety of cyanotoxins, including microcystins, that affect fishing and tourism industries, human and environmental health, and access to drinking water. In this study, we isolated and sequenced the genomes of 21 primarily unialgal Microcystis cultures collected from western Lake Erie between 2017 and 2019. While some cultures isolated in different years have a high degree of genetic similarity (genomic Average Nucleotide Identity >99%), genomic data show that these cultures also represent much of the breadth of known Microcystis diversity in natural populations. Only five isolates contained all the genes required for microcystin biosynthesis while two isolates contained a previously described partial mcy operon. Microcystin production within cultures was also assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and supported genomic results with high concentrations (up to 900 μg L⁻¹) in cultures with complete mcy operons and no or low toxin detected otherwise. These xenic cultures also contained a substantial diversity of bacteria associated with Microcystis, which has become increasingly recognized as an essential component of cyanoHAB community dynamics. These results highlight the genomic diversity among Microcystis strains and associated bacteria in Lake Erie, and their potential impacts on bloom development, toxin production, and toxin degradation. This culture collection significantly increases the availability of environmentally relevant Microcystis strains from temperate North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Yancey
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - E Anders Kiledal
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Subba Rao Chaganti
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, 4840 S State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States of America
| | - Vincent J Denef
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Reagan M Errera
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), 4840 S State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States of America
| | - Jacob T Evans
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Lauren N Hart
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - William S James
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Jenan J Kharbush
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Kimbrel
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Helena Nitschky
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Polik
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - McKenzie A Powers
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Sanduni H Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States of America
| | - Nicole A Rappuhn
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Laura A Reitz
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Sara R Rivera
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Claire C Zwiers
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America; Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, 4840 S State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States of America.
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26
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Urakawa H, Steele JH, Hancock TL, Dahedl EK, Schroeder ER, Sereda JV, Kratz MA, García PE, Armstrong RA. Interaction among spring phytoplankton succession, water discharge patterns, and hydrogen peroxide dynamics in the Caloosahatchee River in southwest Florida. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102434. [PMID: 37290882 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton communities are major primary producers in the aquatic realm and are responsible for shaping aquatic ecosystems. The dynamics of algal blooms could be determined by a succession of variable taxonomic groups, which are altered based on complex environmental factors such as nutrient availability and hydraulic factors. In-river structures potentially increase the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) by increasing water residence time and deteriorating water quality. How flowing water stimulates cell growth and affects the population dynamics of phytoplankton communities is a prioritized question that needs to be addressed for water management tactics. The goal of this study was to determine if an interaction between water flow and water chemistry is present, furthermore, to determine the relationship among phytoplankton community successions in the Caloosahatchee River, a subtropical river strongly influenced by human-controlled water discharge patterns from Lake Okeechobee. Particularly we focused on how phytoplankton community shifts influence the natural abundance of hydrogen peroxide, the most stable reactive oxygen species and a byproduct of oxidative photosynthesis. High-throughput amplicon sequencing using universal primers amplify 23S rRNA gene in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algal plastids revealed that Synechococcus and Cyanobium were the dominant cyanobacterial genera and their relative abundance ranged between 19.5 and 95.3% of the whole community throughout the monitoring period. Their relative abundance declined when the water discharge increased. On the contrary, the relative abundance of eukaryotic algae sharply increased after water discharge increased. As water temperature increased in May, initially dominant Dolichospermum decreased as Microcystis increased. When Microcystis declined other filamentous cyanobacteria such as Geitlerinema, Pseudanabaena, and Prochlorothreix increased in their relative abundances. Interestingly, a peak of extracellular hydrogen peroxide was observed when Dolichospermum dominance was ended, and M. aeruginosa numbers increased. Overall, phytoplankton communities were strongly impacted by human-induced water discharge patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Urakawa
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jacob H Steele
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Taylor L Hancock
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Dahedl
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Schroeder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Julia V Sereda
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Michael A Kratz
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Patricia E García
- Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a escala de Paisaje (GESAP), INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, Quintral 1250, CP8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Rick A Armstrong
- Lee County Environmental Laboratory, Fort Myers, FL 33907, United States of America
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Yuan H, Cai Y, Wang H, Liu E, Li Q, Zeng Q. How phoD-harboring functional microbial populations trigger the release risk of phosphorus in water sediment system of Shijiuhu Lake, China after experiencing the transseasonal shift. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120107. [PMID: 37244018 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus (P) enrichment is the critical cause of eutrophication in the lake water. Organic P (Po) mineralization processes induced by alkaline phosphatase (APase) regulated by phoD-encoding microorganisms in the lake ecosystems was still ambiguous due to the transseasonal shift of water temperatures and depths. Different P pools in the water and sediments of Shijiuhu Lake at varied seasons were measured using chemical extraction methods and solution 31P NMR. The alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the sediments were assessed together with enzyme kinetic parameters. The abundances and compositions of microbial communities encoding functional gene phoD were also obtained using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Po concentrations remarkably increased from winter toward spring when having higher water depths due to the terrigenous input and biomass deposition. Noteworthy elevation in the PO43- concentration was observed in the interstitial water during the spring, particularly at around 5 cm sediment depth with value reaching as high as 0.43 mg/L. The degradation and mineralization of momoesters and diesters with higher concentrations in the sediments of spring aggravated the PO43- load in the interstitial water. Higher APA reaching 91.6 μg/(g·h) in spring was responsible for the mineralization of Po. Remarkably upwards increasing of absolute abundance of phoD-encoding gene in spring reaching up to 2.6 times of that in winter facilitated the generation of APA in spring. Cobetia and Calothrix followed by Aquabacterium and Mitsuaria were the most abundant phoD-encoding genera with relative abundance > 4%. Weakly positive correlation between dominant bacterial genera and APA and P fractions suggested that low-abundance genera was also involved in the APA generation and Po hydrolysis. These results indicate that spring with high water temperature and depth facilitate the mineralization of Po in the sediment and increase of labile PO43- load in the water, further provide valuable information for the management of eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250359, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Bhavsar SP, Ortiz Almirall X, Marklevitz SAC, Rudman SM, Sibley PK. Cyanotoxins accumulate in Lake St. Clair fish yet their fillets are safe to eat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162381. [PMID: 36870491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consuming fish exposed to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be a major route of microcystin toxin exposure to humans. However, it remains unknown whether fish can accumulate and retain microcystins temporally in waterbodies with recurring seasonal HABs, particularly before and after a HAB event when fishing is active. We conducted a field study on Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Smallmouth Bass, Rock Bass, Walleye, White Bass, and Yellow Perch to assess the human health risks to microcystin toxicity via fish consumption. We collected 124 fish in 2016 and 2018 from Lake St. Clair, a large freshwater ecosystem in the North American Great Lakes that is actively fished pre- and post-HAB periods. Muscles were analyzed using the 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) Lemieux Oxidation method for total microcystins, which was used to perform a human health risk assessment for comparison against fish consumption advisory benchmarks available for Lake St. Clair. From this collection 35 fish livers were additionally extracted to confirm the presence of microcystins. Microcystins were detected in all livers at widely varying concentrations (1-1500 ng g-1 ww), suggesting HABs are an underappreciated and pervasive stressor to fish populations. Conversely, microcystin levels were consistently low in muscles (0-15 ng g-1 ww) and presented negligible risk, empirically supporting that fillets may be safely consumed before and after HAB events following fish consumption advisories.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen A C Marklevitz
- Lake Erie Management Unit, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Zhang Y, Lin L, Jia D, Dong L, Pan X, Liu M, Huang H, Hu Y, Crittenden JC. Inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa by H 2O 2 generated from a carbon black polytetrafluoroethylene gas diffusion electrode in electrolysis by low-amperage electric current. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121316. [PMID: 36804880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms have seriously threatened aquatic ecological environments and human health. Electrolysis by low-amperage electric current is effective for algae inactivation; however, it has no selectivity. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered to be an efficient and selective suppressor of algae. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an electrode that can generate H2O2 to improve electrolysis technology. In this study, a carbon black polytetrafluoroethylene gas diffusion electrode (C-PTFE GDE) with good stability was prepared by a simple adhesive coating method. Then, the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa was conducted with electrolysis by low-amperage electric current using Ti/RuO2 as the anode and C-PTFE GDE as the cathode. When the electrode spacing was 4 cm, the current density was 20 mA cm-2, and the gas flow was 0.4 L min-1, 85% of the algae could be inactivated in 20 min. Comparing the inactivation effect of the electric field and electrogenerated oxidants, it was found that electrolysis more rapidly and strongly inactivated algae when an electric field existed. However, electrogenerated oxidants dominated algae inactivation. The concentration of H2O2 was as high as 58 mg L-1, while the concentration of chlorines was only 0.57 mg L-1, and the generation rate of H2O2 was 65 times that of chlorines. Consequently, electrogenerated oxidants dominated by H2O2 attacked photosystem II of the algae and caused oxidative damage to membrane lipids, affecting the photosynthetic capacity. Eventually, most of the algae were inactivated. The study suggested that C-PTFE GDE was promising for the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa in this electrochemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
| | - Di Jia
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xiong Pan
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Min Liu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Huawei Huang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
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30
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Shahmohamadloo RS, Bhavsar SP, Ortiz Almirall X, Marklevitz SAC, Rudman SM, Sibley PK. Lake Erie fish safe to eat yet afflicted by algal hepatotoxins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160474. [PMID: 36481113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose serious threats to human health and instances of wildlife death have been documented across taxa. However, the extent of toxicological impacts on wildlife species is largely unresolved, raising uncertainty about the repercussions of increasingly severe HABs on the biodiversity and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we conducted a field study to assess human health risks from consuming fish caught across all stages of a HAB and to determine the pervasiveness of potentially harmful levels of the cosmopolitan toxin microcystin on fish populations. We collected 190 fish in 2015 and 2017 from Lake Erie, a large freshwater ecosystem that is highly productive for fisheries and is an epicenter of HABs and microcystin toxicity events. Fish muscles and livers were analyzed for total microcystins, which was used to conduct a human health risk assessment for comparison against fish consumption advisory benchmarks available for Lake Erie. We found microcystins pose low risks to human health from fillet consumption (mean 1.80 ng g-1 ww) but substantial risks to fish health and recruitment from liver concentrations measured well before and after seasonal bloom events (mean 460.13 ng g-1 ww). Our findings indicate HABs are a previously underappreciated but pervasive threat to fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- René S Shahmohamadloo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen A C Marklevitz
- Lake Erie Management Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 320 Milo Road, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada
| | - Seth M Rudman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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31
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Crevecoeur S, Edge TA, Watson LC, Watson SB, Greer CW, Ciborowski JJH, Diep N, Dove A, Drouillard KG, Frenken T, McKay RM, Zastepa A, Comte J. Spatio-temporal connectivity of the aquatic microbiome associated with cyanobacterial blooms along a Great Lake riverine-lacustrine continuum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1073753. [PMID: 36846788 PMCID: PMC9947797 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake Erie is subject to recurring events of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs), but measures of nutrients and total phytoplankton biomass seem to be poor predictors of cHABs when taken individually. A more integrated approach at the watershed scale may improve our understanding of the conditions that lead to bloom formation, such as assessing the physico-chemical and biological factors that influence the lake microbial community, as well as identifying the linkages between Lake Erie and the surrounding watershed. Within the scope of the Government of Canada's Genomics Research and Development Initiative (GRDI) Ecobiomics project, we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the aquatic microbiome in the Thames River-Lake St. Clair-Detroit River-Lake Erie aquatic corridor. We found that the aquatic microbiome was structured along the flow path and influenced mainly by higher nutrient concentrations in the Thames River, and higher temperature and pH downstream in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie. The same dominant bacterial phyla were detected along the water continuum, changing only in relative abundance. At finer taxonomical level, however, there was a clear shift in the cyanobacterial community, with Planktothrix dominating in the Thames River and Microcystis and Synechococcus in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie. Mantel correlations highlighted the importance of geographic distance in shaping the microbial community structure. The fact that a high proportion of microbial sequences found in the Western Basin of Lake Erie were also identified in the Thames River, indicated a high degree of connectivity and dispersal within the system, where mass effect induced by passive transport play an important role in microbial community assembly. Nevertheless, some cyanobacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) related to Microcystis, representing less than 0.1% of relative abundance in the upstream Thames River, became dominant in Lake St. Clair and Erie, suggesting selection of those ASVs based on the lake conditions. Their extremely low relative abundances in the Thames suggest additional sources are likely to contribute to the rapid development of summer and fall blooms in the Western Basin of Lake Erie. Collectively, these results, which can be applied to other watersheds, improve our understanding of the factors influencing aquatic microbial community assembly and provide new perspectives on how to better understand the occurrence of cHABs in Lake Erie and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Crevecoeur
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Sophie Crevecoeur, ✉
| | - Thomas A. Edge
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Linet Cynthia Watson
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Susan B. Watson
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Charles W. Greer
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan J. H. Ciborowski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada,Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ngan Diep
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Etobicoke, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Dove
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth G. Drouillard
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada,Cluster Nature & Society, HAS University of Applied Sciences, s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada,Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Quebec City, QC, Canada,Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Zepernick BN, Wilhelm SW, Bullerjahn GS, Paerl HW. Climate change and the aquatic continuum: A cyanobacterial comeback story. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:3-12. [PMID: 36096485 PMCID: PMC10103762 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Billions of years ago, the Earth's waters were dominated by cyanobacteria. These microbes amassed to such formidable numbers, they ushered in a new era-starting with the Great Oxidation Event-fuelled by oxygenic photosynthesis. Throughout the following eon, cyanobacteria ceded portions of their global aerobic power to new photoautotrophs with the rise of eukaryotes (i.e. algae and higher plants), which co-existed with cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Yet while cyanobacteria's ecological success story is one of the most notorious within our planet's biogeochemical history, scientists to this day still seek to unlock the secrets of their triumph. Now, the Anthropocene has ushered in a new era fuelled by excessive nutrient inputs and greenhouse gas emissions, which are again reshaping the Earth's biomes. In response, we are experiencing an increase in global cyanobacterial bloom distribution, duration, and frequency, leading to unbalanced, and in many instances degraded, ecosystems. A critical component of the cyanobacterial resurgence is the freshwater-marine continuum: which serves to transport blooms, and the toxins they produce, on the premise that "water flows downhill". Here, we identify drivers contributing to the cyanobacterial comeback and discuss future implications in the context of environmental and human health along the aquatic continuum. This Minireview addresses the overlooked problem of the freshwater to marine continuum and the effects of nutrients and toxic cyanobacterial blooms moving along these waters. Marine and freshwater research have historically been conducted in isolation and independently of one another. Yet, this approach fails to account for the interchangeable transit of nutrients and biology through and between these freshwater and marine systems, a phenomenon that is becoming a major problem around the globe. This Minireview highlights what we know and the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Zepernick
- Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - George S. Bullerjahn
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human HealthBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillMorehead CityNorth CarolinaUSA
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33
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Cai H, McLimans CJ, Beyer JE, Krumholz LR, Hambright KD. Microcystis pangenome reveals cryptic diversity within and across morphospecies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3783. [PMID: 36638170 PMCID: PMC9839332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis, a common harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxon, threatens water supplies and human health, yet species delimitation is contentious in this taxon, leading to challenges in research and management of this threat. Historical and common morphology-based classifications recognize multiple morphospecies, most with variable and diverse ecologies, while DNA sequence-based classifications indicate a single species with multiple ecotypes. To better delimit Microcystis species, we conducted a pangenome analysis of 122 genomes. Core- and non-core gene phylogenetic analyses placed 113 genomes into 23 monophyletic clusters containing at least two genomes. Overall, genome-related indices revealed that Microcystis contains at least 16 putative genospecies. Fifteen genospecies included at least one Microcystis aeruginosa morphospecies, and 10 genospecies included two or more morphospecies. This classification system will enable consistent taxonomic identification of Microcystis and thereby aid in resolving some of the complexities and controversies that have long characterized eco-evolutionary research and management of this important HAB taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Cai
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Christopher J. McLimans
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jessica E. Beyer
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lee R. Krumholz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and Institute for Energy and the Environment, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - K. David Hambright
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Geographical Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Varga E, Reid T, Mundle SOC, Weisener CG. Investigating chemical and microbial functional indicators of nutrient retention capacity in greenhouse stormwater retention ponds in southwestern Ontario, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158894. [PMID: 36155045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tributaries flowing through Leamington, Ontario are unique in the Canadian Lake Erie watershed due to the broad spatial extent of greenhouse operations, which more than doubled in size and density from 2011 to 2022. These greenhouse operations are considered to be potential nutrient point sources with respect to observed nutrient concentrations in tributaries adjacent to greenhouse stormwater retention ponds (GSWPs). Identifying causal factors of nutrient release, whether this be chemical or biological, within these ponds may be critical for mitigating their impact on the watershed and ultimately the receiving waters of Lake Erie. Specifically, phosphorus and nitrogen accumulation in freshwater ponds can contribute to environmental damage proximal to adjacent streams, serving as a potential catalyst for algal blooms and eutrophication. This study compared correlations between the water column N:P stoichiometry, sediment nutrient retention capacity, and drivers of microbial metabolism within GSWP sediments. Correlations between water column TN:TP ratios and sediment nutrient retention capacity were observed, suggesting an interplay between N and P in terms of nutrient limitation. Further, clear shifts were observed in the bacterial metabolic pathways analyzed through metatranscriptomics. Specifically, genes related to nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification, and other metabolic processes involving sulfur and methane showed differential expression depending on the condition of the respective pond (i.e., naturalized wetland vs. dredged, eutrophic pond). Collectively, this research serves to highlight the interconnected role of chemical-biological processes particularly as they relate to significant ecosystem processes such as nutrient loading and retention dynamics in impaired freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Varga
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - T Reid
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Science and Technology Branch, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 1A1, Canada
| | - S O C Mundle
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - C G Weisener
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Painefilú JC, González C, Cárcamo JG, Bianchi VA, Luquet CM. Microcystin-LR modulates multixenobiotic resistance proteins in the middle intestine of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106327. [PMID: 36274501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change favors explosive population growth events (blooms) of phytoplanktonic species, often producing toxic products, e.g., several genera of cyanobacteria synthesize a family of cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs). Freshwater fish such as the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can uptake MCs accumulated in the food chain. We studied the toxic effects and modulation of the activity and expression of multixenobiotic resistance proteins (ABCC transporters and the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the O. mykiss middle intestine by microcystin-LR (MCLR). Juvenile fish were fed with MCLR incorporated in the food every 12 h and euthanized at 12, 24, or 48 h. We estimated the ABCC-mediated transport in ex vivo intestinal strips to estimate ABCC-mediated transport activity. We measured total and reduced (GSH) glutathione contents and GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. We studied MCLR cytotoxicity by measuring protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity and lysosomal membrane stability. Finally, we examined the relationship between ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability through in vitro experiments. Dietary MCLR had a time-dependent effect on ABCC-mediated transport, from inhibition at 12 h to a significant increase after 48 h. GST activity decreased only at 12 h, and GR activity only increased at 48 h. There were no effects on GSH or total glutathione contents. MCLR inhibited PP1 activity and diminished the lysosomal membrane stability at the three experimental times. In the in vitro study, the lysosomal membrane stability decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion from 0 to 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR, while ROS production increased only at 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR. MCLR did not affect mRNA expression of abcc2 or gst-π. We conclude that MCLR modulates ABCC-mediated transport activity in O. mykiss's middle intestine in a time-dependent manner. The transport rate increase does not impair MCLR cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ictiología y Acuicultura Experimental, IPATEC (CONICET-UNCo). Quintral 1250. San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina González
- Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, Tucumán 752, 1049 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
| | - Juan G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina.
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36
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Pandey DR, Polik C, Cory RM. Controls on the photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide in Lake Erie. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2108-2118. [PMID: 36196908 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Lake Erie, toxin-forming harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur following high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Correlation between H2O2 concentrations and HABs revealed knowledge gaps on the controls of H2O2 production in Lake Erie. One way H2O2 is produced is upon absorption of sunlight by the chromophoric fraction of dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Rates of this photochemical production of H2O2 may increase in proportion to the apparent quantum yield of H2O2 (ΦH2O2,λ) from CDOM. However, the ΦH2O2,λ for H2O2 production from CDOM remains too poorly constrained to predict the magnitude and range of photochemically produced H2O2, particularly in freshwaters like Lake Erie. To address this knowledge gap, the ΦH2O2,λ was measured approximately biweekly from June-September 2019 in the western basin of Lake Erie along with supporting analyses (e.g., CDOM concentration and composition). The average ΦH2O2,λ in Lake Erie was within previously reported ranges. However, the ΦH2O2,λ varied 5-fold in space and time. The highest ΦH2O2,λ was observed in the Maumee River, a tributary of Lake Erie. In nearshore waters of Lake Erie, the ΦH2O2,λ decreased about five-fold from June through September. Integration of the controls of photochemical production of H2O2 in Lake Erie show that the variability in rates of photochemical H2O2 production was predominantly due to the ΦH2O2,λ. In offshore waters, CDOM concentration also strongly influenced photochemical H2O2 production. Together, the results confirm prior work suggesting that photochemical production of H2O2 contributes but likely cannot account for all the H2O2 associated with HABs in Lake Erie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurba Raj Pandey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, USA.
| | - Catherine Polik
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, USA.
| | - Rose M Cory
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, USA.
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Huisman J, Dittmann E, Fastner J, Schuurmans JM, Scott JT, Van de Waal DB, Visser PM, Welker M, Chorus I. Comment on “Models predict planned phosphorus load reduction will make Lake Erie more toxic”. Science 2022; 378:eadd9959. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hellweger
et al
. (Reports, 27 May 2022, pp. 1001) predict that phosphorus limitation will increase concentrations of cyanobacterial toxins in lakes. However, several molecular, physiological, and ecological mechanisms assumed in their models are poorly supported or contradicted by other studies. We conclude that their take-home message that phosphorus load reduction will make Lake Erie more toxic is seriously flawed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jutta Fastner
- Department of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97388, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dedmer B. Van de Waal
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid Chorus
- Department of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
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Hellweger FL, Schampera C, Martin RM, Eigemann F, Smith DJ, Dick GJ, Wilhelm SW. Response to Comment on “Models predict planned phosphorus load reduction will make Lake Erie more toxic”. Science 2022; 378:eade2277. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Huisman
et al
. claim that our model is poorly supported or contradicted by other studies and the predictions are “seriously flawed.” We show their criticism is based on an incomplete selection of evidence, misinterpretation of data, or does not actually refute the model. Like all ecosystem models, our model has simplifications and uncertainties, but it is better than existing approaches hat ignore biology and do not predict toxin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdi L. Hellweger
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robbie M. Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Falk Eigemann
- Water Quality Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MA
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Flanzenbaum JM, Jankowiak JG, Goleski JA, Gorney RM, Gobler CJ. Nitrogen Limitation of Intense and Toxic Cyanobacteria Blooms in Lakes within Two of the Most Visited Parks in the USA: The Lake in Central Park and Prospect Park Lake. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100684. [PMID: 36287953 PMCID: PMC9612084 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lake in Central Park (LCP) and Prospect Park Lake (PPL) in New York City (NYC), USA, are lakes within two of the most visited parks in the USA. Five years of nearshore sampling of these systems revealed extremely elevated levels of cyanobacteria and the toxin, microcystin, with microcystin levels averaging 920 µg L−1 and chlorophyll a from cyanobacterial (cyano-chla) populations averaging 1.0 × 105 µg cyano-chla L−1. Both lakes displayed elevated levels of orthophosphate (DIP) relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) during summer months when DIN:DIP ratios were < 1. Nutrient addition and dilution experiments revealed that N consistently limited cyanobacterial populations but that green algae were rarely nutrient limited. Experimental additions of public drinking water that is rich in P and, to a lesser extent N, to lake water significantly enhanced cyanobacterial growth rates in experiments during which N additions also yielded growth enhancement. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the extreme microcystin levels during blooms in these highly trafficked lakes represent a potential human and animal health threat and that supplementation of these artificial lakes with public drinking water to maintain water levels during summer may promote the intensity and N limitation of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Flanzenbaum
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Jankowiak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Goleski
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Gorney
- Division of Water, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY 12233-0001, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
- Correspondence:
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Heterotrophic Bacteria Dominate Catalase Expression during Microcystis Blooms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0254421. [PMID: 35862723 PMCID: PMC9328184 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02544-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oligotrophic oceans, key autotrophs depend on "helper" bacteria to reduce oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the extracellular environment. H2O2 is also a ubiquitous stressor in freshwaters, but the effects of H2O2 on autotrophs and their interactions with bacteria are less well understood in freshwaters. Naturally occurring H2O2 in freshwater systems is proposed to impact the proportion of microcystin-producing (toxic) and non-microcystin-producing (nontoxic) Microcystis in blooms, which influences toxin concentrations and human health impacts. However, how different strains of Microcystis respond to naturally occurring H2O2 concentrations and the microbes responsible for H2O2 decomposition in freshwater cyanobacterial blooms are unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to track the presence and expression of genes for H2O2 decomposition by microbes during a cyanobacterial bloom in western Lake Erie in the summer of 2014. katG encodes the key enzyme for decomposing extracellular H2O2 but was absent in most Microcystis cells. katG transcript relative abundance was dominated by heterotrophic bacteria. In axenic Microcystis cultures, an H2O2 scavenger (pyruvate) significantly improved growth rates of one toxic strain while other toxic and nontoxic strains were unaffected. These results indicate that heterotrophic bacteria play a key role in H2O2 decomposition in Microcystis blooms and suggest that their activity may affect the fitness of some Microcystis strains and thus the strain composition of Microcystis blooms but not along a toxic versus nontoxic dichotomy. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) threaten freshwater ecosystems globally through the production of toxins. Toxin production by cyanobacterial species and strains during CHABs varies widely over time and space, but the ecological drivers of the succession of toxin-producing species remain unclear. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is ubiquitous in natural waters, inhibits microbial growth, and may determine the relative proportions of Microcystis strains during blooms. However, the mechanisms and organismal interactions involved in H2O2 decomposition are unexplored in CHABs. This study shows that some strains of bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria benefit from detoxification of H2O2 by associated heterotrophic bacteria, which may impact bloom development.
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Xiao M, Burford MA, Wood SA, Aubriot L, Ibelings BW, Prentice MJ, Galvanese EF, Harris TD, Hamilton DP. Schindler's legacy: from eutrophic lakes to the phosphorus utilization strategies of cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6617595. [PMID: 35749580 PMCID: PMC9629505 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
David Schindler and his colleagues pioneered studies in the 1970s on the role of phosphorus in stimulating cyanobacterial blooms in North American lakes. Our understanding of the nuances of phosphorus utilization by cyanobacteria has evolved since that time. We review the phosphorus utilization strategies used by cyanobacteria, such as use of organic forms, alternation between passive and active uptake, and luxury storage. While many aspects of physiological responses to phosphorus of cyanobacteria have been measured, our understanding of the critical processes that drive species diversity, adaptation and competition remains limited. We identify persistent critical knowledge gaps, particularly on the adaptation of cyanobacteria to low nutrient concentrations. We propose that traditional discipline-specific studies be adapted and expanded to encompass innovative new methodologies and take advantage of interdisciplinary opportunities among physiologists, molecular biologists, and modellers, to advance our understanding and prediction of toxic cyanobacteria, and ultimately to mitigate the occurrence of blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Corresponding author: Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. E-mail:
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Phytoplankton Physiology and Ecology Group, Sección Limnología, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1290, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Prentice
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Elena F Galvanese
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 81531-998, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba-PR, 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS, 66047, United States
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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