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Luczkovich JJ, Sprague MW, Paerl HW. Bottom water hypoxia suppresses fish chorusing in estuariesa). J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:2014-2024. [PMID: 38470188 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia in coastal ecosystems is increasing as a result of water quality declines from nutrient pollution. Hypoxia negatively affects fish populations and marine life, limiting their spawning habitats, population size, and growth. In this study, two approaches were used to understand the effect of hypoxia on the chorusing and reproductive behavior of fishes in estuaries. One approach used a water quality meter integrated with a prototype passive acoustic recorder, developed to monitor dissolved oxygen and fish chorusing simultaneously and continuously at sites with normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a second approach, passive acoustic recorders were deployed near ambient water quality monitoring stations, monitored by the North Carolina agencies in estuaries where hypoxia occurs periodically. In both approaches, when hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 4.0 mg/L) occurred, fish chorusing was diminished or ceased. A strong correlation was observed between bottom water dissolved oxygen and the power spectral density in a 100-200 Hz frequency band associated with red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sciaenidae) calling. Passive acoustic monitoring stations and integrated passive acoustic and water quality meters should be used in estuarine hypoxia monitoring efforts to examine the expanding areas of hypoxia and its impact on fish critical spawning habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Luczkovich
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Mark W Sprague
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA
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2
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Lu Z, Cai Q, Lai S, Chen N, Huang L, Liu Y, Lei L, Gan S, Zhang L, Paerl HW, Wang F. Coupling of cylindrospermopsin and pho-harboring Verrucomicrobia supports the formation of Raphidiopsis blooms in low-phosphorus waters. Water Res 2024; 250:121010. [PMID: 38142507 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) can induce phytoplankton community to secrete alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is one of the important strategies for the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis to thrive in extremely low-phosphorus (P) waters. However, how bacterioplankton community, another major contributor to ALPs in waters, couples to Raphidiopsis through CYN, and the role of this coupling in supporting the dominance of Raphidiopsis in nature remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted microcosm experiments to address this knowledge gap, using a combination of differential filtration-based and metagenomics-based methods to identify the sources of ALPs. We found that, compared with algal-derived ALPs, bacteria-derived ALPs exhibited a more pronounced and sensitive response to CYN. This response to CYN was enhanced under low-P conditions. Interestingly, we found that Verrucomicrobia made the largest contribution to the total abundance of pho genes, which encode ALPs. Having high gene abundance of the CYN-sensing PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, Verrucomicrobia's proportion increased with higher concentrations of CYN under low-P conditions, thereby explaining the observed increase in pho gene abundance. Compared with other cyanobacterial genera, Raphidiopsis had a higher abundance of the pst gene. This suggests that Raphidiopsis exhibited a greater capacity to uptake the inorganic P generated by ALPs secreted by other organisms. Overall, our results reveal the mechanism of CYN-induced ALP secretion and its impact on planktonic P-cycling, and provide valuable insights into the role of CYN in supporting the formation of Raphidiopsis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Qijia Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Shuyan Lai
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Lincheng Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China.
| | - Shuchai Gan
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, USA
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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3
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Preece EP, Cooke J, Plaas H, Sabo A, Nelson L, Paerl HW. Managing a cyanobacteria harmful algae bloom "hotspot" in the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta, California. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119606. [PMID: 38081090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) have become a persistent seasonal problem in the upper San Francisco Estuary, California also known as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta). The Delta is comprised of a complex network of open water bodies, channels, and sloughs. The terminus of the Stockton Channel is an area identified as a CHAB "hotspot." As CHABs increase in severity, there is an urgent need to better understand CHAB drivers to identify and implement mitigation measures that can be used in an estuarine complex like the Delta. We investigated water quality conditions and nutrient dynamics in the Stockton Channel by measuring nutrients in the water column, sediments, and pore waters. In situ nutrient addition bioassay experiments were used to assess the effects of nutrient enrichment on total algal/cyanobacterial growth and pigment concentrations. In both June and September, relative to unamended controls, total chlorophyll and cyanobacterial pigment concentrations were unaffected by nutrient additions; hence, the study area showed signs of classical hypereutrophication, with ambient nitrogen and phosphorus present in excess of algal growth requirements. A cyanobacterial bloom, dominated by Microcystis spp. was present throughout the study area but was most severe and persistent at the shallowest site at the channel terminus. At this site, Microcystis spp. created water quality conditions that allowed for a prolonged bloom from June through September. While targeted nutrient reductions are recommended for long term mitigation, on a shorter timescale, our findings suggest that physical/mechanical controls are the more promising alternative approaches to reduce the severity of CHABs in the terminus of the Stockton Channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P Preece
- California Department of Water Resources, 3500 Industrial Blvd, West Sacramento, CA, 95691, USA; Robertson-Bryan, Inc., 3100 Zinfandel Dr., Suite 300, Rancho Cordova, CA, 95670, USA.
| | - Janis Cooke
- Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, 11020 Sun Center Drive, #200, Rancho Cordova, CA, 95670, USA
| | - Haley Plaas
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Alexandrea Sabo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Leah Nelson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, City, NC, 28557, USA
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4
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Van de Waal DB, Gsell AS, Harris T, Paerl HW, de Senerpont Domis LN, Huisman J. Hot summers raise public awareness of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Water Res 2024; 249:120817. [PMID: 38086207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Water quality of eutrophic lakes is threatened by harmful cyanobacterial blooms, which are favored by summer heatwaves and expected to intensify with global warming. Societal demands on surface water for drinking, irrigation and recreation are also highest in summer, especially during dry and warm conditions. Here, we analyzed trends in online searches to investigate how public awareness of cyanobacterial blooms is impacted by temperature in nine different countries over almost twenty years. Our findings reveal large seasonal and interannual variation, with more online searches for harmful cyanobacteria in temperate regions during hot summers. Online searches and media attention increased even more steeply with temperature than the incidence of cyanobacterial blooms, presumably because lakes attract more people during warm weather. Overall, our study indicates that warmer summers not only increase cyanobacterial bloom incidence, but also lead to a pronounced increase of the public awareness of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ted Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, Lawrence, KS 66047 United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Pervasive systems group, Faculty of electrical engineering, mathematics and computer science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information science and Earth observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Ma J, Chen Q, Wu X, Paerl HW, Brookes JD, Li G, Zeng Y, Wang J, Chen J, Qin B. Relationship between anthropogenic factors and freshwater quality in Hainan Province, south China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92379-92389. [PMID: 37488385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Water resource security directly or indirectly affects the development of society, economy, and the environment, and is of massive significance for regional sustainable development. This study addresses whether anthropogenic activities, especially from tourism, significantly affect the freshwater quality in Hainan Province, China. The freshwater quality in Hainan Province was generally good in 2012 to 2015 (at level II, GB3838-2002). Agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry, and chemical oxygen demand discharge mainly affect freshwater quality in the Nandu and Changhua rivers. Water quality in Wanquan River is more susceptible to tourism in comparison with the Nandu and Changhua rivers. DO content in the Wanquan River fluctuated greatly. It remains necessary to closely monitor negative changes in water quality due to increasing tourism, especially in Wanquan River and eastern Hainan Province. The developed radial basis function neural network shows that the changes in water quality are predicted accurately in comparison with experimental values in the present study. Our results suggested that current anthropogenic factors had a modest effect on water quality on Hainan Island, while tourism had a perceptible effect in eastern Hainan. Our findings provide a reference for the interplay of water quality, people's livelihood, and economic development (tourism and port construction) in Hainan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Wu
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Justin D Brookes
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Guangyu Li
- Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Guo YM, Xu C, Chen L, Codd GA, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang PZ, Yang LW, Zhou L, Li Y, Xiao SM, Wang HJ, Paerl HW, Jeppesen E, Xie P. Meta-analysis reveals cyanotoxins risk across African inland waters. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131160. [PMID: 36907061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global eutrophication and climate warming exacerbate production of cyanotoxins such as microcystins (MCs), presenting risks to human and animal health. Africa is a continent suffering from severe environmental crises, including MC intoxication, but with very limited understanding of the occurrence and extent of MCs. By analysing 90 publications from 1989 to 2019, we found that in various water bodies where MCs have been detected so far, the concentrations were 1.4-2803 times higher than the WHO provisional guideline for human lifetime exposure via drinking water (1 µg/L) in 12 of 15 African countries where data were available. MCs were relatively high in the Republic of South Africa (averaged 2803 μg/L) and Southern Africa as a whole (702 μg/L) when compared to other regions. Values were higher in reservoirs (958 μg/L) and lakes (159 μg/L) than in other water types, and much higher in temperate (1381 μg/L) than in arid (161 μg/L) and tropical (4 μg/L) zones. Highly significant positive relationships were found between MCs and planktonic chlorophyll a. Further assessment revealed high ecological risk for 14 of the 56 water bodies, with half used as human drinking water sources. Recognizing the extremely high MCs and exposure risk in Africa, we recommend routine monitoring and risk assessment of MCs be prioritized to ensure safe water use and sustainability in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pu-Ze Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Wei Yang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shi-Man Xiao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, 33731, Turkey
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Zhang J, Shi K, Paerl HW, Rühland KM, Yuan Y, Wang R, Chen J, Ge M, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Qin B, Liu J, Smol JP. Ancient DNA reveals potentially toxic cyanobacteria increasing with climate change. Water Res 2023; 229:119435. [PMID: 36481704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater systems are a global threat to human and aquatic ecosystem health, exhibiting particularly harmful effects when toxin-producing taxa are present. While climatic change and nutrient over-enrichment control the global expansion of total cyanobacterial blooms, it remains unknown to what extent this expansion reflected cyanobacterial assemblage due to the scarcity of long-term monitoring data. Here we use high-throughput sequencing of sedimentary DNA to track ∼100 years of changes in cyanobacterial community in hyper-eutrophic Lake Taihu, China's third largest freshwater lake and the key water source for ∼30 million people. A steady increase in the abundance of Microcystis (as potential toxin producers) during the past thirty years was correlated with increasing temperatures and declining wind speeds, but not with temporal trends in lakewater nutrient concentrations, highlighting recent climate effects on potentially increasing toxin-producing taxa. The socio-environmental repercussions of these findings are worrisome as continued anthropogenic climate change may counteract nutrient amelioration efforts in this critical freshwater resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhang
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China; Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Kathleen M Rühland
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yanli Yuan
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengjuan Ge
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jianbao Liu
- Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation (ALPHA), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - John P Smol
- Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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8
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Zepernick BN, Wilhelm SW, Bullerjahn GS, Paerl HW. Climate change and the aquatic continuum: A cyanobacterial comeback story. Environ Microbiol Rep 2023; 15:3-12. [PMID: 36096485 PMCID: PMC10103762 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Billions of years ago, the Earth's waters were dominated by cyanobacteria. These microbes amassed to such formidable numbers, they ushered in a new era-starting with the Great Oxidation Event-fuelled by oxygenic photosynthesis. Throughout the following eon, cyanobacteria ceded portions of their global aerobic power to new photoautotrophs with the rise of eukaryotes (i.e. algae and higher plants), which co-existed with cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Yet while cyanobacteria's ecological success story is one of the most notorious within our planet's biogeochemical history, scientists to this day still seek to unlock the secrets of their triumph. Now, the Anthropocene has ushered in a new era fuelled by excessive nutrient inputs and greenhouse gas emissions, which are again reshaping the Earth's biomes. In response, we are experiencing an increase in global cyanobacterial bloom distribution, duration, and frequency, leading to unbalanced, and in many instances degraded, ecosystems. A critical component of the cyanobacterial resurgence is the freshwater-marine continuum: which serves to transport blooms, and the toxins they produce, on the premise that "water flows downhill". Here, we identify drivers contributing to the cyanobacterial comeback and discuss future implications in the context of environmental and human health along the aquatic continuum. This Minireview addresses the overlooked problem of the freshwater to marine continuum and the effects of nutrients and toxic cyanobacterial blooms moving along these waters. Marine and freshwater research have historically been conducted in isolation and independently of one another. Yet, this approach fails to account for the interchangeable transit of nutrients and biology through and between these freshwater and marine systems, a phenomenon that is becoming a major problem around the globe. This Minireview highlights what we know and the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Zepernick
- Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - George S. Bullerjahn
- NIEHS/NSF Great Lakes Center for Fresh Waters and Human HealthBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillMorehead CityNorth CarolinaUSA
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9
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Thompson PA, Paerl HW, Campbell L, Yin K, McDonald KS. Tropical cyclones: what are their impacts on phytoplankton ecology? J Plankton Res 2023; 45:180-204. [PMID: 36751483 PMCID: PMC9897026 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the passage of a tropical cyclone (TC) the changes in temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration, water clarity, pigments and phytoplankton taxa were assessed at 42 stations from eight sites ranging from the open ocean, through the coastal zone and into estuaries. The impacts of the TC were estimated relative to the long-term average (LTA) conditions as well as before and after the TC. Over all sites the most consistent environmental impacts associated with TCs were an average 41% increase in turbidity, a 13% decline in salinity and a 2% decline in temperature relative to the LTA. In the open ocean, the nutrient concentrations, cyanobacteria and picoeukaryote abundances increased at depths between 100 and 150 m for up to 3 months following a TC. While at the riverine end of coastal estuaries, the predominate short-term response was a strong decline in salinity and phytoplankton suggesting these impacts were initially dominated by advection. The more intermediate coastal water-bodies generally experienced declines in salinity, significant reductions in water clarity, plus significant increases in nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton abundance. These intermediate waters typically developed dinoflagellate, diatom or cryptophyte blooms that elevated phytoplankton biomass for 1-3 months following a TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Thompson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 4-5 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, 7000, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, MS-3146, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kedong Yin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), and School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Road 2, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Karlie S McDonald
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 15-21 Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, 7053, Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Plaas HE, Paerl RW, Baumann K, Karl C, Popendorf KJ, Barnard MA, Chang NY, Curtis NP, Huang H, Mathieson OL, Sanchez J, Maizel DJ, Bartenfelder AN, Braddy JS, Hall NS, Rossignol KL, Sloup R, Paerl HW. Harmful cyanobacterial aerosolization dynamics in the airshed of a eutrophic estuary. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158383. [PMID: 36057302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, the environmental controls on CHAB-derived aerosol and its potential public health impacts remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to 1) investigate the occurrence of microcystins (MC) and putatively toxic cyanobacterial communities in particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), 2) elucidate environmental conditions promoting their aerosolization, and 3) identify associations between CHABs and PM2.5 concentrations in the airshed of the Chowan River-Albemarle Sound, an oligohaline, eutrophic estuary in eastern North Carolina, USA. In summer 2020, during peak CHAB season, continuous PM2.5 samples and interval water samples were collected at two distinctive sites for targeted analyses of cyanobacterial community composition and MC concentration. Supporting air and water quality measurements were made in parallel to contextualize findings and permit statistical analyses of environmental factors driving changes in CHAB-derived aerosol. MC concentrations were low throughout the study, but a CHAB dominated by Dolichospermum occurred from late June to early August. Several aquatic CHAB genera recovered from Chowan River surface water were identified in PM2.5 during multiple time points, including Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Pseudanabaena. Cyanobacterial enrichment in PM2.5 was indistinctive between subspecies, but at one site during the early bloom, we observed the simultaneous enrichment of several cyanobacterial genera in PM2.5. In association with the CHAB, the median PM2.5 mass concentration increased to 8.97 μg m-3 (IQR = 5.15), significantly above the non-bloom background of 5.35 μg m-3 (IQR = 3.70) (W = 1835, p < 0.001). Results underscore the need for highly resolved temporal measurements to conclusively investigate the role that CHABs play in regional air quality and respiratory health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Ryan W Paerl
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Karsten Baumann
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Colleen Karl
- Chowan Edenton Environmental Group, PO Box 271, Tyner, NC 27980, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J Popendorf
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A Barnard
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Naomi Y Chang
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel P Curtis
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Hwa Huang
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Olivia L Mathieson
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Joel Sanchez
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Daniela J Maizel
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Amy N Bartenfelder
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Jeremy S Braddy
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Nathan S Hall
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Karen L Rossignol
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Randolph Sloup
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Hans W Paerl
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
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11
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Zepernick BN, Niknejad DJ, Stark GF, Truchon AR, Martin RM, Rossignol KL, Paerl HW, Wilhelm SW. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses of the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis to elevated pH conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1044464. [PMID: 36504786 PMCID: PMC9732472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxin-producing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., can increase water column pH. While the effect(s) of these basified conditions on the bloom formers are a high research priority, how these pH shifts affect other biota remains understudied. Recently, it was shown these high pH levels decrease growth and Si deposition rates in the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis and natural Lake Erie (Canada-US) diatom populations. However, the physiological mechanisms and transcriptional responses of diatoms associated with these observations remain to be documented. Here, we examined F. crotonensis with a set of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic tools to identify cellular responses to high pH. We suggest 2 potential mechanisms that may contribute to morphological and physiological pH effects observed in F. crotonensis. Moreover, we identified a significant upregulation of mobile genetic elements in the F. crotonensis genome which appear to be an extreme transcriptional response to this abiotic stress to enhance cellular evolution rates-a process we have termed "genomic roulette." We discuss the ecological and biogeochemical effects high pH conditions impose on fresh waters and suggest a means by which freshwater diatoms such as F. crotonensis may evade high pH stress to survive in a "basified" future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Niknejad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gwendolyn F. Stark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alexander R. Truchon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Robbie M. Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karen L. Rossignol
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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12
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Mack L, de la Hoz CF, Penk M, Piggott J, Crowe T, Hering D, Kaijser W, Aroviita J, Baer J, Borja A, Clark DE, Fernández-Torquemada Y, Kotta J, Matthaei CD, O'Beirn F, Paerl HW, Sokolowski A, Vilmi A, Birk S. Perceived multiple stressor effects depend on sample size and stressor gradient length. Water Res 2022; 226:119260. [PMID: 36279611 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors are continuously deteriorating surface waters worldwide, posing many challenges for their conservation and restoration. Combined effect types of multiple stressors range from single-stressor dominance to complex interactions. Identifying prevalent combined effect types is critical for environmental management, as it helps to prioritise key stressors for mitigation. However, it remains unclear whether observed single and combined stressor effects reflect true ecological processes unbiased by sample size and length of stressor gradients. Therefore, we examined the role of sample size and stressor gradient lengths in 158 paired-stressor response cases with over 120,000 samples from rivers, lakes, transitional and marine ecosystems around the world. For each case, we split the overall stressor gradient into two partial gradients (lower and upper) and investigated associated changes in single and combined stressor effects. Sample size influenced the identified combined effect types, and stressor interactions were less likely for cases with fewer samples. After splitting gradients, 40 % of cases showed a change in combined effect type, 30 % no change, and 31 % showed a loss in stressor effects. These findings suggest that identified combined effect types may often be statistical artefacts rather than representing ecological processes. In 58 % of cases, we observed changes in stressor effect directions after the gradient split, suggesting unimodal stressor effects. In general, such non-linear responses were more pronounced for organisms at higher trophic levels. We conclude that observed multiple stressor effects are not solely determined by ecological processes, but also strongly depend on sampling design. Observed effects are likely to change when sample size and/or gradient length are modified. Our study highlights the need for improved monitoring programmes with sufficient sample size and stressor gradient coverage. Our findings emphasize the importance of adaptive management, as stress reduction measures or further ecosystem degradation may change multiple stressor-effect relationships, which will then require associated changes in management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Mack
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany.
| | - Camino Fernández de la Hoz
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain; Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcin Penk
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Tasman Crowe
- Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Hering
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Willem Kaijser
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan Baer
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg, Langenargen, Germany
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain; Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, USA
| | - Adam Sokolowski
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Annika Vilmi
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Oulu, Finland
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Faculty of Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen D-45141, Germany
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13
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Lu Z, Ye J, Chen Z, Xiao L, Lei L, Han BP, Paerl HW. Cyanophycin accumulated under nitrogen-fluctuating and high-nitrogen conditions facilitates the persistent dominance and blooms of Raphidiopsis raciborskii in tropical waters. Water Res 2022; 214:118215. [PMID: 35228039 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient storage is considered a critical strategy for algal species to adapt to a fluctuating nutrient supply. Luxury phosphorus (P) uptake into storage of polyphosphate extends the duration of cyanobacterial dominance and their blooms under P deficiency. However, it is unclear whether nitrogen (N) storage in the form of cyanophycin supports persistent cyanobacterial dominance or blooms in the tropics where N deficiency commonly occurs in summer. In this study, we examined genes for cyanophycin synthesis and degradation in Raphidiopsis raciborskii, a widespread and dominant cyanobacterium in tropical waters; and detected the cyanophycin accumulation under fluctuating N concentrations and its ecological role in the population dynamics of the species. The genes for cyanophycin synthesis (cphA) and degradation (cphB) were highly conserved in 21 out of 23 Raphidiopsis strains. This suggested that the synthesis and degradation of cyanophycin are evolutionarily conserved to support the proliferation of R. raciborskii in N-fluctuating and/or deficient conditions. Isotope 15N-NaNO3 labeling experiments showed that R. raciborskii QDH7 always commenced to synthesize and accumulate cyanophycin under fluctuating N conditions, regardless of whether exogenous N was deficient. When the NO3--N concentration exceeded 1.2 mg L-1, R. raciborskii synthesized cyanophycin primarily through uptake of 15N-NaNO3. However, when the NO3--N concentration was below 1.0 mg L-1, cyanophycin-based N was derived from unlabeled N2, as evidenced by increased dinitrogenase activity. Cells grown under NO3--N < 1.0 mg L-1 had lower cyanophycin accumulation rates than cells grown under NO3--N > 1.2 mg L-1. Our field investigation in a large tropical reservoir underscored the association between cyanophycin content and the population dynamics of R. raciborskii. The cyanophycin content was high in N-sufficient (NO3--N > 0.45 mg L-1) periods, and decreased in N-deficient summer. In summer, R. raciborskii sustained a relatively high biomass and produced few heterocysts (< 1%). These findings indicated that cyanophycin-released N, rather than fixed N, supported persistent R. raciborskii blooms in N-deficient seasons. Our study suggests that the highly adaptive strategy in a N2-fixing cyanobacterial species makes mitigating its bloom more difficult than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Ye
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, United States of America
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14
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Fang C, Song K, Paerl HW, Jacinthe PA, Wen Z, Liu G, Tao H, Xu X, Kutser T, Wang Z, Duan H, Shi K, Shang Y, Lyu L, Li S, Yang Q, Lyu D, Mao D, Zhang B, Cheng S, Lyu Y. Global divergent trends of algal blooms detected by satellite during 1982-2018. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2327-2340. [PMID: 34995391 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms (ABs) in inland lakes have caused adverse ecological effects, and health impairment of animals and humans. We used archived Landsat images to examine ABs in lakes (>1 km2 ) around the globe over a 37-year time span (1982-2018). Out of the 176032 lakes with area >1 km2 detected globally, 863 were impacted by ABs, 708 had sufficiently long records to define a trend, and 66% exhibited increasing trends in frequency ratio (FRQR, ratio of the number of ABs events observed in a year in a given lake to the number of available Landsat images for that lake) or area ratio (AR, ratio of annual maximum area covered by ABs observed in a lake to the surface area of that lake), while 34% showed a decreasing trend. Across North America, an intensification of ABs severity was observed for FRQR (p < .01) and AR (p < .01) before 1999, followed by a decrease in ABs FRQR (p < .01) and AR (p < .05) after the 2000s. The strongest intensification of ABs was observed in Asia, followed by South America, Africa, and Europe. No clear trend was detected for the Oceania. Across climatic zones, the contributions of anthropogenic factors to ABs intensification (16.5% for fertilizer, 19.4% for gross domestic product, and 18.7% for population) were slightly stronger than climatic drivers (10.1% for temperature, 11.7% for wind speed, 16.8% for pressure, and for 11.6% for rainfall). Collectively, these divergent trends indicate that consideration of anthropogenic factors as well as climate change should be at the forefront of management policies aimed at reducing the severity and frequency of ABs in inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
- Faculty of infrastructure engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pierre-Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tiit Kutser
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Zongming Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Duan
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Dehua Mao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunfeng Lyu
- School of Geographic Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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15
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Xu H, Qin B, Paerl HW, Peng K, Zhang Q, Zhu G, Zhang Y. Corrigendum to "Environmental controls of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in Chinese inland waters". Harmful Algae 2022; 113:102190. [PMID: 35287931 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Kai Peng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qingji Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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16
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Xu H, Qin B, Paerl HW, Peng K, Zhang Q, Zhu G, Zhang Y. Environmental controls of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in Chinese inland waters. Harmful Algae 2021; 110:102127. [PMID: 34887007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) are expanding world-wide, adversely affecting aquatic food production, recreational and tourism activities and safe drinking water supplies. China's inland waters have been increasingly threatened by CyanoHABs during the past several decades. The environmental factors controlling CyanoHABs are highly variable in space and time in China due to significant variations in climate, geography, geological and geochemical conditions among its many regions. Here, we synthesize diverse examples among Chinese water bodies regarding interactive effects of anthropogenic, climatic and geographic drivers influencing CyanoHAB potentials and dynamics in lakes and reservoirs; in order to provide a perspective and integrative approach to mitigating CyanoHABs. In China's many shallow water bodies, water quality is highly susceptible to human activity and to changing climatic and hydrological conditions, when compared to deeper lakes. Rapid increases in population, economic activity, and wastewater have accelerated CyanoHABs in China since 1980s, especially in the heavily urbanized, agricultural and industrial regions in the middle and lower Yangtze River basins. Climatic changes have provided an additional catalyst for expansion of CyanoHABs. In particular, rising spring temperatures have accelerated the onset and proliferation of Microcystis spp, blooms in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River basin. Large hydroelectric and water supply projects, like the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), have altered hydrological regimes, and have led to an increase of CyanoHABs in reservoirs and tributaries due to increases in water residence times. Manipulating water level fluctuations in the TGR may prove useful for controlling CyanoHAB in its tributary bays. Overall,CyanoHAB mitigation strategies will have to incorporate both N and P input reductions in these shallow systems. Furthermore, nutrient reduction strategies must consider climate change-induced increases in extreme weather events, including more intense rainfall and protracted heat waves and droughts, which can extend the magnitudes and duration of CyanoHABs. Ensuring the maintenance of natural hydrologic connectivity between lakes and rivers is of utmost importance in mitigating CyanoHABs throughout China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Kai Peng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qingji Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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17
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Deng J, Zhu G, Liu J, Hamilton DP, Paerl HW, Brookes JD, Wu T, Peng K, Yao Y, Ding K, Ji X. Polluted lake restoration to promote sustainability in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab207. [PMID: 35070333 PMCID: PMC8776540 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Institute Co. Ltd., China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- College of the Environment, Hohai University, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC), China
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18
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Christensen NL, Cunningham PA, Matthews K, Anderson IC, Brush MJ, Cohen S, Currin CA, Ensign S, Hall NS, Halpin PN, Kirwan ML, McNinch JR, Paerl HW, Piehler MF, Rodriguez AB, Tobias CR, Walters JR. Ecosystem-based management for military training, biodiversity, carbon storage and climate resiliency on a complex coastal land/water-scape. J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111755. [PMID: 33334629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) was a 10-year multi-investigator project funded by the Department of Defense to improve understanding of ecosystem processes and their interactions with natural and anthropogenic stressors at the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL) located in coastal North Carolina. The project was aimed at facilitating ecosystem-based management (EBM) at the MCBCL and other coastal military installations. Because of its scope, interdisciplinary character, and duration, DCERP embodied many of the opportunities and challenges associated with EBM, including the need for explicit goals, system models, long-term perspectives, systems complexity, change inevitability, consideration of humans as ecosystem components, and program adaptability and accountability. We describe key elements of this program, its contributions to coastal EBM, and its relevance as an exemplar of EBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iris C Anderson
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Mark J Brush
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Susan Cohen
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Carolyn A Currin
- Southern Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Beaufort, NC, United States
| | - Scott Ensign
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, United States
| | - Nathan S Hall
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Patrick N Halpin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew L Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Michael F Piehler
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Antonio B Rodriguez
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Craig R Tobias
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, CT, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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19
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Abstract
The global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) poses an increasing threat to public health. CyanoHABs are characterized by the production of toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Human exposure to cyanotoxins is challenging to forecast, and perhaps the least understood exposure route is via inhalation. While the aerosolization of toxins from marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been well documented, the aerosolization of cyanotoxins in freshwater systems remains understudied. In recent years, spray aerosol (SA) produced in the airshed of the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States and Canada) has been characterized, suggesting that freshwater systems may impact atmospheric aerosol loading more than previously understood. Therefore, further investigation regarding the impact of CyanoHABs on human respiratory health is warranted. This review examines current research on the incorporation of cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins into SA of aquatic ecosystems which experience HABs. We present an overview of cyanotoxin fate in the environment, biological incorporation into SA, existing data on cyanotoxins in SA, relevant collection methods, and adverse health outcomes associated with cyanotoxin inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
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20
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Paerl RW, Venezia RE, Sanchez JJ, Paerl HW. Picophytoplankton dynamics in a large temperate estuary and impacts of extreme storm events. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22026. [PMID: 33328574 PMCID: PMC7744581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Picophytoplankton (PicoP) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass in coastal and estuarine systems. Remarkably though, PicoP composition is unknown or not well-resolved in several large estuaries including the semi-lagoonal Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a tributary of the second largest estuary-system in the lower USA, the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound. The NRE is impacted by extreme weather events, including recent increases in precipitation and flooding associated with tropical cyclones. Here we examined the impacts of moderate to extreme (Hurricane Florence, September 2018) precipitation events on NRE PicoP abundances and composition using flow cytometry, over a 1.5 year period. Phycocyanin-rich Synechococcus-like cells were the most dominant PicoP, reaching ~ 106 cells mL-1, which highlights their importance as key primary producers in this relatively long residence-time estuary. Ephemeral "blooms" of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (PEUK) during spring and after spikes in river flow were also detected, making PEUK periodically major contributors to PicoP biomass (up to ~ 80%). About half of the variation in PicoP abundance was explained by measured environmental variables. Temperature explained the most variation (24.5%). Change in total dissolved nitrogen concentration, an indication of increased river discharge, explained the second-most variation in PicoP abundance (15.9%). The short-term impacts of extreme river discharge from Hurricane Florence were particularly evident as PicoP biomass was reduced by ~ 100-fold for more than 2 weeks. We conclude that precipitation is a highly influential factor on estuarine PicoP biomass and composition, and show how 'wetter' future climate conditions will have ecosystem impacts down to the smallest of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Paerl
- Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8208, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Venezia
- Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8208, USA
| | - Joel J Sanchez
- Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8208, USA
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
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21
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Paerl HW. Tackling Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms with Chinese Colleagues: We're All in the Same Boat. J Phycol 2020; 56:1398-1403. [PMID: 33460090 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) are a rapidly proliferating global problem, threatening the use and sustainability of our freshwater resources. In recent decades, the United States, China, and other developed and developing countries threatened by CyanoHAB expansion have established collaborative efforts aimed at mitigating and managing this environmental and human health problem. However, an escalating negative political climate and restrictive policies on scientific exchange threaten these efforts. In this Perspective, I point to progress that has been made to counter the CyanoHAB problem on U.S.-Chinese fronts through our collaborations, which have been mutually beneficial from research and academic perspectives. Much like global efforts now needed to control pandemics, we are all "in the same boat" when to comes to countering the threat CyanoHABs pose for drinkable, swimmable, and fishable freshwater supplies and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, USA
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22
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Li Y, Nwankwegu AS, Huang Y, Norgbey E, Paerl HW, Acharya K. Evaluating the phytoplankton, nitrate, and ammonium interactions during summer bloom in tributary of a subtropical reservoir. J Environ Manage 2020; 271:110971. [PMID: 32579524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rational eutrophication management largely depends on the knowledge of the dynamics in the dissolved inorganic nutrients especially nitrogen forms which trigger exponential primary productivity in eutrophic systems. The present study investigated the phytoplankton interactions with the dissolved N forms, nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) in a sub-tropical Yangtze River tributary, China vulnerable to multiple anthropogenic stressors following the impoundment of the largest hydraulic structure, the Three Gorges Dam. Results indicated strong NO3 inhibition by the low NH4 pool exerting toxic effects on the major phytoplankton groups, particularly the Bacilliariophyta (relative abundance < 1%) while significant Cyanophyta proliferation prevailed (relative abundance ≥ 90%). Strong N limitation exacerbated by NH4 deficit and P replete condition characterizes the summer bloom in the tributary. The biomass attenuation kinetics revealed significantly fast NH4 metabolism, half-life (t1/2= 1.4 d, K = 0.00750 ± 0.004 d-1) as the first-order rate adequately fitted into the experimental data although, the second-order rate also demonstrated considerable goodness of fit. The growth responses induced by the Si enrichment potentially suggested possible secondary limitation by Si with the likelihood of intensification should the ecosystem phytoplankton community dominance shifts from Cyanophyta to the Bacilliariophyta. The response of P enrichment on growth was attributed to luxury consumption rather than limitation as responses only became significant towards the end of the study. The study, therefore, presents the first report of biomass ageing rate worthy of incorporation into the recent bloom management protocol for the development of predictive ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Amechi S Nwankwegu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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23
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Nwankwegu AS, Li Y, Huang Y, Wei J, Norgbey E, Ji D, Pu Y, Nuamah LA, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Paerl HW. Nitrate repletion during spring bloom intensifies phytoplankton iron demand in Yangtze River tributary, China. Environ Pollut 2020; 264:114626. [PMID: 32387673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most aquatic systems show characteristic seasonal fluctuations in the total nutrient pool supporting primary productivity. The nutrient dynamics essentially exacerbate critical demand for the counterpart micronutrients towards achieving ecosystem equilibrium. Herein, the phytoplankton demand for iron (Fe) uptake under high concentration of nitrate-nitrogen during spring in Xiangxi Bay, China, was studied. Our result confirmed that significant Fe concentrations (P = 0.01) in both autumn (0.62 ± 0.02 mgL-1) and winter (0.06 ± 0.03 mgL-1) relative to spring (0.004 ± 0.01 mgL-1) are linked to the low NO3-N paradigms during autumn and winter. As NO3-N showed a sharp increase in spring, a dramatic reduction in the Fe pool was observed in the entire tributary, driving the system to a critical Fe limited condition. Bioassay study involving Fe additions both alone and in combinations led to maximum growth stimulation with biomass as chla (16.44 ± 0.82 μgL-1) and phytoplankton cell density (6.75 × 106 cellsL-1) which differed significantly (P = 0.03) with the control. Further, the study demonstrated that Fe additions triggered biomass productions which increased linearly with cell densities. The P alone addition caused biomass production (15.26 ± 2.51 μgL-1) greater than both NO3-N (9.15 ± 0.66 μgL-1) and NH4+N (13.65 ± 1.68 μgL-1) separate additions but reported a low aggregate cell density (3.18 × 106 cellsL-1). This indicates that nutrient and taxonomic characteristics e.g., high cell pigment contents rather than just the cell bio-volume also determine biomass. The Bacilliarophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cryptophyta with the total extinction of Cyanophyta characterized the bloom in spring. The anthropogenic NO3-N input into XXB would have driven to higher NO3-N than NH4+N situation, and incapacitated the Cyanophyta that preferentially utilize NH4+N. Our study provides a useful report for incorporation into the monitoring programs for prudent management of phytoplankton bloom and pollution across the eutrophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amechi S Nwankwegu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Daobin Ji
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yashuai Pu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Linda A Nuamah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Nanjing Hohai Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
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24
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Paerl HW, Barnard MA. Mitigating the global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Moving targets in a human- and climatically-altered world. Harmful Algae 2020; 96:101845. [PMID: 32560828 PMCID: PMC7334832 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are a major threat to human and environmental health. As global proliferation of CyanoHABs continues to increase in prevalence, intensity, and toxicity, it is important to identify and integrate the underlying causes and controls of blooms in order to develop effective short- and long-term mitigation strategies. Clearly, nutrient input reductions should receive high priority. Legacy effects of multi-decadal anthropogenic eutrophication have altered limnetic systems such that there has been a shift from exclusive phosphorus (P) limitation to nitrogen (N) limitation and N and P co-limitation. Additionally, climate change is driving CyanoHAB proliferation through increasing global temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, including more extreme rainfall events and protracted droughts. These scenarios have led to the "perfect storm scenario"; increases in pulsed nutrient loading events, followed by persistent low-flow, long water residence times, favoring bloom formation and proliferation. To meet the CyanoHAB mitigation challenge, we must: (1) Formulate watershed and airshed-specific N and P input reductions on a sliding scale to meet anthropogenic and climatic forcings. (2) Develop CyanoHAB management strategies that incorporate current and anticipated climatic changes and extremes. (3) Make nutrient management strategies compatible with other physical-chemical-biological mitigation approaches, such as altering freshwater flow and flushing, dredging, chemical applications, introduction of selective grazers, etc. (4) Target CyanoHAB toxin production and developing management approaches to reduce toxin production. (5) Develop broadly applicable long-term strategies that incorporate the above recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC, USA.
| | - Malcolm A Barnard
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC, USA.
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25
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Nwankwegu AS, Li Y, Huang Y, Wei J, Norgbey E, Lai Q, Sarpong L, Wang K, Ji D, Yang Z, Paerl HW. Nutrient addition bioassay and phytoplankton community structure monitored during autumn in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125960. [PMID: 32069727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing freshwater ecosystem nutrient budget is a critical anthropogenic factor promoting freshwater eutrophication and episodic bloom of harmful algae which threaten water quality and public health. To understand how the eutrophic freshwater ecosystem responds in term of phytoplankton community structure dynamics to a sudden rise in nutrient concentrations, a microcosm study by nutrient addition bioassay was implemented in Xiangxi Bay (XXB) of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Our results showed that dissolved trace elements supply adequately altered the phytoplankton community structure creating a regime shift from cyanobacteria-dominated to essentially Chlorophytes-dominated system, relative abundance (>70%). Combined N, P, and Si led to maximum growth stimulation accompanied by the highest chlorophyll yield (82.7 ± 14.01 μgL-1) and growth rate (1.098 ± 0.12 μgL-1d-1). N separate additions resulted in growth responses which did not differ while P -addition differed significantly (p∠0.05) with the control justifying a P limited system. Si enrichment stimulated diatom growth, relative abundance (20.62%) and maximum utility rate (USi = 83.37 ± 0.33%). This study also reveals that increasing nutrient loading from anthropogenic sources adequately decrease the ecological diversity (H < 1) and community overlap (CC ≤ 0.5) intensifying competition and succession which then select the fast-growing taxa to dominate and expand. Result points to the need for multiple nutrient control of N, P and Si loading into XXB through a prudent nutrient management protocol for lasting bloom mitigation in the tributary bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amechi S Nwankwegu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiuying Lai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Linda Sarpong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Daobin Ji
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
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26
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Montgomery MT, Boyd TJ, Hall NS, Paerl HW, Osburn CL. Ecosystem Capacity for Microbial Biodegradation of Munitions Compounds and Phenanthrene in Three Coastal Waterways in North Carolina, United States. ACS Omega 2020; 5:7326-7341. [PMID: 32280874 PMCID: PMC7144167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Munitions compounds (i.e., 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), octahy-dro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocin (HMX), and hexadydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin (RDX), also called energetics) were originally believed to be recalcitrant to microbial biodegradation based on historical groundwater chemical attenuation data and laboratory culture work. More recently, it has been established that natural bacterial assemblages in coastal waters and sediment can rapidly metabolize these organic nitrogen sources and even incorporate their carbon and nitrogen into bacterial biomass. Here, we report on the capacity of natural microbial assemblages in three coastal North Carolina (United States) estuaries to metabolize energetics and phenanthrene (PHE), a proxy for terrestrial aromatic compounds. Microbial assemblages generally had the highest ecosystem capacity (mass of the compound mineralized per average estuarine residence time) for HMX (21-5463 kg) > RDX (1.4-5821 kg) ≫ PHE (0.29-660 kg) > TNT (0.25-451 kg). Increasing antecedent precipitation tended to decrease the ecosystem capacity to mineralize TNT in the Newport River Estuary, and PHE and TNT mineralization were often highest with increasing salinity. There was some evidence from the New River Estuary that increased N-demand (due to a phytoplankton bloom) is associated with increased energetic mineralization rates. Using this type of analysis to determine the ecosystem capacity to metabolize energetics can explain why these compounds are rarely detected in seawater and marine sediment, despite the known presence of unexploded ordnance or recent use in military training exercises. Overall, measuring the ecosystem capacity may help predict the effects of climate change (warming and altered precipitation patterns) and other perturbations on exotic compound fate and transport within ecosystems and provide critical information for managers and decision-makers to develop management strategies based on these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Montgomery
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Thomas J. Boyd
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Nathan S. Hall
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, University of North
Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, University of North
Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Christopher L. Osburn
- Department
of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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27
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Harding LW, Mallonee ME, Perry ES, David Miller W, Adolf JE, Gallegos CL, Paerl HW. Seasonal to Inter-Annual Variability of Primary Production in Chesapeake Bay: Prospects to Reverse Eutrophication and Change Trophic Classification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2019. [PMID: 32029760 PMCID: PMC7005038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estuarine-coastal ecosystems are rich areas of the global ocean with elevated rates of organic matter production supporting major fisheries. Net and gross primary production (NPP, GPP) are essential properties of these ecosystems, characterized by high spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual variability associated with climatic effects on hydrology. Over 20 years ago, Nixon defined the trophic classification of marine ecosystems based on annual phytoplankton primary production (APPP), with categories ranging from “oligotrophic” to “hypertrophic”. Source data consisting of shipboard measurements of NPP and GPP from 1982 to 2004 for Chesapeake Bay in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States supported estimates of APPP from 300 to 500 g C m−2 yr−1, corresponding to “eutrophic” to “hypertrophic” categories. Here, we developed generalized additive models (GAM) to interpolate the limited spatio-temporal resolution of source data. Principal goals were: (1) to develop predictive models of NPP and GPP calibrated to source data (1982 to 2004); (2) to apply the models to historical (1960s, 1970s) and monitoring (1985 to 2015) data with adjustments for nutrient loadings and climatic effects; (3) to estimate APPP from model predictions of NPP; (4) to test effects of simulated reductions of phytoplankton biomass or nutrient loadings on trophic classification based on APPP. Simulated 40% decreases of euphotic-layer chl-a or TN and NO2 + NO3 loadings led to decreasing APPP sufficient to change trophic classification from “eutrophic’ to “mesotrophic” for oligohaline (OH) and polyhaline (PH) salinity zones, and from “hypertrophic” to “eutrophic” for the mesohaline (MH) salinity zone of the bay. These findings show that improved water quality is attainable with sustained reversal of nutrient over-enrichment sufficient to decrease phytoplankton biomass and APPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Harding
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States.
| | - Michael E Mallonee
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program Office, 410 Severn Avenue, Annapolis, Maryland, 21403, United States
| | - Elgin S Perry
- Statistics Consultant, 377 Resolutions Rd., Colonial Beach, Virginia, 22443, United States
| | - W David Miller
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, D.C., 20375, United States
| | - Jason E Adolf
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, 07764, United States
| | - Charles L Gallegos
- Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, United States
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Cook KV, Li C, Cai H, Krumholz LR, Hambright KD, Paerl HW, Steffen MM, Wilson AE, Burford MA, Grossart H, Hamilton DP, Jiang H, Sukenik A, Latour D, Meyer EI, Padisák J, Qin B, Zamor RM, Zhu G. The global Microcystis interactome. Limnol Oceanogr 2020; 65:S194-S207. [PMID: 32051648 PMCID: PMC7003799 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria play key roles in the function and diversity of aquatic systems, but aside from study of specific bloom systems, little is known about the diversity or biogeography of bacteria associated with harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). CyanoHAB species are known to shape bacterial community composition and to rely on functions provided by the associated bacteria, leading to the hypothesized cyanoHAB interactome, a coevolved community of synergistic and interacting bacteria species, each necessary for the success of the others. Here, we surveyed the microbiome associated with Microcystis aeruginosa during blooms in 12 lakes spanning four continents as an initial test of the hypothesized Microcystis interactome. We predicted that microbiome composition and functional potential would be similar across blooms globally. Our results, as revealed by 16S rRNA sequence similarity, indicate that M. aeruginosa is cosmopolitan in lakes across a 280° longitudinal and 90° latitudinal gradient. The microbiome communities were represented by a wide range of operational taxonomic units and relative abundances. Highly abundant taxa were more related and shared across most sites and did not vary with geographic distance, thus, like Microcystis, revealing no evidence for dispersal limitation. High phylogenetic relatedness, both within and across lakes, indicates that microbiome bacteria with similar functional potential were associated with all blooms. While Microcystis and the microbiome bacteria shared many genes, whole-community metagenomic analysis revealed a suite of biochemical pathways that could be considered complementary. Our results demonstrate a high degree of similarity across global Microcystis blooms, thereby providing initial support for the hypothesized Microcystis interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V. Cook
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of BiologyThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and Institute for Energy and the EnvironmentThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - Haiyuan Cai
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of BiologyThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - Lee R. Krumholz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and Institute for Energy and the EnvironmentThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - K. David Hambright
- Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of BiologyThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Geographical Ecology Group, Department of BiologyThe University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillMorehead CityNorth Carolina
| | | | - Alan E. Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Michele A. Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hans‐Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, and Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyPotsdam UniversityPotsdamGermany
| | - David P. Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Environmental Research Institute, University of WaikatoWaikatoNew Zealand
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological ResearchThe Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological LaboratoryMigdalIsrael
| | | | - Elisabeth I. Meyer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Judit Padisák
- Department of LimnologyInstitute of Environmental Science, University of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | | | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
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Burford MA, Carey CC, Hamilton DP, Huisman J, Paerl HW, Wood SA, Wulff A. Perspective: Advancing the research agenda for improving understanding of cyanobacteria in a future of global change. Harmful Algae 2020; 91:101601. [PMID: 32057347 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - C C Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - D P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - J Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - S A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - A Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ren L, Wang P, Wang C, Paerl HW, Wang H. Effects of phosphorus availability and phosphorus utilization behavior of Microcystis aeruginosa on its adaptation capability to ultraviolet radiation. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113441. [PMID: 31672370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) plays a critical role in eutrophication and algal growth; therefore, improving our understanding of the impact of P is essential to control harmful algal blooms. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa was treated with 5-h ambient irradiation in the medium with different dissolved inorganic P (DIP) concentrations, DIP-free, moderate-DIP, and high-DIP, to explore its growth and other physiological responses. Compared to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation had inhibitive effects on the photosynthesis and growth of M. aeruginosa, while high P availability could alleviate or eliminate the negative effects of UV radiation. The photosynthetic parameters had a minimum reduction and quickly recovered after re-inoculation under high-DIP conditions. Confirmed by SEM, photosynthetic pigments, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and other methods, ambient UV radiation exerted oxidative stresses rather than direct lethal effects on M. aeruginosa. Photosynthetic parameters indicated that algal UV-adaptation processes could include decreasing photo-induced damages and increasing self-repair efficiency. The P acquired by M. aeruginosa cells can have two function, which included alleviating UV-induced negative effects and sustaining algal growth. Consequently, UV-adaptation processes of M. aeruginosa resulted in an elevated demand for DIP, which resulted to increased P uptake rates and cellular P quota under moderate and high-DIP conditions. Therefore, the production of carotenoid and phycocyanin, and SOD activity increased under UV stress, leading to a better adaptation capability of M. aeruginosa and decreased negative effects of UV radiation on its growth. Overall, our findings demonstrated the significant interactive effects of P enrichment and irradiation on typical cyanobacteria, and the strong adaptation capability of M. aeruginosa in the eutrophic UV-radiated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 211167, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Huiya Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, 211167, Nanjing, PR China
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Ma J, Wang P, Wang X, Xu Y, Paerl HW. Cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters benefit from rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:1144-1154. [PMID: 31466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) may stimulate the proliferation of cyanobacteria. To investigate the possible physiological responses of cyanobacteria to elevated CO2 at different nutrient levels, Microcystis aeruginosa were exposed to different concentrations of CO2 (400, 1100, and 2200 ppm) under two nutrient regimes (i.e., in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor media). The results indicated that M. aeruginosa differed in its responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 at different nutrient levels. The light utilization efficiency and photoprotection of photosystem II were improved by elevated CO2, particularly when cells were supplied with abundant nutrients. In nutrient-poor media, both total organic carbon and the polysaccharide/protein ratio of the extracellular polymeric substance increased with elevated CO2, accompanied by high cellular carbon/nitrogen ratios. Besides, cells growing with fewer nutrients were more prone to suffer intracellular acidification with elevated CO2 than those growing with abundant nutrients. Nonetheless, alkaline phosphate activity of cyanobacteria was improved by high CO2, provided that reduced pH was in the optimum range for alkaline phosphate activity. Nitrate reductase activity was inhibited by elevated CO2 regardless of nutrient levels, leading to a reduced nitrate uptake. These changes indicate that the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients would be affected by higher atmospheric CO2 conditions. Overall, cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters may benefit more than in oligotrophic waters from rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and evaluations of the influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on algae should account for the nutrient level of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
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32
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Lu T, Zhang Q, Lavoie M, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Yang J, Paerl HW, Qian H, Zhu YG. The fungicide azoxystrobin promotes freshwater cyanobacterial dominance through altering competition. Microbiome 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31484554 PMCID: PMC6727577 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharp increases in food production worldwide are attributable to agricultural intensification aided by heavy use of agrochemicals. This massive use of pesticides and fertilizers in combination with global climate change has led to collateral damage in freshwater systems, notably an increase in the frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). The precise mechanisms and magnitude of effects that pesticides exert on HCBs formation and proliferation have received little research attention and are poorly constrained. RESULTS We found that azoxystrobin (AZ), a common strobilurin fungicide, can favor cyanobacterial growth through growth inhibition of eukaryotic competitors (Chlorophyta) and possibly by inhibiting cyanobacterial parasites (fungi) as well as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Meta-transcriptomic analyses identified AZ-responsive genes and biochemical pathways in eukaryotic plankton and bacteria, potentially explaining the microbial effects of AZ. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the intertwined effects of a fungicide and eutrophication on microbial planktonic communities and cyanobacterial blooms in a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem. This knowledge may prove useful in mitigating cyanobacteria blooms resulting from agricultural intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, G1VOA6, Québec, Canada
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Ecoenvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085 People’s Republic of China
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Paerl HW, Hall NS, Hounshell AG, Luettich RA, Rossignol KL, Osburn CL, Bales J. Recent increase in catastrophic tropical cyclone flooding in coastal North Carolina, USA: Long-term observations suggest a regime shift. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10620. [PMID: 31337803 PMCID: PMC6650462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal North Carolina, USA, has experienced three extreme tropical cyclone-driven flood events since 1999, causing catastrophic human impacts from flooding and leading to major alterations of water quality, biogeochemistry, and ecological conditions. The apparent increased frequency and magnitudes of such events led us to question whether this is just coincidence or whether we are witnessing a regime shift in tropical cyclone flooding and associated ecosystem impacts. Examination of continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveals a period of unprecedentedly high precipitation since the late-1990’s, and a trend toward increasingly high precipitation associated with tropical cyclones over the last 120 years. We posit that this trend, which is consistent with observations elsewhere, represents a recent regime shift with major ramifications for hydrology, carbon and nutrient cycling, water and habitat quality and resourcefulness of Mid-Atlantic and possibly other USA coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA.
| | - Nathan S Hall
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Alexandria G Hounshell
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Richard A Luettich
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Karen L Rossignol
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jerad Bales
- Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
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Harding LW, Mallonee ME, Perry ES, Miller WD, Adolf JE, Gallegos CL, Paerl HW. Long-term trends, current status, and transitions of water quality in Chesapeake Bay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6709. [PMID: 31040300 PMCID: PMC6491606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coincident climatic and human effects strongly influence water-quality properties in estuarine-coastal ecosystems around the world. Time-series data for a number of ecosystems reveal high spatio-temporal variability superimposed on secular trends traceable to nutrient over-enrichment. In this paper, we present new analyses of long-term data for Chesapeake Bay directed at several goals: (1) to distinguish trends from spatio-temporal variability imposed by climatic effects; (2) to assess long-term trends of water-quality properties reflecting degradation and recovery; (3) to propose numerical water-quality criteria as targets for restoration; (4) to assess progress toward attainment of these targets. The bay has experienced multiple impairments associated with nutrient over-enrichment since World War II, e.g., low dissolved oxygen (DO), decreased water clarity, and harmful algal blooms (HAB). Anthropogenic eutrophication has been expressed as increased chlorophyll-a (chl-a) driven by accelerated nutrient loading from 1945 to 1980. Management intervention led to decreased loading thereafter, but deleterious symptoms of excess nutrients persist. Climatic effects exemplified by irregular “dry” and “wet” periods in the last 30+ years largely explain high inter-annual variability of water-quality properties, requiring adjustments to resolve long-term trends. Here, we extend these analyses at a finer temporal scale to six decades of chl-a, Secchi depth, and nitrite plus nitrate (NO2 + NO3) data to support trend analyses and the development of numerical water-quality criteria. The proposed criteria build on a conceptual model emphasizing the need to distinguish climatic and human effects in gauging progress to reverse eutrophication in estuarine-coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Harding
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States.
| | - Michael E Mallonee
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program Office, 410 Severn Avenue, Annapolis, Maryland, 21403, United States
| | - Elgin S Perry
- Statistics Consultant, 377 Resolutions Rd., Colonial Beach, Virginia, 22443, United States
| | - W David Miller
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington, DC, 20375, United States
| | - Jason E Adolf
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, 07764, United States
| | - Charles L Gallegos
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, United States
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35
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Qin B, Paerl HW, Brookes JD, Liu J, Jeppesen E, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Xu H, Shi K, Deng J. Why Lake Taihu continues to be plagued with cyanobacterial blooms through 10 years (2007-2017) efforts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:354-356. [PMID: 36659719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Gao Y, Yu J, Song Y, Zhu G, Paerl HW, Qin B. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different forms of inorganic nitrogen in three types of rivers around Lake Taihu, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:6898-6910. [PMID: 30635880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to control nitrogen (N) pollution of Lake Taihu, China, we studied the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of inorganic N in inflowing rivers polluted by industry, agriculture, and domestic sewage during low, moderate, and high flow periods. The results showed that dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) was the main fraction of total nitrogen (TN) input from these rivers. Inflowing rivers had distinct impacts on TN, DTN, ammonium N (NH4+), and nitrate N (NO3-) concentrations of Lake Taihu during the low flow period. Particulate nitrogen (PN) had an impact on Lake Taihu during the three flow periods and all the three types of rivers would increase PN concentration in the lake. Rivers polluted by agriculture had the greatest impact on Lake Taihu's TN, DTN, NO3-, and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentrations, while rivers polluted by industry had the greatest impact on NH4+ concentration. Therefore, agriculture and industry should be key targets for nutrient reductions. The in-lake N concentrations were higher than those of inflowing rivers during moderate and high flow periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Deng J, Paerl HW, Qin B, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Jeppesen E, Cai Y, Xu H. Climatically-modulated decline in wind speed may strongly affect eutrophication in shallow lakes. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:1361-1370. [PMID: 30248859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface wind speed has declined significantly globally. However, the response of aquatic systems to decreasing wind speeds has received little attention. We examined the effects of a long-term decrease in wind speed on shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu, China's third largest lake, by combining high-frequency monitoring, long-term meteorological and water quality data with short-term laboratory sediment nutrient release experiments. The annual mean wind speed showed a significant decreasing trend and the maximum continuous days with wind speed <3 m/s increased significantly from 1996 to 2017. The high-frequency monitoring data showed that bottom water hypoxia occurred occasionally in summer and autumn. The water quality data combined with the experimental results suggest that lower wind speed and longer low wind duration can enhance the release of phosphorus (P) from the sediments and increase nitrogen (N) losses, likely via denitrification, because a longer stability period leads to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations near the lake bottom. The results of Bayesian functional Linear regression with Sparse Step functions (Bliss) indicated that wind speed during spring and summer strongly affected chlorophyll a (Chla) concentrations in the summer by enhancing the release of nutrients from the sediments. The results of the structural equation models indicated that declined wind speed might increase phytoplankton biomass (as Chla) by altering nutrient availability. Increasing water temperatures and decreasing wind speeds synergistically enhance water column stability, which may offset some of the immediate benefits of reductions in external nutrient loading by enhancing internal loading. Given predicted global change, it will become increasingly important to reduce the external nutrient loading for overall improvement of water quality in this and other shallow eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Deng
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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van Gerven LPA, Kuiper JJ, Mooij WM, Janse JH, Paerl HW, de Klein JJM. Nitrogen fixation does not axiomatically lead to phosphorus limitation in aquatic ecosystems. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk P. A. van Gerven
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
- Royal HaskoningDHV Amersfoort the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Dept of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen Univ. Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Kuiper
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wolf M. Mooij
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Dept of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen Univ. Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Janse
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen the Netherlands
- PBL, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague the Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Inst. of Marine Sciences, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead City NC USA
- College of Environment, Hohai Univ. Nanjing PR China
| | - Jeroen J. M. de Klein
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Dept of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen Univ. Wageningen the Netherlands
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Tang X, Krausfeldt LE, Shao K, LeCleir GR, Stough JMA, Gao G, Boyer GL, Zhang Y, Paerl HW, Qin B, Wilhelm SW. Seasonal Gene Expression and the Ecophysiological Implications of Toxic Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms in Lake Taihu. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:11049-11059. [PMID: 30168717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms represent an increasing threat to freshwater resources globally. Despite increased research, the physiological basis of how the dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp., proliferate and then maintain high population densities through changing environmental conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profiles of the microbial community in Lake Taihu, China at 9 stations sampled monthly from June to October in 2014. To target Microcystis populations, we collected metatranscriptomic data and mapped reads to the M. aeruginosa NIES 843 genome. Our results revealed significant temporal gene expression patterns, with many genes separating into either early or late bloom clusters. About one-third of genes observed from M. aeruginosa were differentially expressed between these two clusters. Conductivity and nutrient availability appeared to be the environmental factors most strongly associated with these temporal gene expression shifts. Compared with the early bloom season (June and July), genes involved in N and P transport, energy metabolism, translation, and amino acid biosynthesis were down-regulated during the later season (August to October). In parallel, genes involved in regulatory functions as well as transposases and the production of microcystin and extracellular polysaccharides were up-regulated in the later season. Our observation indicates an eco-physiological shift occurs within the Microcystis spp. transcriptome as cells move from the rapid growth of early summer to bloom maintenance in late summer and autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Tang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , China
| | - Lauren E Krausfeldt
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Keqiang Shao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , China
| | - Gary R LeCleir
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Joshua M A Stough
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Guang Gao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , China
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry , SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Morehead City , North Carolina 28557 , United States
- College of Environment , Hohai University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210098 , China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , China
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Guo C, Zhu G, Paerl HW, Zhu M, Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Qin B. Extreme weather event may induce Microcystis blooms in the Qiantang River, Southeast China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22273-22284. [PMID: 29806052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A severe cyanobacterial bloom in the mainstem of a large Chinese river was first reported from China. The Qiantang River is the longest river in the Zhejiang province, southeast China. It provides drinking water supply to ~ 16 million people, including Hangzhou city. Fifteen sites along the Qiantang River (including upper, middle (Fuchunjiang Reservoir), and lower reaches and tributaries) were sampled between August 13 and September 9, 2016 to conduct a preliminary examination of the outbreak of Microcystis blooms. Laboratory investigation revealed that Microcystis spp. are dominant in the Fuchunjiang Reservoir (an overflow reservoir on the mainstem of the Qiantang River) with an extremely high cell density of 2.3 × 108 cells/L, leading to a severe bloom in the mainstem of the Qiantang River. Investigations of the meteorological, hydrological, and nutrient characteristics associated with the bloom indicated that extremely dry (6.8 mm rainfall from August 13 to September 9, 2016) and hot (32 consecutive days of temperatures > 30 °C from July 20 to August 31, 2016) weather might be the key factors triggering the bloom. Additionally, the extremely low flow of the tributary, Lanjiang River (142 ± 56 m3/s from August 13 to September 9), and its high nutrient background, favored the bloom. While nutrient reductions are important, the most immediate and effective management approach might be to implement appropriate minimal flow conditions to mitigate the blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Protection Science of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient overenrichment, coupled with rising temperatures, and an increasing frequency of extreme hydrologic events (storms and droughts) are accelerating eutrophication and promoting the expansion of harmful algal blooms (HABs) across the freshwater-to-marine continuum. All HABs-with a focus here on cyanobacterial blooms-pose serious consequences for water supplies, fisheries, recreational uses, tourism, and property values. As nutrient loads grow in watersheds, they begin to compound the effects of legacy stores. This has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how nutrients control eutrophication and blooms. Phosphorus (P) reductions have been traditionally prescribed exclusively for freshwater systems, while nitrogen (N) reductions were mainly stressed for brackish and coastal waters. However, because most systems are hydrologically interconnected, single nutrient (e.g., P only) reductions upstream may not necessarily reduce HAB impacts downstream. Reducing both N and P inputs is the only viable nutrient management solution for long-term control of HABs along the continuum. This article highlights where paired physical, chemical, or biological controls may improve beneficial uses in the short term, and offers management strategies that should be enacted across watershed scales to combat the global expansion of HABs across geographically broad freshwater-to-marine continua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 3431 Arendell Street , Morehead City , North Carolina 28557 , United States
| | - Timothy G Otten
- Bend Genetics , 87 Scripps Drive, Ste. 108 , Sacramento , California 95825 , United States
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences & Institute for Marine Sciences , University of California Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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Mantzouki E, Lürling M, Fastner J, de Senerpont Domis L, Wilk-Woźniak E, Koreivienė J, Seelen L, Teurlincx S, Verstijnen Y, Krztoń W, Walusiak E, Karosienė J, Kasperovičienė J, Savadova K, Vitonytė I, Cillero-Castro C, Budzyńska A, Goldyn R, Kozak A, Rosińska J, Szeląg-Wasielewska E, Domek P, Jakubowska-Krepska N, Kwasizur K, Messyasz B, Pełechaty A, Pełechaty M, Kokocinski M, García-Murcia A, Real M, Romans E, Noguero-Ribes J, Duque DP, Fernández-Morán E, Karakaya N, Häggqvist K, Demir N, Beklioğlu M, Filiz N, Levi EE, Iskin U, Bezirci G, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Özhan K, Gkelis S, Panou M, Fakioglu Ö, Avagianos C, Kaloudis T, Çelik K, Yilmaz M, Marcé R, Catalán N, Bravo AG, Buck M, Colom-Montero W, Mustonen K, Pierson D, Yang Y, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V, Antoniou MG, Tsiarta N, McCarthy V, Perello VC, Feldmann T, Laas A, Panksep K, Tuvikene L, Gagala I, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Yağcı MA, Çınar Ş, Çapkın K, Yağcı A, Cesur M, Bilgin F, Bulut C, Uysal R, Obertegger U, Boscaini A, Flaim G, Salmaso N, Cerasino L, Richardson J, Visser PM, Verspagen JMH, Karan T, Soylu EN, Maraşlıoğlu F, Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A, Ochocka A, Pasztaleniec A, Antão-Geraldes AM, Vasconcelos V, Morais J, Vale M, Köker L, Akçaalan R, Albay M, Špoljarić Maronić D, Stević F, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Fonvielle J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Hansson LA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Bláha L, Geriš R, Fránková M, Koçer MAT, Alp MT, Remec-Rekar S, Elersek T, Triantis T, Zervou SK, Hiskia A, Haande S, Skjelbred B, Madrecka B, Nemova H, Drastichova I, Chomova L, Edwards C, Sevindik TO, Tunca H, Önem B, Aleksovski B, Krstić S, Vucelić IB, Nawrocka L, Salmi P, Machado-Vieira D, de Oliveira AG, Delgado-Martín J, García D, Cereijo JL, Gomà J, Trapote MC, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T, Obrador B, Grabowska M, Karpowicz M, Chmura D, Úbeda B, Gálvez JÁ, Özen A, Christoffersen KS, Warming TP, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Pérez-Martínez C, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Arvola L, Alcaraz-Párraga P, Toporowska M, Pawlik-Skowronska B, Niedźwiecki M, Pęczuła W, Leira M, Hernández A, Moreno-Ostos E, Blanco JM, Rodríguez V, Montes-Pérez JJ, Palomino RL, Rodríguez-Pérez E, Carballeira R, Camacho A, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Ferriol C, Romo S, Soria JM, Dunalska J, Sieńska J, Szymański D, Kruk M, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska I, Jasser I, Žutinić P, Gligora Udovič M, Plenković-Moraj A, Frąk M, Bańkowska-Sobczak A, Wasilewicz M, Özkan K, Maliaka V, Kangro K, Grossart HP, Paerl HW, Carey CC, Ibelings BW. Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040156. [PMID: 29652856 PMCID: PMC5923322 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Mantzouki
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jutta Fastner
- German Environment Agency, Unit Drinking Water Resources and Water Treatment, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisette de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Laura Seelen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvon Verstijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wojciech Krztoń
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Edward Walusiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jūratė Karosienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Ksenija Savadova
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Irma Vitonytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.
| | | | - Agnieszka Budzyńska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Goldyn
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozak
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rosińska
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Domek
- Department ofWater Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Kinga Kwasizur
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Mariusz Pełechaty
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mikolaj Kokocinski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ana García-Murcia
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monserrat Real
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elvira Romans
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Noguero-Ribes
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Parreño Duque
- Department of Limnology and Water Quality, AECOM U.R.S, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nusret Karakaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Kerstin Häggqvist
- Department of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Åbo, Finland.
| | - Nilsun Demir
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ankara University, 6100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Beklioğlu
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Filiz
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Eti E. Levi
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Iskin
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Bezirci
- Department of biology, Middle East Technical University, 6800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Koray Özhan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Manthos Panou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Özden Fakioglu
- Department of Basic Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Christos Avagianos
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company, 11146 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kemal Çelik
- Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Mete Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Catalán
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrea G. Bravo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Moritz Buck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - William Colom-Montero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Kristiina Mustonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Don Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Erken Laboratory, Uppsala University, 76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.
| | - Pedro M. Raposeiro
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-Azores), InBIO Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Maria G. Antoniou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Nikoletta Tsiarta
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Valerie McCarthy
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Victor C. Perello
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland.
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Alo Laas
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Lea Tuvikene
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ilona Gagala
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90364 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Meral Apaydın Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Şakir Çınar
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Kadir Çapkın
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Yağcı
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cesur
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Bilgin
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rahmi Uysal
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture, Fisheries Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Ulrike Obertegger
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Adriano Boscaini
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Flaim
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Nico Salmaso
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Department of Sustainable Ecosystems and Bioresources, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy.
| | - Jessica Richardson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda M. H. Verspagen
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tünay Karan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Merkez, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Ochocka
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pasztaleniec
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection- National Research Institute, 01-692 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ana M. Antão-Geraldes
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Morais
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Micaela Vale
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Latife Köker
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reyhan Akçaalan
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meriç Albay
- Department of Freshwater Resource and Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Filip Stević
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jeremy Fonvielle
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Straile
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Karl-Otto Rothhaupt
- Department of Biology, Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | | | - Pablo Urrutia-Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rodan Geriš
- Department of Hydrobiology, Morava Board Authority, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Fránková
- Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mehmet Ali Turan Koçer
- Department of Environment and Resource Management, Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute, 7090 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Tahir Alp
- Faculty of Aquaculture, Mersin University, 33160 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Spela Remec-Rekar
- Department ofWater Quality, Slovenian Environmental Agency, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Elersek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Theodoros Triantis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research «DEMOKRITOS», 15341 Attiki, Greece.
| | - Sigrid Haande
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Birger Skjelbred
- Department of Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Beata Madrecka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hana Nemova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Drastichova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Chomova
- National Reference Center for Hydrobiology, Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, 82645 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | | | - Hatice Tunca
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Önem
- Department of Biology, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Boris Aleksovski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Svetislav Krstić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, SS Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Itana Bokan Vucelić
- Department for Ecotoxicology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lidia Nawrocka
- Institute of Technology, The State University of Applied Sciences, 82300 Elblag, Poland.
| | - Pauliina Salmi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Danielle Machado-Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-970 Paraíba, Brasil.
| | | | | | - David García
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jose Luís Cereijo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of A Coruña, 15192 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Joan Gomà
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Trapote
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Grabowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maciej Karpowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Bialystok, 15245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Damian Chmura
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
| | - Bárbara Úbeda
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Gálvez
- Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Arda Özen
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Cankiri Karatekin, 18200 Cankiri, Turkey.
| | | | - Trine Perlt Warming
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 81378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | | | | | - Lauri Arvola
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, 16900 Lammi, Finland.
| | - Pablo Alcaraz-Párraga
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaen, 23701 Jaen, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Toporowska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowronska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Niedźwiecki
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pęczuła
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Manel Leira
- Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon, 1749016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Armand Hernández
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA, CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Carballeira
- Centro de Investigacións Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna C. Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ferriol
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Romo
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Soria
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. (J.M.S.)
| | - Julita Dunalska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Justyna Sieńska
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Daniel Szymański
- Department ofWater Protection Engineering, University ofWarmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marek Kruk
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Iwona Jasser
- Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Petar Žutinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Gligora Udovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Magdalena Frąk
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bańkowska-Sobczak
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wasilewicz
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Korhan Özkan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Valentini Maliaka
- Society for the Protection of Prespa, 53077 Agios Germanos, Greece.
- Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kersti Kangro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
- Tartu Observatory, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 61602 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Cayelan C. Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Bas W. Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Paerl HW. Mitigating Toxic Planktonic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems Facing Increasing Anthropogenic and Climatic Pressures. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E76. [PMID: 29419777 PMCID: PMC5848177 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic planktonic cyanobacterial blooms are a pressing environmental and human health problem. Blooms are expanding globally and threatening sustainability of our aquatic resources. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and hydrological modifications, including water diversions and reservoir construction, are major drivers of bloom expansion. Climatic change, i.e., warming, more extreme rainfall events, and droughts, act synergistically with human drivers to exacerbate the problem. Bloom mitigation steps, which are the focus of this review, must consider these dynamic interactive factors in order to be successful in the short- and long-term. Furthermore, these steps must be applicable along the freshwater to marine continuum connecting streams, lakes, rivers, estuarine, and coastal waters. There is an array of physical, chemical, and biological approaches, including flushing, mixing, dredging, application of algaecides, precipitating phosphorus, and selective grazing, that may arrest and reduce bloom intensities in the short-term. However, to ensure long term, sustainable success, targeting reductions of both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs should accompany these approaches along the continuum. Lastly, these strategies should accommodate climatic variability and change, which will likely modulate and alter nutrient-bloom thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Hounshell AG, Peierls BL, Osburn CL, Paerl HW. Stimulation of Phytoplankton Production by Anthropogenic Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in a Coastal Plain Estuary. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13104-13112. [PMID: 29083877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increased focus on nitrogen (N)-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a nutrient source supporting eutrophication in N-sensitive estuarine ecosystems. This is particularly relevant in watersheds undergoing urban and agricultural development, leading to increased dissolved organic N (DON) loading. To understand how this shift in N-loading influences estuarine phytoplankton production, nutrient addition bioassays were conducted in the N-limited Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina from 2014 to 2015. Additions included N-rich DOM sources characteristic of urban and agricultural development, including chicken and turkey litter leachate, wastewater treatment facility effluent, and concentrated river DOM (used as a reference). Each DOM addition was coupled with an inorganic nutrient treatment to account for inorganic nutrient concentrations (NO2/3, NH4, PO4) in each respective DOM addition. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) showed that chicken litter leachate stimulated phytoplankton growth greater than its coupled inorganic nutrient treatment. Wastewater treatment facility effluent, turkey litter leachate, and concentrated river DOM did not stimulate phytoplankton growth greater than their respective inorganic nutrient controls. DOM fluorescence (EEM-PARAFAC) indicated the chicken litter contained a biologically reactive fluorescent DOM component, identified as the nonhumic, biologically labile, "N-peak", which may be responsible for stimulating the observed phytoplankton growth in the chicken litter leachate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G Hounshell
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina , Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Benjamin L Peierls
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina , Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina , Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
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Eom H, Borgatti D, Paerl HW, Park C. Correction to Formation of Low-Molecular-Weight Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Predenitrification Biological Nutrient Removal Systems and Its Impact on Eutrophication in Coastal Waters. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13514. [PMID: 29125757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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46
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Chapra SC, Boehlert B, Fant C, Bierman VJ, Henderson J, Mills D, Mas DML, Rennels L, Jantarasami L, Martinich J, Strzepek KM, Paerl HW. Climate Change Impacts on Harmful Algal Blooms in U.S. Freshwaters: A Screening-Level Assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:8933-8943. [PMID: 28650153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) have serious adverse effects on human and environmental health. Herein, we developed a modeling framework that predicts the effect of climate change on cyanobacteria concentrations in large reservoirs in the contiguous U.S. The framework, which uses climate change projections from five global circulation models, two greenhouse gas emission scenarios, and two cyanobacterial growth scenarios, is unique in coupling climate projections with a hydrologic/water quality network model of the contiguous United States. Thus, it generates both regional and nationwide projections useful as a screening-level assessment of climate impacts on CyanoHAB prevalence as well as potential lost recreation days and associated economic value. Our projections indicate that CyanoHAB concentrations are likely to increase primarily due to water temperature increases tempered by increased nutrient levels resulting from changing demographics and climatic impacts on hydrology that drive nutrient transport. The combination of these factors results in the mean number of days of CyanoHAB occurrence ranging from about 7 days per year per waterbody under current conditions, to 16-23 days in 2050 and 18-39 days in 2090. From a regional perspective, we find the largest increases in CyanoHAB occurrence in the Northeast U.S., while the greatest impacts to recreation, in terms of costs, are in the Southeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Chapra
- Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Brent Boehlert
- Industrial Economics, Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles Fant
- Industrial Economics, Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | | | - Jim Henderson
- Corona Environmental Consulting , Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | - David Mills
- Abt Associates , Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
| | - Diane M L Mas
- Fuss & O'Neill, Inc. , West Springfield, Massachusetts 01089, United States
| | - Lisa Rennels
- Industrial Economics, Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lesley Jantarasami
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
| | - Jeremy Martinich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , Washington, D.C. 20460, United States
| | - Kenneth M Strzepek
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
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47
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Otten TG, Paerl HW, Dreher TW, Kimmerer WJ, Parker AE. The molecular ecology of
Microcystis
sp. blooms in the San Francisco Estuary. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3619-3637. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Otten
- Department of MicrobiologyOregon State University226 Nash Hall, Corvallis OR97331 USA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill3431 Arendell St, Morehead City NC28557 USA
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill3431 Arendell St, Morehead City NC28557 USA
| | - Theo W. Dreher
- Department of MicrobiologyOregon State University226 Nash Hall, Corvallis OR97331 USA
| | - Wim J. Kimmerer
- Romburg Tiburon CenterSan Francisco State University3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon CA94920 USA
| | - Alexander E. Parker
- Romburg Tiburon CenterSan Francisco State University3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon CA94920 USA
- California State University Maritime Academy200 Maritime Academy Drive, Vallejo CA94590 USA
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria's long evolutionary history has enabled them to adapt to geochemical and climatic changes, and more recent human and climatic modifications of aquatic ecosystems, including nutrient over‐enrichment, hydrologic modifications, and global warming. Harmful (toxic, hypoxia‐generating, food web altering) cyanobacterial bloom (CyanoHAB) genera are controlled by the synergistic effects of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplies, light, temperature, water residence/flushing times, and biotic interactions. Accordingly, mitigation strategies are focused on manipulating these dynamic factors. Strategies based on physical, chemical (algaecide) and biological manipulations can be effective in reducing CyanoHABs. However, these strategies should invariably be accompanied by nutrient (both nitrogen and phosphorus in most cases) input reductions to ensure long‐term success and sustainability. While the applicability and feasibility of various controls and management approaches is focused on freshwater ecosystems, they will also be applicable to estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In order to ensure long‐term control of CyanoHABs, these strategies should be adaptive to climatic variability and change, because nutrient‐CyanoHAB thresholds will likely be altered in a climatically more‐extreme world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
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Zhan X, Bo Y, Zhou F, Liu X, Paerl HW, Shen J, Wang R, Li F, Tao S, Dong Y, Tang X. Evidence for the Importance of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Eutrophic Lake Dianchi, China. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:6699-6708. [PMID: 28570060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has significantly influenced aquatic ecosystems, especially with regard to their N budgets and phytoplankton growth potentials. Compared to a considerable number of studies on oligotrophic lakes and oceanic waters, little evidence for the importance of N deposition has been generated for eutrophic lakes, even though emphasis has been placed on reducing external N inputs to control eutrophication in these lakes. Our high-resolution observations of atmospheric depositions and riverine inputs of biologically reactive N species into eutrophic Lake Dianchi (the sixth largest freshwater lake in China) shed new light onto the contribution of N deposition to total N loads. Annual N deposition accounted for 15.7% to 16.6% of total N loads under variable precipitation conditions, 2-fold higher than previous estimates (7.6%) for the Lake Dianchi. The proportion of N deposition to total N loads further increased to 27-48% in May and June when toxic blooms of the ubiquitous non-N2 fixing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. are initiated and proliferate. Our observations reveal that reduced N (59%) contributes a greater amount than oxidized N to total N deposition, reaching 56-83% from late spring to summer. Progress toward mitigating eutrophication in Lake Dianchi and other bloom-impacted eutrophic lakes will be difficult without reductions in ammonia emissions and subsequent N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhan
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bo
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
- College of Environment, Hohai University , Nanjing 210098, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Farong Li
- Kunming Environmental Monitoring Center , Kunming, Yunnan 650028, P.R. China
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Laboratory of the Pear River Estuarine Dynamics and Associated Process Regulation, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute , Guangzhou 510611, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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Song H, Lavoie M, Fan X, Tan H, Liu G, Xu P, Fu Z, Paerl HW, Qian H. Allelopathic interactions of linoleic acid and nitric oxide increase the competitive ability of Microcystis aeruginosa. ISME J 2017; 11:1865-1876. [PMID: 28398349 PMCID: PMC5520033 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide with major societal and economic costs. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algal competitors can affect toxic bloom formation, but the exact mechanisms of interspecies interactions remain unknown. Using metabolomic and proteomic profiling of co-cultures of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa with a green alga as well as of microorganisms collected in a Microcystis spp. bloom in Lake Taihu (China), we disentangle novel interspecies allelopathic interactions. We describe an interspecies molecular network in which M. aeruginosa inhibits growth of Chlorella vulgaris, a model green algal competitor, via the release of linoleic acid. In addition, we demonstrate how M. aeruginosa takes advantage of the cell signaling compound nitric oxide produced by C. vulgaris, which stimulates a positive feedback mechanism of linoleic acid release by M. aeruginosa and its toxicity. Our high-throughput system-biology approach highlights the importance of previously unrecognized allelopathic interactions between a broadly distributed toxic cyanobacterial bloom former and one of its algal competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Lavel, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hana Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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