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Morrow AP, Smith MW. Total Synthesis of Psammaplysins A, M, O, and Q and Ceratinamide A. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2913-2918. [PMID: 38253006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The psammaplysins are a unique class of brominated marine alkaloids bearing a signature 5/7-spiroisoxazoline-oxepine core linked to a variable tyramine-derived unit. Here, we report the total synthesis of several members of this family via a dipolar cycloaddition between an in situ generated nitrile oxide and an unusual seven-membered enediol diether dipolarophile. Carefully orchestrated oxidative transformation toward the fully functionalized spirocycle and direct coupling with tyramine-derived amines provides access to five representative family members, psammaplysins A, M, O, and Q and ceratinamide A, the latter four for the first time. Additionally, kinetic resolution of a late-stage intermediate enables the first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-psammaplysin A, thereby confirming its absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Morrow
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Myles W Smith
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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2
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Zhang W, Yu PC, Feng CY, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Pedrolide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2928-2932. [PMID: 38289153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of pedrolide (>200 mg) with an unprecedented [5-5-5-6-6-3] hexacyclic core (pedrolane) was achieved. Its unique bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system was efficiently constructed via an enantioselective ene reaction of cyclopentadiene followed by a Wittig reaction, isomerization, and a diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction cascade. The highly oxygenated carane [6-3] ring system was synthesized via a ring-closing metathesis reaction followed by an unusual free carbene cyclopropanation. Furthermore, the 12 contiguous stereocenters of pedrolide were installed diastereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Yun Feng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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3
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Chen P, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai S, Wu Q, Cheng X, Cao P, Qi X. Total syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:679. [PMID: 38263179 PMCID: PMC10806222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable asymmetric syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin from the abundant chemical feedstock furfuryl alcohol. The optically pure cyclohexane skeleton is assembled via a stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction. The dense heteroatom substituents are established sequentially by a series of functional group interconversions on highly oxygenated cyclohexane frameworks, including a chemoselective cyclic anhydride opening, and a decarboxylative hydroxylation. An innovative SmI2-mediated concurrent fragmentation, an oxo-bridge ring opening and ester reduction followed by an Upjohn dihydroxylation deliver the highly oxidized skeleton. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkyne cleavage and formation of the hemiaminal and orthoester under acidic conditions enable the rapid assembly of Tetrodotoxin, anhydro-Tetrodotoxin, 9-epiTetrodotoxin, and 9-epi lactone-Tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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4
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Gehringer M, Pape F, Méndez M, Barbie P, Unzue Lopez A, Lefranc J, Klingler FM, Hessler G, Langer T, Diamanti E, Schiedel M. Back in Person: Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2023. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300344. [PMID: 37485831 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry (FiMC) is the largest international Medicinal Chemistry conference in the German speaking area and took place from April 3rd to 5th 2023 in Vienna (Austria). Fortunately, after being cancelled in 2020 and two years (2021-2022) of entirely virtual meetings, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the FiMC could be held in a face-to-face format again. Organized by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the German Chemical Society (GDCh), the Division of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG), together with the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the Austrian Chemical Society (GÖCH), the Austrian Pharmaceutical Society (ÖPhG), and a local organization committee from the University of Vienna headed by Thierry Langer, the meeting brought together 260 participants from 21 countries. The program included 38 lectures by leading scientists from industry and academia as well as early career investigators. Moreover, 102 posters were presented in two highly interactive poster sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Pape
- NUVISAN Innovation Campus Berlin, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Muellerstraße 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - María Méndez
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, Bldg. G838, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Barbie
- Bayer AG, R&D, Pharmaceuticals, Laboratory IV, Bldg. S106, 231, 13342, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Unzue Lopez
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Hessler
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, Bldg. G877, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Diamanti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Robins JG, Johnson JS. Development of New Reactions Driven by N-O Bond Cleavage: from O-Acyl Hydroxylamines to Tetrodotoxin. Synlett 2023; 34:1563-1572. [PMID: 37841363 PMCID: PMC10574809 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This Account describes new reactions that have been developed in the Johnson laboratories at UNC Chapel Hill enabled by considerations of N-O bond cleavage. Three main case studies are highlighted: the metal-catalyzed electrophilic amination of O-acyl hydroxyl amines, multihetero-Cope rearrangements driven by O-N bond breakage, and merged dearomatization/N=O cycloadditions for the synthesis of complex 4-aminocyclohexanols such as those found in the natural product tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Robins
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Wang F, Zhang F, Song J, Zou S, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang Q. Acute Toxic Effects of Tetrodotoxin in Mice via Intramuscular Injection and Oral Gavage. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050334. [PMID: 37235368 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly fatal marine biotoxin. Constantly increasing intoxications and the lack of specific antitoxic drugs in clinical applications highlight the need for further research into the toxic effects of TTX. Current reports on poisoning cases and the TTX toxicity mechanism suggest that the blocking of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) by TTX is probably reversible, but direct evidence of this is lacking, as far as we are aware. This study explored the acute toxic effects of TTX at sub-lethal doses via different routes, analyzing variations in muscle strength and TTX concentration in the blood in mice. We found that the loss of muscle strength in mice caused by TTX was dose-dependent and reversible, and the death time and muscle strength variations after oral gavage with TTX appeared to occur later and were more variable than those after intramuscular injection. In conclusion, we systematically compared the acute toxic effects of TTX for two different administration routes at sub-lethal doses, directly verifying the reversible reaction of TTX blocking VGSCs and speculating that averting a complete block of VGSCs by TTX could be an effective strategy for preventing death from TTX poisoning. This work may provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of TTX poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Juxingsi Song
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaijun Zou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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N,N'-Di-Boc-2H-Isoindole-2-carboxamidine-First Guanidine-Substituted Isoindole. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248954. [PMID: 36558087 PMCID: PMC9781607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of N,N'-Di-Boc-2H-isoindole-2-carboxamidine, the first representative of isoindoles containing guanidine functionality, was carried out. The cycloaddition reactivity of this new Diels-Alder heterodiene was studied and the title compound was employed as a cycloaddition delivery reagent for guanidine functionality. Higher reactivity was found in comparison with the corresponding pyrrole derivative. Substitution with fluorine or guanidine functionality does not change the reactivities of isoindoles, and these findings are in good accord with computational results.
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8
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Yaegashi Y, Kudo Y, Ueyama N, Onodera KI, Cho Y, Konoki K, Yotsu-Yamashita M. Isolation and Biological Activity of 9- epiTetrodotoxin and Isolation of Tb-242B, Possible Biosynthetic Shunt Products of Tetrodotoxin from Pufferfish. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2199-2206. [PMID: 35994072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1) is a potent voltage-gated sodium channel blocker detected in certain marine and terrestrial organisms. We report here a new TTX analogue, 9-epiTTX (2), and a TTX-related compound, Tb-242B (4), isolated from the pufferfish Takifugu flavipterus and Dichotomyctere ocellatus, respectively. NMR analysis suggested that 2 exists as a mixture of hemilactal and 10,8-lactone forms, whereas other reported TTX analogues are commonly present as an equilibrium mixture of hemilactal and 10,7-lactone forms. Compound 2 and TTX were confirmed not to convert to each other by incubation under neutral and acidic conditions at 37 °C for 24 h. Compound 4 was identified as the 9-epimer of Tb-242A (3), previously reported as a possible biosynthetic precursor of TTX. Compound 4 was partially converted to 3 by incubation in a neutral buffer at 37 °C for 7 days, whereas 3 was not converted to 4 under this condition. Compound 2 was detected in several TTX-containing marine animals and a newt. Mice injected with 600 ng of 2 by intraperitoneal injection did not show any adverse symptoms, suggesting that the C-9 configuration in TTX is critical for its biological activity. Based on the structures, 2 and 4 were predicted to be shunt products for TTX biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yaegashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuta Kudo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ueyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Onodera
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko Cho
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keiichi Konoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
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A shortcut for making a pufferfish poison is achieved at last. Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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