1
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Wang Y, Wu M. Facile Coordination Transitions in AgCrX 2 (X = S, Se): Unprecedented Electrostrain, Negative Piezoelectricity and Thermal Expansion. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9868-9873. [PMID: 39093303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The coefficients of piezoelectricity and thermal expansion are generally positive due to the bond anharmonicity. For converse piezoelectricity, the electrostrain obtained in prevalent ceramics is only around 1%. Here we propose that the coordination transition of metal cations may make a paradigm shift. Through first-principles calculations, we predict a series of low-energy phases with distinct coordinations for Ag ions in superionic conductor AgCrX2 (X = S, Se), including ferroelectric and nonpolar phases with distinct interlayer distances. The mobile feature of Ag ions, which can be attributed to its complex coordination chemistry, can facilitate transformation between various coordination phases. Such facile transitions with ultralow barriers can be driven by applying either pressure, an electric field, or a change in temperature, giving rise to various exotic effects, including electrostrain, negative piezoelectricity, and negative thermal expansion. All with unprecedented giant constants, those mechanisms stem from the coordination transitions, distinct from the weak linear effects in previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Physics and School of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Menghao Wu
- School of Physics and School of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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2
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Zhou X, Zhang J, Luo H, Zhang Y, Tang S, Huang H, Yuan X, Song M, Qi H, Zhang D. Lead-free ferroelectrics with giant unipolar strain for high-precision actuators. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6625. [PMID: 39103339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The trade-off between electrostrain and strain hysteresis for piezo/ferroelectric materials largely restrains the development of high precision actuators and remains unresolved over the past few decades. Here, a simple composition of (Bi0.5Na0.5)1-x/100Srx/100TiO3 in the ergodic relaxor state is collaboratively designed through the segregated domain structure with the ferroelectric core, local polarization heterogeneity, and defect engineering. The ferroelectric core can act as a seed to facilitate the field-induced nonpolar-to-polar transition. Together with the internal bias field caused by defect dipoles and adjusted through electric field cycling and heat treatment technology, a giant unipolar strain of 1.03% is achieved in the x = 30 ceramic with a low hysteresis of 27%, while the electric-field-independent large-signal piezoelectric strain coefficient of ~1000 pm/V and ultralow hysteresis of <10% can be obtained in the x = 35 ceramic. Intriguingly, the low-hysteresis high strain also exhibits near-zero remnant strain, excellent temperature and cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Miao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - He Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
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3
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Wang J, Wang B, Zhang H, Zhang S, Guo Y. Ultrahigh Electrobending Deformation in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics via Defect Concentration Gradient Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404682. [PMID: 38875475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in defect-engineered lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have reported remarkable electrostrain values, surpassing the limit of lattice distortion. This has aroused wide concern on bending deformation and the associated underlying mechanism. Herein, via designing lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with varying volatilization characteristics, it is uncovered that the ultrahigh electrobending deformation is primarily attributed to a large strain gradient induced by unevenly distributed defect dipoles. In 0.5 mm thick Sr/Sn co-doped potassium sodium niobate ceramics featuring volatile K/Na elements, the inherent bipolar electrostrain value can reach 0.3% at 20 kV cm-1 due to the existence of defect dipoles, while the gradient distribution of defect dipole generates significant bending displacement, amplifying apparent electrostrain value to 1.1%. Notably, nonvolatile Ba0.99TiO2.99 ceramic with homogeneous defect dipole distribution does not present electrobending. Of particular interest is that the electrobending phenomenon can be observed through introducing a defect dipole gradient into barium titanate ceramic. A monolayer ceramic with defect dipole gradient can generate large tip displacement (±1.5 mm) in cantilever structure, demonstrating its promising potential in precise positioning. This study delves into the underlying mechanism driving electrobending deformation and its impact on the apparent electrostrain measurement in defect-engineered piezoelectric ceramics, providing fresh perspectives for the development of piezoelectric bending actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Zhao G, Liu L, Tian G, Yin F, Yan Q, Wang J, Zhu M, Jia Z, Zheng L, Fu X, Tao X. Large Piezoelectricity Induced by Internal Stress in (K,Na)NbO 3 Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39066697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a high piezoelectric response and excellent stability is essential for practical applications of ferroelectric materials. Herein, large piezoelectricity of d33 = 167 pC/N and kt = 0.52 is found in a K0.7Na0.3NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric single crystal without poling, which is comparable to the artificially poled KNN crystals. The large piezoelectricity is maintained up to 196 °C, showing excellent thermal stability. It was demonstrated that the high piezoelectricity is associated with strong self-polarization in the crystals. The strong internal stress formed during crystal growth gives a preferred spontaneous polarization orientation, resulting in a net macro total polarization. In addition, the internal stress also pins domain wall motions and provides a "restoring force" for the domain switching. This work provides a strategy for designing and optimizing the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fangyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Junheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zhitai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiuwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Yue Q, Wang P, Liu Z. Grain orientation and shape evolution of ferroelectric ceramic thick films simulated by phase-field method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16433. [PMID: 39014027 PMCID: PMC11252354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The orientation and shape of ceramics grains was always neglected, resulting in a lot of information during sintering has not been excavated. In this study, a modified phase-field model in order to express the anisotropy of grain boundary energy is developed. The effects of the anisotropy of grain boundary energy on the grain orientation and shape evolution are investigated in detail. The ferroelectric ceramic thick films are prepared by tape casting. The comparison of experiment and simulation results shows that the anisotropy of grain boundary energy results in uneven grain orientation and bimodal grain size distribution. The quantitative analysis of grain microstructures helps to establish a relationship with the degree of anisotropy of grain boundary energy. Our findings provide a new way to judge the degree of anisotropy by calculating the relevant parameters in the SEM images of ceramics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China.
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China.
| | - Qingshu Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China
| | - Qidong Yue
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, PR China.
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6
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Tian S, Wang B, Li B, Guo Y, Zhang S, Dai Y. Defect dipole stretching enables ultrahigh electrostrain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2829. [PMID: 38985865 PMCID: PMC11235158 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators have been extensively utilized as micro-displacement devices because of their advantages of large output displacement, high sensitivity, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Here, we propose a straightforward approach to design <110>-oriented defect dipoles by introducing A-site vacancies and oxygen vacancies in (K0.48Na0.52)0.99NbO2.995 ceramics. As a result, we achieve ultrahigh electrostrains of 0.7% at 20 kV cm-1 (with an effective piezoelectric strain coefficient d33* = 3500 pm V-1), outperforming the performance of existing piezoelectric ceramics at the same driving field. The exceptional electrostrain is primarily attributed to the large stretching of defect dipoles when subjected to an applied electric field, a phenomenon that has been experimentally confirmed. Moreover, the strong interaction between these defect dipoles and <110> spontaneous polarizations plays a critical role in minimizing hysteresis and ensuring excellent fatigue resistance. Our findings present a practical and effective strategy for developing high-performance piezoelectric materials tailored for advanced actuator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Binquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yejing Dai
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
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7
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Li J, Chu H, Chen Z, Yiu CK, Qu Q, Li Z, Yu X. Recent Advances in Materials, Devices and Algorithms Toward Wearable Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17407-17438. [PMID: 38923501 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Continuous blood pressure (BP) tracking provides valuable insights into the health condition and functionality of the heart, arteries, and overall circulatory system of humans. The rapid development in flexible and wearable electronics has significantly accelerated the advancement of wearable BP monitoring technologies. However, several persistent challenges, including limited sensing capabilities and stability of flexible sensors, poor interfacial stability between sensors and skin, and low accuracy in BP estimation, have hindered the progress in wearable BP monitoring. To address these challenges, comprehensive innovations in materials design, device development, system optimization, and modeling have been pursued to improve the overall performance of wearable BP monitoring systems. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in flexible and wearable systems toward continuous noninvasive BP tracking with a primary focus on materials development, device design, system integration, and theoretical algorithms. Existing challenges, potential solutions, and further research directions are also discussed to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the development of future wearable systems in continuous ambulatory BP measurement with enhanced sensing capability, robustness, and long-term accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing'ao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Pan H, Zhu M, Banyas E, Alaerts L, Acharya M, Zhang H, Kim J, Chen X, Huang X, Xu M, Harris I, Tian Z, Ricci F, Hanrahan B, Spanier JE, Hautier G, LeBeau JM, Neaton JB, Martin LW. Clamping enables enhanced electromechanical responses in antiferroelectric thin films. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:944-950. [PMID: 38783106 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thin-film materials with large electromechanical responses are fundamental enablers of next-generation micro-/nano-electromechanical applications. Conventional electromechanical materials (for example, ferroelectrics and relaxors), however, exhibit severely degraded responses when scaled down to submicrometre-thick films due to substrate constraints (clamping). This limitation is overcome, and substantial electromechanical responses in antiferroelectric thin films are achieved through an unconventional coupling of the field-induced antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition and the substrate constraints. A detilting of the oxygen octahedra and lattice-volume expansion in all dimensions are observed commensurate with the phase transition using operando electron microscopy, such that the in-plane clamping further enhances the out-of-plane expansion, as rationalized using first-principles calculations. In turn, a non-traditional thickness scaling is realized wherein an electromechanical strain (1.7%) is produced from a model antiferroelectric PbZrO3 film that is just 100 nm thick. The high performance and understanding of the mechanism provide a promising pathway to develop high-performance micro-/nano-electromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Menglin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ella Banyas
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Louis Alaerts
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jiyeob Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xianzhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Harris
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E Spanier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, and Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Departments of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Li T, Deng S, Liu H, Chen J. Insights into Strain Engineering: From Ferroelectrics to Related Functional Materials and Beyond. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7045-7105. [PMID: 38754042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics have become indispensable components in various application fields, including information processing, energy harvesting, and electromechanical conversion, owing to their unique ability to exhibit electrically or mechanically switchable polarization. The distinct polar noncentrosymmetric lattices of ferroelectrics make them highly responsive to specific crystal structures. Even slight changes in the lattice can alter the polarization configuration and response to external fields. In this regard, strain engineering has emerged as a prevalent regulation approach that not only offers a versatile platform for structural and performance optimization within ferroelectrics but also unlocks boundless potential in various functional materials. In this review, we systematically summarize the breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based functional materials achieved through strain engineering and progress in method development. We cover research activities ranging from fundamental attributes to wide-ranging applications and novel functionalities ranging from electromechanical transformation in sensors and actuators to tunable dielectric materials and information technologies, such as transistors and nonvolatile memories. Building upon these achievements, we also explore the endeavors to uncover the unprecedented properties through strain engineering in related chemical functionalities, such as ferromagnetism, multiferroicity, and photoelectricity. Finally, through discussions on the prospects and challenges associated with strain engineering in the materials, this review aims to stimulate the development of new methods for strain regulation and performance boosting in functional materials, transcending the boundaries of ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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10
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Wang JH, Zhu MX, Li YS, Chen SJ, Gong FH, Lv XD, Jiang RJ, Liu SZ, Li C, Wang YJ, Tang YL, Zhu YL, Ma XL. Large Polarization Near 50 μC/cm 2 in a Single Unit Cell Layer SrTiO 3. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4082-4090. [PMID: 38526914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The generally nonpolar SrTiO3 has attracted more attention recently because of its possibly induced novel polar states and related paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions. By using controlled pulsed laser deposition, high-quality, ultrathin, and strained SrTiO3 layers were obtained. Here, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical simulations have unveiled highly polar states in SrTiO3 films even down to one unit cell at room temperature, which were stabilized in the PbTiO3/SrTiO3/PbTiO3 sandwich structures by in-plane tensile strain and interfacial coupling, as evidenced by large tetragonality (∼1.05), notable polar ion displacement (0.019 nm), and thus ultrahigh spontaneous polarization (up to ∼50 μC/cm2). These values are nearly comparable to those of the strong ferroelectrics as the PbZrxTi1-xO3 family. Our findings provide an effective and practical approach for integrating large strain states into oxide films and inducing polarization in nonpolar materials, which may broaden the functionality of nonpolar oxides and pave the way for the discovery of new electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mei-Xiong Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Shu Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng-Hui Gong
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Lv
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ru-Jian Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Su-Zhen Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changji Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zhu
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Ma
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Zhang HY, Tang YY, Gu ZX, Wang P, Chen XG, Lv HP, Li PF, Jiang Q, Gu N, Ren S, Xiong RG. Biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystal with large piezoelectric response. Science 2024; 383:1492-1498. [PMID: 38547269 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Transient implantable piezoelectric materials are desirable for biosensing, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial and tumor therapy. For use in the human body, they must show flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These requirements are challenging for conventional inorganic piezoelectric oxides and piezoelectric polymers. We discovered high piezoelectricity in a molecular crystal HOCH2(CF2)3CH2OH [2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane-1,5-diol (HFPD)] with a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ~138 picocoulombs per newton and piezoelectric voltage constant g33 of ~2450 × 10-3 volt-meters per newton under no poling conditions, which also exhibits good biocompatibility toward biological cells and desirable biodegradation and biosafety in physiological environments. HFPD can be composite with polyvinyl alcohol to form flexible piezoelectric films with a d33 of 34.3 picocoulombs per newton. Our material demonstrates the ability for molecular crystals to have attractive piezoelectric properties and should be of interest for applications in transient implantable electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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12
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Lin J, Qian J, Ge G, Yang Y, Li J, Wu X, Li G, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhai J, Shi X, Wu H. Multiscale reconfiguration induced highly saturated poling in lead-free piezoceramics for giant energy conversion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2560. [PMID: 38519493 PMCID: PMC10959963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of high-performance lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based piezoceramics for replacing commercial lead-containing counterparts is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable society. Although the proposed new phase boundaries (NPB) can effectively improve the piezoelectricity of KNN-based ceramics, the difficulty of achieving saturated poling and the underlying multiscale structures resolution of their complex microstructures are urgent issues. Here, we employ a medium entropy strategy to design NPB and utilize texture engineering to induce crystal orientation. The developed K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics enjoys both prominent piezoelectric performance and satisfactory Curie temperature, thus exhibiting an ultrahigh energy harvesting performance as well as excellent transducer performance, which is highly competitive in both lead-free and lead-based piezoceramics. Comprehensive structural analysis have ascertained that the field-induced efficient multiscale polarization configurations irreversible transitions greatly encourages high saturated poling. This study demonstrates a strategy for designing high-performance piezoceramics and establishes a close correlation between the piezoelectricty and the underlying multiscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglong Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Functional Materials and Acoustooptic Instruments Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Haijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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13
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Wu B, Zhao L, Feng J, Zhang Y, Song X, Ma J, Tao H, Xu Z, Liu YX, Wang S, Lu J, Zhu F, Han B, Wang K. Contribution of irreversible non-180° domain to performance for multiphase coexisted potassium sodium niobate ceramics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2408. [PMID: 38499590 PMCID: PMC10948830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the dominance of lead-based piezoelectric materials with ultrahigh electric-field-induced strain in actuating applications, seeking eco-friendly substitutes with an equivalent performance remains an urgent demand. Here, a strategy of regulating the irreversible non-180° domain via phase engineering is introduced to optimize the available strain (the difference between the maximum strain and the remnant strain in a unipolar strain curve) in the lead-free potassium-sodium niobate-based piezoelectric ceramics. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Rayleigh analysis reveal the contribution of the non-180° domain to available strain in the tetragonal-orthorhombic-rhombohedral phase boundary. The reducing orthorhombic phase and increasing rhombohedral/tetragonal phase accompanied by the reduced irreversible non-180° domain are obtained with increasing doping of Sb5+, resulting in an enlarged available strain due to the significantly lowered remnant strain. This optimization is mainly attributed to the reduced irreversible non-180° domain wall motion and the increased lattice distortion, which are beneficial to decrease extrinsic contribution and enhance intrinsic contribution. The mesoscopic structure of miniaturized nanosized domain with facilitated domain switching also contributes to the enhancement of available strain due to the improved random field and decreased energy barrier. The study will shed light on the design of lead-free high-performance piezoelectric ceramics for actuator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Feng
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xilong Song
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Tao
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Ze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jingtong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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14
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Lu X, Lu P, Wei Y, Zhu C, Su H, Qiu X, Feng S, Qiu P, Shi X, Chen L, Xu F. Micromechanism for Copper-Deficiency Enhanced Stability: A Quasi In Situ TEM Study of Electric-Induced Structural Evolution in Cu 2-x(S, Se) Liquid-Like Thermoelectric Materials. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2853-2860. [PMID: 38407019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cu-based liquid-like thermoelectric materials have garnered tremendous attention due to their inherent ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. However, their practical application is hampered by stability issues under a large current or temperature gradient. It has been reported that introduction of copper vacancies can enhance the chemical stability, whereas the micromechanism behind this macroscopic improvement still remains unknown. Here, we have established a quasi in situ TEM method to examine and compare the structural evolution of Cu2-xS0.2Se0.8 (x = 0, 0.05) under external electric fields. It is then found that the preset Cu vacancies could favor the electric-induced formation of a more stable intermediate phase, i.e., the hexagonal CuSe-type structure in the form of either lamellar defects (majorly) or long-range order (minorly), in which ordering of S and Se also occurred. Thereby, copper and chalcogen atoms could largely be solidified into the matrix, and the elemental deposition and evaporation process is mitigated under an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hong Su
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Zhang H, Krynski M, Fortes AD, Saunders TG, Palma M, Hao Y, Krok F, Yan H, Abrahams I. Origin of Polarization in Bismuth Sodium Titanate-Based Ceramics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5569-5579. [PMID: 38353048 PMCID: PMC10910510 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The classical view of the structural changes that occur at the ferroelectric transition in perovskite-structured systems, such as BaTiO3, is that polarization occurs due to the off-center displacement of the B-site cations. Here, we show that in the bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-based composition 0.2(Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3)-0.8(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3), this model does not accurately describe the structural situation. Such BNT-based systems are of interest as lead-free alternatives to currently used materials in a variety of piezo-/ferroelectric applications. A combination of high-resolution powder neutron diffraction, impedance spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations reveals that Ti4+ contributes less than a third in magnitude to the overall polarization and that the displacements of the O2- ions and the A-site cations, particularly Bi3+, are very significant. The detailed examination of the ferroelectric transition in this system offers insights applicable to the understanding of such transitions in other ferroelectric perovskites, particularly those containing lone pair elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Marcin Krynski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - A Dominic Fortes
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, U.K
| | - Theo Graves Saunders
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Yang Hao
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Franciszek Krok
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Haixue Yan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Isaac Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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16
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He X, Boda MA, Chen C, Dun R, Wang L, Bao Y, Pang D, Guo L, Zeng H, Li Y, Yi Z. Ultra-large electromechanical deformation in lead-free piezoceramics at reduced thickness. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1079-1087. [PMID: 38093683 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lead-free piezoceramics with large controllable deformations are highly desirable for numerous energy converter applications ranging from consumer electronics to medical microrobots. Although several new classes of high-performance ferroelectrics have been discovered, a universal strategy to enable various piezoceramics to realize large electromechanical deformations is still lacking. Herein, by gradually reducing the thickness from 0.5 mm to 0.1 mm, we discover that a large nominal electrostrain of ∼11.49% can be achieved in thin 0.937(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.063BaTiO3 (BNT-BT) ceramics with highly asymmetric strain-electric field curves. Further analyses of the polarization switching process reveal that the boosted strain curves originate from the bending deformation driven by asymmetric ferroelastic switching in the surface layers. Based on this, one monolayer BNT-BT was designed to realize digital displacement actuation and a scanning mirror application with a maximum mirror deflection angle of 44.38°. Moreover, the surface effect-induced bending deformation can be extended to other piezoceramics, accompanied by derived shape retention effects. These discoveries raise the possibility of utilizing thickness engineering to design large-displacement actuators and may accelerate the development of high-performance lead-free piezoceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muzaffar Ahmad Boda
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Rongmin Dun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yizheng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Dongfang Pang
- College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Huarong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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17
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Liu J, Zeng S, Zhang M, Xiong J, Gu H, Wang Z, Hu Y, Zhang X, Du Y, Ren L. Giant Piezoelectric Output and Stability Enhancement in Piezopolymer Composites with Liquid Metal Nanofillers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304096. [PMID: 37705125 PMCID: PMC10754131 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrating nanomaterials into the polymer matrix is an effective strategy to optimize the performance of polymer-based piezoelectric devices. Nevertheless, the trade-off between the output enhancement and stability maintenance of piezoelectric composites usually leads to an unsatisfied overall performance for the high-strength operation of devices. Here, by setting liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets as the nanofillers in a poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) matrix, the as-formed liquid-solid/conductive-dielectric interfaces significantly promote the piezoelectric output and the reliability of this piezoelectric composite. A giant performance improvement featured is obtained with, nearly 1000% boosting on the output voltage (as high as 212 V), 270% increment on the piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ∼51.1 pC N-1 ) and long-term reliability on both structure and output (over 36 000 cycles). The design of a novel heterogenous interface with both mechanical matching and electric coupling can be the new orientation for developing high performance piezoelectric composite-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Haoshuang Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Yongming Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of MicroelectronicsHubei UniversityWuhan430062P. R. China
| | - Yi Du
- Center of Quantum and Matter Science and School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Long Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingInternational School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
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18
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Guan Y, Sun Y, Wang J, Huangfu G, Li H, Zhang S, Guo Y. Superior Electromechanical Compatibility in Lead-Free Piezoceramics with Mobile Transition-Metal Defects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37889474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Donor and acceptor ions serving as extrinsic defects in piezoelectrics are mostly used to improve the performance merits to satisfy the industrial application. However, the conventional doping strategy is unable to overcome the inherent trade-off between the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and mechanical quality factor (Qm). Herein, inspired by the valence state variation observed in manganese oxides during sintering, this study focuses on manipulating intrinsic oxygen vacancies and extrinsic manganese defects in potassium sodium niobate (KNN) ceramics via heat treatment. The annealing process results in a simultaneous improvement in both d33 (20%) and Qm (80%), leading to comparable performance with commercial PZT-5A ceramics and enabling their application in atomizer components. Moreover, the mechanism of manganese occupation and diffusion is proposed by an extended X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory analysis. The improved electromechanical performance in the annealed KNN ceramic is associated with the optimized redistribution of acceptor and donor manganese defects, which is facilitated by the recombination of oxygen vacancies. This work breaks longstanding obstacles in comprehending the existing forms of manganese in KNN and offers potential in popularizing KNN-based piezoceramics to replace traditional PZT lead-based counterparts in the industrial market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Geng Huangfu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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19
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Wang Y, Wang P, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tian W, Liu X, Zhu F, Shi J. Defect Dipole Behaviors on the Strain Performances of Bismuth Sodium Titanate-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114008. [PMID: 37297142 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-based, lead-free piezoelectric materials have been extensively studied due to their excellent strain characteristics and environmental friendliness. In BNTs, the large strain (S) usually requires a relatively large electric field (E) excitation, resulting in a low inverse piezoelectric coefficient d33* (S/E). Moreover, the hysteresis and fatigue of strain in these materials have also been bottlenecks impeding the applications. The current common regulation method is chemical modification, which mainly focuses on forming a solid solution near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) by adjusting the phase transition temperature of the materials, such as BNT-BaTiO3, BNT-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3, etc., to obtain a large strain. Additionally, the strain regulation based on the defects introduced by the acceptor, donor, or equivalent dopant or the nonstoichiometry has proven effective, but its underlying mechanism is still ambiguous. In this paper, we review the generation of strain and then discuss it from the domain, volume, and boundary effect perspectives to understand the defect dipole behavior. The asymmetric effect caused by the coupling between defect dipole polarization and ferroelectric spontaneous polarization is expounded. Moreover, the defect effect on the conductive and fatigue properties of BNT-based solid solutions is described, which will affect the strain characteristics. The optimization approach is appropriately evaluated while there are still challenges in the full understanding of the defect dipoles and their strain output, in which further efforts are needed to achieve new breakthroughs in atomic-level insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Laijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yuyin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenchao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (MOE), School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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20
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Qin H, Yang T, Chen X, Li L, Han Z, Wang K, Zhang B, Lu W, Chen LQ, Bernholc J, Wang Q. Electro-thermal actuation in percolative ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01564-7. [PMID: 37231245 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interconversion between electrical and mechanical energies is pivotal to ferroelectrics to enable their applications in transducers, actuators and sensors. Ferroelectric polymers exhibit a giant electric-field-induced strain (>4.0%), markedly exceeding the actuation strain (≤1.7%) of piezoelectric ceramics and crystals. However, their normalized elastic energy densities remain orders of magnitude smaller than those of piezoelectric ceramics and crystals, severely limiting their practical applications in soft actuators. Here we report the use of electro-thermally induced ferroelectric phase transition in percolative ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites to achieve high strain performance in electric-field-driven actuation materials. We demonstrate a strain of over 8% and an output mechanical energy density of 11.3 J cm-3 at an electric field of 40 MV m-1 in the composite, outperforming the benchmark relaxor single-crystal ferroelectrics. This approach overcomes the trade-off between mechanical modulus and electro-strains in conventional piezoelectric polymer composites and opens up an avenue for high-performance ferroelectric actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hancheng Qin
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhubing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wenchang Lu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J Bernholc
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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21
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Liu K, Ma W, Ben N, Zhu H, Xu W, Gao H, Samart C, Kongparakul S, Zhang H, Tan H. Superior Large-Signal Piezoelectric Coefficient in Textured NBT-Based Piezoceramics by Template-Induced Structure and Composition Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24595-24605. [PMID: 37161308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The field-induced-phase transition in (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoceramics can be facilitated in the ⟨001⟩-crystallographic orientation, and the templated grain growth is an effective method to align polycrystalline ceramics along with specific directions. However, due to the low texturing degree and undesirable composite effect of the added templates, the textured ceramics using the templated grain growth (TGG) method usually require a higher driving field to trigger the phase transition instead. Here, ⟨001⟩-textured (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.935Ba0.065Ti0.978(Fe0.5Nb0.5)0.022O3 ceramics are prepared through a liquid-phase-assisted TGG process at a low sintering temperature (1000 °C), in which the NaNbO3 (NN) templates induce a strong crystallographic anisotropic structure (a high Lotgering factor of 95%) while dissolving into oriented grains. The dissolution of templates acts as a composition doping and contributes to reducing the driving electric field as proven by the phase-field simulation analysis. Furthermore, electrical and structural characterizations reveal that an increased ionic disorder occurs in the textured ceramic, causing highly dynamic polar nanoregions and a larger reversible phase transition. Thanks to the appropriate structure/composition control, the textured ceramic achieves a large d33* value of 907 pm/V at 40 kV/cm. The high-performance lead-free ceramic under low driving electric field benefits the development of multilayer piezoelectric actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ningyu Ben
- Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, P. R. China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518129, P. R. China
| | - Huayun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chanatip Samart
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwadee Kongparakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71420, Vietnam
- Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
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22
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Luo H, Liu H, Huang H, Song Y, Tucker MG, Sun Z, Yao Y, Gao B, Ren Y, Tang M, Qi H, Deng S, Zhang S, Chen J. Achieving giant electrostrain of above 1% in (Bi,Na)TiO 3-based lead-free piezoelectrics via introducing oxygen-defect composition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7078. [PMID: 36735779 PMCID: PMC9897659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric ceramics have been extensively used in actuators, where the magnitude of electrostrain is key indicator for large-stroke actuation applications. Here, we propose an innovative strategy based on defect chemistry to form a defect-engineered morphotropic phase boundary and achieve a giant strain of 1.12% in lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)-based ceramics. The incorporation of the hypothetical perovskite BaAlO2.5 with nominal oxygen defect into BNT will form strongly polarized directional defect dipoles, leading to a strong pinning effect after aging. The large asymmetrical strain is mainly attributed to two factors: The defect dipoles along crystallographic [001] direction destroy the long-range ordering of the ferroelectric and activate a reversible phase transition while promoting polarization rotation when the dipoles are aligned along the applied electric field. Our results not only demonstrate the potential application of BNT-based materials in low-frequency, large-stroke actuators but also provide a general methodology to achieve large strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Matthew G. Tucker
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yonghao Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baitao Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - He Qi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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