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The Therapeutic Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Mediated Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Gut Microbiota Relationships in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194113. [PMID: 36235765 PMCID: PMC9572225 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recognized as a promising dietary regimen for the treatment of several diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre in the gut have potential value for their underlying epigenetic role in the treatment of obesity and asthma-related inflammation through mediating the relationships between VLCKD and the infant gut microbiota. However, it is still unclear how VLCKD might influence gut microbiota composition in children, and how SCFAs could play a role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To overcome this knowledge gap, this review aims to investigate the role of SCFAs as key epigenetic metabolites that mediate VLCKD-gut microbiota relationships in children, and their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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Liu T, Li H, Conley YP, Primack BA, Wang J, Lo WJ, Li C. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Prediabetes Status Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881633. [PMID: 35769078 PMCID: PMC9234217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first genome-wide association study of prediabetes status change (to diabetes or normal glycaemia) among 900 White participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis was performed by logistic regression models, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and the first 3 genetic principal components. Gene-based analysis was conducted by combining SNP-based p values using effective Chi-square test method. Promising SNPs (p < 1×10-5) and genes (p < 1×10-4) were further evaluated for replication among 514 White participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). To accommodate familial correlations, generalized estimation equation models were applied for SNP-based analyses in the FHS. Analysis results across ARIC and FHS were combined using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis method for SNPs and Fisher's method for genes. We robustly identified 5 novel genes that are associated with prediabetes status change using gene-based analyses, including SGCZ (ARIC p = 9.93×10-6, FHS p = 2.00×10-3, Meta p = 3.72×10-7) at 8p22, HPSE2 (ARIC p = 8.26×10-19, FHS p = 5.85×10-3, Meta p < 8.26×10-19) at 10q24.2, ADGRA1 (ARIC p = 1.34×10-5, FHS p = 1.13×10-3, Meta p = 2.88×10-7) at 10q26.3, GLB1L3 (ARIC p = 3.71×10-6, FHS p = 4.51×10-3, Meta p = 3.16×10-7) at 11q25, and PCSK6 (ARIC p = 6.51×10-6, FHS p = 1.10×10-2, Meta p = 1.25×10-6) at 15q26.3. eQTL analysis indicated that these genes were highly expressed in tissues related to diabetes development. However, we were not able to identify any novel locus in single SNP-based analysis. Future large scale genomic studies of prediabetes status change are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Hongjin Li
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A. Primack
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Changwei Li,
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Chen JR, Zhao H, Wankhade UD, Chintapalli SV, Li C, Gai D, Shankar K, Zhan F, Lazarenko OP. GPR109A mediates the effects of hippuric acid on regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:53. [PMID: 33420329 PMCID: PMC7794563 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 109 A (GPR109A) is robustly expressed in osteoclastic precursor macrophages. Previous studies suggested that GPR109A mediates effects of diet-derived phenolic acids such as hippuric acid (HA) and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3-3-PPA) on promoting bone formation. However, the role of GPR109A in metabolic bone homeostasis and osteoclast differentiation has not been investigated. Using densitometric, bone histologic and molecular signaling analytic methods, we uncovered that bone mass and strength were significantly higher in tibia and spine of standard rodent diet weaned 4-week-old and 6-month-old GPR109A gene deletion (GPR109A-/-) mice, compared to their wild type controls. Osteoclast numbers in bone and in ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures were significantly decreased in GPR109A-/- mice compared to wild type controls. In accordance with these data, CTX-1 in bone marrow plasma and gene expression of bone resorption markers (TNFα, TRAP, Cathepsin K) were significantly decreased in GPR109A-/- mice, while on the other hand, P1NP was increased in serum from both male and female GPR109A-/- mice compared to their respective controls. GPR109A deletion led to suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoclast precursors to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and activity. Indeed, HA and 3-3-PPA substantially inhibited RANKL-induced GPR109A expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoclast precursors and osteoclast differentiation. Resultantly, HA significantly inhibited bone resorption and increased bone mass in wild type mice, but had no additional effects on bone in GPR109A-/- mice compared with their respective untreated control mice. These results suggest an important role for GPR109A during osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption mediating effects of HA and 3-3-PPA on inhibiting bone resorption during skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Can Li
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Dongzheng Gai
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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Chen JR, Wankhade UD, Alund AW, Blackburn ML, Shankar K, Lazarenko OP. 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-Propionic Acid (PPA) Suppresses Osteoblastic Cell Senescence to Promote Bone Accretion in Mice. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10201. [PMID: 31667457 PMCID: PMC6808226 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids (PAs) are metabolites derived from polyphenolic compounds found in fruits and vegetables resulting from the actions of gut bacteria. Previously, we reported that the levels of seven individual PAs were found to be at least 10 times higher in the serum of rats fed a blueberry (BB)‐containing diet compared to those fed a control diet. We have characterized the effects of one such BB‐associated serum PA, 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionic acid (PPA), on senescence signaling and promotion of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteoblasts, while suppressing adipogenesis in the stem cells. To better understand the mechanistic actions of PPA on bone formation in vivo, we administered four doses of PPA (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day; daily i.p.) to 1‐month‐old female C57BL6/J mice for 30 days. We did not observe significant effects of PPA on cortical bone; however, there were significantly higher bone volume and trabecular thickness and increased osteoblastic cell number, but decreased osteoclastic cell number in PPA‐treated groups compared to controls. These morphological and cellular outcomes of bone were reflected in changes of bone formation markers in serum and bone marrow plasma. PPA treatment reduced senescence signaling as evaluated by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, PPARγ, p53, and p21 expression in bone. In conclusion, PPA is capable of altering the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation program and bone cell senescence. This raises the possibility that BB‐rich diets promote bone growth through increasing systemic PAs, a question that merits additional investigation. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock AR USA.,Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock AR USA.,Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Alexander W Alund
- Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock AR USA.,Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock AR USA.,Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock AR USA.,Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
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Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Zhang J, Blackburn ML, Ronis MJJ, Badger TM. Diet-derived phenolic acids regulate osteoblast and adipocyte lineage commitment and differentiation in young mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1043-53. [PMID: 23832484 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A blueberry (BB)-supplemented diet has been previously shown to significantly stimulate bone formation in rapidly growing male and female rodents. Phenolic acids (PAs) are metabolites derived from polyphenols found in fruits and vegetables as a result of the actions of gut bacteria, and they were found in the serum of rats fed BB-containing diet. We conducted in vitro studies with PAs and demonstrated stimulation of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. On the other hand, adipogenesis was inhibited. To more fully understand the mechanistic actions of PAs on bone formation, we administered hippuric acid, one of the major metabolites found in animal circulation after BB consumption, to prepubertal female mice for 2 weeks. We found that hippuric acid was able to stimulate bone-forming gene expression but suppress PPARγ expression, leading to increased bone mass dose-dependently. Cellular signaling studies further suggested that the skeletal effects of PAs appeared to be mediated through activation of G-protein-coupled receptor 109A and downstream p38 MAP kinase and osterix. In conclusion, PAs are capable of altering the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation program and merit investigation as potential dietary therapeutic alternatives to drugs for degenerative bone disorders. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Abstract
Many tissues of the body cannot only repair themselves, but also self-renew, a property mainly due to stem cells and the various mechanisms that regulate their behavior. Stem cell biology is a relatively new field. While advances are slowly being realized, stem cells possess huge potential to ameliorate disease and counteract the aging process, causing its speculation as the next panacea. Amidst public pressure to advance rapidly to clinical trials, there is a need to understand the biology of stem cells and to support basic research programs. Without a proper comprehension of how cells and tissues are maintained during the adult life span, clinical trials are bound to fail. This review will cover the basic biology of stem cells, the various types of stem cells, their potential function, and the advantages and disadvantages to their use in medicine. We will next cover the role of G protein-coupled receptors in the regulation of stem cells and their potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAN A. DOZE
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
| | - DIANNE M. PEREZ
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA (V.A.D.), and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA (D.M.P.)
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