1
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Zhang X, Ma L, Xue M, Sun Y, Wang Z. Advances in lymphatic metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:201. [PMID: 38566083 PMCID: PMC10986052 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a deeply malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. Despite the rapid development of diagnosis and treatment technology, abundant patients with lung cancer are still inevitably faced with recurrence and metastasis, contributing to death. Lymphatic metastasis is the first step of distant metastasis and an important prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis is involved in the construction of the tumor microenvironment, except promoting malignant proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, it also plays a crucial role in individual response to treatment, especially immunotherapy. Thus, this article reviews the current research status of lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer, in order to provide some insights for the basic research and clinical and translational application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Man Xue
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yanning Sun
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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2
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Dhupar R, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Gemmill RM, Bardawil CE, Udoh HM, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Soloff AC. Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1446. [PMID: 38592275 PMCID: PMC10934188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity has evolved to balance the destructive nature of inflammation with wound healing to overcome trauma, infection, environmental insults, and rogue malignant cells. The inflammatory response is marked by overlapping phases of initiation, resolution, and post-resolution remodeling. However, the disruption of these events can lead to prolonged tissue damage and organ dysfunction, resulting long-term disease states. Macrophages are the archetypic phagocytes present within all tissues and are important contributors to these processes. Pleiotropic and highly plastic in their responses, macrophages support tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration, all while balancing immunologic self-tolerance with the clearance of noxious stimuli, pathogens, and malignant threats. Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), a promiscuous co-receptor for growth factors, semaphorins, and integrins, has increasingly been recognized for its unique role in tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. Notably, recent studies have begun to elucidate the role of Nrp2 in both non-hematopoietic cells and macrophages with cardiothoracic disease. Herein, we describe the unique role of Nrp2 in diseases of the heart and lung, with an emphasis on Nrp2 in macrophages, and explore the potential to target Nrp2 as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Amy A. Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Seth H. Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Robert M. Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Charles E. Bardawil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Hannah M. Udoh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Andrea Cubitt
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (A.C.); (L.A.N.)
| | | | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (H.M.U.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Surgical and Research Services, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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3
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Wang M, Wisniewski CA, Xiong C, Chhoy P, Goel HL, Kumar A, Zhu LJ, Li R, St Louis PA, Ferreira LM, Pakula H, Xu Z, Loda M, Jiang Z, Brehm MA, Mercurio AM. Therapeutic blocking of VEGF binding to neuropilin-2 diminishes PD-L1 expression to activate antitumor immunity in prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade5855. [PMID: 37134151 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancers are largely unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and there is strong evidence that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression itself must be inhibited to activate antitumor immunity. Here, we report that neuropilin-2 (NRP2), which functions as a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor on tumor cells, is an attractive target to activate antitumor immunity in prostate cancer because VEGF-NRP2 signaling sustains PD-L1 expression. NRP2 depletion increased T cell activation in vitro. In a syngeneic model of prostate cancer that is resistant to ICI, inhibition of the binding of VEGF to NRP2 using a mouse-specific anti-NRP2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) resulted in necrosis and tumor regression compared with both an anti-PD-L1 mAb and control immunoglobulin G. This therapy also decreased tumor PD-L1 expression and increased immune cell infiltration. We observed that the NRP2, VEGFA, and VEGFC genes are amplified in metastatic castration-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. We also found that individuals with NRP2High PD-L1High metastatic tumors had lower androgen receptor expression and higher neuroendocrine prostate cancer scores than other individuals with prostate cancer. In organoids derived from patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer, therapeutic inhibition of VEGF binding to NRP2 using a high-affinity humanized mAb suitable for clinical use also diminished PD-L1 expression and caused a substantial increase in immune-mediated tumor cell killing, consistent with the animal studies. These findings provide justification for the initiation of clinical trials using this function-blocking NRP2 mAb in prostate cancer, especially for patients with aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christi A Wisniewski
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Choua Xiong
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Peter Chhoy
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hira Lal Goel
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pamela A St Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lindsay M Ferreira
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology, Cornell Weill School of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- aTyr Pharma Inc., San Diego CA, 92121, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Cornell Weill School of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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4
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Neuropilin (NRPs) Related Pathological Conditions and Their Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158402. [PMID: 35955539 PMCID: PMC9368954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) represents one of the two homologous neuropilins (NRP, splice variants of neuropilin 2 are the other) found in all vertebrates. It forms a transmembrane glycoprotein distributed in many human body tissues as a (co)receptor for a variety of different ligands. In addition to its physiological role, it is also associated with various pathological conditions. Recently, NRP1 has been discovered as a coreceptor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, along with ACE2, and has thus become one of the COVID-19 research foci. However, in addition to COVID-19, the current review also summarises its other pathological roles and its involvement in clinical diseases like cancer and neuropathic pain. We also discuss the diversity of native NRP ligands and perform a joint analysis. Last but not least, we review the therapeutic roles of NRP1 and introduce a series of NRP1 modulators, which are typical peptidomimetics or other small molecule antagonists, to provide the medicinal chemistry community with a state-of-the-art overview of neuropilin modulator design and NRP1 druggability assessment.
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5
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Dutta S, Polavaram NS, Islam R, Bhattacharya S, Bodas S, Mayr T, Roy S, Albala SAY, Toma MI, Darehshouri A, Borkowetz A, Conrad S, Fuessel S, Wirth M, Baretton GB, Hofbauer LC, Ghosh P, Pienta KJ, Klinkebiel DL, Batra SK, Muders MH, Datta K. Neuropilin-2 regulates androgen-receptor transcriptional activity in advanced prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3747-3760. [PMID: 35754042 PMCID: PMC9979947 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR) is one of the dominant mechanisms for developing of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Analyzing AR-transcriptional complex related to CRPC is therefore important towards understanding the mechanism of therapy resistance. While studying its mechanism, we observed that a transmembrane protein called neuropilin-2 (NRP2) plays a contributory role in forming a novel AR-transcriptional complex containing nuclear pore proteins. Using immunogold electron microscopy, high-resolution confocal microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, proteomics, and other biochemical techniques, we delineated the molecular mechanism of how a specific splice variant of NRP2 becomes sumoylated upon ligand stimulation and translocates to the inner nuclear membrane. This splice variant of NRP2 then stabilizes the complex between AR and nuclear pore proteins to promote CRPC specific gene expression. Both full-length and splice variants of AR have been identified in this specific transcriptional complex. In vitro cell line-based assays indicated that depletion of NRP2 not only destabilizes the AR-nuclear pore protein interaction but also inhibits the transcriptional activities of AR. Using an in vivo bone metastasis model, we showed that the inhibition of NRP2 led to the sensitization of CRPC cells toward established anti-AR therapies such as enzalutamide. Overall, our finding emphasize the importance of combinatorial inhibition of NRP2 and AR as an effective therapeutic strategy against treatment refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Navatha Shree Polavaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sreyashi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Marieta I. Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anza Darehshouri
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paramita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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6
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Islam R, Mishra J, Bodas S, Bhattacharya S, Batra SK, Dutta S, Datta K. Role of Neuropilin-2-mediated signaling axis in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:771-787. [PMID: 35776228 PMCID: PMC9247951 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane proteins involved in vascular and nervous system development by regulating angiogenesis and axon guidance cues. Several published reports have established their role in tumorigenesis. NRPs are detectable in tumor cells of several cancer types and participate in cancer progression. NRP2 is also expressed in endothelial and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promotes functions such as lymphangiogenesis and immune suppression important for cancer progression. In this review, we have taken a comprehensive approach to discussing various aspects of NRP2-signaling in cancer, including its regulation, functional significance in cancer progression, and how we could utilize our current knowledge to advance the studies and target NRP2 to develop effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sreyashi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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7
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Dhupar R, Jones KE, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Ding K, Chen F, Nasarre C, Cen Z, Gong YN, LaRue AC, Yeh ES, Luketich JD, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Lotze MT, Gemmill RM, Soloff AC. Isoforms of Neuropilin-2 Denote Unique Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830169. [PMID: 35651620 PMCID: PMC9149656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exert profound influence over breast cancer progression, promoting immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), consisting of the NRP2a and NRP2b isoforms, is a co-receptor for heparin-binding growth factors including VEGF-C and Class 3 Semaphorins. Selective upregulation in response to environmental stimuli and independent signaling pathways endow the NRP2 isoforms with unique functionality, with NRP2b promoting increased Akt signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFRs, MET, and PDGFR. Although NRP2 has been shown to regulate macrophage/TAM biology, the role of the individual NRP2a/NRP2b isoforms in TAMs has yet to be evaluated. Using transcriptional profiling and spectral flow cytometry, we show that NRP2 isoform expression was significantly higher in TAMs from murine mammary tumors. NRP2a/NRP2b levels in human breast cancer metastasis were dependent upon the anatomic location of the tumor and significantly correlated with TAM infiltration in both primary and metastatic breast cancers. We define distinct phenotypes of NRP2 isoform-expressing TAMs in mouse models of breast cancer and within malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients which were exclusive of neuropilin-1 expression. Genetic depletion of either NRP2 isoform in macrophages resulted in a dramatic reduction of LPS-induced IL-10 production, defects in phagosomal processing of apoptotic breast cancer cells, and increase in cancer cell migration following co-culture. By contrast, depletion of NRP2b, but not NRP2a, inhibited production of IL-6. These results suggest that NRP2 isoforms regulate both shared and unique functionality in macrophages and are associated with distinct TAM subsets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Surgical Services Division, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Katherine E Jones
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amy A Powers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Seth H Eisenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kai Ding
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecile Nasarre
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhanpeng Cen
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Adam C Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Charleston, SC, United States
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8
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Pawlak JB, Blobe GC. TGF-β superfamily co-receptors in cancer. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:137-163. [PMID: 33797167 PMCID: PMC8484463 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is frequently modified by TGF-β superfamily co-receptors. Signaling through SMAD-mediated pathways may be enhanced or depressed depending on the specific co-receptor and cell context. This dynamic effect on signaling is further modified by the release of many of the co-receptors from the membrane to generate soluble forms that are often antagonistic to the membrane-bound receptors. The co-receptors discussed here include TβRIII (betaglycan), endoglin, BAMBI, CD109, SCUBE proteins, neuropilins, Cripto-1, MuSK, and RGMs. Dysregulation of these co-receptors can lead to altered TGF-β superfamily signaling that contributes to the pathophysiology of many cancers through regulation of growth, metastatic potential, and the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe the role of several TGF-β superfamily co-receptors on TGF-β superfamily signaling and the impact on cellular and physiological functions with a particular focus on cancer, including a discussion on recent pharmacological advances and potential clinical applications targeting these co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center,Corresponding author: Gerard Blobe, B354 LSRC, Box 91004 DUMC, Durham, NC 27708, , 919-668-1352
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9
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Neuropilin-2 and Its Transcript Variants Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040550. [PMID: 33918816 PMCID: PMC8070368 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer ranks among the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. In our previous study, the transmembrane protein neuropilin-2 (NRP2) emerged as a predictive marker in patients with bladder cancer. NRP2 consists of several splice variants; the most abundant of these, NRP2a and NRP2b, are reported to have different biological functions in lung cancer progression. For other cancer types, there are no published data on the role of these transcript variants in cancer progression and the clinical outcome. Here, we correlate NRP2 and its two most abundant transcript variants, NRP2A and NRP2B, with the clinical outcome using available genomic data with subsequent validation in our own cohort of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In addition to NRP2, NRP1 and the NRP ligands PDGFC and PDGFD were studied. Only NRP2A emerged as an independent prognostic marker for shorter cancer-specific survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in our cohort of 102 patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2008 and 2014 with a median follow-up time of 82 months. Additionally, we demonstrate that high messenger expression of NRP2, NRP1, PDGFC and PDGFD associates with a more aggressive disease (i.e., a high T stage, positive lymph node status and reduced survival).
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10
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Zhou Z, Zhao D, Zhang P, Zhang M, Leng X, Yao B. The enzymatic hydrolysates from deer sinew promote MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis by regulating multiple functional genes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:59. [PMID: 33568122 PMCID: PMC7877118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deer Sinew serves as a medicinal food, and has been used for treating skeletal diseases, especially bone diseases in a long history. Thus, it could become an alternative option for the prevention and therapeutic remedy of bone-related diseases. In our previous study, we established an optimal extraction process of the enzymatic hydrolysates from Chinese Sika deer sinews (DSEH), and we demonstrated that DSEH significantly promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (an osteoblast-like cell line) with a certain dose-effect relationship. However, the precise molecular mechanism of deer sinew in regulating bone strength is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of DSEH on MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Methods Preparation and quality control were performed as previously described. The effect of DSEH at different administrated concentrations on cell proliferation was measured using both CCK-8 and MTT assays, and the capacity of DSEH on extracellular matrix synthesis was detected by Alizarin red staining and quantification. The gene expression pattern change of MC3T3-E1 cells under the treatment of DSEH was investigated by RNA-seq analysis accompanied with validation methods. Results We demonstrated that DSEH promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis by regulating multiple functional genes. DSEH significantly increased the expression levels of genes that promoted cell proliferation such as Gstp1, Timp1, Serpine1, Cyr61, Crlf1, Thbs1, Ctgf, P4ha2, Sod3 and Nqo1. However, DSEH significantly decreased the expression levels of genes that inhibited cell proliferation such as Mt1, Cdc20, Gas1, Nrp2, Cmtm3, Dlk2, Sema3a, Rbm25 and Hspb6. Furthermore, DSEH mildly increased the expression levels of osteoblast gene markers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that DSEH facilitate MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis to consolidate bone formation and stability, but prevent MC3T3-E1 cells from oxidative stress-induced damage, apoptosis and further differentiation. These findings deepened the current understanding of DSEH on regulating bone development, and provided theoretical support for the discovery of optional prevention and treatment for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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11
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Eloranta K, Nousiainen R, Cairo S, Pakarinen MP, Wilson DB, Pihlajoki M, Heikinheimo M. Neuropilin-2 Is Associated With Increased Hepatoblastoma Cell Viability and Motility. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:660482. [PMID: 34239847 PMCID: PMC8257959 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.660482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropilins NRP1 and NRP2 are multifunctional glycoproteins that have been implicated in several cancer-related processes including cell survival, migration, and invasion in various tumor types. Here, we examine the role of neuropilins in hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common pediatric liver malignancy. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, RNA analysis and western blotting, we observed high level expression of NRP1 and NRP2 in 19 of 20 HB specimens and in a majority of human HB cell lines (HUH6 and five cell lines established from patient-derived xenografts) studied but not in normal hepatocytes. Silencing of NRP2 expression in HUH6 and HB-282 HB cells resulted in decreased cell viability, impaired cytoskeleton remodeling, and reduced cell motility, suggesting that NRP2 contributes to the malignant phenotype. We propose that neuropilins warrant further investigation as biomarkers of HB and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eloranta
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruth Nousiainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, Evry, France.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padova, Italy
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Surgery, and Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
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12
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MiR-146a Regulates Migration and Invasion by Targeting NRP2 in Circulating-Tumor Cell Mimicking Suspension Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010045. [PMID: 33396906 PMCID: PMC7824086 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death and metastatic cancer has circulating-tumor cells (CTCs), which circulate in the bloodstream before invading other organs. Thus, understanding the precise role of CTCs may provide new insights into the metastasis process and reduce cancer mortality. However, the molecular characteristics of CTCs are not well understood due to a lack of number of CTCs. Therefore, suspension cells were generated from MDA-MB-468 cells to mimic CTCs, and we investigate the microRNA (miRNA)-dependent molecular networks and their role in suspension cells. Here, we present an integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing data for suspension cell lines, through comparison with adherent cells. Among the differentially regulated miRNA–mRNAs axes, we focus on the miR-146a-Neuropilin2 (NRP2) axis, which is known to influence tumor aggressiveness. We show that miR-146a directly regulates NRP2 expression and inhibits Semaphorin3C (SEMA3C) signaling. Functional studies reveal that miR-146a represses SEMA3C-induced invasion and proliferation by targeting NRP2. Finally, high-NRP2 is shown to be associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. This study identifies the key role of the miR-146a–NRP2 signaling axis that is critical for the regulation of migration and invasion in CTC-mimicking cells.
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13
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Poursheikhani A, Abbaszadegan MR, Kerachian MA. Mechanisms of long non-coding RNA function in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 17:7-23. [PMID: 32970938 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally. Although a variety of CRC screening methods have been developed, many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of CRC with tumor invasion and distance metastasis. Several studies have suggested the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as one of the main contributors in CRC tumorigenesis, although the exact underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in CRC is still unknown. Numerous studies have indicated aberrant expression of lncRNAs in CRC through different modes of action such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair response, drug-resistance, migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, lncRNA polymorphisms can influence the risk of CRC development. Accordingly, lncRNAs can be served as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and also desired therapeutic targets affecting the outcome of patients with CRC. In this review, we summarized the updated and novel evidence that identifies different roles of lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy, and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Sienicki E, Onaitis M. Commentary: New players in epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:474-475. [PMID: 32718701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sienicki
- Department of Surgery, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, Calif
| | - Mark Onaitis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
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15
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Commentary: Keeping the target painted for precision cancer therapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:475-476. [PMID: 32580902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Dimou A, Nasarre C, Peterson YK, Pagano R, Gooz M, Nasarre P, Drabkin HA, Armeson KE, Gibney BC, Gemmill RM, Denlinger CE. Neuropilin-2b facilitates resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:463-473. [PMID: 32653291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate and acquired resistance is the principle factor limiting the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. We have observed a dramatic upregulation of the cell surface co-receptor neuropilin-2b in lung cancers clinically treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors correlating with acquired resistance. We hypothesize that neuropilin-2b plays a functional role in acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. METHODS Non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and survival were determined during chronic tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure in the presence or absence of neuropilin-2b knock-down. Interactions of neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b isoforms with PTEN and GSK3β were assessed by immunoprecipitation. Neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b mutants deleted for their cytoplasmic domains were used to identify regions responsible for neuropilin-2b-GSK3β interaction. Because GSK3β is known to phosphorylate and degrade PTEN, phospho-PTEN and total PTEN levels were assessed after transfection of neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b wild-type and mutant constructs. RESULTS Non-small cell lung cancer cells chronically treated with gefitinib or osimertinib developed drug resistance and exhibited logarithmic growth in the presence of endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, neuropilin-2b knockdown cells remained sensitive to gefitinib. Likewise, neuropilin-2b knockdown suppressed and neuropilin-2a knockdown enhanced cellular migration. Acquired drug resistance and cell migration correlated with neuropilin-2b-dependent AKT activation with the intermediate step of GSK3β-dependent PTEN degradation. A specific binding site for GSK3β on the cytoplasmic domain of neuropilin-2b was identified with truncated protein constructs and computer modeling. CONCLUSIONS Neuropilin-2b facilitates non-small cell lung cancer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and this biological effect relates to AKT activation. Neuropilin-2b GSK3β interactions appear to be essential for PTEN degradation and AKT activation in lung cancer cells. Disruption of the neuropilin-2b GSK3β interaction may represent a novel treatment strategy to preserve sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Cecile Nasarre
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rose Pagano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kent E Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Barry C Gibney
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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17
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Neuropilin: Handyman and Power Broker in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:31-67. [PMID: 32030684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 form a small family of transmembrane receptors, which, due to the lack of a cytosolic protein kinase domain, act primarily as co-receptors for various ligands. Performing at the molecular level both the executive and organizing functions of a handyman as well as of a power broker, they are instrumental in controlling the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. In this setting, the various neuropilin ligands and interaction partners on various cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, are surveyed. The suitability of various neuropilin-targeting substances and the intervention in neuropilin-mediated interactions is considered as a possible building block of tumor therapy.
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18
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Schulz A, Gorodetska I, Behrendt R, Fuessel S, Erdmann K, Foerster S, Datta K, Mayr T, Dubrovska A, Muders MH. Linking NRP2 With EMT and Chemoradioresistance in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1461. [PMID: 32038994 PMCID: PMC6986262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a prognostic indicator for reduced survival in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. Together with its major ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, NRP2 expression is a predictive factor for treatment outcome in response to radiochemotherapy in BCa patients who underwent transurethral resection. Therefore, we investigated the benefit of combining cisplatin-based chemotherapy with irradiation treatment in the BCa cell line RT112 exhibiting or lacking endogenous NRP2 expression in order to evaluate NRP2 as potential therapeutic target. We have identified a high correlation of NRP2 and the glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) transcripts in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort of BCa patients and a panel of 15 human BCa cell lines. Furthermore, we used in vitro BCa models to show the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1)-dependent regulation of NRP2 and GLI2 expression levels. Since NRP2 was shown to bind TGFβ1, associate with TGFβ receptors, and enhance TGFβ1 signaling, we evaluated downstream signaling pathways using an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-assay in combination with a PCR profiling array containing 84 genes related to EMT. Subsequent target validation in NRP2 knockout and knockdown models revealed secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1/OPN/Osteopontin) as a downstream target positively regulated by NRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Foerster
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Rudolf Becker Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Center of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Spagnuolo A, Palazzolo G, Sementa C, Gridelli C. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:491-506. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1713092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Spagnuolo
- Division of Medical Oncology, ‘S. G. Moscati’ Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - G Palazzolo
- Division of Medical Oncology, “ULSS 15 Cittadella”, Cittadella, Padova, Italy
| | - C Sementa
- Division of Legal Medicine, ‘S. G. Moscati’ Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - C Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, ‘S. G. Moscati’ Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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20
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Borkowetz A, Froehner M, Rauner M, Conrad S, Erdmann K, Mayr T, Datta K, Hofbauer LC, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Fuessel S, Toma M, Muders MH. Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2619-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Marietta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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21
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Modulation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity through Alternative Splicing of Ligands and Receptors in the VEGF-A/VEGFR Axis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040288. [PMID: 30925751 PMCID: PMC6523102 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling is essential for physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Alternative splicing of the VEGF-A pre-mRNA gives rise to a pro-angiogenic family of isoforms with a differing number of amino acids (VEGF-Axxxa), as well as a family of isoforms with anti-angiogenic properties (VEGF-Axxxb). The biological functions of VEGF-A proteins are mediated by a family of cognate protein tyrosine kinase receptors, known as the VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). VEGF-A binds to both VEGFR-1, largely suggested to function as a decoy receptor, and VEGFR-2, the predominant signaling receptor. Both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 can also be alternatively spliced to generate soluble isoforms (sVEGFR-1/sVEGFR-2). The disruption of the splicing of just one of these genes can result in changes to the entire VEGF-A/VEGFR signaling axis, such as the increase in VEGF-A165a relative to VEGF-A165b resulting in increased VEGFR-2 signaling and aberrant angiogenesis in cancer. Research into this signaling axis has recently focused on manipulating the splicing of these genes as a potential therapeutic avenue in disease. Therefore, further research into understanding the mechanisms by which the splicing of VEGF-A/VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2 is regulated will help in the development of drugs aimed at manipulating splicing or inhibiting specific splice isoforms in a therapeutic manner.
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22
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Gurrapu S, Tamagnone L. Semaphorins as Regulators of Phenotypic Plasticity and Functional Reprogramming of Cancer Cells. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:303-314. [PMID: 30824197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins, initially found as neuronal guidance cues in embryo development, are now appreciated as major regulators of tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, as well as of cancer progression. In fact, semaphorin signals have a profound impact on cell morphology, which has been commonly associated with the ability to regulate monomeric GTPases, cell-substrate adhesion, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Recently, however, several reports have indicated a novel and additional function of diverse semaphorins in the regulation of gene expression and cell phenotype plasticity. In this review article, we discuss these novel findings, focusing on the role of semaphorin signals in the regulation of bi-directional epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, stem cell properties, and drug resistance, which greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeharsha Gurrapu
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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23
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Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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24
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VEGF/Neuropilin Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030490. [PMID: 30678134 PMCID: PMC6387347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer extends beyond angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Specifically, VEGF-mediated signaling occurs in tumor cells and this signaling contributes to key aspects of tumorigenesis including the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases, the neuropilins (NRPs) are critical for mediating the effects of VEGF on CSCs, primarily because of their ability to impact the function of growth factor receptors and integrins. VEGF/NRP signaling can regulate the expression and function of key molecules that have been implicated in CSC function including Rho family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and transcription factors. The VEGF/NRP signaling axis is a prime target for therapy because it can confer resistance to standard chemotherapy, which is ineffective against most CSCs. Indeed, several studies have shown that targeting either NRP1 or NRP2 can inhibit tumor initiation and decrease resistance to other therapies.
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Li W, Zhang T, Guo L, Huang L. Regulation of PTEN expression by noncoding RNAs. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:223. [PMID: 30217221 PMCID: PMC6138891 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) triggers a battery of intracellular signaling pathways, especially PI3K/Akt, playing important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, such as cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction and so on. Therefore PTEN might be a biomarker for various diseases, and targeting the abnormal expression level of PTEN is anticipated to offer novel therapeutic avenues. Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to regulate protein expression, and it is definite that PTEN expression is controlled by ncRNAs epigenetically or posttranscriptionally as well. Herein, we provide a review on current understandings of the regulation of PTEN by ncRNAs, which could contribute to the development of novel approaches to the diseases with abnormal expression of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044 People’s Republic of China
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26
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Lopez Sambrooks C, Baro M, Quijano A, Narayan A, Cui W, Greninger P, Egan R, Patel A, Benes CH, Saltzman WM, Contessa JN. Oligosaccharyltransferase Inhibition Overcomes Therapeutic Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5094-5106. [PMID: 30026325 PMCID: PMC6125176 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is a posttranslational modification essential for the function of complex transmembrane proteins. However, targeting glycosylation for cancer therapy has not been feasible due to generalized effects on all glycoproteins. Here, we perform sensitivity screening of 94 lung cancer cell lines using NGI-1, a small-molecule inhibitor of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) that partially disrupts N-linked glycosylation, and demonstrate a selective loss of tumor cell viability. This screen revealed NGI-1 sensitivity in just 11 of 94 (12%) cell lines, with a significant correlation between OST and EGFR inhibitors. In EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance (PC9-GR, HCC827-GR, and H1975-OR), OST inhibition maintained its ability to induce cell-cycle arrest and a proliferative block. Addition of NGI-1 to EGFR TKI treatment was synthetic lethal in cells resistant to gefitinib, erlotinib, or osimertinib. OST inhibition invariably disrupted EGFR N-linked glycosylation and reduced activation of receptors either with or without the T790M TKI resistance mutation. OST inhibition also dissociated EGFR signaling from other coexpressed receptors like MET via altered receptor compartmentalization. Translation of this approach to preclinical models was accomplished through synthesis and delivery of NGI-1 nanoparticles, confirmation of in vivo activity through molecular imaging, and demonstration of significant tumor growth delay in TKI-resistant HCC827 and H1975 xenografts. This therapeutic strategy breaks from kinase-targeted approaches and validates N-linked glycosylation as an effective target in tumors driven by glycoprotein signaling.Significance:EGFR-mutant NSCLC is incurable despite the marked sensitivity of these tumors to EGFR TKIs. These findings identify N-linked glycosylation, a posttranslational modification common to EGFR and other oncogenic signaling proteins, as an effective therapeutic target that enhances tumor responses for EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5094-106. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda Quijano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Azeet Narayan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Greninger
- The Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Regina Egan
- The Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abhijit Patel
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cyril H Benes
- The Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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27
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Chen Y, Huang S, Wu B, Fang J, Zhu M, Sun L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sun M, Guo L, Wang S. Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by downregulating miR-196a-3p expression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49110-49122. [PMID: 28418877 PMCID: PMC5564753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered a key contributor to the progression of breast cancer. MicroRNAs are important factors in the development and progression of many malignancies. In the present study, upon studies of breast cancer cell lines and tissues, we showed that microRNA -196a-3p is decreased by transforming growth factor-β1 in breast cancer cells and associated with breast cancer progression. We identified neuropilin-2 as a target gene of microRNA -196a-3p and showed that it is regulated by transforming growth factor-β1. Moreover, transforming growth factor-β1-mediated inhibition of microRNA -196a-3p and activation of neuropilin-2were required for transforming growth factor-β1-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. In addition, neuropilin-2 expression was suppressed in breast tumors, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers. Collectively, our findings strongly indicate that microRNA -196a-3p is a predictive biomarker of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival and a potential therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shai Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Surgery, The People's Hospital of Sihong County, Sihong 223900, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Sun
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Maomin Sun
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Soochow University & Sihong County People's Hospital, Suzhou 215123, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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28
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Cyclosporin A induces autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts through the NRP-2/WDFY-1 axis. Biochimie 2018; 148:55-62. [PMID: 29501733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an effective immunosuppressive agent, but its myocardial toxicity limits its widespread and long-term clinical application. In this study, CsA treatment led to damages in myocardial fiber structure, an increase in myocardial fibrosis, and changes in heart size and shape; moreover, the degree of damage was exacerbated with prolonged drug application and increases in dose. However, the mechanism is not clear; therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of CsA-induced myocardial fibrosis and identify a new target for the prevention and treatment of CsA-induced myocardial injury. Cardiac fibroblasts were treated with CsA (5, 10, or 20 μg/mL) for 24 h. Autophagy was observed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The expression of NRP-2/WDFY-1, autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1 and LC3B), fibrosis-related proteins (MMP2/9), and fibroblast phenotype conversion factor (α-SMA) was evaluated by Western blot. The expression of collagen I was determined by ELISA. Then, we used the gene interference technique to alter WDFY-1 expression with or without CsA or 3-MA treatment for 24 h, and the effects on autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins, fibrosis-associated proteins, IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-6 were determined. The results showed the following: (1) CsA induced fibrosis-related protein (MMP2/9), fibroblast phenotype conversion factor (α-SMA), and collagen I up-regulation in a dose-dependent manner. (2) CsA induced the formation of autophagosomes and up-regulated the expression of Beclin1, LC3B, and the ERK/MAPK pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. (3) CsA induced NRP-2 down-regulation and WDFY-1 up-regulation. (4) Depletion of WDFY-1 inhibited CsA-induced autophagy, TNF-α and IFN-α up-regulation, and fibrosis. (5) The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA inhibited CsA-induced TNF-α and IFN-α up-regulation and fibrosis. Overall, cyclosporin A induces autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts through the NRP-2/WDFY-1 axis, which promotes the progression of myocardial fibrosis.
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29
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Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xing B, Xuan W, Wang H, Huang H, Yang J, Tang J. NRP-2 in tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:176-184. [PMID: 29339213 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) not only functions as a receptor for semaphorins, a family of neural axon guidance factors, but also interacts with VEGFs, a family of vascular endothelial growth factors. As an independent receptor or a co-receptor, NRP-2 binds to ligands VEGF-C/D, activates the VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 signaling axis, and further regulates lymphangiogenesis-associated factors in both lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and some tumor cells during tumor progression. Via VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 axis, NRP-2 induces LEC proliferation, reconstruction and lymphangiogenesis and subsequently promotes tumor cell migration, invasion and lymphatic metastasis. There are similarities and differences among NRP-1, NRP-2 and VEGFR-3 in chemical structure, ligand specificity, chromosomal location, soluble protein forms, cellular functions and expression profiles. High expression of NRP-2 in LECs and tumor cells has been observed in different anatomic sites, histological patterns and progression stages of various tumors, especially during tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, and therefore the NRP-2 and VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 axis are closely related to tumor development, progression, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, it is important for prognosis of tumor. The studies on NRP-2 targeted therapy have recently achieved some successes, utilizing NRP-2 blocking antibodies, NRP-2 inhibitory peptides, soluble NRP-2 antagonists, small molecule inhibitors and various NRP-2 gene therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China; Institute of Medical Technology, Ningbo College of Health Science, No.51, XueFu Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Boyi Xing
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China.
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30
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Vu T, Datta PK. Regulation of EMT in Colorectal Cancer: A Culprit in Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120171. [PMID: 29258163 PMCID: PMC5742819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their epithelial characteristics, for instance cell polarity and cell-cell contact, and gain mesenchymal properties, such as increased motility. In colorectal cancer (CRC), EMT is associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype. In this review, we discuss recent studies exploring novel regulation mechanisms of EMT in CRC, including the identification of new CRC EMT regulators. Upregulation of inducers can promote EMT, leading to increased invasiveness and metastasis in CRC. These inducers can downregulate E-cadherin and upregulate N-cadherin and vimentin (VIM) through modulating EMT-related signaling pathways, for instance WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β, and EMT transcription factors, such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. In addition, several microRNAs (miRNAs), including members of the miR-34 and miR-200 families, are found to target mRNAs of EMT-transcription factors, for example ZEB1, ZEB2, or SNAIL. Downregulation of these miRNAs is associated with distant metastasis and advanced stage tumors. Furthermore, the role of EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is also discussed. Mesenchymal markers on the surface of EMT CTCs were found to be associated with metastasis and could serve as potential biomarkers for metastasis. Altogether, these studies indicate that EMT is orchestrated by a complicated network, involving regulators of different signaling pathways. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying EMT in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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31
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Rizzolio S, Battistini C, Cagnoni G, Apicella M, Vella V, Giordano S, Tamagnone L. Downregulating Neuropilin-2 Triggers a Novel Mechanism Enabling EGFR-Dependent Resistance to Oncogene-Targeted Therapies. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1058-1068. [PMID: 29229599 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins are a class of cell surface proteins implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis, with aberrant expression in human tumors. Here, we show that the expression of Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) controls EGFR protein levels, thereby impinging on intracellular signaling, viability, and response to targeted therapies of oncogene-addicted cells. Notably, increased NRP2 expression in EGFR-addicted tumor cells led to downregulation of EGFR protein and tumor cell growth inhibition. NRP2 also blunted upregulation of an EGFR "rescue" pathway induced by targeted therapy in Met-addicted carcinoma cells. Cancer cells acquiring resistance to MET oncogene-targeted drugs invariably underwent NRP2 loss, a step required for EGFR upregulation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NRP2 loss activated NFkB and upregulated the EGFR-associated protein KIAA1199/CEMIP, which is known to oppose the degradation of activated EGFR kinase. Notably, KIAA1199 silencing in oncogene-addicted tumor cells improved therapeutic responses and counteracted acquired drug resistance. Our findings define NRP2 as the pivotal switch of a novel broad-acting and actionable pathway controlling EGFR signaling, and driving resistance to therapies targeting oncogene-addiction.Significance: These important findings identify the cell surface molecule Nrp2 as the pivotal switch of a novel, actionable pathway driving EGFR upregulation and resistance to oncogene- targeted therapies. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1058-68. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rizzolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cagnoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Apicella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Viviana Vella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
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32
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A triad of NRP2, DLX and p53 proteins in lung cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96464-96465. [PMID: 29228538 PMCID: PMC5722490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Roy S, Bag AK, Singh RK, Talmadge JE, Batra SK, Datta K. Multifaceted Role of Neuropilins in the Immune System: Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 29067024 PMCID: PMC5641316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are non-tyrosine kinase cell surface glycoproteins expressed in all vertebrates and widely conserved across species. The two isoforms, such as neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2), mainly act as coreceptors for class III Semaphorins and for members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of molecules and are widely known for their role in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cardiovascular, neuronal development and patterning, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, as well as various clinical disorders. Intriguingly, additional roles for NRPs occur with myeloid and lymphoid cells, in normal physiological as well as different pathological conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, and bone diseases. However, little is known concerning the molecular pathways that govern these functions. In addition, NRP1 expression has been characterized in different immune cellular phenotypes including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cell subsets, especially regulatory T cell populations. By contrast, the functions of NRP2 in immune cells are less well known. In this review, we briefly summarize the genomic organization, structure, and binding partners of the NRPs and extensively discuss the recent advances in their role and function in different immune cell subsets and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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34
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Wang Y, Jia Y, Yan L, Fu J, Hao M, Chen W, Yao B, Zhao P, Zhou Z. Clusterin and neuropilin-2 as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed 16HBE cells xenografted nude mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:145-151. [PMID: 28784314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environment contaminant and its exposure could increase incidence of human lung cancer. In order to confirm and compare potential biomarkers of BaP-induce carcinogenesis and tumor progression, time-dependent changes of clusterin (CLU) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) levels were evaluated in sera of BaP-transformed 16HBE cell line T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice. Performance of CLU and NRP2 on tissue classification and tumor progression forecast was also calculated. Levels of CLU and NRP2 were significant elevated in both culture supernatant of T-16HBE-C1 cells and sera of T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice compared with control. CLU and NRP2 were both found positively stained in tumor tissue. CLU and NRP2 alone could well predicate tumor progression in nude mice and CLU appeared to be more sensitive than NRP2. When both of them combined, performance of predication would improve. In conclusion, CLU and NRP2 could serve as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in nude mice xenografted with T-16HBE-C1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongrui Jia
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Central Laboratory, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juanling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Mingmei Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Biyun Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zongcan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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35
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Dong X, Guo W, Zhang S, Wu T, Sun Z, Yan S, Zheng S. Elevated expression of neuropilin-2 associated with unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3827-3833. [PMID: 28814881 PMCID: PMC5546826 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein and has recently been detected in several human cancer cells. However, its clinical relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed at evaluating NRP2 expression and clinicopathological significance in HCC patients. Tissue microarray of 190 HCC patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University was established, and immunohistochemical staining was performed for NRP2. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyze the survival rate. We found that NRP2 expression in HCC was significantly associated with tumor histological degree (P=0.023) and cirrhosis (P=0.040). Furthermore, NRP2-positive HCC patients demonstrated shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those of NRP2-negative patients. Then, the multivariate Cox analysis showed that hazard ratios of NRP2-positive patients with DFS and OS were 2.167 (95% CI: 1.626, 2.889) and 2.317 (95% CI: 1.548, 3.469), respectively. Our results suggested that NRP2 expression was considered as an independent factor for the prediction of unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients, and we believe that NRP2 could serve as a biomarker of poor prognosis and a novel target in treating HCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Dong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianchun Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
| | - Sheng Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
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Roche J, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA. Epigenetic Regulation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070072. [PMID: 28672805 PMCID: PMC5532608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is an aggressive and devastating cancer because of metastasis triggered by enhanced migration and invasion, and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental developmental process that is reactivated in wound healing and a variety of diseases including cancer where it promotes migration/invasion and metastasis, resistance to treatment, and generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. The induction of EMT is associated with reprogramming of the epigenome. This review focuses on major mechanisms of epigenetic regulation mainly in lung cancer with recent data on EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit ), the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 (Polycomb Group PcG), that behaves as an oncogene in lung cancer associated with gene repression, non-coding RNAs and the epitranscriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Roche
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe SEVE, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, 39 Sabin St., MSC 635, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, 39 Sabin St., MSC 635, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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