1
|
Hajdú G, Szathmári C, Sőti C. Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in C. elegans: Lessons Learned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7034. [PMID: 39000143 PMCID: PMC11241598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections, such as that by the multiresistant opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may pose a serious health risk, especially on vulnerable patient populations. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides a simple organismal model to investigate both pathogenic mechanisms and the emerging role of innate immunity in host protection. Here, we review the virulence and infection strategies of P. aeruginosa and host defenses of C. elegans. We summarize the recognition mechanisms of patterns of pathogenesis, including novel pathogen-associated molecular patterns and surveillance immunity of translation, mitochondria, and lysosome-related organelles. We also review the regulation of antimicrobial and behavioral defenses by the worm's neuroendocrine system. We focus on how discoveries in this rich field align with well-characterized evolutionary conserved protective pathways, as well as on potential crossovers to human pathogenesis and innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Hajdú
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Szathmári
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei M, Tan Y, Tu H, Tan W. Neuronal basis and diverse mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353747. [PMID: 38751431 PMCID: PMC11094273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance behaviour has been observed across animal taxa as a vital host-microbe interaction mechanism. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has evolved multiple diverse mechanisms for pathogen avoidance under natural selection pressure. We summarise the current knowledge of the stimuli that trigger pathogen avoidance, including alterations in aerotaxis, intestinal bloating, and metabolites. We then survey the neural circuits involved in pathogen avoidance, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathogen avoidance, signalling crosstalk between pathogen avoidance and innate immunity, and C. elegans avoidance of non-Pseudomonas bacteria. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in understanding host-microbe interactions and the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Godthi A, Min S, Das S, Cruz-Corchado J, Deonarine A, Misel-Wuchter K, Issuree PD, Prahlad V. Neuronal IL-17 controls Caenorhabditis elegans developmental diapause through CEP-1/p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315248121. [PMID: 38483995 PMCID: PMC10963014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
During metazoan development, how cell division and metabolic programs are coordinated with nutrient availability remains unclear. Here, we show that nutrient availability signaled by the neuronal cytokine, ILC-17.1, switches Caenorhabditis elegans development between reproductive growth and dormancy by controlling the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 ortholog, CEP-1. Specifically, upon food availability, ILC-17.1 signaling by amphid neurons promotes glucose utilization and suppresses CEP-1/p53 to allow growth. In the absence of ILC-17.1, CEP-1/p53 is activated, up-regulates cell-cycle inhibitors, decreases phosphofructokinase and cytochrome C expression, and causes larvae to arrest as stress-resistant, quiescent dauers. We propose a model whereby ILC-17.1 signaling links nutrient availability and energy metabolism to cell cycle progression through CEP-1/p53. These studies describe ancestral functions of IL-17 s and the p53 family of proteins and are relevant to our understanding of neuroimmune mechanisms in cancer. They also reveal a DNA damage-independent function of CEP-1/p53 in invertebrate development and support the existence of a previously undescribed C. elegans dauer pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishiktha Godthi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Sehee Min
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Johnny Cruz-Corchado
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Andrew Deonarine
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| | - Kara Misel-Wuchter
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Priya D. Issuree
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY14263
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242-1324
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mingjie Y, Yair A, Tali G. The RIDD activity of C. elegans IRE1 modifies neuroendocrine signaling in anticipation of environment stress to ensure survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552841. [PMID: 37609168 PMCID: PMC10441387 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Xbp1 splicing and regulated IRE1-dependent RNA decay (RIDD) are two RNase activities of the ER stress sensor IRE1. While Xbp1 splicing has important roles in stress responses and animal physiology, the physiological role(s) of RIDD remain enigmatic. Genetic evidence in C. elegans connects XBP1-independent IRE1 activity to organismal stress adaptation, but whether this is via RIDD, and what are the targets is yet unknown. We show that cytosolic kinase/RNase domain of C. elegans IRE1 is indeed capable of RIDD in human cells, and that sensory neurons use RIDD to signal environmental stress, by degrading mRNA of TGFβ-like growth factor DAF-7. daf-7 was degraded in human cells by both human and worm IRE1 RNAse activity with same efficiency and specificity as Blos1, confirming daf-7 as RIDD substrate. Surprisingly, daf-7 degradation in vivo was triggered by concentrations of ER stressor tunicamycin too low for xbp-1 splicing. Decrease in DAF-7 normally signals food limitation and harsh environment, triggering adaptive changes to promote population survival. Because C. elegans is a bacteriovore, and tunicamycin, like other common ER stressors, is an antibiotic secreted by Streptomyces spp., we asked whether daf-7 degradation by RIDD could signal pending food deprivation. Indeed, pre-emptive tunicamycin exposure increased survival of C. elegans populations under food limiting/high temperature stress, and this protection was abrogated by overexpression of DAF-7. Thus, C. elegans uses stress-inducing metabolites in its environment as danger signals, and employs IRE1's RIDD activity to modulate the neuroendocrine signaling for survival of upcoming environmental challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mingjie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Argon Yair
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
De-Souza EA, Thompson MA, Taylor RC. Olfactory chemosensation extends lifespan through TGF-β signaling and UPR activation. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:938-947. [PMID: 37500972 PMCID: PMC10432268 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Animals rely on chemosensory cues to survive in pathogen-rich environments. In Caenorhabditis elegans, pathogenic bacteria trigger aversive behaviors through neuronal perception and activate molecular defenses throughout the animal. This suggests that neurons can coordinate the activation of organism-wide defensive responses upon pathogen perception. In this study, we found that exposure to volatile pathogen-associated compounds induces activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) in peripheral tissues after xbp-1 splicing in neurons. This odorant-induced UPRER activation is dependent upon DAF-7/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and leads to extended lifespan and enhanced clearance of toxic proteins. Notably, rescue of the DAF-1 TGF-β receptor in RIM/RIC interneurons is sufficient to significantly recover UPRER activation upon 1-undecene exposure. Our data suggest that the cell non-autonomous UPRER rewires organismal proteostasis in response to pathogen detection, pre-empting proteotoxic stress. Thus, chemosensation of particular odors may be a route to manipulation of stress responses and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evandro A De-Souza
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maximillian A Thompson
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Taylor
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Oosten-Hawle P. Exploiting inter-tissue stress signaling mechanisms to preserve organismal proteostasis during aging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1228490. [PMID: 37469564 PMCID: PMC10352849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1228490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a decline of cellular proteostasis capacity which culminates in the accumulation of phototoxic material, causing the onset of age-related maladies and ultimately cell death. Mechanisms that regulate proteostasis such as cellular stress response pathways sense disturbances in the proteome. They are activated to increase the expression of protein quality control components that counteract cellular damage. Utilizing invertebrate model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, it has become increasingly evident that the regulation of proteostasis and the activation of cellular stress responses is not a cell autonomous process. In animals, stress responses are orchestrated by signals coming from other tissues, including the nervous system, the intestine and the germline that have a profound impact on determining the aging process. Genetic pathways discovered in C. elegans that facilitate cell nonautonomous regulation of stress responses are providing an exciting feeding ground for new interventions. In this review I will discuss cell nonautonomous proteostasis mechanisms and their impact on aging as well as ongoing research and clinical trials that can increase organismal proteostasis to lengthen health- and lifespan.
Collapse
|
7
|
Thompson MA, De-Souza EA. A Year at the Forefront of Proteostasis and Aging. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059750. [PMID: 36794708 PMCID: PMC9943145 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, animals experience a decline in proteostasis activity, including loss of stress-response activation, culminating in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates, which are causal in the onset of some chronic diseases. Finding genetic and pharmaceutical treatments that can increase organismal proteostasis and lengthen life is an ongoing goal of current research. The regulation of stress responses by cell non-autonomous mechanisms appears to be a potent way to impact organismal healthspan. In this Review, we cover recent findings in the intersection of proteostasis and aging, with a special focus on articles and preprints published between November 2021 and October 2022. A significant number of papers published during this time increased our understanding of how cells communicate with each other during proteotoxic stress. Finally, we also draw attention to emerging datasets that can be explored to generate new hypotheses that explain age-related proteostasis collapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. Thompson
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Evandro A. De-Souza
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gildea HK, Frankino PA, Tronnes SU, Pender CL, Durieux J, Dishart JG, Choi HO, Hunter TD, Cheung SS, Frakes AE, Sukarto E, Wickham K, Dillin A. Glia of C. elegans coordinate a protective organismal heat shock response independent of the neuronal thermosensory circuit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3970. [PMID: 36490338 PMCID: PMC9733925 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging organisms lose the ability to induce stress responses, becoming vulnerable to protein toxicity and tissue damage. Neurons can signal to peripheral tissues to induce protective organelle-specific stress responses. Recent work shows that glia can independently induce such responses. Here, we show that overexpression of heat shock factor 1 (hsf-1) in the four astrocyte-like cephalic sheath cells of Caenorhabditis elegans induces a non-cell-autonomous cytosolic unfolded protein response, also known as the heat shock response (HSR). These animals have increased lifespan and heat stress resistance and decreased protein aggregation. Glial HSR regulation is independent of canonical thermosensory circuitry and known neurotransmitters but requires the small clear vesicle release protein UNC-13. HSF-1 and the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 are partially required in peripheral tissues for non-cell-autonomous HSR, longevity, and thermotolerance. Cephalic sheath glial hsf-1 overexpression also leads to pathogen resistance, suggesting a role for this signaling pathway in immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Gildea
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Phillip A. Frankino
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sarah U. Tronnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Corinne L. Pender
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Julian G. Dishart
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Ok Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tayla D. Hunter
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shannon S. Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E. Frakes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Sukarto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wickham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoon KH, Indong RA, Lee JI. Making "Sense" of Ecology from a Genetic Perspective: Caenorhabditis elegans, Microbes and Behavior. Metabolites 2022; 12:1084. [PMID: 36355167 PMCID: PMC9697003 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of animal and behavior in the natural ecology is based on over a century's worth of valuable field studies. In this post-genome era, however, we recognize that genes are the underpinning of ecological interactions between two organisms. Understanding how genes contribute to animal ecology, which is essentially the intersection of two genomes, is a tremendous challenge. The bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the most well-known genetic animal model experimental systems, experiences a complex microbial world in its natural habitat, providing us with a window into the interplay of genes and molecules that result in an animal-microbial ecology. In this review, we will discuss C. elegans natural ecology, how the worm uses its sensory system to detect the microbes and metabolites that it encounters, and then discuss some of the fascinating ecological dances, including behaviors, that have evolved between the nematode and the microbes in its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-hye Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Rocel Amor Indong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Jin I. Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lessons Learned from Two Decades of Modeling the Heat-Shock Response. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111645. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Heat Shock Response (HSR) is a highly conserved genetic system charged with protecting the proteome in a wide range of organisms and species. Experiments since the early 1980s have elucidated key elements in these pathways and revealed a canonical mode of regulation, which relies on a titration feedback. This system has been subject to substantial modeling work, addressing questions about resilience, design and control. The compact core regulatory circuit, as well as its apparent conservation, make this system an ideal ‘hydrogen atom’ model for the regulation of stress response. Here we take a broad view of the models of the HSR, focusing on the different questions asked and the approaches taken. After 20 years of modeling work, we ask what lessons had been learned that would have been hard to discover without mathematical models. We find that while existing models lay strong foundations, many important questions that can benefit from quantitative modeling are still awaiting investigation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dutta N, Garcia G, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Hijacking Cellular Stress Responses to Promote Lifespan. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:860404. [PMID: 35821861 PMCID: PMC9261414 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.860404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are constantly exposed to stress both from the external environment and internally within the cell. To maintain cellular homeostasis under different environmental and physiological conditions, cell have adapted various stress response signaling pathways, such as the heat shock response (HSR), unfolded protein responses of the mitochondria (UPRMT), and the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). As cells grow older, all cellular stress responses have been shown to deteriorate, which is a major cause for the physiological consequences of aging and the development of numerous age-associated diseases. In contrast, elevated stress responses are often associated with lifespan extension and amelioration of degenerative diseases in different model organisms, including C. elegans. Activating cellular stress response pathways could be considered as an effective intervention to alleviate the burden of aging by restoring function of essential damage-clearing machinery, including the ubiquitin-proteosome system, chaperones, and autophagy. Here, we provide an overview of newly emerging concepts of these stress response pathways in healthy aging and longevity with a focus on the model organism, C. elegans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Das S, Min S, Prahlad V. Gene bookmarking by the heat shock transcription factor programs the insulin-like signaling pathway. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4843-4860.e8. [PMID: 34648748 PMCID: PMC8642288 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress can have long-lasting epigenetic effects on offspring. To examine how epigenetic changes are triggered by stress, we examined the effects of activating the universal stress-responsive heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that, when activated in germ cells, HSF-1 recruits MET-2, the putative histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase responsible for repressive H3K9me2 (H3K9 dimethyl) marks in chromatin, and negatively bookmarks the insulin receptor daf-2 and other HSF-1 target genes. Increased H3K9me2 at these genes persists in adult progeny and shifts their stress response strategy away from inducible chaperone expression as a mechanism to survive stress and instead rely on decreased insulin/insulin growth factor (IGF-1)-like signaling (IIS). Depending on the duration of maternal heat stress exposure, this epigenetic memory is inherited by the next generation. Thus, paradoxically, HSF-1 recruits the germline machinery normally responsible for erasing transcriptional memory but, instead, establishes a heritable epigenetic memory of prior stress exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA
| | - Sehee Min
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA; Department of Biology, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, 169 Newton Road, 2312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Godini R, Handley A, Pocock R. Transcription Factors That Control Behavior-Lessons From C. elegans. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745376. [PMID: 34646119 PMCID: PMC8503520 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior encompasses the physical and chemical response to external and internal stimuli. Neurons, each with their own specific molecular identities, act in concert to perceive and relay these stimuli to drive behavior. Generating behavioral responses requires neurons that have the correct morphological, synaptic, and molecular identities. Transcription factors drive the specific gene expression patterns that define these identities, controlling almost every phenomenon in a cell from development to homeostasis. Therefore, transcription factors play an important role in generating and regulating behavior. Here, we describe the transcription factors, the pathways they regulate, and the neurons that drive chemosensation, mechanosensation, thermosensation, osmolarity sensing, complex, and sex-specific behaviors in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. We also discuss the current limitations in our knowledge, particularly our minimal understanding of how transcription factors contribute to the adaptive behavioral responses that are necessary for organismal survival.
Collapse
|
14
|
Joshi P, Perni M, Limbocker R, Mannini B, Casford S, Chia S, Habchi J, Labbadia J, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M. Two human metabolites rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease via a cytosolic unfolded protein response. Commun Biol 2021; 4:843. [PMID: 34234268 PMCID: PMC8263720 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in cellular metabolism can affect brain homeostasis, creating conditions that are permissive to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although the roles of metabolites have been extensively studied with regard to cellular signaling pathways, their effects on protein aggregation remain relatively unexplored. By computationally analysing the Human Metabolome Database, we identified two endogenous metabolites, carnosine and kynurenic acid, that inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. We found that these metabolites act by triggering a cytosolic unfolded protein response through the transcription factor HSF-1 and downstream chaperones HSP40/J-proteins DNJ-12 and DNJ-19. These results help rationalise previous observations regarding the possible anti-ageing benefits of these metabolites by providing a mechanism for their action. Taken together, our findings provide a link between metabolite homeostasis and protein homeostasis, which could inspire preventative interventions against neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: The California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3-Berkeley), University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Michele Perni
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.419884.80000 0001 2287 2270Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY USA
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Casford
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johnathan Labbadia
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The regulation of animal behavior by cellular stress responses. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112720. [PMID: 34217715 PMCID: PMC8363813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress responses exist to detect the effects of stress on cells, and to activate protective mechanisms that promote resilience. As well as acting at the cellular level, stress response pathways can also regulate whole organism responses to stress. One way in which animals facilitate their survival in stressful environments is through behavioral adaptation; this review considers the evidence that activation of cellular stress responses plays an important role in mediating the changes to behavior that promote organismal survival upon stress.
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of a Heat Shock Transcription Factor and the Major Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 in Memory Formation and Neuroprotection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071638. [PMID: 34210082 PMCID: PMC8305005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) represent the most evolutionarily ancient, conserved, and universal system for protecting cells and the whole body from various types of stress. Among Hsps, the group of proteins with a molecular weight of 70 kDa (Hsp70) plays a particularly important role. These proteins are molecular chaperones that restore the native conformation of partially denatured proteins after exposure to proteotoxic forms of stress and are critical for the folding and intracellular trafficking of de novo synthesized proteins under normal conditions. Hsp70s are expressed at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS) of various animals and protect neurons from various types of stress, including heat shock, hypoxia, and toxins. Numerous molecular and behavioral studies have indicated that Hsp70s expressed in the CNS are important for memory formation. These proteins contribute to the folding and transport of synaptic proteins, modulate signaling cascades associated with synaptic activation, and participate in mechanisms of neurotransmitter release. In addition, HSF1, a transcription factor that is activated under stress conditions and mediates Hsps transcription, is also involved in the transcription of genes encoding many synaptic proteins, whose levels are increased in neurons under stress and during memory formation. Thus, stress activates the molecular mechanisms of memory formation, thereby allowing animals to better remember and later avoid potentially dangerous stimuli. Finally, Hsp70 has significant protective potential in neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing the level of endogenous Hsp70 synthesis or injecting exogenous Hsp70 reduces neurodegeneration, stimulates neurogenesis, and restores memory in animal models of ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. These findings allow us to consider recombinant Hsp70 and/or Hsp70 pharmacological inducers as potential drugs for use in the treatment of ischemic injury and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Prakash D, Ms A, Radhika B, Venkatesan R, Chalasani SH, Singh V. 1-Undecene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an olfactory signal for flight-or-fight response in Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106938. [PMID: 34086368 PMCID: PMC8246062 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals possess conserved mechanisms to detect pathogens and to improve survival in their presence by altering their own behavior and physiology. Here, we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to ask whether bacterial volatiles constitute microbe-associated molecular patterns. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identify six prominent volatiles released by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that a specific volatile, 1-undecene, activates nematode odor sensory neurons inducing both flight and fight responses in worms. Using behavioral assays, we show that worms are repelled by 1-undecene and that this aversion response is driven by the detection of this volatile through AWB odor sensory neurons. Furthermore, we find that 1-undecene odor can induce immune effectors specific to P. aeruginosa via AWB neurons and that brief pre-exposure of worms to the odor enhances their survival upon subsequent bacterial infection. These results show that 1-undecene derived from P. aeruginosa serves as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern for the induction of protective responses in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Prakash
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Akhil Ms
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Radhika Venkatesan
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, India
| | | | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moore RS, Kaletsky R, Murphy CT. Protocol for transgenerational learned pathogen avoidance behavior assays in Caenorhabditis elegans. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100384. [PMID: 33748786 PMCID: PMC7960678 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experiences, including learned behaviors, can be passed down to several generations of progeny in a phenomenon known as transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Yet, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologically relevant transgenerational memories. Here, we present a method for Caenorhabditis elegans in which worms learn to avoid the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). Unlike previous protocols, this training paradigm, either using PA14 lawns or through exposure to a PA14 small RNA (P11), induces memory in four generations of progeny. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Moore et al. (2019) and Kaletsky et al. (2020). Protocol for C. elegans transgenerational pathogen avoidance memory training Trained worms are tested for pathogen avoidance learning using choice assays Several generations of progeny from trained mothers are propagated and tested
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Moore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deonarine A, Walker MWG, Westerheide SD. HSF-1 displays nuclear stress body formation in multiple tissues in Caenorhabditis elegans upon stress and following the transition to adulthood. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:417-431. [PMID: 33392968 PMCID: PMC7925714 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) regulates the heat shock response (HSR), a cytoprotective response induced by proteotoxic stresses. Data from model organisms has shown that HSF-1 also has non-stress biological roles, including roles in the regulation of development and longevity. To better study HSF-1 function, we created a C. elegans strain containing HSF-1 tagged with GFP at its endogenous locus utilizing CRISPR/Cas9-guided transgenesis. We show that the HSF-1::GFP CRISPR worm strain behaves similarly to wildtype worms in response to heat and other stresses, and in other physiological processes. HSF-1 was expressed in all tissues assayed. Immediately following the initiation of reproduction, HSF-1 formed nuclear stress bodies, a hallmark of activation, throughout the germline. Upon the transition to adulthood, of HSF-1 nuclear stress bodies appeared in most somatic cells. Genetic loss of the germline suppressed nuclear stress body formation with age, suggesting that the germline influences HSF-1 activity. Interestingly, we found that various neurons did not form nuclear stress bodies after transitioning to adulthood. Therefore, the formation of HSF-1 nuclear stress bodies upon the transition to adulthood does not occur in a synchronous manner in all cell types. In sum, these studies enhance our knowledge of the expression and activity of the aging and proteostasis factor HSF-1 in a tissue-specific manner with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Deonarine
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Matt W. G. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Okabe E, Uno M, Kishimoto S, Nishida E. Intertissue small RNA communication mediates the acquisition and inheritance of hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Commun Biol 2021; 4:207. [PMID: 33594200 PMCID: PMC7886853 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions can cause phenotypic changes, part of which can be inherited by subsequent generations via soma-to-germline communication. However, the signaling molecules or pathways that mediate intertissue communication remain unclear. Here, we show that intertissue small RNA communication systems play a key role in the acquisition and inheritance of hormesis effects – stress-induced stress resistance – in Caenorhabditis elegans. The miRNA-processing enzyme DRSH-1 is involved in both the acquisition and the inheritance of hormesis, whereas worm-specific Argonaute (WAGO) proteins, which function with endo-siRNAs, are involved only in its inheritance. Further analyses demonstrate that the miRNA production system in the neuron and the small RNA transport machinery in the intestine are both essential for its acquisition and that both the transport of small RNAs in the germline and the germline Argonaute HRDE-1 complex are required for its inheritance. Our results thus demonstrate that overlapping and distinct roles of small RNA systems in the acquisition and inheritance of hormesis effects. Okabe et al. show that the miRNA production system in the neuron and the small RNA transport machinery in the intestine are required for the acquisition of hormesis. For its inheritance, both the transport of small RNAs in the germline and the germline Argonaute HRDE-1 complex are needed, highlighting distinct contribution of small RNA systems to hormesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okabe
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaharu Uno
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Saya Kishimoto
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
With a nervous system that has only a few hundred neurons, Caenorhabditis elegans was initially not regarded as a model for studies on learning. However, the collective effort of the C. elegans field in the past several decades has shown that the worm displays plasticity in its behavioral response to a wide range of sensory cues in the environment. As a bacteria-feeding worm, C. elegans is highly adaptive to the bacteria enriched in its habitat, especially those that are pathogenic and pose a threat to survival. It uses several common forms of behavioral plasticity that last for different amounts of time, including imprinting and adult-stage associative learning, to modulate its interactions with pathogenic bacteria. Probing the molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying these forms of experience-dependent plasticity has identified signaling pathways and regulatory insights that are conserved in more complex animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goswamy D, Irazoqui JE. A unifying hypothesis on the central role of reactive oxygen species in bacterial pathogenesis and host defense in C. elegans. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:9-20. [PMID: 32898751 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During intestinal infection, microbes induce ROS by various mechanisms in C. elegans. ROS can have beneficial roles, acting as antimicrobials and as signaling molecules that activate cytoprotective pathways. Failure to maintain appropriate levels of ROS causes oxidative stress and cellular damage. This review uses the Damage Response Framework to interpret several recent observations on the relationships between infection, host response, and host damage, with a focus on mechanisms mediated by ROS. We propose a unifying hypothesis that ROS drive a collapse in proteostasis in infected C. elegans, which results in death during unresolved infection. Because the signaling pathways highlighted here are conserved in mammals, the mentioned and future studies can provide new tools of hypothesis generation in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Goswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Javier E Irazoqui
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Williams R, Laskovs M, Williams RI, Mahadevan A, Labbadia J. A Mitochondrial Stress-Specific Form of HSF1 Protects against Age-Related Proteostasis Collapse. Dev Cell 2020; 54:758-772.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Prahlad V. The discovery and consequences of the central role of the nervous system in the control of protein homeostasis. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:489-499. [PMID: 32527175 PMCID: PMC7736053 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1771333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organisms function despite wide fluctuations in their environment through the maintenance of homeostasis. At the cellular level, the maintenance of proteins as functional entities at target expression levels is called protein homeostasis (or proteostasis). Cells implement proteostasis through universal and conserved quality control mechanisms that surveil and monitor protein conformation. Recent studies that exploit the powerful ability to genetically manipulate specific neurons in C. elegans have shown that cells within this metazoan lose their autonomy over this fundamental survival mechanism. These studies have uncovered novel roles for the nervous system in controlling how and when cells activate their protein quality control mechanisms. Here we discuss the conceptual underpinnings, experimental evidence and the possible consequences of such a control mechanism. PRELUDE: Whether the detailed examination of parts of the nervous system and their selective perturbation is sufficient to reconstruct how the brain generates behavior, mental disease, music and religion remains an open question. Yet, Sydney Brenner's development of C. elegans as an experimental organism and his faith in the bold reductionist approach that 'the understanding of wild-type behavior comes best after the discovery and analysis of mutations that alter it', has led to discoveries of unexpected roles for neurons in the biology of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jones LM, Chen Y, van Oosten-Hawle P. Redefining proteostasis transcription factors in organismal stress responses, development, metabolism, and health. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1005-1018. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEukaryotic organisms have evolved complex and robust cellular stress response pathways to ensure maintenance of proteostasis and survival during fluctuating environmental conditions. Highly conserved stress response pathways can be triggered and coordinated at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level by proteostasis transcription factors, including HSF1, SKN-1/NRF2, HIF1, and DAF-16/FOXO that combat proteotoxic stress caused by environmental challenges. While these transcription factors are often associated with a specific stress condition, they also direct “noncanonical” transcriptional programs that serve to integrate a multitude of physiological responses required for development, metabolism, and defense responses to pathogen infections. In this review, we outline the established function of these key proteostasis transcription factors at the cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous level and discuss a newly emerging stress responsive transcription factor, PQM-1, within the proteostasis network. We look beyond the canonical stress response roles of proteostasis transcription factors and highlight their function in integrating different physiological stimuli to maintain cytosolic organismal proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Jones
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yannic Chen
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Patricija van Oosten-Hawle
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ensaka N, Sakamoto K. α-Pinene odor exposure enhances heat stress tolerance through Daf-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:726-731. [PMID: 32517869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aromatherapy has been widely used as complementary and alternative medicine to reduce pain and induce sleep. However, the scientific evidence regarding the biological effects of odor is scarce and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. We treated worms with contactless S-(-)- and R-(+)-α-pinene and analyzed heat stress tolerance. Odor stimulation induced motility recovery after incubation at 35 °C for 4 h. This increase in heat stress tolerance was not present in odr-3 mutants and daf-16 mutants. S-(-)- and R-(+)-α-pinene expanded health span and increased fat accumulation. Moreover, S-(-)- and R-(+)-α-pinene modulated the expression of 84 and 54 genes, respectively. These results show that α-pinene odor stimulation is related to stress tolerance, lipid metabolism, and health span via some specific signaling pathways. This study may provide a potential target for antiaging and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ensaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Choi MK, Liu H, Wu T, Yang W, Zhang Y. NMDAR-mediated modulation of gap junction circuit regulates olfactory learning in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3467. [PMID: 32651378 PMCID: PMC7351742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of gap junction-mediated electrical synapses is a common form of neural plasticity. However, the behavioral consequence of the modulation and the underlying molecular cellular mechanisms are not understood. Here, using a C. elegans circuit of interneurons that are connected by gap junctions, we show that modulation of the gap junctions facilitates olfactory learning. Learning experience weakens the gap junctions and induces a repulsive sensory response to the training odorants, which together decouple the responses of the interneurons to the training odorants to generate learned olfactory behavior. The weakening of the gap junctions results from downregulation of the abundance of a gap junction molecule, which is regulated by cell-autonomous function of the worm homologs of a NMDAR subunit and CaMKII. Thus, our findings identify the function of a gap junction modulation in an in vivo model of learning and a conserved regulatory pathway underlying the modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Taihong Wu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Das S, Ooi FK, Cruz Corchado J, Fuller LC, Weiner JA, Prahlad V. Serotonin signaling by maternal neurons upon stress ensures progeny survival. eLife 2020; 9:e55246. [PMID: 32324136 PMCID: PMC7237211 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are vulnerable to stress. Therefore, how organisms protect their future progeny from damage in a fluctuating environment is a fundamental question in biology. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, serotonin released by maternal neurons during stress ensures the viability and stress resilience of future offspring. Serotonin acts through a signal transduction pathway conserved between C. elegans and mammalian cells to enable the transcription factor HSF1 to alter chromatin in soon-to-be fertilized germ cells by recruiting the histone chaperone FACT, displacing histones, and initiating protective gene expression. Without serotonin release by maternal neurons, FACT is not recruited by HSF1 in germ cells, transcription occurs but is delayed, and progeny of stressed C. elegans mothers fail to complete development. These studies uncover a novel mechanism by which stress sensing by neurons is coupled to transcription response times of germ cells to protect future offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
| | | | | | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of BiologyIowa CityUnited States
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityUnited States
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain InitiativeIowa CityUnited States
- Department of BiologyIowa CityUnited States
- Iowa Neuroscience InstituteIowa CityUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cruz-Corchado J, Ooi FK, Das S, Prahlad V. Global Transcriptome Changes That Accompany Alterations in Serotonin Levels in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:1225-1246. [PMID: 31996358 PMCID: PMC7144078 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), is a phylogenetically ancient molecule best characterized as a neurotransmitter that modulates multiple aspects of mood and social cognition. The roles that 5-HT plays in normal and abnormal behavior are not fully understood but have been posited to be due to its common function as a 'defense signal'. However, 5-HT levels also systemically impact cell physiology, modulating cell division, migration, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular metabolism and differentiation. Whether these diverse cellular effects of 5-HT also share a common basis is unclear. C. elegans provides an ideal system to interrogate the systemic effects of 5-HT, since lacking a blood-brain barrier, 5-HT synthesized and released by neurons permeates the organism to modulate neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells throughout the body. Here we used RNA-Seq to characterize the systemic changes in gene expression that occur in C. elegans upon altering 5-HT levels, and compared the transcriptomes to published datasets. We find that an acute increase in 5-HT is accompanied by a global decrease in gene expression levels, upregulation of genes involved in stress pathways, changes that significantly correlate with the published transcriptomes of animals that have activated defense and immune responses, and an increase in levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF2α. In 5-HT deficient animals lacking tryptophan hydroxylase (tph-1(mg280)II) there is a net increase in gene expression, with an overrepresentation of genes related to development and chromatin. Surprisingly, the transcriptomes of animals with acute increases in 5-HT levels, and 5-HT deficiency do not overlap with transcriptomes of mutants with whom they share striking physiological resemblance. These studies are the first to catalog systemic transcriptome changes that occur upon alterations in 5-HT levels. They further show that in C. elegans changes in gene expression upon altering 5-HT levels, and changes in physiology, are not directly correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Cruz-Corchado
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cohen-Berkman M, Dudkevich R, Ben-Hamo S, Fishman A, Salzberg Y, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Lamm AT, Henis-Korenblit S. Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:e50896. [PMID: 32213289 PMCID: PMC7136021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How lifespan and the rate of aging are set is a key problem in biology. Small RNAs are conserved molecules that impact diverse biological processes through the control of gene expression. However, in contrast to miRNAs, the role of endo-siRNAs in aging remains unexplored. Here, by combining deep sequencing and genomic and genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans, we reveal an unprecedented role for endo-siRNA molecules in the maintenance of proteostasis and lifespan extension in germline-less animals. Furthermore, we identify an endo-siRNA-regulated tyrosine phosphatase, which limits the longevity of germline-less animals by restricting the activity of the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. Altogether, our findings point to endo-siRNAs as a link between germline removal and the HSF-1 proteostasis and longevity-promoting somatic pathway. This establishes a role for endo siRNAs in the aging process and identifies downstream genes and physiological processes that are regulated by the endo siRNAs to affect longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Cohen-Berkman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Reut Dudkevich
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Shani Ben-Hamo
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Alla Fishman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifaIsrael
| | - Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Ayelet T Lamm
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifaIsrael
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gecse E, Gilányi B, Csaba M, Hajdú G, Sőti C. A cellular defense memory imprinted by early life toxic stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18935. [PMID: 31831768 PMCID: PMC6908573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure early in life is implicated in various behavioural and somatic diseases. Experiences during the critical perinatal period form permanent, imprinted memories promoting adult survival. Although imprinting is widely recognized to dictate behaviour, whether it actuates specific transcriptional responses at the cellular level is unknown. Here we report that in response to early life stresses, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes form an imprinted cellular defense memory. We show that exposing newly-born worms to toxic antimycin A and paraquat, respectively, stimulates the expression of toxin-specific cytoprotective reporters. Toxin exposure also induces avoidance of the toxin-containing bacterial lawn. In contrast, adult worms do not exhibit aversive behaviour towards stress-associated bacterial sensory cues. However, the mere re-encounter with the same cues reactivates the previously induced cytoprotective reporters. Learned adult defenses require memory formation during the L1 larval stage and do not appear to confer increased protection against the toxin. Thus, exposure of C. elegans to toxic stresses in the critical period elicits adaptive behavioural and cytoprotective responses, which do not form imprinted aversive behaviour, but imprint a cytoprotective memory. Our findings identify a novel form of imprinting and suggest that imprinted molecular defenses might underlie various pathophysiological alterations related to early life stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Gecse
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Gilányi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Csaba
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Hajdú
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Proteotoxic stress, that is, stress caused by protein misfolding and aggregation, triggers the rapid and global reprogramming of transcription at genes and enhancers. Genome-wide assays that track transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at nucleotide resolution have provided key insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate transcriptional responses to stress. In addition, recent kinetic analyses of transcriptional control under heat stress have shown how cells 'prewire' and rapidly execute genome-wide changes in transcription while concurrently becoming poised for recovery. The regulation of Pol II at genes and enhancers in response to heat stress is coupled to chromatin modification and compartmentalization, as well as to co-transcriptional RNA processing. These mechanistic features seem to apply broadly to other coordinated genome-regulatory responses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Moore RS, Kaletsky R, Murphy CT. Piwi/PRG-1 Argonaute and TGF-β Mediate Transgenerational Learned Pathogenic Avoidance. Cell 2019; 177:1827-1841.e12. [PMID: 31178117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to inherit learned information from parents could be evolutionarily beneficial, enabling progeny to better survive dangerous conditions. We discovered that, after C. elegans have learned to avoid the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14), they pass this learned behavior on to their progeny, through either the male or female germline, persisting through the fourth generation. Expression of the TGF-β ligand DAF-7 in the ASI sensory neurons correlates with and is required for this transgenerational avoidance behavior. Additionally, the Piwi Argonaute homolog PRG-1 and its downstream molecular components are required for transgenerational inheritance of both avoidance behavior and ASI daf-7 expression. Animals whose parents have learned to avoid PA14 display a PA14 avoidance-based survival advantage that is also prg-1 dependent, suggesting an adaptive response. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathogenic learning may optimize progeny decisions to increase survival in fluctuating environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Moore
- Department of Molecular Biology & LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Department of Molecular Biology & LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology & LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eliezer Y, Deshe N, Hoch L, Iwanir S, Pritz CO, Zaslaver A. A Memory Circuit for Coping with Impending Adversity. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1573-1583.e4. [PMID: 31056393 PMCID: PMC6538972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms’ capacity to anticipate future conditions is key for survival. Associative memories are instrumental for learning from past experiences, yet little is known about the processes that follow memory retrieval and their potential advantage in preparing for impending developments. Here, using C. elegans nematodes, we demonstrate that odor-evoked retrieval of aversive memories induces rapid and protective stress responses, which increase animal survival prospects when facing imminent adversities. The underlying mechanism relies on two sensory neurons: one is necessary during the learning period, and the other is necessary and sufficient for memory retrieval. Downstream of memory reactivation, serotonin secreted from two head neurons mediates the systemic stress response. Thus, evoking stressful memories, stored within individual sensory neurons, allows animals to anticipate upcoming dire conditions and provides a head start to initiate rapid and protective responses that ultimately increase animal fitness. Reactivation of an aversive memory induces a fast protective stress response The fast response provides the animals with a fitness advantage One neuron is necessary for memory formation Another neuron is necessary and sufficient for memory reactivation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Eliezer
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Noa Deshe
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lihi Hoch
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Shachar Iwanir
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Christian O Pritz
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alon Zaslaver
- Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Allais L, Zhao C, Fu M, Hu J, Qin JG, Qiu L, Ma Z. Nutrition and water temperature regulate the expression of heat-shock proteins in golden pompano larvae (Trachinotus ovata, Limmaeus 1758). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:485-497. [PMID: 30397841 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding fish larval development is of a great interest for aquaculture production efficiency. Identifying possible indicators of fish larvae stress could improve the production and limit the mortality rate that larval stage is subjected to. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and heat-shock factors (HSFs) are well known as indicators of response to many kinds of stressor (e.g., environmental, morphological, or pathological changes). In this study, golden pompano larvae were raised at different temperatures (23 °C, 26 °C, and 29 °C), as well as three different diets (Artemia nauplii unenriched, Artemia nauplii enriched with Nannochloropsis sp., and Artemia nauplii enriched with Algamac 3080), and the expression of HSP60, HSP70, HSF1, HSP2, and GRP94 were monitored. While stress genes were widely expressed in the larval tissues, HSP60 and HSP70 were principally from the gills and heart; HSF1 principally from the muscle, brain, and heart; and GRP94 principally from the head kidney and spleen. Golden pompano larvae were found to be more sensitive to thermal changes at later larval stage, and 29 °C was showed to likely be the best condition for golden pompano larval development. Nannochloropsis sp.-enriched Artemia nauplii treatment was found to be the most appropriate feed type with moderate relative expressions of HSP60, HSP70, HSF1, HSF2, and GRP94.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Allais
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Chao Zhao
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Fu
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, China.
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|