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Han Y, Peng Y, Xiong H, Zeng L, Zhang T, Xia K, Hu X, Su T. XPO1 serves as a prognostic marker involving AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1 pathway in OSCC. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70076. [PMID: 39177040 PMCID: PMC11342079 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export protein that facilitates the transportation of various substances. XPO1 promotes tumor development as a poor prognostic factor in a variety of tumors and is a therapeutic target for screening inhibitors. However, the role of XPO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has yet to be determined. METHODS The expression patterns of XPO1 mRNA in OSCC were investigated using bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of XPO1 protein in OSCC specimens were confirmed by immunohistochemical assays. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of XPO1 on prognosis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were utilized to uncover the signaling pathways mediated by XPO1. Additionally, we examined the association between XPO1 and AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1 and immune infiltration. RESULTS XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly enhanced in OSCC and associated with OSCC severity. Enhanced XPO1 expression was indicative of poor survival. Functional analysis showed that XPO1 mediated pathways associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and reduced immune infiltration in OSCC. Additionally, XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels had significant positive relationships with AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1. CONCLUSIONS XPO1, as a marker of poor prognosis in OSCC, can promote OSCC through AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liujun Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial TumorXiangya hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous LesionsCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (XiangYa Hospital)ChangshaHunanChina
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González-Cao M, Cai X, Bracht JWP, Han X, Yang Y, Pedraz-Valdunciel C, Morán T, García-Corbacho J, Aguilar A, Bernabé R, De Marchi P, Sussuchi da Silva L, Leal LF, Reis RM, Codony-Servat J, Jantus-Lewintre E, Molina-Vila MA, Cao P, Rosell R. HMGB1 Expression Levels Correlate with Response to Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:55-67. [PMID: 38741920 PMCID: PMC11090191 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s455034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is subject to exportin 1 (XPO1)-dependent nuclear export, and it is involved in functions implicated in resistance to immunotherapy. We investigated whether HMGB1 mRNA expression was associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods RNA was isolated from pretreatment biopsies of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI. Gene expression analysis of several genes, including HMGB1, was conducted using the NanoString Counter analysis system (PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel). Western blotting analysis and cell viability assays in EGFR and KRAS mutant cell lines were carried out. Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of ICI in combination with XPO1 blocker (selinexor) and trametinib was determined in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model. Results HMGB1 mRNA levels in NSCLC patients treated with ICI correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS 9.0 versus 18.0 months, P=0.008, hazard ratio=0.30 in high versus low HMGB1). After TNF-α stimulation, HMGB1 accumulates in the cytoplasm of PC9 cells, but this accumulation can be prevented by using selinexor or antiretroviral drugs. Erlotinib or osimertinib with selinexor in EGFR-mutant cells and trametinib plus selinexor in KRAS mutant abolish tumor cell proliferation. Selinexor with a PD-1 inhibitor with or without trametinib abrogates the tumor growth in the murine Lewis lung cancer model. Conclusion An in-depth exploration of the functions of HMGB1 mRNA and protein is expected to uncover new potential targets and provide a basis for treating metastatic NSCLC in combination with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria González-Cao
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xueting Cai
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xuan Han
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Teresa Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Corbacho
- Medical Oncology Department (Hospital Clinic)/Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors (IDIBAPs), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilar
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro De Marchi
- Molecular Oncology Research Center; Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center; Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center; Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3b’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jordi Codony-Servat
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Valencian Community Foundation Principe Felipe Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Biotechnology Department, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Peng Cao
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Lai C, Xu L, Dai S. The nuclear export protein exportin-1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1684. [PMID: 38783482 PMCID: PMC11116501 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin-1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export-selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT-330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT-8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export-selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers. CONCLUSION XPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies. KEY POINTS Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Lai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Cheng H, Yuan J, Pei C, Ouyang M, Bu H, Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang Z, Yu L, Tan Y. The development of an anti-cancer peptide M1-21 targeting transcription factor FOXM1. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:114. [PMID: 37344857 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor FOXM1 is a potential target for anti-cancer drug development. An interfering peptide M1-21, targeting FOXM1 and FOXM1-interacting proteins, is developed and its anti-cancer efficacy is evaluated. METHODS FOXM1 C-terminus-binding peptides are screened by in silico protocols from the peptide library of FOXM1 (1-138aa) and confirmed by cellular experiments. The selected peptide is synthesized into its D-retro-inverso (DRI) form by fusing a TAT cell-penetrating sequence. Anti-cancer activities are evaluated in vitro and in vivo with tumor-grafted nude mice, spontaneous breast cancer mice, and wild-type metastasis-tracing mice. Anti-cancer mechanisms are analyzed. Distribution and safety profiles in mice are evaluated. RESULTS With improved stability and cell inhibitory activity compared to the parent peptide, M1-21 binds to multiple regions of FOXM1 and interferes with protein-protein interactions between FOXM1 and its various known partner proteins, including PLK1, LIN9 and B-MYB of the MuvB complex, and β-catenin. Consequently, M1-21 inhibits FOXM1-related transcriptional activities and FOXM1-mediated nuclear importation of β-catenin and β-catenin transcriptional activities. M1-21 inhibits multiple types of cancer (20 µM in vitro or 30 mg/kg in vivo) by preventing proliferation, migration, and WNT signaling. Distribution and safety profiles of M1-21 are favorable (broad distribution and > 15 h stability in mice) and the tested non-severely toxic dose reaches 200 mg/kg in mice. M1-21 also has low hemolytic toxicity and immunogenicity in mice. CONCLUSIONS M1-21 is a promising interfering peptide targeting FOXM1 for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaozhu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huitong Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Medicine Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437000, Xianning, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Anticancer Targeted Protein Pharmaceuticals, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yuan F, Yong J, Liu X, Wang Y. Selinexor assists vorinostat in inhibiting HDAC activity via promoting the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:1-16. [PMID: 36713062 PMCID: PMC9880106 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer with a low overall survival rate, necessitating effective treatments. This study reports the anti-OTSCC effect of vorinostat and selinexor. OTSCC cell lines SCC-4 and SCC-25 were cultured to determine the effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor on cell survival, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. The transplanted tumor model of SCC-25 in nude mice was established to observe the therapeutic effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions in tumor cells. The results showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and exportin 1 (XPO1) were highly expressed, while nuclear maspin was expressed at a low rate in SCC-4 and SCC-25 compared to the normal tongue tissue. In vitro, both vorinostat and selinexor effectively inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, down-regulated HDAC1, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and up-regulated nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. In vivo, both vorinostat and selinexor inhibited the growth of SCC-25-bearing tumors, down-regulated the expression of Ki67, HDAC1, MMP2, and Bcl-2, and promoted the expression of nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. The combination of these two drugs exhibited synergistic effects both in vivo and in vitro. Our evidence shows that vorinostat combined with selinexor is an effective treatment for OTSCC. The mechanism may be that selinexor promotes the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus, an endogenous HDAC1 inhibitory protein to inhibit the HDAC1 activity of vorinostat and exert a synergistic anti-OTSCC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqian Yuan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Jingkang Yong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Xueming Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
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Panagiotopoulos AA, Kalyvianaki K, Tsodoulou PK, Darivianaki MN, Dellis D, Notas G, Daskalakis V, Theodoropoulos PA, Panagiotidis CΑ, Castanas E, Kampa M. Recognition motifs for importin 4 [(L)PPRS(G/P)P] and importin 5 [KP(K/Y)LV] binding, identified by bio-informatic simulation and experimental in vitro validation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5952-5961. [PMID: 36382187 PMCID: PMC9646746 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of large proteins is mediated through karyopherins, carrier proteins recognizing specific motifs of cargo proteins, known as nuclear localization signals (NLS). However, only few NLS signals have been reported until now. In the present work, NLS signals for Importins 4 and 5 were identified through an unsupervised in silico approach, followed by experimental in vitro validation. The sequences LPPRS(G/P)P and KP(K/Y)LV were identified and are proposed as recognition motifs for Importins 4 and 5 binding, respectively. They are involved in the trafficking of important proteins into the nucleus. These sequences were validated in the breast cancer cell line T47D, which expresses both Importins 4 and 5. Elucidating the complex relationships of the nuclear transporters and their cargo proteins is very important in better understanding the mechanism of nuclear transport of proteins and laying the foundation for the development of novel therapeutics, targeting specific importins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantina Kalyvianaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71013, Greece
| | - Paraskevi K. Tsodoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Maria N. Darivianaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitris Dellis
- National Infrastructures for Research and Technology, Athens 11523, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71013, Greece
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Christos Α. Panagiotidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71013, Greece,Corresponding authors.
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71013, Greece,Corresponding authors.
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Walker CJ, Chang H, Henegar L, Kashyap T, Shacham S, Sommer J, Wick MJ, Levy J, Landesman Y. Selinexor inhibits growth of patient derived chordomas in vivo as a single agent and in combination with abemaciclib through diverse mechanisms. Front Oncol 2022; 12:808021. [PMID: 36059685 PMCID: PMC9434827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.808021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare cancer that grows in the base of the skull and along the mobile spine from remnants of embryonic notochord tissue. The cornerstone of current treatments is surgical excision with adjuvant radiation therapy, although complete surgical removal is not always possible. Chordomas have high rates of metastasis and recurrence, with no approved targeted agents. Selinexor and eltanexor are selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) that prevent the karyopherin protein exportin-1 (XPO1) from shuttling its cargo proteins through nuclear pore complexes out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. As cancer cells overexpress XPO1, and many of its cargos include tumor suppressor proteins and complexes bound to oncogene mRNAs, XPO1 inhibition can suppress oncogene translation and restore tumor suppressor protein activity in different cancer types. SINE compounds have exhibited anti-cancer activity in a wide range of hematological and solid tumor malignancies. Here we demonstrate the preclinical effectiveness of SINE compounds used as single agents or in combination with either the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or the CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, against various patient- derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of chordoma, which included clival and sacral chordomas from adult or pediatric patients with either primary or metastatic disease, with either differentiated or poorly differentiated subtypes. SINE treatment significantly impaired tumor growth in all five tested chordoma models, with the selinexor and abemaciclib combination showing the strongest activity (tumor growth inhibition of 78-92%). Immunohistochemistry analysis of excised tumors revealed that selinexor treatment resulted in marked induction of apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation, as well as nuclear accumulation of SMAD4, and reduction of Brachyury and YAP1. RNA sequencing showed selinexor treatment resulted in differences in activated and repressed signaling pathways between the PDX models, including changes in WNT signaling, E2F pathways and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. This is consistent with SINE-compound mediated XPO1 inhibition exhibiting anti-cancer activity through a broad range of different mechanisms in different molecular chordoma subsets. Our findings validate the need for further investigation into selinexor as a targeted therapeutic for chordoma, especially in combination with abemaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Walker
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Hua Chang
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Leah Henegar
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Trinayan Kashyap
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Sharon Shacham
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Josh Sommer
- Department of Research, Chordoma Foundation, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J. Wick
- Department of Research, XenoSTART, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Joan Levy
- Department of Research, Chordoma Foundation, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yosef Landesman
- Department of Translational Research, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc, Newton, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yosef Landesman,
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9
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The efficacy of selinexor (KPT-330), an XPO1 inhibitor, on non-hematologic cancers: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2139-2155. [PMID: 35941226 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selinexor is a novel XPO1 inhibitor which inhibits the export of tumor suppressor proteins and oncoprotein mRNAs, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. While selinexor is currently FDA approved to treat multiple myeloma, compelling preclinical and early clinical studies reveal selinexor's efficacy in treating hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies, including sarcoma, gastric, bladder, prostate, breast, ovarian, skin, lung, and brain cancers. Current reviews of selinexor primarily highlight its use in hematologic malignancies; however, this review seeks to summarize the recent evidence of selinexor treatment in solid tumors. METHODS Pertinent literature searches in PubMed and the Karyopharm Therapeutics website for selinexor and non-hematologic malignancies preclinical and clinical trials. RESULTS This review provides evidence that selinexor is a promising agent used alone or in combination with other anticancer medications in non-hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSION Further clinical investigation of selinexor treatment for solid malignancies is warranted.
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10
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Segeren HA, Westendorp B. Mechanisms used by cancer cells to tolerate drug-induced replication stress. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215804. [PMID: 35750276 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Activation of oncogenes in cancer cells forces cell proliferation, leading to DNA replication stress (RS). As a consequence, cancer cells heavily rely on the intra S-phase checkpoint for survival. This fundamental principle formed the basis for the development of inhibitors against key players of the intra S-phase checkpoint, ATR and CHK1. These drugs are often combined with chemotherapeutic drugs that interfere with DNA replication to exacerbate RS and exhaust the intra S-phase checkpoint in cancer cells. However, drug resistance impedes efficient clinical use, suggesting that some cancer cells tolerate severe RS. In this review, we describe how an increased nucleotide pool, boosted stabilization and repair of stalled forks and firing of dormant origins fortify the RS response in cancer cells. Notably, the vast majority of the genes that confer RS tolerance are regulated by the E2F and NRF2 transcription factors. These transcriptional programs are frequently activated in cancer cells, allowing simultaneous activation of multiple tolerance avenues. We propose that the E2F and NRF2 transcriptional programs can be used as biomarker to select patients for treatment with RS-inducing drugs and as novel targets to kill RS-tolerant cancer cells. Together, this review aims to provide a framework to maximally exploit RS as an Achilles' heel of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrika A Segeren
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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11
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Sellin M, Berg S, Hagen P, Zhang J. The molecular mechanism and challenge of targeting XPO1 in treatment of relapsed and refractory myeloma. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101448. [PMID: 35660848 PMCID: PMC9166471 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made on the treatment of MM during past two decades. Acquired drug-resistance continues to drive early relapse in primary refractory MM. XPO1 over-expression and cargo mislocalization are associated with drug-resistance. XPO1 inhibitor selinexor restores drug sensitivity to subsets of RR-MM cells.
Multiple myeloma (MM) treatment regimens have vastly improved since the introduction of immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies; however, MM is considered an incurable disease due to inevitable relapse and acquired drug resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which drug resistance is acquired will help create novel strategies to prevent relapse and help develop novel therapeutics to treat relapsed/refractory (RR)-MM patients. Currently, only homozygous deletion/mutation of TP53 gene due to “double-hits” on Chromosome 17p region is consistently associated with a poor prognosis. The exciting discovery of XPO1 overexpression and mislocalization of its cargos in the RR-MM cells has led to a novel treatment options. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor can restore sensitivity of RR-MM to PIs and dexamethasone. We will elaborate on the problems of MM treatment strategies and discuss the mechanism and challenges of using XPO1 inhibitors in RR-MM therapies while deliberating potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sellin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Stephanie Berg
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cancer Biology and Internal Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Patrick Hagen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, USA
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12
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Balasubramanian SK, Azmi AS, Maciejewski J. Selective inhibition of nuclear export: a promising approach in the shifting treatment paradigms for hematological neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:601-612. [PMID: 35091658 PMCID: PMC8885406 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel targeted therapeutics alone or in rational combinations are likely to dominate the future management of various hematological neoplasms. However, the challenges currently faced are the molecular heterogeneity in driver lesions and genetic plasticity leading to multiple resistance pathways. Thus, progress has overall been gradual. For example, despite the advent of targeted agents against actionable drivers like FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis remains suboptimal in newly diagnosed and dismal in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting, due to other molecular abnormalities contributing to inherent and acquired treatment resistance. Nuclear export inhibitors are of keen interest because they can inhibit several active tumorigenic processes simultaneously and also synergize with other targeted drugs and chemotherapy. XPO1 (or CRM1, chromosome maintenance region 1) is one of the most studied exportins involved in transporting critical cargoes, including tumor suppressor proteins like p27, p53, and RB1. Apart from the TSP cargo transport and its role in drug resistance, XPO1 inhibition results in retention of master transcription factors essential for cell differentiation, cell survival, and autophagy, rendering cells more susceptible to the effects of other antineoplastic agents, including targeted therapies. This review will dissect the role of XPO1 inhibition in hematological neoplasms, focusing on mechanistic insights gleaned mainly from work with SINE compounds. Future potential combinatorial strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
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13
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Zhang ZM, Cao HB, Li ZH, Zhuo R, Tao YF, Li XL, Li G, Liao XM, Fang F, Xie Y, Wu D, Wang HR, Wang JW, Chen YL, Yu JJ, Jia SQ, Yang RD, Guo XY, Yang Y, Feng CX, Xu YY, Qian GH, Pan J. SAPCD2 promotes neuroblastoma progression by altering the subcellular distribution of E2F7. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:174. [PMID: 35197448 PMCID: PMC8866461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies uncovered the emerging roles of SAPCD2 (suppressor anaphase-promoting complex domain containing 2) in several types of human cancer. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of SAPCD2 in the progression of neuroblastoma (NB) remain elusive. Herein, through integrative analysis of public datasets and regulatory network of GSK-J4, a small-molecule drug with anti-NB activity, we identified SAPCD2 as an appealing target with a high connection to poor prognosis in NB. SAPCD2 promoted NB progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SAPCD2 could directly bind to cytoplasmic E2F7 but not E2F1, alter the subcellular distribution of E2F7 and regulate E2F activity. Among the E2F family members, the roles of E2F7 in NB are poorly understood. We found that an increasing level of nuclear E2F7 was induced by SAPCD2 knockdown, thereby affecting the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and chromosome instability. In addition, Selinexor (KTP-330), a clinically available inhibitor of exportin 1 (XPO1), could induce nuclear accumulation of E2F7 and suppress the growth of NB. Overall, our studies suggested a previously unrecognized role of SAPCD2 in the E2F signaling pathway and a potential therapeutic approach for NB, as well as clues for understanding the differences in subcellular distribution of E2F1 and E2F7 during their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.
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14
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Cao R, Cui L, Zhang J, Ren X, Cheng B, Xia J. Immune-related lncRNA classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 35033066 PMCID: PMC8760760 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, we aimed to identify ideal subtypes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on immune-related lncRNAs. Methods TCGA HNSCC cohort was divided into two datasets (training and validation dataset), and 960 previously characterized immune-related lncRNAs were extracted for non-negative matrix factorization analysis. We characterized our HNSCC subtypes based on biological behaviors, immune landscape and response to immunotherapy in both training and validation cohort. A lncRNA-signature was generated to predict our HNSCC subtypes, and essential lncRNAs involved in tumor microenvironment (TME) were identified. Results We developed and validated two HNSCC subtypes (C1 and C2) based on the 70 lncRNAs in the training and validation cohort. C2 subtype displayed good prognosis, high immune cell infiltration, immune-related genes expression and sensitivity to PD-1 blockade. C1 subtype was associated with high activity of mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis as well as high fraction of inactive immune cells. Finally, we generated a 31-lncRNA signature that could predict our above subtypes with high accurate. Additionally, TRG-AS1 was identified as the essential lncRNA involving TME formation. Knockdown of TRG-AS1 inhibited the expression of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. High expression of TRG-AS1 indicated a favorable prognosis in HNSCC and anti-PD-L1 cohort (IMvigor210). Conclusions Our study establishes a novel HNSCC classification on the basis of 31-lncRNA, helping to identify beneficiaries for anti-PD-1 treatment. In addition, a critical lncRNA TRG-AS1 is identified as a new potential prognosis biomarker as well as therapeutic target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02450-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cui
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Luo H, Tao C, Long X, Zhu X, Huang K. Early 2 factor (E2F) transcription factors contribute to malignant progression and have clinical prognostic value in lower-grade glioma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7765-7779. [PMID: 34617871 PMCID: PMC8806968 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) genes encoding a family of transcription factors are significantly associated with apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis in several tumor types. However, the biological functions of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) and their potential involvement in the malignancy of lower-grade glioma (LGG) remain unclear. We explored the effects of the expression of eight E2F family members on the clinical characteristics of LGG based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GSE16011 datasets. Two LGG subgroups were identified according to the consensus clustering of the eight E2Fs. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm for further functional experiments and the development of a potential risk score. Two categories of patients with LGG were identified based on the median risk scores. We then developed a nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the bioinformatics results. Our results indicated that E2F family members were significantly involved in the malignancy of LGG and might serve as effective prognostic biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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16
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Sun Q, Kim OS, He Y, Lim W, Ma G, Kim B, Kim Y, Kim O. Role of E2F1/ SPHK1 and HSP27 During Irradiation in a PMA-Induced Inflammatory Model. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 38:512-520. [PMID: 32780686 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) are important for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects after red light irradiation in an inflammatory model. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether SPHK1 and HSP27 work independently or are dependent on some other regulator after 625 nm light-emitting diode irradiation in the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups with or without 625 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) in the inflammatory model. Potential transcription factors (TFs) of key DEGs were predicted using the iRegulon plugin. The mechanism was investigated by analyzing mRNA and protein expression levels, prostaglandin E2 levels, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced HaCaT cells after 625 nm PBM. Results: A total of 6 TFs (e.g., E2F1) and 51 key DEGs (e.g., SPHK1) were identified after 625 nm PBM in PMA-stimulated HaCaT cells. E2F1 worked as a regulator of SPHK1; however, it did not affect HSP27. E2F1 knockdown drastically decreased the SPHK1 expression level and increased the intracellular ROS, as well as the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins in PMA-induced HaCaT cells. In addition, the inhibition of HSP27 decreased the anti-inflammatory effect of 625 nm PBM. Conclusions: E2F1 worked as a TF of SPHK1 and exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects through SPHK1 in PMA-induced HaCaT cells after 625 nm PBM. HSP27 is essential for the 625 nm PBM-induced anti-inflammatory function. Therefore, E2F1/SPHK1 and HSP27 could be used as potential biomarkers for anti-inflammatory therapy with 625 nm PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yuzhu He
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wonbong Lim
- Department of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Gao L, Wu ZX, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Wang L. Overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance via restoration of tumor suppressor gene function. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100770. [PMID: 34175687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical cancer treatment. However, the frequent emergence of drug resistance severely comprosises their anti-cancer efficacy. A number of studies indicated that loss of function of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is involved in the development of cancer drug resistance, apart from decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, induction of anti-apoptosis mechanisms, alterations in tumor microenvironment, drug compartmentalization, enhanced DNA repair and drug inactivation. TSGs are involved in the pathogenesis of tumor formation through regulation of DNA damage repair, cell apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and signal transduction. Our increased understanding of TSGs in the past decades demonstrates that gene mutation is not the only reason that leads to the inactivation of TSGs. Loss of function of TSGs may be based on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, epigenetic and transcriptional regualtion, post-translation modifications like phosphorylation as well as cellular translocation of TSGs. As the above processes can constitute"druggable targets", these mechanisms provide novel therapeutic approaches in targeting TSGs. Some small molecule compounds targeting these approaches re-activated TSGs and reversed cancer drug resistance. Along this vein, functional restoration of TSGs is a novel and promising approach to surmount cancer drug resistance. In the current review, we draw a scenario based on the role of loss of function of TSGs in drug resistance, on mechanisms leading to inactivation of TSGs and on pharmacological agents acting on these mechanisms to overcome cancer drug resistance. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies targeting TSGs and offers possible modalities to conquer cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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18
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Wang J, Sun T, Meng Z, Wang L, Li M, Chen J, Qin T, Yu J, Zhang M, Bie Z, Dong Z, Jiang X, Lin L, Zhang C, Liu Z, Jiang R, Yang G, Li L, Zhang Y, Huang D. XPO1 inhibition synergizes with PARP1 inhibition in small cell lung cancer by targeting nuclear transport of FOXO3a. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:197-212. [PMID: 33493586 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patient mortality rates have remained stubbornly high for the past decades in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) because of having no standard targeted therapies with confirmed advantages at present. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promise in preclinical models but have had unsatisfactory clinical results in SCLC. By RNA-seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (ITRAQ), we revealed that PARP1 inhibition led to the relocalization of forkhead box-O3a (FOXO3a) from nuclear to cytoplasm. By performing co-Immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout plasmid we showed that FOXO3a was subject to exportin 1 (XPO1)-dependent nuclear export. We demonstrated the effects of the PARP inhibitor BMN673 on apoptosis and DNA damage were markedly enhanced by simultaneous inhibition of XPO1 in vitro. The combination of BMN673 and the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor inhibited primary SCLC cell proliferation in mini-patient-derived xenotransplants (miniPDXs) and markedly inhibited tumor growth without significant toxicity in xenograft models. The efficacy was enhanced for more than 2.5 times, compared to the single agent. Based on these findings, we further designed a novel dual PARP-XPO1 inhibitor and showed its effectiveness in SCLC. In this work, we illustrated that combining a PARP inhibitor with an XPO1 inhibitor is associated with significantly improved efficacy and tolerability. Dual PARP-XPO1 inhibition restored the FOXO3a balance and activity in SCLC. Collectively, targeting PARP1 and XPO1 opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention against SCLC, warranting further investigation in potential clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhaoting Meng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Liuchun Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The No.1 Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050010, PR China
| | - Zhixin Bie
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiangli Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Zhujun Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The No.1 Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050010, PR China.
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, PR China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, PR China.
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19
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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20
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Excessive E2F Transcription in Single Cancer Cells Precludes Transient Cell-Cycle Exit after DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108449. [PMID: 33264622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors control the expression of cell-cycle genes. Cancers often demonstrate enhanced E2F target gene expression, which can be explained by increased percentages of replicating cells. However, we demonstrate in human cancer biopsy specimens that individual neoplastic cells display abnormally high levels of E2F-dependent transcription. To mimic this situation, we delete the atypical E2F repressors (E2F7/8) or overexpress the E2F3 activator in untransformed cells. Cells with elevated E2F activity during S/G2 phase fail to exit the cell cycle after DNA damage and undergo mitosis. In contrast, wild-type cells complete S phase and then exit the cell cycle by activating the APC/CCdh1 via repression of the E2F target Emi1. Many arrested wild-type cells eventually inactivate APC/CCdh1 to execute a second round of DNA replication and mitosis, thereby becoming tetraploid. Cells with elevated E2F transcription fail to exit the cell cycle after DNA damage, which potentially causes genomic instability, promotes malignant progression, and reduces drug sensitivity.
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21
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Verbeke D, Demeyer S, Prieto C, de Bock CE, De Bie J, Gielen O, Jacobs K, Mentens N, Verhoeven BM, Uyttebroeck A, Boeckx N, De Keersmaecker K, Maertens J, Segers H, Cools J. The XPO1 Inhibitor KPT-8602 Synergizes with Dexamethasone in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5747-5758. [PMID: 32826328 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KPT-8602 (Eltanexor) is a second-generation exportin-1 (XPO1) inhibitor with potent activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in preclinical models and with minimal effects on normal cells. In this study, we evaluated whether KPT-8602 would synergize with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin, three drugs currently used for the treatment of ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN First, we searched for the most synergistic combination of KPT-8602 with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin in vitro in both B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines using proliferation and apoptosis as a readout. Next, we validated this synergistic effect by treatment of clinically relevant B- and T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models in vivo. Finally, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine the mechanism of synergy. RESULTS KPT-8602 showed strong synergism with dexamethasone on human B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines as well as in vivo in three patient-derived ALL xenografts. Compared with single-drug treatment, the drug combination caused increased apoptosis and led to histone depletion. Mechanistically, integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that addition of KPT-8602 to dexamethasone enhanced the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and led to increased inhibition of E2F-mediated transcription. We observed strong inhibition of E2F target genes related to cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical study demonstrates that KPT-8602 enhances the effects of dexamethasone to inhibit B-ALL and T-ALL cells via NR3C1- and E2F-mediated transcriptional complexes, allowing to achieve increased dexamethasone effects for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Verbeke
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Demeyer
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jolien De Bie
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Gielen
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Jacobs
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Mentens
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bronte Manouk Verhoeven
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Maertens
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Segers
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuvens Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven - UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Zhou Y, Liu F, Xu Q, Yang B, Li X, Jiang S, Hu L, Zhang X, Zhu L, Li Q, Zhu X, Shao H, Dai M, Shen Y, Ni B, Wang S, Zhang Z, Teng Y. Inhibiting Importin 4-mediated nuclear import of CEBPD enhances chemosensitivity by repression of PRKDC-driven DNA damage repair in cervical cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:5633-5648. [PMID: 32661323 PMCID: PMC7441007 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) remains highest in the mortality of female reproductive system cancers, while cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the one of main reasons for the lethality. Preceding evidence has supported that karyopherins are associated with chemoresistance. In this study, we simultaneously compared CDDP-incomplete responders with CDDP-complete responders of CC patients and CDDP‐insensitive CC cell lines with CDDP‐sensitive group. We finally identified that DNA-PKcs (PRKDC) was related to CDDP sensitivity after overlapping in CC sample tissues and CC cell lines. Further functional assay revealed that targeting PRKDC by shRNA and NU7026 (specific PRKDC inhibitor) could enhance CDDP sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, which was mediated by impairing DNA damage repair pathway in CC. Mechanistically, we found that PRKDC was transcriptionally upregulated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD), while intriguingly, CDDP treatment strengthened the transcriptional activity of CEBPD to PRKDC. We further disclosed that Importin 4 (IPO4) augmented the nuclear translocation of CEBPD through nuclear localization signals (NLS) to activate PRKDC-mediated DNA damage repair in response to CDDP. Moreover, we demonstrated that IPO4 and CEBPD knockdown improved CDDP-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Together, we shed the novel insight into the role of IPO4 in chemosensitivity and provide a clinical translational potential to enhance CC chemosensitivity since the IPO4-CEBPD-PRKDC axis is actionable via NU7026 (PRKDC inhibitor) or targeting IPO4 in combination with CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.,Global Clinical Medical Affairs (GCMA), Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. 7/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, No.1801 HongMei Rd. Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Qinyang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Bikang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lipeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Hongfang Shao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yifei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Bo Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200217, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Jacobi medical center, bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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23
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J, Cao H. Integrated analysis of the E2F transcription factors across cancer types. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1133-1146. [PMID: 32323836 PMCID: PMC7058048 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are associated with the development of cancer. However, the E2F family genes have not yet been studied in a comprehensive manner. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, the present study analyzed the functions of the E2F family genes across different types of tumor. It was revealed that compared with normal tissues, the E2F family genes are highly expressed in several types of tumor tissue. Furthermore, E2F transcription factors were significantly enriched in tumor samples across different types of tumor. The high expression levels of E2F family genes were associated with an unfavorable prognosis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Furthermore, patients with pathological T1 stage and iCluster2 molecular subtype of LIHC expressed particularly low levels of E2F family genes. The present study demonstrated that hypo-DNA methylation, DNA amplification and TP53 mutation contributed to the high expression levels of E2F family genes in cancer cells. Finally, the present study revealed that, compared with other types of tumor, the E2F family genes were specifically downregulated in patients with LIHC. The expression levels and prognostic effects of the E2F family genes were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The results of the present study revealed the biological functions of E2F family genes in the development of cancer and provided potential biomarkers for further therapeutic studies, particularly for patients with LIHC and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Provincial Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui‑Jin Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- Fujian Provincial Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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24
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Sousa D, Matthiesen R, Lima RT, Vasconcelos MH. Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals Distinctive Non-Coding RNAs When Comparing Tumor Multidrug-Resistant Cells and Extracellular Vesicles with Drug-Sensitive Counterparts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010200. [PMID: 31947507 PMCID: PMC7016831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main limitations of cancer treatment. The overexpression of drug-efflux pumps, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is a major cause of MDR. Importantly, different studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in the communication between MDR cells and drug-sensitive counterparts, promoting dissemination of the MDR phenotype. In the present work, we aimed to identify RNA species present in MDR cells and in EVs released by those cells, which may be associated with the MDR phenotype. The RNA content from two pairs (leukemia and lung cancer) of MDR (P-gp overexpressing) cells and their drug-sensitive counterparts, as well as from their EVs, was analyzed by deep sequencing. Our results showed distinctive transcripts for MDR cells and their EVs, when compared with their drug-sensitive counterparts. Remarkably, two pseudogenes (a novel pseudogene and RNA 5.8S ribosomal pseudogene 2) were found to be increased in EVs released by MDR cells in both leukemia and lung cancer models. Moreover, six miRs (miR-204-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-29c-5p, miR-551b-3p, miR-29b-2-5p, and miR-204-3p) exhibited altered levels in lung cancer MDR cells and their EVs. This study provides insights into the contribution of EVs to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.S.); (R.T.L.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology Group, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-939-218-696 (R.M.); +351-225-570-772 (M.H.V.)
| | - Raquel T. Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.S.); (R.T.L.)
- Department of Pathology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.S.); (R.T.L.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-939-218-696 (R.M.); +351-225-570-772 (M.H.V.)
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25
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Hightower RM, Reid AL, Gibbs DE, Wang Y, Widrick JJ, Kunkel LM, Kastenschmidt JM, Villalta SA, van Groen T, Chang H, Gornisiewicz S, Landesman Y, Tamir S, Alexander MS. The SINE Compound KPT-350 Blocks Dystrophic Pathologies in DMD Zebrafish and Mice. Mol Ther 2020; 28:189-201. [PMID: 31628052 PMCID: PMC6952030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked muscle wasting disease that is caused by the loss of functional dystrophin protein in cardiac and skeletal muscles. DMD patient muscles become weakened, leading to eventual myofiber breakdown and replacement with fibrotic and adipose tissues. Inflammation drives the pathogenic processes through releasing inflammatory cytokines and other factors that promote skeletal muscle degeneration and contributing to the loss of motor function. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are a class of compounds that function by inhibiting the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1). The XPO1 protein is an important regulator of key inflammatory and neurological factors that drive inflammation and neurotoxicity in various neurological and neuromuscular diseases. Here, we demonstrate that SINE compound KPT-350 can ameliorate dystrophic-associated pathologies in the muscles of DMD models of zebrafish and mice. Thus, SINE compounds are a promising novel strategy for blocking dystrophic symptoms and could be used in combinatorial treatments for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylie M Hightower
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrea L Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Devin E Gibbs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna M Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hua Chang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew S Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Genetics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Civitan International Research Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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26
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Chaib I, Cai X, Llige D, Santarpia M, Jantus-Lewintre E, Filipska M, Pedraz C, Cui J, Yang J, Miao J, Sun R, Bracht JWP, Ito M, Codony-Servat J, Karachaliou N, Aguilar A, Rosell R, Cao P. Osimertinib and dihydroartemisinin: a novel drug combination targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:651. [PMID: 31930052 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a dismal prognosis with limited progression-free survival and overall survival, even when treated with different combinations of chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy. We explored in vitro and in vivo the effect of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, osimertinib, alone and in combination with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in HNSCC. Methods The combination of osimertinib with DHA was tested in the FaDu and CAL27 HNSCC cell lines. Tumor cell proliferation assays were conducted in cultured cells and mouse xenografts. Western blotting analysis of related signal pathways was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of DHA and the combination. Other compounds, which inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Src-family kinases (SFKs), sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), or the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) AXL were also combined with osimertinib in vitro. Results Osimertinib exerted synergistic cytotoxicity toward FaDu and CAL27 HNSCC cells when combined with DHA. DHA reversed the osimertinib-induced STAT3 and Src phosphorylation. The double combination inhibited AXL expression. The anticancer potential of osimertinib plus DHA combination was validated in vivo on FaDu and CAL27 xenografts in mice without notable side effects. Conclusions The results illustrate that the combinatory therapy of osimertinib and DHA, as a repurposing anticancer drug, could be a novel therapeutic strategy for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC patients. The findings strongly indicate that a clinical trial is warranted to confirm the benefit of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chaib
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Llige
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martyna Filipska
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedraz
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jean Cui
- TP Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Rongwei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | | | - Masaoki Ito
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Codony-Servat
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilar
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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27
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Chen L, Huang Y, Zhou L, Lian Y, Wang J, Chen D, Wei H, Huang M, Huang Y. Prognostic roles of the transcriptional expression of exportins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190827. [PMID: 31371628 PMCID: PMC6702357 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: A large number of studies have suggested that exportins (XPOs) play a pivotal role in human cancers. In the present study, we analyzed XPO mRNA expression in cancer tissues and explored their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: Transcriptional and survival data related to XPO expression in HCC patients were obtained through the ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Sequence alteration data for XPOs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and c-BioPortal. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).Results: Compared with normal liver tissues, significant XPO mRNA overexpression was observed in HCC cancer tissues. There was a trend of higher XPO expression in more advanced clinical stages and lower differentiated pathological grades of HCC. In HCC patients, high expression of XPO1, CSE1L, XPOT, XPO4/5/6 was related to poor overall survival (OS), and XPO1, CSE1L and XPO5/6 were correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The main genetic alterations in XPOs involved mRNA up-regulation, DNA amplification and deletion. General XPO mutations were remarkably associated with worse OS and mostly affected the pathways of RNA transport and oocyte meiosis.Conclusion: High expression of XPOs was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. XPOs may be exploited as good prognostic biomarkers for survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Enya Chen YC, Burgess M, Mapp S, Mollee P, Gill D, Blumenthal A, Saunders NA. PI3K-p110δ contributes to antibody responses by macrophages in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 34:451-461. [PMID: 31462739 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptor (FcγR) signalling in monocyte derived macrophages from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients is poorly understood. This signalling pathway is the key determinant of the ability of the macrophages to respond to therapeutic antibodies in current clinical use for CLL. Muted FcγR signalling activity accompanies disease progression and results in resistance to therapeutic antibodies. The molecular mechanisms controlling FcγR signalling and resistance are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110δ is essential for CLL-derived macrophages to respond to therapeutic antibodies. Inhibition of p110δ in the macrophages reduces FcγR-mediated antibody immune responses. Surprisingly, our studies indicated that FcγR downstream signalling is independent of SYK and BTK activity. Thus, we show that FcγR antibody responses occur via a previously unidentified p110δ-dependent pathway, which is independent of the previously described SYK/BTK activation pathway. These data provide novel insights into the effectors of antibody responses. Our data also provide mechanistic insights into therapy resistance in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Enya Chen
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Melinda Burgess
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sally Mapp
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Mollee
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Devinder Gill
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Services Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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29
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Molecular Comparison of Imatinib-Naïve and Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Differentially Expressed microRNAs and mRNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060882. [PMID: 31238586 PMCID: PMC6627192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of imatinib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients, 50% of the patients experience resistance within two years of treatment underscoring the need to get better insight into the mechanisms conferring imatinib resistance. Here the microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in primary (imatinib-naïve) and imatinib-resistant GIST were examined. Fifty-three GIST samples harboring primary KIT mutations (exon 9; n = 11/exon 11; n = 41/exon 17; n = 1) and comprising imatinib-naïve (IM-n) (n = 33) and imatinib-resistant (IM-r) (n = 20) tumors, were analyzed. The microRNA expression profiles were determined and from a subset (IM-n, n = 14; IM-r, n = 15) the mRNA expression profile was established. Ingenuity pathway analyses were used to unravel biochemical pathways and gene networks in IM-r GIST. Thirty-five differentially expressed miRNAs between IM-n and IM-r GIST samples were identified. Additionally, miRNAs distinguished IM-r samples with and without secondary KIT mutations. Furthermore 352 aberrantly expressed genes were found in IM-r samples. Pathway and network analyses revealed an association of differentially expressed genes with cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation, thereby implicating genes and pathways involved in imatinib resistance in GIST. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs between IM-n and IM-r GIST were identified. Bioinformatic analyses provided insight into the genes and biochemical pathways involved in imatinib-resistance and highlighted key genes that may be putative treatment targets.
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30
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Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-RB-E2F axis forms the core transcriptional machinery driving cell cycle progression, dictating the timing and fidelity of genome replication and ensuring genetic material is accurately passed through each cell division cycle. The ultimate effectors of this axis are members of a family of eight distinct E2F genes encoding transcriptional activators and repressors. E2F transcriptional activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle via transcriptional and translational regulation, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors and subcellular localization. Alterations in one or more key components of this axis (CDKs, cyclins, CDK inhibitors and the RB family of proteins) occur in virtually all cancers and result in heightened oncogenic E2F activity, leading to uncontrolled proliferation. In this Review, we discuss the activities of E2F proteins with an emphasis on the newest atypical E2F family members, the specific and redundant functions of E2F proteins, how misexpression of E2F transcriptional targets promotes cancer and both current and developing therapeutic strategies being used to target this oncogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Kent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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