1
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Koutsilieri S, Mickols E, Végvári Á, Lauschke VM. Proteomic workflows for deep phenotypic profiling of 3D organotypic liver models. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300684. [PMID: 38509783 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Organotypic human tissue models constitute promising systems to facilitate drug discovery and development. They allow to maintain native cellular phenotypes and functions, which enables long-term pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies, as well as phenotypic screening. To trace relevant phenotypic changes back to specific targets or signaling pathways, comprehensive proteomic profiling is the gold-standard. A multitude of proteomic workflows have been applied on 3D tissue models to quantify their molecular phenotypes; however, their impact on analytical results and biological conclusions in this context has not been evaluated. The performance of twelve mass spectrometry-based global proteomic workflows that differed in the amount of cellular input, lysis protocols and quantification methods was compared for the analysis of primary human liver spheroids. Results differed majorly between protocols in the total number and subcellular compartment bias of identified proteins, which is particularly relevant for the reliable quantification of transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes. Using a model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, we furthermore show that critical disease pathways are robustly identified using a standardized high throughput-compatible workflow based on thermal lysis, even using only individual spheroids (1500 cells) as input. The results increase the applicability of proteomic profiling to phenotypic screens in organotypic microtissues and provide a scalable platform for deep phenotyping from limited biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evgeniya Mickols
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Kim D, Shah M, Kim JH, Kim J, Baek YH, Jeong JS, Han SY, Lee YS, Park G, Cho JH, Roh YH, Lee SW, Choi GB, Park JH, Yoo KH, Seong RH, Lee YS, Woo HG. Integrative transcriptomic and genomic analyses unveil the IFI16 variants and expression as MASLD progression markers. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00759. [PMID: 38385945 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a broad and continuous spectrum of liver diseases ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis. The intricate interactions of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in the development and progression of MASLD remain elusive. Here, we aimed to achieve an integrative understanding of the genomic and transcriptomic alterations throughout the progression of MASLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS RNA-Seq profiling (n = 146) and whole-exome sequencing (n = 132) of MASLD liver tissue samples identified 3 transcriptomic subtypes (G1-G3) of MASLD, which were characterized by stepwise pathological and molecular progression of the disease. Macrophage-driven inflammatory activities were identified as a key feature for differentiating these subtypes. This subtype-discriminating macrophage interplay was significantly associated with both the expression and genetic variation of the dsDNA sensor IFI16 (rs6940, A>T, T779S), establishing it as a fundamental molecular factor in MASLD progression. The in vitro dsDNA-IFI16 binding experiments and structural modeling revealed that the IFI16 variant exhibited increased stability and stronger dsDNA binding affinity compared to the wild-type. Further downstream investigation suggested that the IFI16 variant exacerbated DNA sensing-mediated inflammatory signals through mitochondrial dysfunction-related signaling of the IFI16-PYCARD-CASP1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils a comprehensive understanding of MASLD progression through transcriptomic classification, highlighting the crucial roles of IFI16 variants. Targeting the IFI16-PYCARD-CASP1 pathway may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - JungMo Kim
- Ajou Translational Omics Center (ATOC), Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Jeong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeul Park
- Division of Rare Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Cho
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Roh
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Center, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Bok Choi
- Department of Radiology, On Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Lee
- Division of Rare Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Ajou Translational Omics Center (ATOC), Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hammoutene A, Laouirem S, Albuquerque M, Colnot N, Brzustowski A, Valla D, Provost N, Delerive P, Paradis V. A new NRF2 activator for the treatment of human metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100845. [PMID: 37663119 PMCID: PMC10472315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Oxidative stress triggers metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and fibrosis. Previous animal studies demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), the master regulator of antioxidant response, protects against MAFLD and fibrosis. S217879, a next generation NRF2 activator has been recently shown to trigger diet-induced steatohepatitis resolution and to reduce established fibrosis in rodents. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of S217879 in human MAFLD and its underlying mechanisms using the relevant experimental 3D model of patient-derived precision cut liver slices (PCLS). Methods We treated PCLS from 12 patients with varying stages of MAFLD with S217879 or elafibranor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]α/δ agonist used as a referent molecule) for 2 days. Safety and efficacy profiles, steatosis, liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed as well as mechanisms involved in MAFLD pathophysiology, namely antioxidant response, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Results Neither elafibranor nor S217879 had toxic effects at the tested concentrations on human PCLS with MAFLD. PPARα/δ and NRF2 target genes (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 [PDK4], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1], heme oxygenase 1 [HMOX1], respectively) were strongly upregulated in PCLS in response to elafibranor and S217879, respectively. Compared with untreated PCLS, elafibranor and S217879-treated slices displayed lower triglycerides and reduced inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 [CCL2]). Additional inflammatory markers (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 [CCL5], stimulator of interferon genes [STING], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were downregulated by S217879. S217879 but not elafibranor lowered DNA damage (phospho-Histone H2A.X [p-H2A.X], RAD51, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 [XRCC1]) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and inhibited fibrogenesis markers expression (alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], collagen 1 alpha 1 [COL1A1], collagen 1 alpha 2 [COL1A2]). Such effects were mediated through an improvement of lipid metabolism, activated antioxidant response and enhanced autophagy, without effect on endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Conclusions This study highlights the therapeutic potential of a new NRF2 activator for MAFLD using patient-derived PCLS supporting the evaluation of NRF2 activating strategies in clinical trials. Impact and implications Oxidative stress is a major driver of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development and progression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, the master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of MAFLD. This study demonstrates that S217879, a new potent and selective nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator, displays antisteatotic effects, lowers DNA damage, apoptosis, and inflammation and inhibits fibrogenesis in human PCLS in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Samira Laouirem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Colnot
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Angélique Brzustowski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - the QUID-NASH Research Group
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
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Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu X, Kiupel M, Li A, Wang H, Mi QS, Xiao H. NCOA5 Haploinsufficiency in Myeloid-Lineage Cells Sufficiently Causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37734594 PMCID: PMC10665956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) is a putative type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene. NCOA5 haploinsufficiency results in the spontaneous development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male mice; however, the cell-specific effect of NCOA5 haploinsufficiency in various types of cells, including macrophages, on the development of NAFLD and HCC remains unknown. METHODS Control and myeloid-lineage-specific Ncoa5 deletion (Ncoa5ΔM/+) mice fed a normal diet were examined for the development of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and HCC. Altered genes and signaling pathways in the intrahepatic macrophages of Ncoa5ΔM/+ male mice were analyzed and compared with those of obese human individuals. The role of platelet factor 4 (PF4) in macrophages and the underlying mechanism by which PF4 affects NAFLD/NASH were explored in vitro and in vivo. PF4 expression in HCC patient specimens and prognosis was examined. RESULTS Myeloid-lineage-specific Ncoa5 deletion sufficiently causes spontaneous NASH and HCC development in male mice fed a normal diet. PF4 overexpression in Ncoa5ΔM/+ intrahepatic macrophages is identified as a potent mediator to trigger lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inducing lipogenesis-promoting gene expression. The transcriptome of intrahepatic macrophages from Ncoa5ΔM/+ male mice resembles that of obese human individuals. High PF4 expression correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients and increased infiltrations of M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in HCCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel mechanism for the onset of NAFLD/NASH and HCC initiated by NCOA5-deficient macrophages, suggesting the NCOA5-PF4 axis in macrophages as a potential target for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions against NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Zhang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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5
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Shi M, Zhang J, Li M, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Xu J, Liu R, Li Z, Ren D, Liu P. Liquiritigenin Confers Liver Protection by Enhancing NRF2 Signaling through Both Canonical and Non-canonical Signaling Pathways. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11324-11334. [PMID: 37534604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in drug-induced liver injury. In recent years, liquiritigenin (LQ), a natural flavonoid distributed in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao), shows protective effects against oxidative hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we mainly investigated the role of NRF2, a core transcription factor in oxidative stress, in LQ-induced hepatoprotection. Our results indicated that the function of LQ to eliminate reactive oxygen species in liver cells was dependent on NRF2 activation. Both a canonical signaling pathway and a non-canonical signaling pathway are involved in LQ-induced NRF2 activation. LQ induced NRF2 activation in a KEAP1-C151-dependent manner partially. Meanwhile, LQ led to the blockage of autophagic flux and upregulation of p62, which competitively bound with KEAP1 and conferred NRF2 activation in a KEAP1-C151-independent manner. Totally, our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism underlying the hepatoprotection of LQ, providing a new insight into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy of oxidative liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Shi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ying Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, China
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6
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Barreby E, Strunz B, Nock S, Naudet L, Shen JX, Johansson H, Sönnerborg I, Ma J, Urgard E, Pallett LJ, Hu Y, Fardellas A, Azzimato V, Vankova A, Levi L, Morgantini C, Maini MK, Stål P, Rosshart SP, Coquet JM, Nowak G, Näslund E, Lauschke VM, Ellis E, Björkström NK, Chen P, Aouadi M. Human resident liver myeloid cells protect against metabolic stress in obesity. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1188-1203. [PMID: 37414931 PMCID: PMC10365994 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple populations of macrophages have been described in the human liver, their function and turnover in patients with obesity at high risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis are currently unknown. Herein, we identify a specific human population of resident liver myeloid cells that protects against the metabolic impairment associated with obesity. By studying the turnover of liver myeloid cells in individuals undergoing liver transplantation, we find that liver myeloid cell turnover differs between humans and mice. Using single-cell techniques and flow cytometry, we determine that the proportion of the protective resident liver myeloid cells, denoted liver myeloid cells 2 (LM2), decreases during obesity. Functional validation approaches using human 2D and 3D cultures reveal that the presence of LM2 ameliorates the oxidative stress associated with obese conditions. Our study indicates that resident myeloid cells could be a therapeutic target to decrease the oxidative stress associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Strunz
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Nock
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Léa Naudet
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helene Johansson
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Isabella Sönnerborg
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egon Urgard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achilleas Fardellas
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Translational Hepatic Safety, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Vankova
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Nowak
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet (CLINTEC), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Goncalves BDS, Meadows A, Pereira DG, Puri R, Pillai SS. Insight into the Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Prognostic Role of Liver-Derived MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disease Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1597. [PMID: 37371692 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a wide array of metabolites, biomolecules, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and many of these secreted factors exert significant effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the involvement of liver-derived miRNAs in biological processes with an emphasis on delineating the communication between the liver and other tissues associated with metabolic disease progression. Furthermore, the review identifies the primary molecular targets by which miRNAs act. These consolidated findings from numerous studies provide insight into the underlying mechanism of various metabolic disease progression and suggest the possibility of using circulatory miRNAs as prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for improving clinical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Souza Goncalves
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Avery Meadows
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Duane G Pereira
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Raghav Puri
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Sneha S Pillai
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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8
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McCord JM, Gao B, Hybertson BM. The Complex Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathways: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020366. [PMID: 36829925 PMCID: PMC9952775 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a major transcription factor that significantly regulates-directly or indirectly-more than 2000 genes. While many of these genes are involved in maintaining redox balance, others are involved in maintaining balance among metabolic pathways that are seemingly unrelated to oxidative stress. In the past 25 years, the number of factors involved in the activation, nuclear translocation, and deactivation of Nrf2 has continued to expand. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the remarkable complexity of the tortuous sequence of stop-and-go signals that not only regulate expression or repression, but may also modify transcriptional intensity as well as the specificity of promoter recognition, allowing fluidity of its gene expression profile depending on the various structural modifications the transcription factor encounters on its journey to the DNA. At present, more than 45 control points have been identified, many of which represent sites of action of the so-called Nrf2 activators. The complexity of the pathway and the synergistic interplay among combinations of control points help to explain the potential advantages seen with phytochemical compositions that simultaneously target multiple control points, compared to the traditional pharmaceutical paradigm of "one-drug, one-target".
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M. McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooks M. Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Oxidative Stress Modulation by ncRNAs and Their Emerging Role as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020262. [PMID: 36829822 PMCID: PMC9952114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are pathologies related to ectopic fat accumulation, both of which are continuously increasing in prevalence. These threats are prompting researchers to develop effective therapies for their clinical management. One of the common pathophysiological alterations that underlies both diseases is oxidative stress (OxS), which appears as a result of lipid deposition in affected tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to OxS generation are different in each disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that do not encode proteins and function by regulating gene expression. In recent years, the involvement of ncRNAs in OxS modulation has become more recognized. This review summarizes the most recent advances regarding ncRNA-mediated regulation of OxS in atherosclerosis and NAFLD. In both diseases, ncRNAs can exert pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions by regulating gene targets and even other ncRNAs, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. Interestingly, both diseases have common altered ncRNAs, suggesting that the same molecule can be targeted simultaneously when both diseases coexist. Finally, since some ncRNAs have already been used as therapeutic agents, their roles as potential drugs for the clinical management of atherosclerosis and NAFLD are analyzed.
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10
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Xiao Z, Liu M, Yang F, Liu G, Liu J, Zhao W, Ma S, Duan Z. Programmed cell death and lipid metabolism of macrophages in NAFLD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118449. [PMID: 36742318 PMCID: PMC9889867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become the leading chronic liver disease worldwide with lifestyle changes. This may lead to NAFLD becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the future. To date, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for NAFLD. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of NAFLD can help to provide a basis for new therapeutic agents or strategies. As the most important immune cells of the liver, macrophages play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation and are expected to become effective targets for NAFLD treatment. Programmed cell death (PCD) of macrophages plays a regulatory role in phenotypic transformation, and there is also a certain connection between different types of PCD. However, how PCD regulates macrophage polarization has still not been systematically elucidated. Based on the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization, PCD may alter the phenotype by regulating lipid metabolism. We reviewed the effects of macrophages on inflammation in NAFLD and changes in their lipid metabolism, as well as the relationship between different types of PCD and lipid metabolism in macrophages. Furthermore, interactions between different types of PCD and potential therapeutic agents targeting of macrophages PCD are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Xiao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangkai Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suping Ma
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Suping Ma, ; Zhongping Duan,
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Gardenia fruit and Eucommia leaves combination improves hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia via pancreatic lipase and AMPK-PPARα and Keap-1-Nrf2-HO-1 regulation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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12
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Selective disruption of NRF2-KEAP1 interaction leads to NASH resolution and reduction of liver fibrosis in mice. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100651. [PMID: 36866391 PMCID: PMC9971056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Oxidative stress is recognized as a major driver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. The transcription factor NRF2 and its negative regulator KEAP1 are master regulators of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as detoxification, and thus appear to be attractive targets for the treatment of NASH. Methods Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography were used to design S217879 - a small molecule that could disrupt the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction. S217879 was highly characterized using various molecular and cellular assays. It was then evaluated in two different NASH-relevant preclinical models, namely the methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and diet-induced obesity NASH (DIO NASH) models. Results Molecular and cell-based assays confirmed that S217879 is a highly potent and selective NRF2 activator with marked anti-inflammatory properties, as shown in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In MCDD mice, S217879 treatment for 2 weeks led to a dose-dependent reduction in NAFLD activity score while significantly increasing liver Nqo1 mRNA levels, a specific NRF2 target engagement biomarker. In DIO NASH mice, S217879 treatment resulted in a significant improvement of established liver injury, with a clear reduction in both NAS and liver fibrosis. αSMA and Col1A1 staining, as well as quantification of liver hydroxyproline levels, confirmed the reduction in liver fibrosis in response to S217879. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed major alterations in the liver transcriptome in response to S217879, with activation of NRF2-dependent gene transcription and marked inhibition of key signaling pathways that drive disease progression. Conclusions These results highlight the potential of selective disruption of the NRF2-KEAP1 interaction for the treatment of NASH and liver fibrosis. Impact and implications We report the discovery of S217879 - a potent and selective NRF2 activator with good pharmacokinetic properties. By disrupting the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction, S217879 triggers the upregulation of the antioxidant response and the coordinated regulation of a wide spectrum of genes involved in NASH disease progression, leading ultimately to the reduction of both NASH and liver fibrosis progression in mice.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- HEC, hydroxyethyl cellulose
- HSCs, Hepatic Stellate Cells
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCDD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PSR, Picrosirius red
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- fibrosis
- hPBMCs, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- oxidative stress
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Shi H, Qiao F, Lu W, Huang K, Wen Y, Ye L, Chen Y. Baicalin improved hepatic injury of NASH by regulating NRF2/HO-1/NRLP3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xia Y, Zhai X, Qiu Y, Lu X, Jiao Y. The Nrf2 in Obesity: A Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102067. [PMID: 36290791 PMCID: PMC9598341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become serious global health concerns recently and increasing work has been carried out to explicate the underlying mechanism of the disease development. The recognized correlations suggest oxidative stress and inflammation in expanding adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as its associated metabolic syndromes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance strongly correlates with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been described as a key modulator of antioxidant signaling, which regulates the transcription of various genes coding antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a pivotal target of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. However, its effects are controversial and even contradictory. This review aims to clarify the complicated interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and chronic inflammation in obesity. Elucidating the implications of Nrf2 modulation on obesity would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic approaches in obesity and its comorbidities.
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15
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Lucena TLC, Batista KS, Pinheiro RO, Cavalcante HC, Gomes JADS, da Silva LA, Lins PP, Ferreira FS, Lima RF, Lima MDS, Aquino JDS. Nutritional Characterization, Antioxidant, and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Yellow Mombin ( Spondias mombin) Supplemented to Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193064. [PMID: 36230142 PMCID: PMC9563763 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing yellow mombin (YM) on the oxidative, somatic, and lipid parameters in rats fed a high-fat diet. A total of 24 adult Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: normal-fat diet (NF), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet with YM supplementation (HFYM). Diets were administered for four weeks, and YM (400 mg/kg) was supplemented via gavage in the last two weeks of the experiment. After the four-week period, the somatic, serum biochemical, and liver oxidative parameters were evaluated. YM has a high antioxidant activity and significant amounts of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamin C, dietary fibre, and minerals. The HFYM group had the lowest body weight (18.75%), body mass index (17.74%), and adiposity (31.63%) compared with the HF group. YM supplementation reduced low-density lipoprotein by 43.05% and increased high-density lipoprotein by 25.73%, but did not improve the triglyceride levels in the serum. YM treatment improved glucose tolerance and lipid peroxidation, and also enhanced the antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver. These results indicate the lipid-lowering property and potential antioxidant activity of YM against liver oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet intake, which may be associated with the bioactive compounds present in this fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Luiza Costa Lucena
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Pinheiro
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hassler Clementino Cavalcante
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jéssyca Alencar de Sousa Gomes
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Laiane Alves da Silva
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Paulo Lins
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Souza Ferreira
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Systems, Campus Pombal, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Pombal 58840-000, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcos dos Santos Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano (IF SertãoPE), Petrolina 56316-686, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory—LANEX, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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16
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MicroRNAs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Progress and perspectives. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101581. [PMID: 36028120 PMCID: PMC9464960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple hepatic steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is rapidly becoming a global health challenge, and there is a need for improved diagnostic- and prognostic tools and for effective pharmacotherapies to treat NASH. The molecular mechanisms of NAFLD development and progression remain incompletely understood, though ample evidence supports a role of microRNAs (miRNAs) - small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression - in the progression of metabolic liver disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarise the currently available liver miRNA profiling studies in people with various stages of NAFLD. We further describe the mechanistic role of three of the most extensively studied miRNA species, miR-34a, miR-122 and miR-21, and highlight selected findings on novel NAFLD-linked miRNAs. We also examine the literature on exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) as inter-hepatocellular or -organ messengers in NAFLD. Furthermore, we address the status for utilizing circulating NAFLD-associated miRNAs as minimally invasive tools for disease diagnosis, staging and prognosis as well as their potential use as NASH pharmacotherapeutic targets. Finally, we reflect on future directions for research in the miRNA field. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is associated with changes in hepatic miRNA expression patterns at early, intermediate and late stages, and specific miRNA species appear to be involved in steatosis development and NAFL progression to NASH and cirrhosis. These miRNAs act either within or between hepatocytes and other liver cell types such as hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells or as circulating inter-organ messengers carrying signals between the liver and extra-hepatic metabolic tissues, including the adipose tissues and the cardiovascular system. Among circulating miRNAs linked to NAFLD, miR-34a, miR-122 and miR-192 are the best candidates as biomarkers for NAFLD diagnosis and staging. To date, no miRNA-targeting pharmacotherapy has been approved for the treatment of NASH, and no such therapy is currently under clinical development. Further research should be conducted to translate the contribution of miRNAs in NAFLD into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Barreby E, Chen P, Aouadi M. Macrophage functional diversity in NAFLD - more than inflammation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:461-472. [PMID: 35534573 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have diverse phenotypes and functions due to differences in their origin, location and pathophysiological context. Although their main role in the liver has been described as immunoregulatory and detoxifying, changes in macrophage phenotypes, diversity, dynamics and function have been reported during obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD encompasses multiple disease states from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Obesity and insulin resistance are prominent risk factors for NASH, a disease with a high worldwide prevalence and no approved treatment. In this Review, we discuss the turnover and function of liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived hepatic macrophages. We examine these populations in both steady state and during NAFLD, with an emphasis on NASH. The explosion in high-throughput gene expression analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) within the last 5 years has revolutionized the study of macrophage heterogeneity, substantially increasing our understanding of the composition and diversity of tissue macrophages, including in the liver. Here, we highlight scRNA-seq findings from the last 5 years on the diversity of liver macrophages in homeostasis and metabolic disease, and reveal hepatic macrophage function beyond their classically described inflammatory role in the progression of NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chung HH. The Insightful Clarification of MicroRNA 144-Mediated Metabolic Dysfunction. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1783-1784. [PMID: 34998801 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hui Chung
- Preventive Medicine Program, Center for General Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy & Clinical Trial Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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20
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Azzimato V, Craige SM, Aouadi M. Reply. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1784-1785. [PMID: 35077756 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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21
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Cadamuro M, Lasagni A, Sarcognato S, Guido M, Fabris R, Strazzabosco M, Strain AJ, Simioni P, Villa E, Fabris L. The Neglected Role of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in NASH. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:34-47. [PMID: 34794182 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and affects 25% of the population in Western countries. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, linked to insulin resistance, which is the common pathogenetic mechanism. In approximately 40% of NAFLD patients, steatosis is associated with necro-inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe condition that may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the hepatocyte represents the main target of the disease, involvement of the bile ducts occurs in a subset of patients with NASH, and is characterized by ductular reaction and activation of the progenitor cell compartment, which incites portal fibrosis and disease progression. We aim to dissect the multiple biological effects that adipokines and metabolic alterations exert on cholangiocytes to derive novel information on the mechanisms driven by insulin resistance, which promote fibro-inflammation and carcinogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Lasagni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Division of Clinica Medica 3, Center for the Study and the Integrated Management of Obesity, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alastair J Strain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Wu D, Khan FA, Huo L, Sun F, Huang C. Alternative splicing and MicroRNA: epigenetic mystique in male reproduction. RNA Biol 2022; 19:162-175. [PMID: 35067179 PMCID: PMC8786336 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2024033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is rarely life threatening, however, it poses a serious global health issue posing far-reaching socio-economic impacts affecting 12–15% of couples worldwide where male factor accounts for 70%. Functional spermatogenesis which is the result of several concerted coordinated events to produce sperms is at the core of male fertility, Alternative splicing and microRNA (miRNA) mediated RNA silencing (RNAi) constitute two conserved post-transcriptional gene (re)programming machinery across species. The former by diversifying transcriptome signature and the latter by repressing target mRNA activity orchestrate a spectrum of testicular events, and their dysfunctions has several implications in male infertility. This review recapitulates the knowledge of these mechanistic events in regulation of spermatogenesis and testicular homoeostasis. In addition, miRNA payload in sperm, vulnerable to paternal inputs, including unhealthy diet, infection and trauma, creates epigenetic memory to initiate intergenerational phenotype. Naive zygote injection of sperm miRNAs from stressed father recapitulates phenotypes of offspring of stressed father. The epigenetic inheritance of paternal pathologies through miRNA could be a tantalizing avenue to better appreciate ‘Paternal Origins of Health and Disease’ and the power of tiny sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lijun Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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24
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Ma Y, Lee G, Heo SY, Roh YS. Oxidative Stress Is a Key Modulator in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010091. [PMID: 35052595 PMCID: PMC8772974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and scientific studies consistently report that NAFLD development can be accelerated by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can induce the progression of NAFLD to NASH by stimulating Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes. Therefore, studies are underway to identify the role of antioxidants in the treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we have summarized the origins of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, the relationship between ROS and NAFLD, and have discussed the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Gyurim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Su-Young Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.R.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.R.)
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25
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Azzimato V, Chen P, Barreby E, Morgantini C, Levi L, Vankova A, Jager J, Sulen A, Diotallevi M, Shen JX, Miller A, Ellis E, Rydén M, Näslund E, Thorell A, Lauschke VM, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ, Haschemi A, Craige SM, Mori M, Spallotta F, Aouadi M. Hepatic miR-144 Drives Fumarase Activity Preventing NRF2 Activation During Obesity. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1982-1997.e11. [PMID: 34425095 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity, including insulin resistance and the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have recently discovered that the microRNA miR-144 regulates protein levels of the master mediator of the antioxidant response, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). On miR-144 silencing, the expression of NRF2 target genes was significantly upregulated, suggesting that miR-144 controls NRF2 at the level of both protein expression and activity. Here we explored a mechanism whereby hepatic miR-144 inhibited NRF2 activity upon obesity via the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolite, fumarate, a potent activator of NRF2. METHODS We performed transcriptomic analysis in liver macrophages (LMs) of obese mice and identified the immuno-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) as a target of miR-144. IRG1 catalyzes the production of a TCA derivative, itaconate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). TCA enzyme activities and kinetics were analyzed after miR-144 silencing in obese mice and human liver organoids using single-cell activity assays in situ and molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Increased levels of miR-144 in obesity were associated with reduced expression of Irg1, which was restored on miR-144 silencing in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-144 overexpression reduces Irg1 expression and the production of itaconate in vitro. In alignment with the reduction in IRG1 levels and itaconate production, we observed an upregulation of SDH activity during obesity. Surprisingly, however, fumarate hydratase (FH) activity was also upregulated in obese livers, leading to the depletion of its substrate fumarate. miR-144 silencing selectively reduced the activities of both SDH and FH resulting in the accumulation of their related substrates succinate and fumarate. Moreover, molecular dynamics analyses revealed the potential role of itaconate as a competitive inhibitor of not only SDH but also FH. Combined, these results demonstrate that silencing of miR-144 inhibits the activity of NRF2 through decreased fumarate production in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Herein we unravel a novel mechanism whereby miR-144 inhibits NRF2 activity through the consumption of fumarate by activation of FH. Our study demonstrates that hepatic miR-144 triggers a hyperactive FH in the TCA cycle leading to an impaired antioxidant response in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ana Vankova
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team « Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes,» Côte d'Azur, France
| | - André Sulen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anne Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arvand Haschemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti," National Research Council (IASI - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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26
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Blériot C, Barreby E, Dunsmore G, Ballaire R, Chakarov S, Ficht X, De Simone G, Andreata F, Fumagalli V, Guo W, Wan G, Gessain G, Khalilnezhad A, Zhang XM, Ang N, Chen P, Morgantini C, Azzimato V, Kong WT, Liu Z, Pai R, Lum J, Shihui F, Low I, Xu C, Malleret B, Kairi MFM, Balachander A, Cexus O, Larbi A, Lee B, Newell EW, Ng LG, Phoo WW, Sobota RM, Sharma A, Howland SW, Chen J, Bajenoff M, Yvan-Charvet L, Venteclef N, Iannacone M, Aouadi M, Ginhoux F. A subset of Kupffer cells regulates metabolism through the expression of CD36. Immunity 2021; 54:2101-2116.e6. [PMID: 34469775 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages are immune cells whose phenotypes and functions are dictated by origin and niches. However, tissues are complex environments, and macrophage heterogeneity within the same organ has been overlooked so far. Here, we used high-dimensional approaches to characterize macrophage populations in the murine liver. We identified two distinct populations among embryonically derived Kupffer cells (KCs) sharing a core signature while differentially expressing numerous genes and proteins: a major CD206loESAM- population (KC1) and a minor CD206hiESAM+ population (KC2). KC2 expressed genes involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism both in steady-state and in diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Functional characterization by depletion of KC2 or targeted silencing of the fatty acid transporter Cd36 highlighted a crucial contribution of KC2 in the liver oxidative stress associated with obesity. In summary, our study reveals that KCs are more heterogeneous than anticipated, notably describing a subpopulation wired with metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blériot
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Inserm U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94800, France.
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | | | | | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Simone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Wei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guochen Wan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Gregoire Gessain
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao Meng Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rhea Pai
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Foo Shihui
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Connie Xu
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Faris Mohd Kairi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olivier Cexus
- Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wint Wint Phoo
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris 75006, France
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy; Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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27
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Kennedy L, Meadows V, Sybenga A, Demieville J, Chen L, Hargrove L, Ekser B, Dar W, Ceci L, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Pham L, Zhou T, Glaser S, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Promote Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Phenotypes and Microvesicular Steatosis in Mice Fed a Western Diet. Hepatology 2021; 74:164-182. [PMID: 33434322 PMCID: PMC9271361 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is simple steatosis but can develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver inflammation, fibrosis, and microvesicular steatosis. Mast cells (MCs) infiltrate the liver during cholestasis and promote ductular reaction (DR), biliary senescence, and liver fibrosis. We aimed to determine the effects of MC depletion during NAFLD/NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and KitW-sh (MC-deficient) mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks; select WT and KitW-sh WD mice received tail vein injections of MCs 2 times per week for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Human samples were collected from normal, NAFLD, or NASH mice. Cholangiocytes from WT WD mice and human NASH have increased insulin-like growth factor 1 expression that promotes MC migration/activation. Enhanced MC presence was noted in WT WD mice and human NASH, along with increased DR. WT WD mice had significantly increased steatosis, DR/biliary senescence, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and angiogenesis compared to WT CD mice, which was significantly reduced in KitW-sh WD mice. Loss of MCs prominently reduced microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. MC injection promoted WD-induced biliary and liver damage and specifically up-regulated microvesicular steatosis in zone 1 hepatocytes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3) expression is reduced in WT WD mice and human NASH but increased in KitW-sh WD mice. MicroRNA 144-3 prime (miR-144-3p) expression was increased in WT WD mice and human NASH but reduced in KitW-sh WD mice and was found to target ALDH1A3. CONCLUSIONS MCs promote WD-induced biliary and liver damage and may promote microvesicular steatosis development during NAFLD progression to NASH through miR-144-3p/ALDH1A3 signaling. Inhibition of MC activation may be a therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wasim Dar
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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28
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Zhou Y, Wu C, Wang X, Li P, Fan N, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhang W, Tang B. Exploring the Changes of Peroxisomal Polarity in the Liver of Mice with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9609-9620. [PMID: 34191493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-a) is a crucial nuclear transcription regulator of lipid metabolism, which is closely associated with the initiation and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because PPAR-a can directly decide the level of peroxisomal metabolic enzymes, its changes might directly cause variations in peroxisomal polarity. Therefore, we developed a new two-photon fluorescence imaging probe, PX-P, in which the triphenylamine and cyanide moieties can real-time sense peroxisomal polarity changes. Using PX-P, we observed a prominent decrease in the peroxisomal polarity in the liver of mice with NAFLD for the first time. More importantly, we discovered that intracellular excessive peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) underwent nitrification and oxidation, respectively, with various sites of PPAR-a. Interestingly, the key site of PPAR-a was nitrated by a low concentration of ONOO- rather than being oxidized by the high level of H2O2. These drastically reduced the activity of PPAR-a, accelerating the occurrence of NAFLD. Moreover, through activating PPARs with pioglitazone, peroxisomal polarity markedly increased compared with that of NAFLD. Altogether, our work presents a new approach for the early diagnosis of NAFLD and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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29
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Das D, Paul A, Lahiri A, Adak M, Maity SK, Sarkar A, Paul S, Chakrabarti P. Proteasome dysfunction under compromised redox metabolism dictates liver injury in NASH through ASK1/PPARγ binodal complementary modules. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102043. [PMID: 34144391 PMCID: PMC8220246 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of hepatotoxicity following acute drug-induced proteasomal inhibition and development of chronic proteasome dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance underscores the crucial importance of hepatic protein homeostasis albeit with an elusive molecular basis and therapeutic opportunities. Apart from lipotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, herein we report that hepatocytes are highly susceptible to proteasome-associated metabolic stress attune to altered redox homeostasis. Bortezomib-induced proteasomal inhibition caused severe hepatocellular injury independent of ER stress via proapoptotic Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1)- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1)- p38 signaling concomitant with inadequate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) -driven antioxidant response. Although inhibition of ASK1 rescued acute hepatotoxicity, hepatic depletion of PPARγ or its physiological activator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) further aggravated liver injury even under ASK1 inhibition, emphasizing that endogenous PPARγ driven antioxidant activity serves as a prerequisite for the favorable therapeutic outcome of ASK1 inhibition. Consequently, ASK1 inhibitor selonsertib and PPARγ agonist pioglitazone in pharmacological synergism ameliorated bortezomib-induced hepatotoxicity and significantly prolonged survival duration in mice. Moreover, we showed that proteasome dysfunction is associated with ASK1 activation and insufficient PPARγ/Nrf2-driven antioxidative response in a subset of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and the preclinical NASH model. The latter remains highly responsive to the drug combination marked by revamped proteasomal activity and alleviated hallmarks of NASH such as steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular death. We thus uncovered a pharmacologically amenable interdependent binodal molecular circuit underlying hepatic proteasomal dysfunction and associated oxidative injury. Acute proteasomal inhibition causes severe hepatocellular injury independent of ER stress. Proteasome dysfunction dictates metabolic stress and liver injury in NASH. ASK1 activation steers proteotoxic hepatocellular death under compromised PPARγ activity. Selonsertib and pioglitazone combination therapy prolong survival in proteotoxic hepatic failure. Combination therapy revamped proteasome activity and mitigate liver injury in NASH preclinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Avishek Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhishake Lahiri
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Adak
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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30
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Huang B, Xiong X, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang Y, Gong X, Sang Q, Lu Y, Qu H, Zheng H, Zheng Y. PSA controls hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the NRF2 signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:527-539. [PMID: 34048566 PMCID: PMC8530519 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of proteinase is reported to correlate with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA/NPEPPS) is an integral nontransmembrane enzyme that functions to catalyze the cleavage of amino acids near the N-terminus of polypeptides. A previous study suggested that this enzyme acts as a regulator of neuropeptide activity; however, the metabolic function of this enzyme in the liver has not been explored. Here, we identified the novel role of PSA in hepatic lipid metabolism. Specifically, PSA expression was lower in fatty livers from NAFLD patients and mice (HFD, ob/ob, and db/db). PSA knockdown in cultured hepatocytes exacerbated diet-induced triglyceride accumulation through enhanced lipogenesis and attenuated fatty acid β-oxidation. Moreover, PSA mediated activation of the master regulator of antioxidant response, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), by stabilizing NRF2 protein expression, which further induced downstream antioxidant enzymes to protect the liver from oxidative stress and lipid overload. Accordingly, liver-specific PSA overexpression attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, in human liver tissue samples, decreased PSA expression correlated with the progression of NAFLD. Overall, our findings suggest that PSA is a pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and its antioxidant function occurs by suppressing NRF2 ubiquitination. Moreover, PSA may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangliang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Wang P, Ni M, Tian Y, Wang H, Qiu J, You W, Wei S, Shi Y, Zhou J, Cheng F, Rao J, Lu L. Myeloid Nrf2 deficiency aggravates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating YAP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. iScience 2021; 24:102427. [PMID: 34041450 PMCID: PMC8141901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in the pathogenesis of different liver diseases. Herein, we first demonstrated that Nrf2 expression was diminished in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver macrophages. In myeloid Nrf2-deficiency mice, aggravated liver steatosis and inflammation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice were observed compared with the chow-diet group. Moreover, the increasing inflammatory cytokines influenced the lipid metabolism in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Further study showed Nrf2 regulated reactive-oxygen-species-mediated Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling, which in turn modulated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Administration of YAP activator also significantly ablated the lipid accumulation and inhibited the NLRP3 activation in the Nrf2 deletion condition both in vitro and vivo. Overexpression Nrf2 in liver macrophages effectively alleviated steatohepatitis in wild-type mice fed with an HFD . Our data support that by modulating YAP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activity, macrophage Nrf2 slows down NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhu Tian
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua You
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, China
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32
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Metformin Actions on the Liver: Protection Mechanisms Emerging in Hepatocytes and Immune Cells against NASH-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095016. [PMID: 34065108 PMCID: PMC8126028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to the global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, NAFLD can progress from the mildest form of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that increases the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis and rising incidence in the United States and other developed counties, possibly due to the epidemic of NAFLD. Metformin, the first-line drug for T2DM, has been suggested to reduce risks for several types of cancers including HCC and protect against NASH-related HCC, as revealed by epidemical studies on humans and preclinical studies on animal models. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of NASH-related HCC and the mechanisms by which metformin inhibits the initiation and progression of NASH-related HCC. Since the functional role of immune cells in liver homeostasis and pathogenesis is increasingly appreciated in developing anti-cancer therapies on liver malignancies, we discuss both the traditional targets of metformin in hepatocytes and the recently defined effects of metformin on immune cells.
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33
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Ingelman-Sundberg M, Lauschke VM. 3D human liver spheroids for translational pharmacology and toxicology. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130 Suppl 1:5-15. [PMID: 33872466 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is a failure-prone endeavour, and more than 85% of drugs fail during clinical development, showcasing that current preclinical systems for compound selection are clearly inadequate. Liver toxicity remains a major reason for safety failures. Furthermore, all efforts to develop pharmacological therapies for a variety of chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, remain unsuccessful. Considering the time and expense of clinical trials, as well as the substantial burden on patients, new strategies are thus of paramount importance to increase clinical success rates. To this end, human liver spheroids are becoming increasingly utilized as they allow to preserve patient-specific phenotypes and functions for multiple weeks in culture. We here review the recent application of such systems for i) predictive and mechanistic analyses of drug hepatotoxicity, ii) the evaluation of hepatic disposition and metabolite formation of low clearance drugs and iii) the development of drugs for metabolic and infectious liver diseases, including NASH, fibrosis, malaria and viral hepatitis. We envision that with increasing dissemination, liver spheroids might become the new gold standard for such applications in translational pharmacology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ribeiro M, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Chermut TR, Sequeira J, de Souza Gouveia Moreira L, Teixeira KTR, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. From the distinctive smell to therapeutic effects: Garlic for cardiovascular, hepatic, gut, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4807-4819. [PMID: 34147285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic, a member of the Allium family, widely used in cooking for many centuries, displays well described antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as a result of its constituent organosulfur compounds, such as alliin, allicin, ajoene S-allyl-cysteine, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide, among others. Although garlic has demonstrated beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, its efficacy as a therapeutic intervention in chronic kidney disease remains to be proven. This review thus focuses on the potential benefits of garlic as a treatment option in chronic kidney disease. and its ability to mitigate associated cardiovascular complications and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tuany R Chermut
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana Sequeira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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35
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Yu W, Huang J, Lin M, Wei G, Yang F, Tang Z, Zeng F, Wu S. Fluorophore-Dapagliflozin Dyad for Detecting Diabetic Liver/Kidney Damages via Fluorescent Imaging and Treating Diabetes via Inhibiting SGLT2. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4647-4656. [PMID: 33660982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes is a prevalent disease; if left untreated, it could cause serious complications including liver and kidney damages. Hence, early diagnosis for these damages and effective treatment of diabetes are of high importance. Herein, a fluorophore-dapagliflozin dyad (DX-B-DA) has been developed as a theranostic system that can be triggered by intrahepatic/intrarenal reactive oxygen species (ROS) to concomitantly release a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (DX) and a SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DA). In this dyad (DX-B-DA), the NIR fluorophore (DX) and the drug DA were covalently linked through a boronate ester bond which serves as the fluorescence quencher as well as the ROS-responsive moiety that can be cleaved by pathological levels of ROS in diabetics. The in vitro experiments indicate that, in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, the dyad is weakly emissive and keeps its drug moiety in an inactive state, while upon responding to hydrogen peroxide, the dyad simultaneously releases the NIR dye and the drug DA, suggesting that it can serve as an activatable probe for detecting and imaging diabetic liver/kidney damages as well as a prodrug for diabetes treatment upon being triggered by ROS. The dyad was then injected in mouse model of type II diabetes, and it is found that the dyad can not only offer visualized diagnosis for diabetes-induced liver/kidney damages but also exhibit high efficacy in treating type II diabetes and consequently ameliorating diabetic liver/kidney damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guimei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Sangineto M, Bukke VN, Bellanti F, Tamborra R, Moola A, Duda L, Villani R, Romano AD, Serviddio G. A Novel Nutraceuticals Mixture Improves Liver Steatosis by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a NAFLD Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020652. [PMID: 33671262 PMCID: PMC7923152 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease globally, and represents a health care burden as treatment options are very scarce. The reason behind the NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not completely understood. Recently, the deficiency of micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals, and other elements) has been suggested as crucial in NAFLD progression, such that recent studies reported the potential hepatic antioxidant properties of micronutrients supplementation. However, very little is known. Here we have explored the potential beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with FLINAX, a novel mixture of nutraceuticals (i.e., vitamin E, vitamin D3, olive dry-extract, cinnamon dry-extract and fish oil) in a NAFLD model characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial function impairment. Steatosis was firstly induced in Wistar rats by feeding with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, and following this the rats were divided into two groups. One group (n = 8) was treated for 2 weeks with a normal chow-diet, while a second group (n = 8) was fed with a chow-diet supplemented with 2% FLINAX. Along with the entire experiment (6 weeks), a third group of rats was fed with a chow-diet only as control. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's T test or one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test when appropriate. Steatosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) complexes activity were analyzed in liver tissues. The dietary supplementation with FLINAX significantly improved hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation compared to untreated rats. The mRNA and protein levels analysis showed that CPT1A and CPT2 were up-regulated by FLINAX, suggesting the enhancement of fatty acids oxidation (FAO). Important lipoperoxidation markers (i.e., HNE- and MDA-protein adducts) and the quantity of total mitochondrial oxidized proteins were significantly lower in FLINAX-treated rats. Intriguingly, FLINAX restored the mitochondrial function, stimulating the activity of mitochondrial RC complexes (i.e., I, II, III and ATP-synthase) and counteracting the peroxide production from pyruvate/malate (complex I) and succinate (complex II). Therefore, the supplementation with FLINAX reprogrammed the cellular energy homeostasis by restoring the efficiency of mitochondrial function, with a consequent improvement in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Tamborra
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Loren Duda
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Antonino Davide Romano
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-736007
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Bart VMT, Pickering RJ, Taylor PR, Ipseiz N. Macrophage reprogramming for therapy. Immunology 2021; 163:128-144. [PMID: 33368269 PMCID: PMC8114216 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune system underlies a plethora of human diseases, requiring the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention. To date, most strategies employed have been focusing on the modification of T lymphocytes, and although remarkable improvement has been obtained, results often fall short of the intended outcome. Recent cutting-edge technologies have highlighted macrophages as potential targets for disease control. Macrophages play central roles in development, homeostasis and host defence, and their dysfunction and dysregulation have been implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of multiple disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases. Recent advancements have led to a greater understanding of macrophage origin, diversity and function, in both health and disease. Over the last few years, a variety of strategies targeting macrophages have been developed and these open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we review the progress in macrophage reprogramming in various disorders and discuss the potential implications and challenges for macrophage-targeted approaches in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Pickering
- Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Immunity as Cornerstone of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress in the Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010436. [PMID: 33406763 PMCID: PMC7795122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the major cause of chronic liver disease, especially in western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic histological alterations, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis with a potential development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Several studies reported that insulin resistance, redox unbalance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism dysregulation are involved in NAFLD progression. However, the mechanisms beyond the evolution of simple steatosis to NASH are not clearly understood yet. Recent findings suggest that different oxidized products, such as lipids, cholesterol, aldehydes and other macromolecules could drive the inflammation onset. On the other hand, new evidence indicates innate and adaptive immunity activation as the driving force in establishing liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we discuss how immunity, triggered by oxidative products and promoting in turn oxidative stress in a vicious cycle, fuels NAFLD progression. Furthermore, we explored the emerging importance of immune cell metabolism in determining inflammation, describing the potential application of trained immune discoveries in the NASH pathological context.
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Li S, Eguchi N, Lau H, Ichii H. The Role of the Nrf2 Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186973. [PMID: 32971975 PMCID: PMC7555440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has globally become an increasingly prevalent disease. Extensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the development of obesity. In particular, the close association of inflammation and oxidative stress with obesity has become increasingly evident. Obesity has been shown to exhibit augmented levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, which have been associated with the activation of pathways linked with inflammation-induced insulin resistance, a major pathological component of obesity and several other metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress, in addition to its role in stimulating adipose differentiation, which directly triggers obesity, is considered to feed into this pathway, further aggravating insulin resistance. Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is activated in response to inflammation and oxidative stress, and responds by increasing antioxidant transcription levels. Therefore, Nrf2 has emerged as a critical new target for combating insulin resistance and subsequently, obesity. However, the effects of Nrf2 on insulin resistance and obesity are controversial. This review focuses on the current state of research on the interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity, the role of the Nrf2 pathway in obesity and insulin resistance, and the potential use of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Li
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
| | | | | | - Hirohito Ichii
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
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Sulen A, Islam S, Wolff ASB, Oftedal BE. The prospects of single-cell analysis in autoimmunity. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12964. [PMID: 32869859 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a tremendous development of technologies focused on analysing various molecular attributes in single cells, with an ever-increasing number of parameters becoming available at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Much of this progress has involved cells in suspension, but also in situ analysis of tissues has taken great leaps. Paralleling the development in the laboratory, and because of increasing complexity, the analysis of single-cell data is also constantly being updated with new algorithms and analysis platforms. Our immune system shares this complexity, and immunologists have therefore been in the forefront of this technological development. These technologies clearly open new avenues for immunology research, maybe particularly within autoimmunity where the interaction between the faulty immune system and the thymus or the target organ is important. However, the technologies currently available can seem overwhelming and daunting. The aim of this review is to remedy this by giving a balanced overview of the prospects of using single-cell analysis in basal and clinical autoimmunity research, with an emphasis on endocrine autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Sulen
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shahinul Islam
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bergithe E Oftedal
- KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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