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Zhang S, Yu Q, Li Z, Zhao Y, Sun Y. Protein neddylation and its role in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:85. [PMID: 38575611 PMCID: PMC10995212 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
NEDD8 (Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is an ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a lysine residue of a protein substrate through a process known as neddylation, catalyzed by the enzyme cascade, namely NEDD8 activating enzyme (E1), NEDD8 conjugating enzyme (E2), and NEDD8 ligase (E3). The substrates of neddylation are categorized into cullins and non-cullin proteins. Neddylation of cullins activates CRLs (cullin RING ligases), the largest family of E3 ligases, whereas neddylation of non-cullin substrates alters their stability and activity, as well as subcellular localization. Significantly, the neddylation pathway and/or many neddylation substrates are abnormally activated or over-expressed in various human diseases, such as metabolic disorders, liver dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers, among others. Thus, targeting neddylation becomes an attractive strategy for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we first provide a general introduction on the neddylation cascade, its biochemical process and regulation, and the crystal structures of neddylation enzymes in complex with cullin substrates; then discuss how neddylation governs various key biological processes via the modification of cullins and non-cullin substrates. We further review the literature data on dysregulated neddylation in several human diseases, particularly cancer, followed by an outline of current efforts in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of neddylation as a promising therapeutic approach. Finally, few perspectives were proposed for extensive future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Fu DJ, Wang T. Targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme for cancer therapy: developments, clinical trials, challenges and future research directions. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 37525282 PMCID: PMC10388525 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NEDDylation, a post-translational modification through three-step enzymatic cascades, plays crucial roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) as the only activation enzyme in the NEDDylation modification has become an attractive target to develop anticancer drugs. To date, numerous inhibitors or agonists targeting NAE have been developed. Among them, covalent NAE inhibitors such as MLN4924 and TAS4464 currently entered into clinical trials for cancer therapy, particularly for hematological tumors. This review explains the relationships between NEDDylation and cancers, structural characteristics of NAE and multistep mechanisms of NEDD8 activation by NAE. In addition, the potential approaches to discover NAE inhibitors and detailed pharmacological mechanisms of NAE inhibitors in the clinical stage are explored in depth. Importantly, we reasonably investigate the challenges of NAE inhibitors for cancer therapy and possible development directions of NAE-targeting drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Yao J, Liang X, Liu Y, Zheng M. Neddylation: A Versatile Pathway Takes on Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:586881. [PMID: 33195347 PMCID: PMC7604315 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.586881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation is a ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification that conjugates neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-8 (Nedd8) to specific substrates for regulation of protein activity. In light of current researches, the neddylation pathway is aberrant in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In our review, we summarize the versatile roles of neddylation in chronic liver diseases (CLDs). CLDs are one of the leading causes of chronic disease-associated deaths worldwide. There are diverse etiologic agents causing CLDs, mainly including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic exposure to alcohol or drugs, and autoimmune causes. So far, however, there remains a paucity of effective therapeutic approach to CLDs. In this review, we summarized the role of the neddylation pathway which runs through the chronic hepatitis B/NAFLD-liver fibrosis-cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) axis, a canonical pattern in the process of CLD development and progression. The dysregulation of neddylation may provide a better understanding of CLD pathology and even a novel therapeutic strategy. Correspondingly, inhibiting neddylation via MLN4924, a small molecule compound targeting NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), can potently alleviate CLD progression and improve the outcome. On this basis, profiling and characterization of the neddylation pathway can provide new insights into the CLD pathology as well as novel therapeutic strategies, independently of the etiology of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Yao
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pérez Berrocal DA, Witting KF, Ovaa H, Mulder MPC. Hybrid Chains: A Collaboration of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers Introducing Cross-Functionality to the Ubiquitin Code. Front Chem 2020; 7:931. [PMID: 32039151 PMCID: PMC6987259 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin CODE constitutes a unique post-translational modification language relying on the covalent attachment of Ubiquitin (Ub) to substrates, with Ub serving as the minimum entity to generate a message that is translated into different cellular pathways. The creation of this message is brought about by the dedicated action of writers, erasers, and readers of the Ubiquitin CODE. This CODE is greatly expanded through the generation of polyUb chains of different architectures on substrates thus regulating their fate. Through additional post-translational modification by Ub-like proteins (UbL), hybrid Ub/UbL chains, which either alter the originally encrypted message or encode a completely new one, are formed. Hybrid Ub/UbL chains are generated under both stress or physiological conditions and seem to confer improved specificity and affinity toward their cognate receptors. In such a manner, their formation must play a specific, yet still undefined role in cellular signaling and thus understanding the UbCODE message is crucial. Here, we discuss the evidence for the existence of hybrid Ub/UbL chains in addition to the current understanding of its biology. The modification of Ub by another UbL complicates the deciphering of the spatial and temporal order of events warranting the development of a hybrid chain toolbox. We discuss this unmet need and expand upon the creation of tailored tools adapted from our previously established toolkit for the Ubiquitin Proteasome System to specifically target these hybrid Ub/UbL chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Pérez Berrocal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Witting
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Monique P C Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
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Stintzing S, Zhang W, Heinemann V, Neureiter D, Kemmerling R, Kirchner T, Jung A, Folwaczny M, Yang D, Ning Y, Sebio A, Stremitzer S, Sunakawa Y, Matsusaka S, Yamauchi S, Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Falcone A, Lenz HJ. Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in EGFR Turnover Are Predictive for Cetuximab Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206335 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane receptors, such as the EGFR, are regulated by their turnover, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We tested in two independent study cohorts whether SNPs in genes involved in EGFR turnover predict clinical outcome in cetuximab-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The following SNPs involved in EGFR degradation were analyzed in a screening cohort of 108 patients treated with cetuximab in the chemorefractory setting: c-CBL (rs7105971; rs4938637; rs4938638; rs251837), EPS15 (rs17567; rs7308; rs1065754), NAE1 (rs363169; rs363170; rs363172), SH3KBP1 (rs7051590; rs5955820; rs1017874; rs11795873), SGIP1 (rs604737; rs6570808; rs7526812), UBE2M (rs895364; rs895374), and UBE2L3 (rs5754216). SNPs showing an association with response or survival were analyzed in BRAF and RAS wild-type samples from the FIRE-3 study. One hundred and fifty-three FOLFIRI plus cetuximab-treated patients served as validation set, and 168 patients of the FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab arm served as controls. EGFR FISH was done in 138 samples to test whether significant SNPs were associated with EGFR expression. UBE2M rs895374 was significantly associated with progression-free survival (log-rank P = 0.005; HR, 0.60) within cetuximab-treated patients. No association with bevacizumab-treated patients (n = 168) could be established (P = 0.56; HR, 0.90). rs895374 genotype did not affect EGFR FISH measurements. EGFR recycling is an interesting mechanism of secondary resistance to cetuximab in mCRC. This is the first report suggesting that germline polymorphisms in the degradation process predict efficacy of cetuximab in patients with mCRC. Genes involved in EGFR turnover may be new targets in the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stintzing
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California. Department for Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Wu Zhang
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department for Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ralf Kemmerling
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria. Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Trier, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Ning
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana Sebio
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Stremitzer
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Sunakawa
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shinichi Yamauchi
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California. Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2-Aziendo Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2-Aziendo Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- U.O. Oncologia Medica 2-Aziendo Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Sharon Carpenter Laboatory, Los Angeles, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Liu Q, Zhou H, Langdon WY, Zhang J. E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1875-84. [PMID: 24875217 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b (Cbl-b), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in establishing the threshold for T-cell activation and controlling peripheral T-cell tolerance via multiple mechanisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that Cbl-b also regulates innate immune responses and plays an important role in host defense to pathogens. Understanding the signaling pathways regulated by Cbl-b in innate and adaptive immune cells is therefore essential for efficient manipulation of Cbl-b in emerging immunotherapies for human disorders such as autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation, infections, and cancer. In this article, we review the latest developments in the molecular structural basis of Cbl-b function, the regulation of Cbl-b expression, the signaling mechanisms of Cbl-b in immune cells, as well as the biological function of Cbl-b in physiological and pathological immune responses in animal models and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Laboratory of Immunohematology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; Beijing, PR China; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunohematology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; Beijing, PR China
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Western Australia; Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH USA
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Stintzing S, Lenz HJ. Protein kinase inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer. Let's pick patients, tumors, and kinase inhibitors to piece the puzzle together! Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:2203-20. [PMID: 23941461 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.828694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased understanding in intracellular signaling pathways leading to carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells has been critical for target identification and drug development. Specific protein kinase inhibitors (KIs) have been developed to block activated pathways associated with tumor growth and progression. Although showing promising activity in preclinical models, until now, the majority of KIs were not able to demonstrate clinically meaningful efficacy in Phase II/III trials. AREAS COVERED The major pathways altered in colorectal cancer will be highlighted, and molecularly defined targets will be discussed. The mechanisms of action and the proof of principle demonstrated in preclinical models of KIs and the disappointing efficacy in clinical trials will be reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Despite recent negative study results, KIs have the potential to be the next class of therapeutics in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Molecular classification of the individual tumors and identification of molecular escape mechanisms for primary (intrinsic) and secondary resistances to KI treatment is critical to select the patients' most likely to benefit. Appropriate drug combinations based on those mechanisms of resistance have to be tested in selected patient populations to ensure progress and efficacy with the goal to lead to a clinically meaningful prolongation of patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stintzing
- Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sharon Carpenter Laboratory , 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 3456, Los Angeles, CA 90033 , USA
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Vlachostergios PJ, Voutsadakis IA, Papandreou CN. The role of ubiquitin-proteasome system in glioma survival and growth. Growth Factors 2013; 31:106-13. [PMID: 23688106 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.799156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas represent a group of aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis due to an inherent capacity of persistent cell growth and survival. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular machinery responsible for protein turnover. Emerging evidence implicates various proteins targeted for degradation by the UPS in key survival and proliferation signaling pathways of these tumors. In this review, we discuss the involvement of UPS in the regulation of several mediators and effectors of these pathways in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
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Leidecker O, Matic I, Mahata B, Pion E, Xirodimas DP. The ubiquitin E1 enzyme Ube1 mediates NEDD8 activation under diverse stress conditions. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1142-50. [PMID: 22370482 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.6.19559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules is involved in the regulation of almost every biological process. Historically, each conjugation pathway has its unique set of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that lead to activation and conjugation of their cognate molecules. Here, we present the unexpected finding that under stress conditions, the ubiquitin E1 enzyme Ube1 mediates conjugation of the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8. Inhibition of the 26S proteasome, heat shock and oxidative stress cause a global increase in NEDDylation. Surprisingly, this does not depend on the NEDD8 E1-activating enzyme, but rather on Ube1. A common event in the tested stress conditions is the depletion of "free" ubiquitin. A decrease in "free" ubiquitin levels in the absence of additional stress is sufficient to stimulate NEDDylation through Ube1. Further analysis on the NEDD8 proteome shows that the modified NEDDylated proteins are simultaneously ubiquitinated. Mass spectrometry on the complex proteome under stress reveals the existence of mixed chains between NEDD8 and ubiquitin. We further show that NEDDylation of the p53 tumor suppressor upon stress is mediated mainly through Ube1. Our studies reveal an unprecedented interplay between NEDD8 and ubiquitin pathways operating in diverse cellular stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Leidecker
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Montpellier, France
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Dikic I, Schmidt MHH. Malfunctions within the Cbl interactome uncouple receptor tyrosine kinases from destructive transport. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:505-12. [PMID: 17553592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Cbl family are adaptor molecules and ubiquitin ligases with major functions in the regulation, intracellular transport and degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Due to this central role, mutations that cause malfunctions of Cbl or their associated proteins - termed the Cbl interactome - easily lead to the transformation of affected cells and eventually the development of cancer. This review intends to give an overview on the mechanisms of Cbl-mediated cell transformation in light of the dysregulated intracellular trafficking of RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kirkin V, Dikic I. Role of ubiquitin- and Ubl-binding proteins in cell signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2007; 19:199-205. [PMID: 17303403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Besides tagging proteins for degradation, ubiquitin is now recognized as a signaling module for diverse cellular processes, including progression through the cell cycle, DNA repair, gene transcription, receptor trafficking and endocytosis. Recent advances have indicated the existence of a wide variety of ubiquitin-binding proteins that, upon recognition of conjugated ubiquitin moieties, can control assembly of complex signaling networks. Small ubiquitin-like proteins, like SUMO, emerge to play biological roles distinct from ubiquitin, and require specific recognition by a dedicated set of proteins. Identification and characterization of recognition motifs and domains for ubiquitin-like proteins have just begun, promising new insights into the diversity of functions ubiquitin family proteins have in physiological and pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kirkin
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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