1
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Ramirez DM, Dhiman S, Mukherjee A, Wimalasekara R, Schweizer F. Application of tobramycin benzyl ether as an antibiotic adjuvant capable of sensitizing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to rifampicin. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1055-1065. [PMID: 38516601 PMCID: PMC10953491 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of aminoglycoside resistance has prompted the development of amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivatives which target bacterial membranes. Tobramycin and nebramine ether derivatives initially designed for this purpose were optimized and screened for their potential application as outer membrane (OM) permeabilizing adjuvants. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the tobramycin benzyl ether was the most optimal OM permeabilizer, capable of potentiating rifampicin, novobiocin, vancomycin, minocycline, and doxycycline against Gram-negative bacteria. The innovative use of this compound as an adjuvant is highlighted by its ability to sensitize multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria to rifampicin and restore the susceptibility of MDR Escherichia coli to minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ruwani Wimalasekara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
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2
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Mehta D, Saini V, Bajaj A. Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1603-1628. [PMID: 37731690 PMCID: PMC10507810 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause severe and life-threatening complications especially in immunocompromised individuals. Antifungals targeting cellular machinery and cell membranes including azoles are used in clinical practice to manage topical to systemic fungal infections. However, continuous exposure to clinically used antifungal agents in managing the fungal infections results in the development of multi-drug resistance via adapting different kinds of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The unique chemical composition of fungal membranes presents attractive targets for antifungal drug discovery as it is difficult for fungal cells to modify the membrane targets for emergence of drug resistance. Here, we discussed available antifungal drugs with their detailed mechanism of action and described different antifungal resistance mechanisms. We further emphasized structure-activity relationship studies of membrane-targeting antifungal agents, and classified membrane-targeting antifungal agents on the basis of their core scaffold with detailed pharmacological properties. This review aims to pique the interest of potential researchers who could explore this interesting and intricate fungal realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Mehta
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Varsha Saini
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
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3
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Thamban Chandrika N, Green KD, Spencer AC, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Discovery and development of novel substituted monohydrazides as potent antifungal agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1351-1361. [PMID: 37484566 PMCID: PMC10357949 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel substituted monohydrazides synthesized for this study displayed broad-spectrum activity against various fungal strains, including a panel of clinically relevant Candida auris strains. The activity of these compounds was either comparable or superior to amphotericin B against most of the fungal strains tested. These compounds possessed fungistatic activity in a time-kill assay and exhibited no mammalian cell toxicity. In addition, they prevented the formation of fungal biofilms. Even after repeated exposures, the Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (strain A) fungal strain did not develop resistance to these monohydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Abbygail C Spencer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
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4
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Travis S, Green KD, Thamban Chandrika N, Pang AH, Frantom PA, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Thompson MK. Identification and analysis of small molecule inhibitors of FosB from Staphylococcus aureus. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:947-956. [PMID: 37252104 PMCID: PMC10211316 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human health around the world. Though bacterial pathogens can develop resistance through a variety of mechanisms, one of the most prevalent is the production of antibiotic-modifying enzymes like FosB, a Mn2+-dependent l-cysteine or bacillithiol (BSH) transferase that inactivates the antibiotic fosfomycin. FosB enzymes are found in pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, one of the leading pathogens in deaths associated with AMR. fosB gene knockout experiments establish FosB as an attractive drug target, showing that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fosfomycin is greatly reduced upon removal of the enzyme. Herein, we have identified eight potential inhibitors of the FosB enzyme from S. aureus by applying high-throughput in silico screening of the ZINC15 database with structural similarity to phosphonoformate, a known FosB inhibitor. In addition, we have obtained crystal structures of FosB complexes to each compound. Furthermore, we have kinetically characterized the compounds with respect to inhibition of FosB. Finally, we have performed synergy assays to determine if any of the new compounds lower the MIC of fosfomycin in S. aureus. Our results will inform future studies on inhibitor design for the FosB enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Travis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Allan H Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Patrick A Frantom
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Matthew K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama Box 870336, 250 Hackberry Lane Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA +(205) 348 8439
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5
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Abeydeera N, Benin BM, Mudarmah K, Pant BD, Chen G, Shin WS, Kim MH, Huang SD. Harnessing the Dual Antimicrobial Mechanism of Action with Fe(8-Hydroxyquinoline) 3 to Develop a Topical Ointment for Mupirocin-Resistant MRSA Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050886. [PMID: 37237789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-hq) exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteria with MIC = 16.0-32.0 µM owing to its ability to chelate metal ions such as Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ to disrupt metal homeostasis in bacterial cells. We demonstrate that Fe(8-hq)3, the 1:3 complex formed between Fe(III) and 8-hq, can readily transport Fe(III) across the bacterial cell membrane and deliver iron into the bacterial cell, thus, harnessing a dual antimicrobial mechanism of action that combines the bactericidal activity of iron with the metal chelating effect of 8-hq to kill bacteria. As a result, the antimicrobial potency of Fe(8-hq)3 is significantly enhanced in comparison with 8-hq. Resistance development by SA toward Fe(8-hq)3 is considerably delayed as compared with ciprofloxacin and 8-hq. Fe(8-hq)3 can also overcome the 8-hq and mupirocin resistance developed in the SA mutant and MRSA mutant bacteria, respectively. Fe(8-hq)3 can stimulate M1-like macrophage polarization of RAW 264.7 cells to kill the SA internalized in such macrophages. Fe(8-hq)3 exhibits a synergistic effect with both ciprofloxacin and imipenem, showing potential for combination therapies with topical and systemic antibiotics for more serious MRSA infections. The in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of a 2% Fe(8-hq)3 topical ointment is confirmed by the use of a murine model with skin wound infection by bioluminescent SA with a reduction of the bacterial burden by 99 ± 0.5%, indicating that this non-antibiotic iron complex has therapeutic potential for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Abeydeera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Bogdan M Benin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Khalil Mudarmah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bishnu D Pant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Woo Shik Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Songping D Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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6
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Shi M, Xu Y, Li S, Wang L, Gu J, Zhang YX. The Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Encapsulating Tobramycin-Loaded Gelatine Microspheres as an Antibacterial System. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030219. [PMID: 36975668 PMCID: PMC10048335 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection contributes to the bioburden of wounds, which is an essential factor in determining whether a wound can heal. Wound dressings with antibacterial properties that can promote wound-healing are highly desired for the treatment of chronic wound infections. Herein, we fabricated a simple polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressing encapsulating tobramycin-loaded gelatine microspheres with good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. We first synthesised long-chain quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) by the reaction of tertiary amines with epichlorohydrin. The amino groups of carboxymethyl chitosan were then conjugated with QAS through the ring-opening reaction and QAS-modified chitosan (CMCS) was obtained. The antibacterial analysis showed that both QAS and CMCS could kill E. coli and S. aureus at relatively low concentrations. QAS with 16 carbon atoms has a MIC of 16 μg/mL for E. coli and 2 μg/mL for S. aureus. A series of formulations of tobramycin-loaded gelatine microspheres (TOB-G) were generated and the best formulation was selected by comparing the characters of the microspheres. The microsphere fabricated by 0.1 mL GTA was selected as the optimal candidate. We then used CMCS, TOB-G, and sodium alginate (SA) to prepare physically crosslinking hydrogels using CaCl2 and investigated the mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of the hydrogels. In summary, the hydrogel dressing we produced can be used as an ideal alternative for the management of bacteria-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Shi
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Woundhealing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongmeng Xu
- Woundhealing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Woundhealing (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Shenyang Yaoda Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Benxi 114004, China
| | - Junyao Gu
- Shenyang Yaoda Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Benxi 114004, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Takemoto JY, Altenberg GA, Poudyal N, Subedi YP, Chang CWT. Amphiphilic aminoglycosides: Modifications that revive old natural product antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000199. [PMID: 36212866 PMCID: PMC9537547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely-used Streptomyces-derived antibacterial aminoglycosides have encountered challenges because of antibiotic resistance and toxicity. Today, they are largely relegated to medicinal topical applications. However, chemical modification to amphiphilic aminoglycosides can revive their efficacy against bacterial pathogens and expand their targets to other pathogenic microbes and disorders associated with hyperactive connexin hemichannels. For example, amphiphilic versions of neomycin and neamine are not subject to resistance and have expanded antibacterial spectra, and amphiphilic kanamycins are effective antifungals and have promising therapeutic uses as connexin hemichannel inhibitors. With further research and discoveries aimed at improved formulations and delivery, amphiphilic aminoglycosides may achieve new horizons in pharmacopeia and agriculture for Streptomyces aminoglycosides beyond just serving as topical antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Y. Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naveena Poudyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Yagya P. Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei T. Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Wei T. Chang,
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8
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Moghimi S, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A. Drug design strategies for the treatment azole-resistant candidiasis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:879-895. [PMID: 35793245 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2098949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of novel antifungals and therapeutic strategies, the rate of global mortality linked to invasive fungal diseases from fungal infection remains high. Candida albicans account for the most invasive mycosis produced by yeast. Thus, the current arsenal of medicinal chemists is focused on finding new effective agents with lower toxicity and broad-spectrum activity. In this review article, recent efforts to find effective agents against azole-resistant candidiasis, a common fungal infection, are covered. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors outlined all azole-based compounds, dual target, and new scaffolds (non-azole-based compounds) which were effective against azole-resistant candidiasis. In addition, the mechanism of action and SAR studies were also discussed, if the data were available. EXPERT OPINION The current status of fungal infections and the drawbacks of existing drugs have encouraged scientists to find novel scaffolds based on different methods like virtual screening and fragment-based drug discovery. Machine learning and in-silico methods have found their role in this field and experts are hopeful to find novel scaffolds/compounds by using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Li P, Chi J, Xiao L, Yu L. Synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel thiochroman-4-one derivatives incorporating oxime ether and 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether moieties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2056736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Qiandongnan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of National Medicine, Kaili University, Kaili, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiyan Chi
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingling Xiao
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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10
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Peng F, Liu T, Cao X, Wang Q, Liu F, Liu L, He M, Xue W. Antiviral Activities of Novel Myricetin Derivatives Containing 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Bisthioether. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100939. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Xiao Cao
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Qifan Wang
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Liwei Liu
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Ming He
- Guizhou University Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang CHINA
| | - Wei Xue
- Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang CHINA
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11
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Interest of Homodialkyl Neamine Derivatives against Resistant P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and β-Lactamases-Producing Bacteria-Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on the Interaction with LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168707. [PMID: 34445410 PMCID: PMC8396045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel therapeutics to treat antibiotic-resistant infections, especially those caused by ESKAPE pathogens, is urgent. One of the most critical pathogens is P. aeruginosa, which is able to develop a large number of factors associated with antibiotic resistance, including high level of impermeability. Gram-negative bacteria are protected from the environment by an asymmetric Outer Membrane primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at the outer leaflet and phospholipids in the inner leaflet. Based on a large hemi-synthesis program focusing on amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivatives, we extend the antimicrobial activity of 3′,6-dinonyl neamine and its branched isomer, 3′,6-di(dimethyloctyl) neamine on clinical P. aeruginosa, ESBL, and carbapenemase strains. We also investigated the capacity of 3′,6-homodialkyl neamine derivatives carrying different alkyl chains (C7–C11) to interact with LPS and alter membrane permeability. 3′,6-Dinonyl neamine and its branched isomer, 3′,6-di(dimethyloctyl) neamine showed low MICs on clinical P. aeruginosa, ESBL, and carbapenemase strains with no MIC increase for long-duration incubation. In contrast from what was observed for membrane permeability, length of alkyl chains was critical for the capacity of 3′,6-homodialkyl neamine derivatives to bind to LPS. We demonstrated the high antibacterial potential of the amphiphilic neamine derivatives in the fight against ESKAPE pathogens and pointed out some particular characteristics making the 3′,6-dinonyl- and 3′,6-di(dimethyloctyl)-neamine derivatives the best candidates for further development.
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12
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Dangi M, Khichi A, Jakhar R, Chhillar AK. Growing Preferences towards Analog-based Drug Discovery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1030-1045. [PMID: 32900347 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200908121409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major concern of today's time is the developing resistance in most of the clinically derived pathogenic micro-organisms for available drugs through several mechanisms. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop novel molecules with drug-like properties that can be effective against the otherwise resistant micro-organisms. METHODS New drugs can be developed using several methods like structure-based drug design, ligandbased drug design, or by developing analogs of the available drugs to further improve their effects. However, the smartness is to opt for the techniques that have comparatively less expenditure, lower failure rates, and faster discovery rates. RESULTS Analog-Based Drug Design (ABDD) is one such technique that researchers worldwide are opting to develop new drug-like molecules with comparatively lower market values. They start by first designing the analogs sharing structural and pharmacological similarities to the existing drugs. This method embarks on scaffold structures of available drugs already approved by the clinical trials, but are left ineffective because of resistance developed by the pathogens. CONCLUSION In this review, we have discussed some recent examples of anti-fungal and anti-bacterial (antimicrobial) drugs that were designed based on the ABDD technique. Also, we have tried to focus on the in silico tools and techniques that can contribute to the designing and computational screening of the analogs, so that these can be further considered for in vitro screening to validate their better biological activities against the pathogens with comparatively reduced rates of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Dangi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Khichi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Jakhar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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13
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Green KD, Punetha A, Chandrika NT, Hou C, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Tsodikov OV. Development of Single-Stranded DNA Bisintercalating Inhibitors of Primase DnaG as Antibiotics. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1986-1995. [PMID: 33711198 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many essential enzymes in bacteria remain promising potential targets of antibacterial agents. In this study, we discovered that dequalinium, a topical antibacterial agent, is an inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus primase DnaG (SaDnaG) with low-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations against several S. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant bacteria. Mechanistic studies of dequalinium and a series of nine of its synthesized analogues revealed that these compounds are single-stranded DNA bisintercalators that penetrate a bacterium by compromising its membrane. The best compound of this series likely interacts with DnaG directly, inhibits both staphylococcal cell growth and biofilm formation, and displays no significant hemolytic activity or toxicity to mammalian cells. This compound is an excellent lead for further development of a novel anti-staphylococcal therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Ankita Punetha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | | | - Caixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | | | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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14
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Verma S, Ravichandiran V, Ranjan N, Flora SJS. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles. Med Chem 2021; 16:454-486. [PMID: 31038072 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Verma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
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15
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Thamban Chandrika N, Dennis EK, Brubaker KR, Kwiatkowski S, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Agents: Fluorinated Aryl- and Heteroaryl-Substituted Hydrazones. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:124-133. [PMID: 33063957 PMCID: PMC10898509 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted monohydrazones displayed excellent broad-spectrum activity against various fungal strains, including a panel of clinically relevant Candida auris strains relative to a control antifungal agent, voriconazole (VRC). These monohydrazones displayed less hemolysis of murine red blood cells than that of VRC at the same concentrations, possessed fungicidal activity in a time-kill study, and exhibited no mammalian cell cytotoxicity. In addition, these monohydrazones prevented the formation of biofilms that otherwise block antibiotic effectiveness and did not trigger the development of resistance when exposed to C. auris AR Bank # 0390 over 15 passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Katelyn R Brubaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
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16
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Yang H, Xu X, Ran X, Ran Y. Successful Treatment of Refractory Candidal Granuloma by Itraconazole and Terbinafine in Combination with Hyperthermia and Cryotherapy. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:847-853. [PMID: 32405702 PMCID: PMC7367946 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidal granuloma is a rare and refractory disease in clinical practice, usually reported in immunocompromised patients. We report a 57-year-old man who presented with candidal granuloma caused by Candida tropicalis. The diagnosis was confirmed according to histopathology and molecular identification. Prolonged duration of initial antifungal therapy did not obtain satisfactory improvement. Finally, the refractory disease was successfully treated by itraconazole and terbinafine in combination with hyperthermia and cryotherapy. The "blackish-red dot" dermoscopic sign of the verrucous granuloma gradually resolved during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Yang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Howard KC, Dennis EK, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry of antifungal drugs: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2426-2480. [PMID: 32140691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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18
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Dennis EK, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Synergistic combinations of azoles and antihistamines against Candida species in vitro. Med Mycol 2020; 57:874-884. [PMID: 30295881 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major cause of skin and mucosal membrane disease. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, are most susceptible to fungal infections. With a growing population of immunocompromised patients, there are many reports of increasing numbers of infections and of fungal strains resistant to current antifungals. One way to treat drug-resistant infections is to administer combinations of drugs to patients. Azoles are the most prescribed antifungals, as they are broad-spectrum and orally bioavailable. Terfenadine (TERF) and ebastine (EBA) are second-generation antihistamines, with EBA being used in many countries. In this study, we explored combinations of seven azole antifungals and two antihistamines (TERF and EBA) against a panel of 13 Candida fungal strains. We found 55 out of 91 combinations tested of TERF and EBA against the various fungal strains to be synergistic with the azoles. To evaluate the efficiency of these combinations to inhibit fungal growth, we performed time-kill assays. We also investigated the ability of these combinations to disrupt biofilm formation. Finally, we tested the specificity of the combinations towards fungal cells by mammalian cytotoxicity assays. These findings suggest a potential new strategy for targeting drug-resistant Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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19
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Dennis EK, Kim JH, Parkin S, Awuah SG, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Distorted Gold(I)–Phosphine Complexes as Antifungal Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2455-2469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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20
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Subedi YP, Pandey U, Alfindee MN, Montgomery H, Roberts P, Wight J, Nichols G, Grilley M, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Scalable and cost-effective tosylation-mediated synthesis of antifungal and fungal diagnostic 6″-Modified amphiphilic kanamycins. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111639. [PMID: 31470306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic kanamycins bearing hydrophobic modifications at the 6″ position have attracted interest due to remarkable antibacterial-to-antifungal switches in bioactivity. In this report, we investigate a hurdle that hinders practical applications of these amphiphilic kanamycins: a cost-effective synthesis that allows the incorporation of various connecting functionalities to which the hydrophobic moieties are connected to the kanamycin core. A cost-effective tosylation enables various modifications at the 6″ position, which is scalable to a 90-g scale. The connecting functionalities, such as amine and thiol, were not the dominant factor for biological activity. Instead, the linear chain length played the decisive role. Amphiphilic kanamycin attached with tetradecyl (C14) or hexadecyl (C16) showed strong antifungal and modest antibacterial activities than with shorter chains (C6-C10). However, increases in chain length were closely correlated with an increase in HeLa cell toxicity. Thus, a compromise between the antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicities, for optimal efficacy of amphiphilic kanamycins may contain chain lengths between C8 and C12. Finally, the described synthetic protocol also allows the preparation of a fluorescent amphiphilic kanamycin selective toward fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Prasad Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Uddav Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Madher N Alfindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Heath Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Paul Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Gavin Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
| | - Michell Grilley
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-5305, USA
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-5305, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA.
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21
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Liu Y, Wang W, Yan H, Wang D, Zhang M, Sun S. Anti- Candida activity of existing antibiotics and their derivatives when used alone or in combination with antifungals. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:899-915. [PMID: 31394935 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a growing challenge in immunocompromised patients, especially candidiasis. The prolonged use of traditional antifungals to treat Candida infection has caused the emergence of drug resistance, especially fluconazole. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for Candida infection are warranted. Recently, attention has been paid to the anti-Candida activity of antibiotics and their derivatives. Studies revealed that a series of antibiotics/derivatives displayed potential anti-Candida activity and some of them could significantly increase the susceptibility of antifungals. Interestingly, the derivatives of aminoglycosides were even more active than fluconazole/itraconazole/posaconazole. This article reviews the anti-Candida activities and mechanisms of antibiotics/derivatives used alone or in combination with antifungals. This review will helpfully provide novel insights for overcoming Candida resistance and discovering new antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taishan hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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22
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Alfindee MN, Subedi YP, Grilley MM, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Antifungal Activities of 4″,6″-Disubstituted Amphiphilic Kanamycins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101882. [PMID: 31100822 PMCID: PMC6571828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic kanamycins derived from the classic antibiotic kanamycin have attracted interest due to their novel bioactivities beyond inhibition of bacteria. In this study, the recently described 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins reported as inhibitors of connexin were examined for their antifungal activities. Nearly all 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins tested had antifungal activities comparable to those of 4″,6″-dialkyl amphiphilic kanamycins, reported previously against several fungal strains. The minimal growth inhibitory concentrations (MICs) correlated with the degree of amphiphilicity (cLogD) of the di-substituted amphiphilic kanamycins. Using the fluorogenic dyes, SYTOXTM Green and propidium iodide, the most active compounds at the corresponding MICs or at 2×MICs caused biphasic dye fluorescence increases over time with intact cells. Further lowering the concentrations to half MICs caused first-order dye fluorescence increases. Interestingly, 4×MIC or 8×MIC levels resulted in fluorescence suppression that did not correlate with the MIC and plasma membrane permeabilization. The results show that 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins are antifungal and that amphiphilicity parameter cLogD is useful for the design of the most membrane-active versions. A cautionary limitation of fluorescence suppression was revealed when using fluorogenic dyes to measure cell-permeation mechanisms with these antifungals at high concentrations. Finally, 4″,6″-diaryl amphiphilic kanamycins elevate the production of cellular reactive oxygen species as other reported amphiphilic kanamycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madher N Alfindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Yagya P Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Michelle M Grilley
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA.
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA.
| | - Cheng-Wei T Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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23
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Homa M, Sándor A, Tóth E, Szebenyi C, Nagy G, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. In vitro Interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa With Scedosporium Species Frequently Associated With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 30894846 PMCID: PMC6414507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Scedosporium apiospermum species complex are the second most frequently isolated pathogens after Aspergillus fumigatus from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with fungal pulmonary infections. Even so, the main risk factors for the infection are unrevealed. According to previous studies, bacterial infections might reduce the risk of a fungal infection, but an antibacterial therapy may contribute to the airway colonization by several fungal pathogens. Furthermore, corticosteroids, which are often used to reduce lung inflammation in children and adults with CF, are also proved to enhance the growth of A. fumigatus in vitro. Considering all the above discussed points, we aimed to test how Pseudomonas aeruginosa influences the growth of scedosporia and to investigate the potential effect of commonly applied antibacterial agents and corticosteroids on Scedosporium species. Direct interactions between fungal and bacterial strains were tested using the disk inhibition method. Indirect interactions via volatile compounds were investigated by the plate-in-plate method, while the effect of bacterial media-soluble molecules was tested using a modified cellophane assay and also in liquid culture media conditioned by P. aeruginosa. To test the effect of bacterial signal molecules, antibacterial agents and corticosteroids on the fungal growth, the broth microdilution method was used. We also investigated the germination ability of Scedosporium conidia in the presence of pyocyanin and diffusible signal factor by microscopy. According to our results, P. aeruginosa either inhibited or enhanced the growth of scedosporia depending on the culture conditions and the mode of interactions. When the two pathogens were cultured physically separately from each other in the plate-in-plate tests, the presence of the bacteria was able to stimulate the growth of several fungal isolates. While in direct physical contact, bacterial strains inhibited the fungal growth. This effect might be attributed to bacterial signal molecules, which also proved to inhibit the germination and growth of scedosporia. In addition, antibacterial agents showed growth-promoting, while corticosteroids exhibited growth inhibitory effect on several Scedosporium isolates. These data raise the possibility that a P. aeruginosa infection or a previously administered antibacterial therapy might be able to increase the chance of a Scedosporium colonization in a CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Homa
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Sándor
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tóth
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szebenyi
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Brilhante RSN, de Oliveira JS, de Jesus Evangelista AJ, Pereira VS, Alencar LP, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Câmara LMC, de Lima-Neto RG, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. In vitro effects of promethazine on cell morphology and structure and mitochondrial activity of azole-resistant Candida tropicalis. Med Mycol 2019; 56:1012-1022. [PMID: 29420801 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of promethazine on the antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations against planktonic cells and mature biofilms of Candida tropicalis, as well as investigate its potential mechanisms of cell damage against this yeast species. Three C. tropicalis isolates (two azole-resistant and one azole-susceptible) were evaluated for their planktonic and biofilm susceptibility to promethazine alone and in combination with itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. The antifungal activity of promethazine against C. tropicalis was investigated by performing time-kill curve assays and assessing rhodamine 6G efflux, cell size/granularity, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, through flow cytometry. Promethazine showed antifungal activity against planktonic cells and biofilms at concentrations of 64 and 128 μg/ml, respectively. The addition of two subinhibitory concentrations of promethazine reduced the antifungal MICs for all tested azole drugs against planktonic growth, reversing the resistance phenotype to all azoles. Promethazine decreased the efflux of rhodamine 6G in an azole-resistant strain. Moreover, promethazine decreased cell size/granularity and caused membrane damage, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In conclusion, promethazine presented synergy with azole antifungals against resistant C. tropicalis and exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against C. tropicalis, altering cell size/granularity, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function, demonstrating potential mechanisms of cell damage against this yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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25
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Thamban Chandrika N, Dennis EK, Shrestha SK, Ngo HX, Green KD, Kwiatkowski S, Deaciuc AG, Dwoskin LP, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. N,N'-diaryl-bishydrazones in a biphenyl platform: Broad spectrum antifungal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:273-281. [PMID: 30597328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Diaryl-bishydrazones of [1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxaldehyde, [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxaldehyde, and 4,4'-bisacetyl-1,1-biphenyl exhibited excellent antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of filamentous and non-filamentous fungi. These N,N'-diaryl-bishydrazones displayed no antibacterial activity in contrast to previously reported N,N'-diamidino-bishydrazones and N-amidino-N'-aryl-bishydrazones. The leading candidate, 4,4'-bis((E)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, displayed less hemolysis of murine red blood cells at concentrations at or below that of a control antifungal agent (voriconazole), was fungistatic in a time-kill study, and possessed no mammalian cytotoxicity and no toxicity with respect to hERG inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Agripina Gabriela Deaciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA.
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, attenuation of aminoglycoside resistance in MRSA, and ribosomal A-site binding of pyrene-neomycin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:381-393. [PMID: 30530174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ligands that have comparable or enhanced therapeutic efficacy relative to current drugs is vital to the health of the global community in the short and long term. One strategy to accomplish this goal is to functionalize sites on current antimicrobials to enhance specificity and affinity while abating resistance mechanisms of infectious organisms. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of pyrene-neomycin B (PYR-NEO) conjugates, their binding affinity to A-site RNA targets, resistance to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), and antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacterial strains of clinical relevance. PYR-NEO conjugation significantly alters the affinities of NEO for bacterial A-site targets. The conjugation of PYR to NEO significantly increased the resistance of NEO to AME modification. PYR-NEO conjugates exhibited broad-spectrum activity towards Gram-positive bacteria, including improved activity against NEO-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.
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Broad-spectrum antibacterial amphiphilic aminoglycosides: A new focus on the structure of the lipophilic groups extends the series of active dialkyl neamines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1512-1525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kukielski C, Maiti K, Bhaduri S, Story S, Arya DP. Rapid solid-phase syntheses of a peptidic-aminoglycoside library. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Louzoun Zada S, Green KD, Shrestha SK, Herzog IM, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Fridman M. Derivatives of Ribosome-Inhibiting Antibiotic Chloramphenicol Inhibit the Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cell Wall. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1121-1129. [PMID: 29714997 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the preparation and evaluation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives of the bacterial translation inhibiting antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAM). Compared to the parent antibiotic, two compounds containing α,β-unsaturated ketones (1 and 4) displayed a broader spectrum of activity against a panel of Gram-positive pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 2-32 μg/mL. Interestingly, unlike the parent CAM, these compounds do not inhibit bacterial translation. Microscopic evidence and metabolic labeling of a cell wall peptidoglycan suggested that compounds 1 and 4 caused extensive damage to the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus cells by inhibition of the early stage of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Unlike the effect of membrane-disrupting antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles, these compounds did not rapidly permeabilize the bacterial membrane. Like the parent antibiotic CAM, compounds 1 and 4 had a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus. Both compounds 1 and 4 were cytotoxic to immortalized nucleated mammalian cells; however, neither caused measurable membrane damage to mammalian red blood cells. These data suggest that the reported CAM-derived antimicrobial agents offer a new molecular scaffold for development of novel bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibiting antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Louzoun Zada
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Keith D. Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sanjib K. Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Ido M. Herzog
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Micha Fridman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Subedi YP, AlFindee MN, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins: new life for an old drug. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:909-919. [PMID: 30108980 PMCID: PMC6071784 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical aminoglycoside antibiotics are obsolete or hampered by the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Recent discoveries of antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins offer new strategies for reviving and repurposing these old drugs. A simple structural modification turns the clinically obsolete antibacterial kanamycin into an antifungal agent. Structure-activity relationship studies have led to the production of K20, an antifungal kanamycin that can be mass-produced for uses in agriculture as well as in animals. This review delineates the path to the discovery of K20 and other related antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins, determination of its mode of action, and findings in greenhouse and field trials with K20 that could lead to crop disease protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Prasad Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Madher N AlFindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , 5305 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
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Fosso MY, Shrestha SK, Thamban Chandrika N, Dennis EK, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Differential Effects of Linkers on the Activity of Amphiphilic Tobramycin Antifungals. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040899. [PMID: 29652845 PMCID: PMC5971061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the threat associated with fungal infections continues to rise and the availability of antifungal drugs remains a concern, it becomes obvious that the need to bolster the antifungal armamentarium is urgent. Building from our previous findings of tobramycin (TOB) derivatives with antifungal activity, we further investigate the effects of various linkers on the biological activity of these aminoglycosides. Herein, we analyze how thioether, sulfone, triazole, amide, and ether functionalities affect the antifungal activity of alkylated TOB derivatives against 22 Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. We also evaluate their impact on the hemolysis of murine erythrocytes and the cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. While the triazole linker appears to confer optimal activity overall, all of the linkers incorporated into the TOB derivatives resulted in compounds that are very effective against the Cryptococcus neoformans species, with MIC values ranging from 0.48 to 3.9 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Y Fosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Li P, Tian P, Chen Y, Song X, Xue W, Jin L, Hu D, Yang S, Song B. Novel bisthioether derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety: design, synthesis, antibacterial and nematocidal activities. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:844-852. [PMID: 29024290 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature shows that bisthioether and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. In this study, a series of novel bisthioether derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized and their antibacterial and nematocidal activities investigated. RESULTS Among the title compounds evaluated, compound 4f demonstrated the best antibacterial activities against rice bacterial leaf blight, rice bacterial leaf streak and citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), with EC50 values of 4.82, 11.15 and 16.57 µg mL-1 , respectively, which were even better than those of thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol. Meanwhile, compound 4f had better in vitro nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans at 48 h, with an LC50 value of 2.89 µg mL-1 , which was superior to those of ethoprophos and fosthiazate. In addition, greenhouse trials indicated that compound 4f was effective in reducing rice bacterial leaf blight relative to thiodiazole copper and bismerthiazol. CONCLUSION A series of novel bisthioether derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized and bioassay results showed that compound 4f exhibited the best antibacterial and nematocidal activities. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pingyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Linhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Thamban Chandrika N, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Comprehensive review of chemical strategies for the preparation of new aminoglycosides and their biological activities. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1189-1249. [PMID: 29296992 PMCID: PMC5818290 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies for the preparation of aminoglycosides for a variety of applications (therapeutic and agricultural) reported in the scientific literature up to 2017 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of derivatization/generation of novel aminoglycosides and their conjugates is divided based on the types of modifications used to make the new derivatives. Both the chemical strategies utilized and the biological results observed are covered. Structure-activity relationships based on different synthetic modifications along with their implications for activity and ability to avoid resistance against different microorganisms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Chandrika NT, Shrestha SK, Ranjan N, Sharma A, Arya DP, Garneau-Tsodikova S. New Application of Neomycin B-Bisbenzimidazole Hybrids as Antifungal Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:196-207. [PMID: 29227087 PMCID: PMC5971066 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alkylated aminoglycosides and bisbenzimidazoles have previously been shown to individually display antifungal activity. Herein, we explore for the first time the antifungal activity (in liquid cultures and in biofilms) of ten alkylated aminoglycosides covalently linked to either mono- or bisbenzimidazoles. We also investigate their toxicity against mammalian cells, their hemolytic activity, and their potential mechanism(s) of action (inhibition of fungal ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production). Overall, many of our hybrids exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity. We also found them to be less cytotoxic to mammalian cells and less hemolytic than the FDA-approved antifungal agents amphotericin B and voriconazole, respectively. Finally, we show with our best derivative (8) that the mechanism of action of our compounds is not the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, but that it involves ROS production in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sanjib K. Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Anindra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dev P. Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lee T. Todd, Jr. Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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Thamban Chandrika N, Shrestha SK, Ngo HX, Tsodikov OV, Howard KC, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Alkylated Piperazines and Piperazine-Azole Hybrids as Antifungal Agents. J Med Chem 2017; 61:158-173. [PMID: 29256601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of fluconazole (FLC) and other azole drugs has caused the emergence and rise of azole-resistant fungi. The fungistatic nature of FLC in combination with toxicity concerns have resulted in an increased demand for new azole antifungal agents. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activity of novel alkylated piperazines and alkylated piperazine-azole hybrids, their time-kill studies, their hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes, as well as their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Many of these molecules exhibited broad-spectrum activity against all tested fungal strains, with excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against non-albicans Candida and Aspergillus strains. The most promising compounds were found to be less hemolytic than the FDA-approved antifungal agent voriconazole (VOR). Finally, we demonstrate that the synthetic alkylated piperazine-azole hybrids do not function by fungal membrane disruption, but instead by disruption of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway via inhibition of the 14α-demethylase enzyme present in fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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Amikacin: Uses, Resistance, and Prospects for Inhibition. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122267. [PMID: 29257114 PMCID: PMC5889950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics used since the 1940s to primarily treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The primary resistance mechanism against these antibiotics is enzymatic modification by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that are divided into acetyl-transferases, phosphotransferases, and nucleotidyltransferases. To overcome this problem, new semisynthetic aminoglycosides were developed in the 70s. The most widely used semisynthetic aminoglycoside is amikacin, which is refractory to most aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Amikacin was synthesized by acylation with the l-(-)-γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyryl side chain at the C-1 amino group of the deoxystreptamine moiety of kanamycin A. The main amikacin resistance mechanism found in the clinics is acetylation by the aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib], an enzyme coded for by a gene found in integrons, transposons, plasmids, and chromosomes of Gram-negative bacteria. Numerous efforts are focused on finding strategies to neutralize the action of AAC(6')-Ib and extend the useful life of amikacin. Small molecules as well as complexes ionophore-Zn+2 or Cu+2 were found to inhibit the acetylation reaction and induced phenotypic conversion to susceptibility in bacteria harboring the aac(6')-Ib gene. A new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, plazomicin, is in advance stage of development and will contribute to renewed interest in this kind of antibiotics.
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Thamban Chandrika N, Shrestha SK, Ngo HX, Howard KC, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Novel fluconazole derivatives with promising antifungal activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:573-580. [PMID: 29279242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The fungistatic nature and toxicity concern associated with the azole drugs currently on the market have resulted in an increased demand for new azole antifungal agents for which these problematic characteristics do not exist. The extensive use of azoles has resulted in fungal strains capable of resisting the action of these drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activity of novel fluconazole (FLC) analogues with alkyl-, aryl-, cycloalkyl-, and dialkyl-amino substituents. We evaluated their antifungal activity by MIC determination and time-kill assay as well as their safety profile by hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes as well as cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The best compounds from our study exhibited broad-spectrum activity against most of the fungal strains tested, with excellent MIC values against a number of clinical isolates. The most promising compounds were found to be less hemolytic than the least hemolytic FDA-approved azole antifungal agent voriconazole (VOR). Finally, we demonstrated that the synthetic alkyl-amino FLC analogues displayed chain-dependent fungal membrane disruption as well as inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis as possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Kaitlind C Howard
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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Repurposing antipsychotic drugs into antifungal agents: Synergistic combinations of azoles and bromperidol derivatives in the treatment of various fungal infections. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lu M, Yu C, Cui X, Shi J, Yuan L, Sun S. Gentamicin synergises with azoles against drug-resistant Candida albicans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:107-114. [PMID: 28943366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Candida spp. are the primary opportunistic pathogens of nosocomial fungal infections, causing both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections. Combination therapy for fungal infections has attracted considerable attention, especially for those caused by drug-resistant fungi. Gentamicin (GM), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has weak antifungal activity against Fusarium spp. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of GM with azoles against Candida spp. and the underlying mechanisms. In a chequerboard assay, GM was found not only to work synergistically with azoles against planktonic cells of drug-resistant Candida albicans with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.13-0.14, but also synergised with fluconazole (FLC) against C. albicans biofilms pre-formed in <12 h. Synergism of GM with FLC was also confirmed in vivo in a Galleria mellonella infection model. In addition, mechanism studies showed that GM not only suppressed the efflux pump of resistant C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner but also inhibited extracellular phospholipase activity of resistant C. albicans when combined with FLC. These findings suggest that GM enhances the efficacy of azoles against resistant C. albicans via efflux inhibition and decreased activity of extracellular phospholipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuixiang Yu
- Respiration Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueyan Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinyi Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baodi People's Hospital, Baodi 301800, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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40
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Lyu Y, Yang X, Goswami S, Gorityala BK, Idowu T, Domalaon R, Zhanel GG, Shan A, Schweizer F. Amphiphilic Tobramycin-Lysine Conjugates Sensitize Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Rifampicin and Minocycline. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3684-3702. [PMID: 28409644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomally encoded low membrane permeability and highly efficient efflux systems are major mechanisms by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa evades antibiotic actions. Our previous reports have shown that amphiphilic tobramycin-fluoroquinolone hybrids can enhance efficacy of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates. Herein, we report on a novel class of tobramycin-lysine conjugates containing an optimized amphiphilic tobramycin-C12 tether that sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to legacy antibiotics. Combination studies indicate the ability of these conjugates to synergize rifampicin and minocycline against MDR and extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates and enhance efficacy of both antibiotics in the Galleria mellonella larvae in vivo infection model. Mode of action studies indicate that the amphiphilic tobramycin-lysine adjuvants enhance outer membrane cell penetration and affect the proton motive force, which energizes efflux pumps. Overall, this study provides a strategy for generating effective antibiotic adjuvants that overcome resistance of rifampicin and minocycline in MDR and XDR Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Lyu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sudeep Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Temilolu Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ronald Domalaon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R9, Canada
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 1R9, Canada
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Garzan A, Willby MJ, Ngo HX, Gajadeera CS, Green KD, Holbrook SYL, Hou C, Posey JE, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Combating Enhanced Intracellular Survival (Eis)-Mediated Kanamycin Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Novel Pyrrolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-Based Eis Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:302-309. [PMID: 28192916 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Hence, the identification of highly effective antitubercular drugs with novel modes of action is crucial. In this paper, we report the discovery and development of pyrrolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-based analogues as highly potent inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) acetyltransferase enhanced intracellular survival (Eis), whose up-regulation causes clinically observed resistance to the aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotic kanamycin A (KAN). We performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to optimize these compounds as potent Eis inhibitors both against purified enzyme and in mycobacterial cells. A crystal structure of Eis in complex with one of the most potent inhibitors reveals that the compound is bound to Eis in the AG binding pocket, serving as the structural basis for the SAR. These Eis inhibitors have no observed cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and are promising leads for the development of innovative AG adjuvant therapies against drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Melisa J. Willby
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis
Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and
TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Huy X. Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Chathurada S. Gajadeera
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Keith D. Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Selina Y. L. Holbrook
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Caixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - James E. Posey
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis
Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and
TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Oleg V. Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South
Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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42
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Garzan A, Willby MJ, Ngo HX, Gajadeera CS, Green KD, Holbrook SYL, Hou C, Posey JE, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Combating Enhanced Intracellular Survival (Eis)-Mediated Kanamycin Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Novel Pyrrolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-Based Eis Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28192916 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00193.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Hence, the identification of highly effective antitubercular drugs with novel modes of action is crucial. In this paper, we report the discovery and development of pyrrolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-based analogues as highly potent inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) acetyltransferase enhanced intracellular survival (Eis), whose up-regulation causes clinically observed resistance to the aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotic kanamycin A (KAN). We performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to optimize these compounds as potent Eis inhibitors both against purified enzyme and in mycobacterial cells. A crystal structure of Eis in complex with one of the most potent inhibitors reveals that the compound is bound to Eis in the AG binding pocket, serving as the structural basis for the SAR. These Eis inhibitors have no observed cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and are promising leads for the development of innovative AG adjuvant therapies against drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Melisa J Willby
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Chathurada S Gajadeera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Selina Y L Holbrook
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Caixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - James E Posey
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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43
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Novel alkylated azoles as potent antifungals. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:309-318. [PMID: 28395217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLC) is the drug of choice when it comes to treat fungal infections such as invasive candidiasis in humans. However, the widespread use of FLC has resulted in the development of resistance to this drug in various fungal strains and, simultaneously has occasioned the need for new antifungal agents. Herein, we report the synthesis of 27 new FLC derivatives along with their antifungal activity against a panel of 13 clinically relevant fungal strains. We also explore their toxicity against mammalian cells, their hemolytic activity, as well as their mechanism of action. Overall, many of our FLC derivatives exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity and all compounds displayed an MIC value of <0.03 μg/mL against at least one of the fungal strains tested. We also found them to be less hemolytic and less cytotoxic to mammalian cells than the FDA approved antifungal agent amphotericin B. Finally, we demonstrated with our best derivative that the mechanism of action of our compounds is the inhibition of the sterol 14α-demethylase enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis.
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44
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Degtyareva NN, Gong C, Story S, Levinson NS, Oyelere AK, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Arya DP. Antimicrobial Activity, AME Resistance, and A-Site Binding Studies of Anthraquinone-Neomycin Conjugates. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:206-215. [PMID: 28103015 PMCID: PMC5971063 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial effects of aminoglycosides are based on their association with the A-site of bacterial rRNA and interference with the translational process in the bacterial cell, causing cell death. The clinical use of aminoglycosides is complicated by resistance and side effects, some of which arise from their interactions with the human mitochondrial 12S rRNA and its deafness-associated mutations, C1494U and A1555G. We report a rapid assay that allows screening of aminoglycoside compounds to these classes of rRNAs. These screening tools are important to find antibiotics that selectively bind to the bacterial A-site rather than human, mitochondrial A-sites and its mutant homologues. Herein, we report our preliminary work on the optimization of this screen using 12 anthraquinone-neomycin (AMA-NEO) conjugates against molecular constructs representing five A-site homologues, Escherichia coli, human cytosolic, mitochondrial, C1494U, and A1555G, using a fluorescent displacement screening assay. These conjugates were also tested for inhibition of protein synthesis, antibacterial activity against 14 clinically relevant bacterial strains, and the effect on enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. The AMA-NEO conjugates demonstrated significantly improved resistance against aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), as compared with NEO. Several compounds exhibited significantly greater inhibition of prokaryotic protein synthesis as compared to NEO and were extremely poor inhibitors of eukaryotic translation. There was significant variation in antibacterial activity and MIC of selected compounds between bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli, Enteroccocus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Listeria monocytogenes exhibiting moderate to high sensitivity (50-100% growth inhibition) whereas Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellla pneumoniae, and MRSA strains expressed low sensitivity, as compared to the parent aminoglycoside NEO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changjun Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sandra Story
- NUBAD, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Levinson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Keith D. Green
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | - Dev P. Arya
- NUBAD, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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45
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Ngo HX, Shrestha SK, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Development of ebsulfur analogues as potent antibacterials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6298-6306. [PMID: 27073054 PMCID: PMC5045767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the dangerous "ESKAPE" pathogens that rapidly evolve and evade many current FDA-approved antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need for new anti-MRSA compounds. Ebselen (also known as 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one) has shown promising activity in clinical trials for cerebral ischemia, bipolar disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the antibacterial properties of ebselen. In this study, we synthesized an ebselen-inspired library of 33 compounds where the selenium atom has been replaced by sulfur (ebsulfur derivatives) and evaluated them against a panel of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant S. aureus and non-S. aureus strains. Within our library, we identified three outstanding analogues with potent activity against all S. aureus strains tested (MIC values mostly ⩽2μg/mL), and numerous additional ones with overall very good to good antibacterial activity (1-7.8μg/mL). We also characterized the time-kill analysis, anti-biofilm ability, hemolytic activity, mammalian cytotoxicity, membrane-disruption ability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of some of these analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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46
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Zhang Q, Alfindee MN, Shrestha JP, Nziko VDPN, Kawasaki Y, Peng X, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Divergent Synthesis of Three Classes of Antifungal Amphiphilic Kanamycin Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10651-10663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Madher N. Alfindee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Jaya P. Shrestha
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Vincent de Paul Nzuwah Nziko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Yukie Kawasaki
- Department
of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-5305, United States
| | - Xinrui Peng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Jon Y. Takemoto
- Department
of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-5305, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old
Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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47
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Holbrook SYL, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Expanding Aminoglycoside Resistance Enzyme Regiospecificity by Mutation and Truncation. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5726-5737. [PMID: 27618454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AGs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics famous for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycobacteria. In the United States, the most prescribed AGs, including amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GEN), and tobramycin (TOB), are vital components of the treatment for resistant bacterial infections. Arbekacin (ABK), a semisynthetic AG, is widely used for the treatment of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Asia. However, the rapid emergence and development of bacterial resistance are limiting the clinical application of AG antibiotics. Of all bacterial resistance mechanisms against AGs, the acquisition of AG-modifying enzymes (AMEs) by bacteria is the most common. It was previously reported that a variant of a bifunctional AME, the 6'-N-AG acetyltransferase-Ie/2″-O-AG phosphotransferase-Ia [AAC(6')-Ie/APH(2″)-Ia], containing a D80G point mutation and a truncation after amino acid 240 modified ABK and AMK at a new position, the 4‴-amine, therefore displaying a change in regiospecificity. In this study, we aimed to verify the altered regiospecificity of this bifunctional enzyme by mutation and truncation for the potential of derivatizing AGs with chemoenzymatic reactions. With the three variant enzymes in this study that contained either mutation only (D80G), truncation only (1-240), or mutation and truncation (D80G-1-240), we characterized their activity by profiling their substrate promiscuity, determined their kinetics parameters, and performed mass spectrometry to determine how and where ABK and AMK were acetylated by these enzymes. We found that the three mutant enzymes possessed distinct acetylation regiospecificity compared to that of the bifunctional AAC(6')-Ie/APH(2″)-Ia enzyme and the functional AAC(6')-Ie domain [AAC(6')/APH(2″)-1-194].
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Y L Holbrook
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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Ngo HX, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Green KD. A complex game of hide and seek: the search for new antifungals. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1285-1306. [PMID: 27766140 PMCID: PMC5067021 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections directly affect millions of people each year. In addition to the invasive fungal infections of humans, the plants and animals that comprise our primary food source are also susceptible to diseases caused by these eukaryotic microbes. The need for antifungals, not only for our medical needs, but also for use in agriculture and livestock causes a high demand for novel antimycotics. Herein, we provide an overview of the most commonly used antifungals in medicine and agriculture. We also present a summary of the recent progress (from 2010-2016) in the discovery/development of new agents against fungal strains of medical/agricultural relevance, as well as information related to their biological activity, their mode(s) of action, and their mechanism(s) of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy X. Ngo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Keith D. Green
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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49
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Ngo HX, Shrestha SK, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Identification of Ebsulfur Analogues with Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1507-16. [PMID: 27334363 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are on the rise due to an increased population of critically ill patients as a result of HIV infections, chemotherapies, and organ transplantations. Current antifungal drugs are helpful, but are insufficient in addressing the problem of drug-resistant fungal infections. Thus, there is a growing need for novel antimycotics that are safe and effective. The ebselen scaffold has been evaluated in clinical trials and has been shown to be safe in humans. This makes ebselen an attractive scaffold for facile translation from bench to bedside. We recently reported a library of ebselen-inspired ebsulfur analogues with antibacterial properties, but their antifungal activity has not been characterized. In this study, we repurposed ebselen, ebsulfur, and 32 additional ebsulfur analogues as antifungal agents by evaluating their antifungal activity against a panel of 13 clinically relevant fungal strains. The effect of induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by three of these compounds was evaluated. Their hemolytic and cytotoxicity activities were also determined using mouse erythrocytes and mammalian cells. The MIC values of these compounds were found to be in the range of 0.02-12.5 μg mL(-1) against the fungal strains tested. Notably, yeast cells treated with our compounds showed an accumulation of ROS, which may further contribute to the growth-inhibitory effect against fungi. This study provides new lead compounds for the development of antimycotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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50
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Synthesis and investigation of novel benzimidazole derivatives as antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3680-6. [PMID: 27301676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise and emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs by diverse pathogenic fungal strains have resulted in an increase in demand for new antifungal agents. Various heterocyclic scaffolds with different mechanisms of action against fungi have been investigated in the past. Herein, we report the synthesis and antifungal activities of 18 alkylated mono-, bis-, and trisbenzimidazole derivatives, their toxicities against mammalian cells, as well as their ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in yeast cells. Many of our bisbenzimidazole compounds exhibited moderate to excellent antifungal activities against all tested fungal strains, with MIC values ranging from 15.6 to 0.975μg/mL. The fungal activity profiles of our bisbenzimidazoles were found to be dependent on alkyl chain length. Our most potent compounds were found to display equal or superior antifungal activity when compared to the currently used agents amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole against many of the strains tested.
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