1
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Bradshaw D, Taylor GP. HTLV-1 Transmission and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A Scoping Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881547. [PMID: 35572998 PMCID: PMC9103472 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (HIV-PrEP) is effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV acquisition in HIV-negative people at high risk of exposure. Guidelines recommend testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) before starting, and periodically on PrEP, including bacterial infections, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and, for those who are non-immune, hepatitis B virus. Diagnosed infections can be promptly treated to reduce onward transmission. HTLV-1 is not mentioned; however, it is predominantly sexually transmitted, causes adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) or myelopathy in 10% of those infected, and is associated with an increased risk of death in those without any classically HTLV-associated condition. The 2021 WHO Technical Report on HTLV-1 called for the strengthening of global public health measures against its spread. In this scoping review, we, therefore, (1) discuss the epidemiological context of HIV-PrEP and HTLV-1 transmission; (2) present current knowledge of antiretrovirals in relation to HTLV-1 transmission prevention, including nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs); and (3) identify knowledge gaps where data are urgently required to inform global public health measures to protect HIV-PrEP users from HTLV-1 acquisition. We suggest that systematic seroprevalence studies among PrEP-using groups, including men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWIDs), and female sex workers (FSWs), are needed. Further data are required to evaluate antiretroviral efficacy in preventing HTLV-1 transmission from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical cohorts. PrEP delivery programmes should consider prioritizing the long-acting injectable INSTI, cabotegravir, in HTLV-1 endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bradshaw
- Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel Bradshaw
| | - Graham Philip Taylor
- National Centre for Human Retrovirology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Das P, Almond DW, Tumbelty LN, Austin BE, Moura-Letts G. From Heterocycles to Carbacycles: Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues from Enals and Hydroxylamines. Org Lett 2020; 22:5491-5495. [PMID: 32602726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Substituted and stereochemically dense carbacycles can be prepared by sequential dipolar cycloaddition and reductive cleavage from enals and hydroxylamines. The reaction sequence proceeds with high efficiency for a wide variety of enals and hydroxylamines. The reaction is regio- and diastereoselective for the initial formation of a bridged bisisoxazolidine intermediate, which then undergoes quantitative double N-O cleavage to produce carbacycles as single diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulakesh Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - David W Almond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Lauren N Tumbelty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brooke E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Gustavo Moura-Letts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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3
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Marino-Merlo F, Balestrieri E, Matteucci C, Mastino A, Grelli S, Macchi B. Antiretroviral Therapy in HTLV-1 Infection: An Updated Overview. Pathogens 2020; 9:E342. [PMID: 32369988 PMCID: PMC7281255 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of inflammatory based diseases. Although the heterogeneous features of the diseases caused by HTLV-1, a common topic concerning related therapeutic treatments relies on the use of antiretrovirals. This review will compare the different approaches and opinions in this matter, giving a concise overview of preclinical as well as clinical studies covering all the aspects of antiretrovirals in HTLV-1 infection. Studies will be grouped on the basis of the class of antiretroviral, putting together both pre-clinical and clinical results and generally following a chronological order. Analysis of the existing literature highlights that a number of preclinical studies clearly demonstrate that different classes of antiretrovirals, already utilized as anti-HIV agents, are actually capable to efficiently contrast HTLV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the results of most of the clinical studies are generally discouraging on the same point. In conclusion, the design of new antiretrovirals more specifically focused on HTLV-1 targets, and/or the establishment of early treatments with antiretrovirals could hopefully change the perspectives of diseases caused by HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- The Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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4
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Piotrowska DG, Głowacka IE, Schols D, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Gotkowska J. Novel Isoxazolidine and γ-Lactam Analogues of Homonucleosides. Molecules 2019; 24:E4014. [PMID: 31698778 PMCID: PMC6891762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homonucleoside analogues cis-16 and trans-17 having a (5-methoxycarbonyl)isoxazolidine framework were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nucleobase-derived nitrones with methyl acrylate. Hydrogenolysis of the isoxazolidines containing thymine, dihydrouracil, theophylline and adenine moieties efficiently led to the formation of the respective γ-lactam analogues. γ-Lactam analogues having 5-bromouracil and 5-chlorouracil fragments were synthesized by treatment of uracil-containing γ-lactams with NBS and NCS. Isoxazolidine and γ-lactam analogues of homonucleosides obtained herein were evaluated for activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds that were tested exhibited antiviral or cytotoxic activity at concentrations up to 100 µM. The cytostatic activities of all compounds toward nine cancerous cell lines was tested. γ-Lactams trans-15e (Cl-Ura) and cis-15h (Theo) appeared the most active toward pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (Capan-1), showing IC50 values 21.5 and 18.2 µM, respectively. Isoxazolidine cis-15e (Cl-Ura) inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota G. Piotrowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Iwona E. Głowacka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Gotkowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
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5
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Romeo R, Iannazzo D, Veltri L, Gabriele B, Macchi B, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Giofrè SV. Pyrimidine 2,4-Diones in the Design of New HIV RT Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E1718. [PMID: 31052607 PMCID: PMC6539630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a-c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhibition of RT HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lucia Veltri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Caterina Frezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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6
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Molecular targeting for treatment of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:770-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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7
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Marino-Merlo F, Mastino A, Grelli S, Hermine O, Bazarbachi A, Macchi B. Future Perspectives on Drug Targeting in Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:925. [PMID: 29867836 PMCID: PMC5954109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP), and of a number of inflammatory diseases with an estimated 10–20 million infected individuals worldwide. Despite a number of therapeutic approaches, a cure for ATL is still in its infancy. Conventional chemotherapy has short-term efficacy, particularly in the acute subtype. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers long-term disease control to around one third of transplanted patients, but few can reach to transplant. This prompted, over the past recent years, the conduction of a number of clinical trials using novel treatments. Meanwhile, new data have been accumulated on biological and molecular bases of HTLV-1 transforming and infecting activity. These data offer new rational for targeted therapies of ATL. Taking into account the double-face of ATL as an hematologic malignancy as well as a viral infectious disease, this Mini-Review seeks to provide an up-to-date overview of recent efforts in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in already used therapeutic regimens showing promising results, and in selecting novel drug targets for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, The National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8654, Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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8
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Pasquier A, Alais S, Roux L, Thoulouze MI, Alvarez K, Journo C, Dutartre H, Mahieux R. How to Control HTLV-1-Associated Diseases: Preventing de Novo Cellular Infection Using Antiviral Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:278. [PMID: 29593659 PMCID: PMC5859376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five to ten million individuals are infected by Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 is transmitted through prolonged breast-feeding, by sexual contacts and by transmission of infected T lymphocytes through blood transfusion. One to ten percent of infected carriers will develop a severe HTLV-1-associated disease: Adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), or a neurological disorder named Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). In vivo, HTLV-1 is mostly detected in CD4+ T-cells, and to a lesser extent in CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. There is a strong correlation between HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) and clinical status of infected individuals. Thus, reducing PVL could be part of a strategy to prevent or treat HTLV-1-associated diseases among carriers. Treatment of ATLL patients using conventional chemotherapy has very limited benefit. Some chronic and acute ATLL patients are, however, efficiently treated with a combination of interferon α and zidovudine (IFN-α/AZT), to which arsenic trioxide is added in some cases. On the other hand, no efficient treatment for TSP/HAM patients has been described yet. It is therefore crucial to develop therapies that could either prevent the occurrence of HTLV-1-associated diseases or at least block the evolution of the disease in the early stages. In vivo, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity is low in infected cells, which is correlated with a clonal mode of viral replication. This renders infected cells resistant to nucleoside RT inhibitors such as AZT. However, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) associated to AZT efficiently induces viral expression and prevent de novo cellular infection. In asymptomatic STLV-1 infected non-human primates, HDACi/AZT combination allows a strong decrease in the PVL. Unfortunately, rebound in the PVL occurs when the treatment is stopped, highlighting the need for better antiviral compounds. Here, we review previously used strategies targeting HTLV-1 replication. We also tested a series of HIV-1 RT inhibitors in an in vitro anti-HTLV-1 screen, and report that bis-POM-PMEA (adefovir dipivoxil) and bis-POC-PMPA (tenofovir disoproxil) are much more efficient compared to AZT to decrease HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission in vitro. Our results suggest that revisiting already established antiviral drugs is an interesting approach to discover new anti-HTLV-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pasquier
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Loic Roux
- CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Thoulouze
- "Biofilm and Viral Transmission" Team, Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Karine Alvarez
- CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Journo
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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9
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Bkhaitan MM, Mirza AZ, Abdalla AN, Shamshad H, Ul-Haq Z, Alarjah M, Piperno A. Reprofiling of full-length phosphonated carbocyclic 2′-oxa-3′-aza-nucleosides toward antiproliferative agents: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and molecular docking study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:679-689. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdi M. Bkhaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Science and Technology Unit (STU); Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Shamshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alarjah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical; Biological; Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
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10
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Quantification of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in ATL patients treated with zidovudine and interferon-α. Blood Adv 2017; 1:748-752. [PMID: 29296718 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of the AZT and IFN combination in ATL presumably reflects the inhibition of RT-related functions.HTLV-1-RT activity from short-term cultured PBMCs may represent a predictive correlate of clinical response to AZT/IFN in ATL patients.
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11
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Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Pollicita M, Balestrieri E, Grelli S, D’Ettorre G, Vullo V, Bucci I, Luchini A, Aquaro S, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Macchi B, Perno CF, Mastino A, Garaci E. Thymosin α 1 potentiates the release by CD8+cells of soluble factors able to inhibit HIV-1 and human T lymphotropic virus 1 infectionin vitro. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15 Suppl 1:S83-100. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1021677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Romeo R, Carnovale C, Giofrè SV, Chiacchio MA, Garozzo A, Amata E, Romeo G, Chiacchio U. C-5'-Triazolyl-2'-oxa-3'-aza-4'a-carbanucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:328-34. [PMID: 25815087 PMCID: PMC4362054 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2’-oxa-3’-aza-4’a-carbanucleosides, featured with a triazole linker at the 5’-position, has been developed by exploiting a click chemistry reaction of 5’-azido-2’-oxa-3’-aza-4’a-carbanucleosides with substituted alkynes. Biological tests indicate an antitumor activity for the synthesized compounds: most of them inhibit cell proliferation of Vero, BS-C-1, HEp-2, MDCK, and HFF cells with a CC50 in the range of 5.0–40 μM. The synthesized compounds do not show any antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Carnovale
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria A Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Via A. Doria 6, 95125-Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Garozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, University of Catania,Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Via A. Doria 6, 95125-Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, Via A. Doria 6, 95125-Catania, Italy
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13
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Enantiomerically pure phosphonated carbocyclic 2'-oxa-3'-azanucleosides: synthesis and biological evaluation. Molecules 2014; 19:14406-16. [PMID: 25221866 PMCID: PMC6270948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from enantiomeric pure 1-[(3S,5R)- and 1-[(3R,5S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisoxazolidin-5-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (-)7a and (+)7b, obtained by lipase-catalyzed resolution, pure diethyl{[(3S,5R)-2-methyl-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)isoxazolidin-3-yl]methyl}phosphonate (-)12a and diethyl{[(3R,5S)-2-methyl-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)isoxazolidin-3-yl]methyl}phosphonate (+)12b have been synthesized. The obtained compounds showed no cytotoxic activity versus the U937 cell line in comparison with AZT, and were poorly able to inhibit HIV infection in vitro.
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14
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Sousa CA, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Garcia-Mera X. Synthesis and N-functionalization of isoxazolidines: a new approach to nucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Hernández D, Boto A. Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Azanucleoside Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Łysakowska M, Balzarini J, Piotrowska DG. Design, synthesis, antiviral, and cytostatic evaluation of novel isoxazolidine analogs of homonucleotides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:341-53. [PMID: 24535944 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Moderate diastereoselectivities (d.e. 2-62%) of isoxazolidine homonucleotides were observed for cycloadditions between N-methyl-C-(diethoxyphosphoryl)nitrone and N-allyl nucleobases, with trans-isoxazolidines predominating. The stereochemistry of the substituted isoxazolidines was established based on 2D NOE experiments performed for uracil-containing cycloadducts. The cis- and trans-isoxazolidine phosphonates obtained herein were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were endowed with antiviral activity at subtoxic concentrations, but some of them were found to inhibit the proliferation of L1210 cells with IC50 values in the range of 33-100 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łysakowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Frezza C, Balestrieri E, Marino-Merlo F, Mastino A, Macchi B. A novel, cell-free PCR-based assay for evaluating the inhibitory activity of antiretroviral compounds against HIV reverse transcriptase. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Frezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery; University of Rome “Tor Vergata”; Rome Italy
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery; University of Rome “Tor Vergata”; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Marino-Merlo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology; CNR; Rome Italy
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of System Medicine; University of Rome “Tor Vergata”; Rome Italy
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18
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Baszczyňski O, Janeba Z. Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorinated Cyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates. Med Res Rev 2013; 33:1304-44. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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19
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Sousa CA, Lima CF, Andrade M, García-Mera X, Rodriguez-Borges JE. The origin of stereoselectivity in cycloaddition reactions promoted by stereoisomers of 8-phenylmenthyl glyoxylate oxime. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Romeo R, Carnovale C, Giofrè SV, Romeo G, Macchi B, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Pistarà V, Chiacchio U. Truncated phosphonated C-1′-branched N,O-nucleosides: A new class of antiviral agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Romeo R, Giofrè SV, Macchi B, Balestrieri E, Mastino A, Merino P, Carnovale C, Romeo G, Chiacchio U. Truncated Reverse Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides: A New Class of Allosteric HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:565-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Susceptibility of primary HTLV-1 isolates from patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy to reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Viruses 2011; 3:469-83. [PMID: 21994743 PMCID: PMC3185762 DOI: 10.3390/v3050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated diseases are associated with a high HTLV-1 load, reducing this load may treat or prevent disease. However, despite in vitro evidence that certain nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are active against HTLV-1, in vivo results have been disappointing. We therefore assayed the sensitivity of HTLV-1 primary isolates to a panel of RT inhibitors. HTLV-1 primary isolates were obtained, pre- and post- NRTI treatment, from patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. Sensitivity to azidothymidine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), tenofovir (TDF) and three phosphonated carbocyclic 2’-oxa-3’aza nucleosides (PCOANs) was assessed in a RT inhibitor assay. With the exception of 3TC, HTLV RT from primary isolates was less sensitive to all tested inhibitors than HTLV-1 RT from MT-2 cells. HTLV-1 RT from primary isolates and from chronically infected, transformed MT-2 cells was insensitive to 3TC. Sensitivity of primary isolates to RT inhibitors was not reduced following up to 12 months of patient treatment with AZT plus 3TC. The sensitivity of HTLV-1 primary isolates to NRTIs differs from that of cell lines and may vary among patients. Failure of NRTIs to reduce HTLV-1 viral load in vivo was not due to the development of phenotypic NRTI resistance. AZT and the three PCOANs assayed all consistently inhibited primary isolate HTLV-1 RT.
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Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Gomes OA, Bortolini DE, Martins ML, Almeida MR, Martins CS, Carvalho LD, Souza JG, Vilela JMC, Andrade MS, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. Evaluation of the effects of Quercetin and Kaempherol on the surface of MT-2 cells visualized by atomic force microscopy. J Virol Methods 2011; 174:47-52. [PMID: 21507333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-viral effects of the polyphenolic compounds Quercetin and Kaempherol on the release of HTLV-1 from the surface of MT-2 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scan the surface of the MT-2 cells. MT-2 cells were fixed with 100% methanol on round glass lamina or cleaved mica and dried under UV light and laminar flow. The images were captured on a Multimode equipment monitored by a NanoScope IIId controller from Veeco Instruments Inc operated in tapping mode and equipped with phase-imaging hardware. The images demonstrated viral budding structures 131 ± 57 nm in size, indicating profuse viral budding. Interestingly, cell-free viruses and budding structures visualized on the surface of cells were less common when MT-2 was incubated with Quercetin, and no particles were seen on the surface of cells incubated with Kaempherol. In summary, these data indicate that HTLV-1 is budding constantly from the MT-2 cell surface and that polyphenolic compounds were able to reduce this viral release. Biological samples were analyzed with crude cell preparations just after cultivation in the presence of Quercetin and Kaempherol, showing that the AFM technique is a rapid and powerful tool for analysis of antiviral activity of new biological compounds.
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24
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Antiviral activity of seed extract from Citrus bergamia towards human retroviruses. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2084-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Piperno A, Giofrè SV, Iannazzo D, Romeo R, Romeo G, Chiacchio U, Rescifina A, Piotrowska DG. Synthesis of C-4′Truncated Phosphonated Carbocyclic 2′-Oxa-3′-azanucleosides as Antiviral Agents. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2798-805. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902485m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piperno
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Via SS. Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Via SS. Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Via SS. Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Via SS. Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Messina, Via SS. Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Dorota G. Piotrowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, Poland
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Bagossi P, Bander P, Bozóki B, Tözsér J. Discovery and significance of new human T-lymphotropic viruses: HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 7:1235-49. [PMID: 19968515 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) were discovered approximately 30 years ago and they are associated with various lymphoproliferative and neurological diseases. The estimated number of infected people is 10-20 million worldwide. In 2005, two new HTLV-1/HTLV-2-related viruses were detected, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4, from the same geographical area of Africa. In the last 4 years, their complete genomic sequences were determined and some of their characteristic features were studied in detail. These newly discovered retroviruses alongside their human (HTLV-1 and -2) and animal relatives (simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1-3) are reviewed. The potential risks associated with these viruses and the potential antiretroviral therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bagossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Sousa CAD, Vale MLC, Rodríguez-Borges JE, García-Mera X. Phosphorylation of 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene and 2-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene systems: synthesis and mechanistic study. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Preparation of isoxazolidinyl nucleoside enantiomers by lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Inhibition of cell-to-cell transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in vitro by carbohydrate-binding agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:2771-9. [PMID: 18505856 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01671-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals can be infected by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) upon cocultivation of the PBMCs with irradiated HTLV-1-transformed human MT-2 cells. This model system closely mimics HTLV-1 transmission through cell-to-cell contact. Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) such as the alpha(1,3)/alpha(1,6)mannose-specific Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin and the GlcNAc-specific Urtica dioica agglutinin, and also the small, nonpeptidic alpha(1,2)-mannose-specific antibiotic pradimicin A, were able to efficiently prevent cell-to-cell HTLV-1 transmission at nontoxic concentrations, as evidenced by the lack of appearance of virus-specific mRNA and of the viral protein Tax in the acceptor cells. Consistently, antivirally active doses of CBAs fully prevented HTLV-1-induced stimulation of PBMC growth. The inhibitory effects of CBAs on HTLV-1 transmission were also evident when HTLV-1-infected C5MJ cells were used in place of MT-2 cells as a virus donor cell line. The anti-HTLV-1 properties of the CBAs highlight the importance of the envelope glycans in events underlying HTLV-1 passage from cell to cell and indicate that CBAs should be further investigated for their potential to prevent HTLV-1 infection, including mother-to-child virus transmission by cell-to-cell contact through breast milk feeding.
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Hizi A, Herschhorn A. Retroviral reverse transcriptases (other than those of HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus): a comparison of their molecular and biochemical properties. Virus Res 2008; 134:203-20. [PMID: 18291546 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews most of the biochemical data on reverse transcriptases (RTs) of retroviruses, other than those of HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus (MLV) that are covered in detail in other reviews of this special edition devoted to reverse transcriptases. The various RTs mentioned are grouped according to their retroviral origins and include the RTs of the alpharetroviruses, lentiviruses (both primate, other than HIV-1, and non-primate lentiviruses), betaretroviruses, deltaretroviruses and spumaretroviruses. For each RT group, the processing, molecular organization as well as the enzymatic activities and biochemical properties are described. Several RTs function as dimers, primarily as heterodimers, while the others are active as monomeric proteins. The comparisons between the diverse properties of the various RTs show the common traits that characterize the RTs from all retroviral subfamilies. In addition, the unique features of the specific RTs groups are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Hizi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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