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Rizzetto G, Gambini D, Maurizi A, Molinelli E, De Simoni E, Pallotta F, Brescini L, Cirioni O, Offidani A, Simonetti O, Giacometti A. The sources of antimicrobial peptides against Gram-positives and Gramnegatives: our research experience. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2023; 31:306-322. [PMID: 37701381 PMCID: PMC10495054 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria is becoming increasingly prevalent. For this reason, the search for new molecules that can overcome current resistance and also recover antibiotics that are no longer effective is becoming increasingly urgent. Our research group at the 'Polytechnic University of Marche' managed to study the effectiveness of certain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We decided to review our experience with AMPs by classifying them according to their origin and evaluating their effect on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AMPs can derive from mammals, amphibians, microorganisms, and insects. In conclusion, our research experience shows that the richest source of AMPs are amphibians. However, the studies done are mainly in vitro or in animal models, requiring further human studies to assess the efficacy and safety of these molecules. AMPs may be a new therapeutic option for infections sustained by multi-resistant micro-organisms and for overcoming the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics currently used. In particular, combining AMPs with antibiotics, including those with limited antimicrobial activity due to antimicrobial resistance, has often shown a synergistic effect, increasing or restoring their efficacy. The possibility of using manageable and relatively safe antibiotics again is crucial, considering the widespread increase in bacterial resistance in hospitals and the community. Despite a plethora of research on AMPs and their application as potential treatment on infectious diseases, this area needs further exploration. There is evidence that the characteristics of AMPs can seriously improve through structural chemical modifications and different delivery systems to become alternatives drugs to conventional antibiotics. The aim is to provide an overview of the possible sources from which AMPs are extracted, evaluating their action exclusively on Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This is to determine, based on our experience, which might be the most promising sources of AMPs for future research as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daisy Gambini
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Maurizi
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edoardo De Simoni
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Liao F, Chen Y, Shu A, Chen X, Wang T, Jiang Y, Ma C, Zhou M, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L. A Novel Strategy for the Design of Aurein 1.2 Analogs with Enhanced Bioactivities by Conjunction of Cell-Penetrating Regions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020412. [PMID: 36830322 PMCID: PMC9952496 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The rational design modification of membrane-active peptide structures by introducing additional membrane-penetrating regions has become a good strategy for the improvement of action and potency. Aurein 1.2 (GLFDIIKKIAESF-NH2) is a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide isolated from the green and golden bell frog, Litoria aurea, and the southern bell frog Litoria raniformis skin secretions. Its bio-functionality has been widely investigated. However, its lack of a potent action failed to provide aurein 1.2 with a competitive edge for further development as a therapeutic agent for clinical use. Herein, aurein 1.2 was chosen as a template for rational modification to achieve a more potent bio-functionality. KLA-2 (GLFDIIKKLAKLAESF-NH2), which a double KLA region inserted into the sequence, presented a 2-16-fold enhancement of antimicrobial activity, a 2-8-fold greater anti-biofilm activity (including biofilm prevention and eradication), and a 7-fold more potent anti-proliferation activity and hence was regarded as the most broad-spectrum active peptide. Additionally, with respect to antimicrobial activity, the IIKK-modified analog, IK-3 (GLFDIIKKIIKKIIKKI-NH2), also demonstrated a potent enhancement of activity against various pathogens, exhibiting a 2-8-fold enhanced activity compared to the parent peptide. Moreover, the selectivities of KLA-1 and KLA-2 were enhanced significantly. In conclusion, peptide modification, through the introduction of additional membrane penetrating regions, can increase both the potency and activity spectra of natural template peptides, making them suitable candidates for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Liao
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Anmei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chengbang Ma
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (L.W.)
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Our Experience over 20 Years: Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram Positives, Gram Negatives, and Fungi. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010040. [PMID: 36678669 PMCID: PMC9862542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, and new anti-infective therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may represent potential candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. In this narrative review, we reported the experience of our research group over 20 years. We described the AMPs we evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. In conclusion, our experience shows that AMPs can be a key option for treating multiresistant infections and overcoming resistance mechanisms. The combination of AMPs allows antibiotics and antifungals that are no longer effective to exploit the synergistic effect by restoring their efficacy. A current limitation includes poor data on human patients, the cost of some AMPs, and their safety, which is why studies on humans are needed as soon as possible.
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Madanchi H, Rahmati S, Doaee Y, Sardari S, Mousavi Maleki MS, Rostamian M, Ebrahimi Kiasari R, Seyed Mousavi SJ, Ghods E, Ardakanian M. Determination of antifungal activity and action mechanism of the modified Aurein 1.2 peptide derivatives. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maron B, Rolff J, Friedman J, Hayouka Z. Antimicrobial Peptide Combination Can Hinder Resistance Evolution. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0097322. [PMID: 35862981 PMCID: PMC9430149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00973-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens are becoming a major threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new alternatives to conventional antibiotics. One such promising alternative is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are produced by virtually all organisms and typically inhibit bacteria via membrane disruption. However, previous studies demonstrated that bacteria can rapidly develop AMP resistance. Here, we study whether combination therapy, known to be able to inhibit the evolution of resistance to conventional antibiotics, can also hinder the evolution of AMP resistance. To do so, we evolved the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of individual AMPs, AMP pairs, and a combinatorial antimicrobial peptide library. Treatment with some AMP pairs indeed hindered the evolution of resistance compared with individual AMPs. In particular, resistance to pairs was delayed when resistance to the individual AMPs came at a cost of impaired bacterial growth and did not confer cross-resistance to other tested AMPs. The lowest level of resistance evolved during treatment with the combinatorial antimicrobial peptide library termed random antimicrobial peptide mixture, which contains more than a million different peptides. A better understanding of how AMP combinations affect the evolution of resistance is a crucial step in order to design "resistant proof" AMP cocktails that will offer a sustainable treatment option for antibiotic-resistant pathogens. IMPORTANCE The main insights gleaned from this study are the following. (i) AMP combination treatment can delay the evolution of resistance in S. aureus. Treatment with some AMP pairs resulted in significantly lower resistance then treatment with either of the individual AMPs. Treatment with a random AMP library resulted in no detectable resistance. (ii) The rate at which resistance to combination arises correlates with the cost of resistance to individual AMPs and their cross-resistance. In particular, combinations to which the least resistance arose involved AMPs with high fitness cost of resistance and low cross-resistance. (iii) No broad-range AMP resistance evolved. Strains that evolved resistance to some AMPs typically remained sensitive to other AMPs, alleviating concerns regarding the evolution of resistance to immune system AMPs in response to AMP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Maron
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jens Rolff
- Institute of Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Freie University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Friedman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Thankappan B, Sivakumar J, Asokan S, Ramasamy M, Pillai MM, Selvakumar R, Angayarkanni J. Dual antimicrobial and anticancer activity of a novel synthetic α-helical antimicrobial peptide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105784. [PMID: 33677023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly sought-after and researched antimicrobial agents due to its desired pharmacological properties and the continuous diminishing efficacy of antibiotics. In addition to this line of research, the aim of the present study is to determine the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of a de novo designed α-helical peptide. Circular dichroism showed 100% helical nature of the peptide in 10 mM SDS. Notably, the peptide exerted significant antimicrobial activity against the reference and antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates belonging to Pseudomonas sp. at a MIC and MBC of 2 and 8 μM, respectively. The progressive disruption and disturbance of cell membrane in the overall topography was observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 treated with the peptide as compared to untreated control. The results of time-kill kinetics showed complete lysis at 3x MIC after 50 min of incubation of the microbe with the peptide. Moreover, the peptide did not lyse human RBCs even at the highest concentration of the peptide (10 mM) and retained its activity upon treatment at 0.5 mg/ml trypsin. Cancer cell lines, viz. A549 and MCF-7 were also found to be sensitive to peptide activity showing 50% reduction in survivability at 4 and 2 μM, respectively; however, L929 cells were unaffected. Drastic membrane permeability and necrotic mode of lysis of peptide-treated-A549 cells were affirmed by propidium iodide and live/dead cell staining. The results showed that the designed peptide could be an efficient drug molecule for clinical studies subjected to successful experiments on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bency Thankappan
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jeyarajan Sivakumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Annabor, 48108, United States
| | - Sridhar Asokan
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendran Ramasamy
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mamatha M Pillai
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Angayarkanni
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramezanzadeh M, Saeedi N, Mesbahfar E, Farrokh P, Salimi F, Rezaei A. Design and characterization of new antimicrobial peptides derived from aurein 1.2 with enhanced antibacterial activity. Biochimie 2020; 181:42-51. [PMID: 33271197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternative agents for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Aurein 1.2 is a natural 13-amino acid AMP with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we designed three novel AMPs: aurein M1 (A10W), aurein M2 (D4K, E11K), and aurein M3 (A10W, D4K, E11K) to analyze the effect of Trp substitution and enhancement of positive charge on the activity of aurein 1.2. The AMP probability, physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, and amphipathic structure were predicted by various bioinformatics tools. After the synthesis of the peptides, their antibacterial activity, hemolysis, cytotoxicity, and structural analysis were assayed. Compared to the selectivity of aurein 1.2, the selectivity of aurein M2 and M3 with a net positive charge of +5 was improved 11.30- and 8.00-fold against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively. The hemolytic activity of aurein M2 was lower than that of aurein 1.2 and M3, while the higher percentage of human fibroblast cells were alive in the presence of aurein M3. Also, the MICs of aurein M3 toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the physiologic salt were ≤16, which is recommended as a promising candidate for clinical investigation. Circular dichroism analysis indicated an alpha-helical structure in the peptide analogs that is similar to aurein 1.2 in the presence of 10 mM SDS. Therefore, increasing positive charge can be used successfully as an approach for improving the potency and selectivity of AMPs. Moreover, the beneficial effect of Trp substitution depends on its position and the sequence of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Saeedi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Farrokh
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | | | - Arezou Rezaei
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran; Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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Migoń D, Jaśkiewicz M, Neubauer D, Bauer M, Sikorska E, Kamysz E, Kamysz W. Alanine Scanning Studies of the Antimicrobial Peptide Aurein 1.2. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1042-1054. [PMID: 30569430 PMCID: PMC6695355 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds widely distributed in nature that display activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Amphibian skin, as an organ rich in pharmacologically active peptides, appears to be an interesting source of novel AMPs. Aurein 1.2 (GLFDIIKKIAESF-NH2) is a short 13-residue antimicrobial peptide primarily isolated from the skin secretions of Australian bell frogs. In this study, the alanine scan of aurein 1.2 was performed to investigate the effect of each amino acid residue on its biological and physico-chemical properties. The biological studies included determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, activity against biofilm, and inhibitory effect on its formation. Moreover, the hemolytic activity as well as serum stability was determined. The hydrophobicity of peptides and their self-assembly were investigated using reversed-phase chromatography. In addition, their helicity was calculated from circular dichroism spectra. The results not only provided information on structure-activity relationship of aurein 1.2 but also gave insights into design of novel analogs of AMPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Migoń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Polpharma Biologics, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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Jaśkiewicz M, Neubauer D, Kazor K, Bartoszewska S, Kamysz W. Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Antimicrobial Peptides Against Planktonic Culture and Biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:317-324. [PMID: 30043322 PMCID: PMC6449538 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most challenging pathogens, on account of its predisposition to develop resistance leading to severe, difficult-to-treat infections. As these bacteria are more usually isolated from nosocomial infections, the new therapeutic options are demanded. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds likely to find application in the treatment of A. baumannii. These compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and were found to be effective against biofilm. In this study, eight AMPs, namely aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1., LL-37, omiganan, r-omiganan, pexiganan, and temporin A, were tested for their antimicrobial activity. A reference strain of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was used. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration. Considering the fact that the majority of A. baumannii infections are associated with mechanical ventilation and the use of indwelling devices, the activity against biofilm was assessed on both a polystyrene surface and tracheal tube fragments. In addition, cytotoxicity (HaCaT) was determined and in vitro selectivity index was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Kazor
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Poger D, Pöyry S, Mark AE. Could Cardiolipin Protect Membranes against the Action of Certain Antimicrobial Peptides? Aurein 1.2, a Case Study. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16453-16464. [PMID: 30613806 PMCID: PMC6312644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The activity of a host of antimicrobial peptides has been examined against a range of lipid bilayers mimicking bacterial and eukaryotic membranes. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms and the nature of the physicochemical properties underlying the peptide-lipid interactions that lead to membrane disruption are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the interaction of the short antimicrobial peptide aurein 1.2 was examined in the presence of an anionic cardiolipin-containing lipid bilayer using molecular dynamics simulations. Aurein 1.2 is known to interact strongly with anionic lipid membranes. In the simulations, the binding of aurein 1.2 was associated with buckling of the lipid bilayer, the degree of which varied with the peptide concentration. The simulations suggest that the intrinsic properties of cardiolipin, especially the fact that it promotes negative membrane curvature, may help protect membranes against the action of peptides such as aurein 1.2 by counteracting the tendency of the peptide to induce positive curvature in target membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Poger
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sanja Pöyry
- Department
of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, POB 692, F1-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Alan E. Mark
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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11
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Shoombuatong W, Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C. Unraveling the bioactivity of anticancer peptides as deduced from machine learning. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:734-752. [PMID: 30190664 PMCID: PMC6123611 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer imposes a global health burden as it represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality while also giving rise to significant economic burden owing to the associated expenditures for its monitoring and treatment. In spite of advancements in cancer therapy, the low success rate and recurrence of tumor has necessitated the ongoing search for new therapeutic agents. Aside from drugs based on small molecules and protein-based biopharmaceuticals, there has been an intense effort geared towards the development of peptide-based therapeutics owing to its favorable and intrinsic properties of being relatively small, highly selective, potent, safe and low in production costs. In spite of these advantages, there are several inherent weaknesses that are in need of attention in the design and development of therapeutic peptides. An abundance of data on bioactive and therapeutic peptides have been accumulated over the years and the burgeoning area of artificial intelligence has set the stage for the lucrative utilization of machine learning to make sense of these large and high-dimensional data. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art on the application of machine learning for studying the bioactivity of anticancer peptides along with future outlook of the field. Data and R codes used in the analysis herein are available on GitHub at https://github.com/Shoombuatong2527/anticancer-peptides-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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de Freitas LM, Lorenzón EN, Santos-Filho NA, Zago LHDP, Uliana MP, de Oliveira KT, Cilli EM, Fontana CR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy enhanced by the peptide aurein 1.2. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523862 PMCID: PMC5844988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the World Health Organization has been warning that the post-antibiotic era is an increasingly real threat. The rising and disseminated resistance to antibiotics made mandatory the search for new drugs and/or alternative therapies that are able to eliminate resistant microorganisms and impair the development of new forms of resistance. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and helical cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are highlighted for the treatment of localized infections. This study aimed to combine the AMP aurein 1.2 to aPDT using Enterococcus faecalis as a model strain. Our results demonstrate that the combination of aPDT with aurein 1.2 proved to be a feasible alternative capable of completely eliminating E. faecalis employing low concentrations of both PS and AMP, in comparison with the individual therapies. Aurein 1.2 is capable of enhancing the aPDT activity whenever mediated by methylene blue or chlorin-e6, but not by curcumin, revealing a PS-dependent mechanism. The combined treatment was also effective against different strains; noteworthy, it completely eliminated a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecium. Our results suggest that this combined protocol must be exploited for clinical applications in localized infections as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marise de Freitas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Campus Ville, CEP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Esteban Nicolás Lorenzón
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Campus II Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, CEP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique de Paula Zago
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Campus Ville, CEP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marciana Pierina Uliana
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Silvio Américo Sasdelli, 1842 - Vila A, Edifício Comercial Lorivo, CEP, 85866-000, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Kleber Thiago de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Araraquara, SP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, CEP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Campus Ville, CEP, 14800-903, Brazil.
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13
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Antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, and natural metabolites as novel approaches for cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 183:160-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Retro analog concept: comparative study on physico-chemical and biological properties of selected antimicrobial peptides. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1755-1771. [PMID: 28756544 PMCID: PMC5602100 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance of common pathogens urgently needs discovery of new effective molecules. Antimicrobial peptides are believed to be one of the possible solutions of this problem. One of the approaches for improvement of biological properties is reversion of the sequence (retro analog concept). This research is based on investigation of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, hemolysis of erythrocytes, interpretation of the circular dichroism spectra, measurement of counter-ion content, and assessment of the peptide hydrophobicity and self-assembly using reversed-phase chromatography. The experiments were conducted using the following peptides: aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1, omiganan, pexiganan, temporin A, and their retro analogs. Among the compounds studied, only retro omiganan showed an enhanced antimicrobial and a slightly increased hemolytic activity as compared to parent molecule. Moreover, retro pexiganan exhibited high activity towards Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas pexiganan was in general more or equally active against the rest of tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the determined activity was closely related to the peptide hydrophobicity. In general, the reduced hemolytic activity correlates with lower antimicrobial activity. The tendency to self-association and helicity fraction in SDS seems to be correlated. The normalized RP-HPLC—temperature profiles of citropin 1.1 and aurein 1.2, revealed an enhanced tendency to self-association than that of their retro analogs.
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15
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Felício MR, Silva ON, Gonçalves S, Santos NC, Franco OL. Peptides with Dual Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Front Chem 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28271058 PMCID: PMC5318463 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of people suffering from cancer and multi-resistant infections has increased, such that both diseases are already seen as current and future major causes of death. Moreover, chronic infections are one of the main causes of cancer, due to the instability in the immune system that allows cancer cells to proliferate. Likewise, the physical debility associated with cancer or with anticancer therapy itself often paves the way for opportunistic infections. It is urgent to develop new therapeutic methods, with higher efficiency and lower side effects. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in the innate immune system of a wide range of organisms. Identified as the most promising alternative to conventional molecules used nowadays against infections, some of them have been shown to have dual activity, both as antimicrobial and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Highly cationic and amphipathic, they have demonstrated efficacy against both conditions, with the number of nature-driven or synthetically designed peptides increasing year by year. With similar properties, AMPs that can also act as ACPs are viewed as future chemotherapeutic drugs, with the advantage of low propensity to resistance, which started this paradigm in the pharmaceutical market. These peptides have already been described as molecules presenting killing mechanisms at the membrane level, but also acting toward intracellular targets, which increases their success compartively to one-target specific drugs. This review will approach the desirable characteristics of small peptides that demonstrated dual activity against microbial infections and cancer, as well as the peptides engaged in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário R Felício
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Osmar N Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Sônia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom BoscoCampo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
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16
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Garbacz K, Kamysz W, Piechowicz L. Activity of antimicrobial peptides, alone or combined with conventional antibiotics, against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Virulence 2016; 8:94-100. [PMID: 27450039 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1213475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Garbacz
- a Department of Oral Microbiology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- b Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- c Department of Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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17
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Effect of dimerization on the mechanism of action of aurein 1.2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Dawgul M, Baranska-Rybak W, Piechowicz L, Bauer M, Neubauer D, Nowicki R, Kamysz W. The Antistaphylococcal Activity of Citropin 1.1 and Temporin A against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms Formed by Isolates from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: An Assessment of Their Potential to Induce Microbial Resistance Compared to Conventional Antimicrobials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E30. [PMID: 27231918 PMCID: PMC4932548 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonizes the vast majority of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Its resistance to antibiotics and ability to form biofilms are the main origins of therapeutic complications. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit strong activity against SA, including antibiotic resistant strains as well as bacteria existing in biofilm form. The purpose of the present work was to determine the antistaphylococcal activity of two amphibian peptides against SA isolated from patients with AD. The AMPs demonstrated permanent activity towards strains exposed to sublethal concentrations of the compounds and significantly stronger antibiofilm activity in comparison to that of conventional antimicrobials. The results suggest the potential application of amphibian AMPs as promising antistaphylococcal agents for the management of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dawgul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Roman Nowicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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19
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Xu X, Lai R. The chemistry and biological activities of peptides from amphibian skin secretions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1760-846. [PMID: 25594509 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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20
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Lorenzón EN, Piccoli JP, Cilli EM. Interaction between the antimicrobial peptide Aurein 1.2 dimer and mannans. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2627-31. [PMID: 25209238 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the structure and the ability of a dimeric analog of the antimicrobial peptide Aurein 1.2 to aggregate Candida albicans. In this study, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that this aggregation is related to the interaction between the peptide and mannans, the main component of yeast cell wall. In this context, we propose a model in which dimers interact with the polysaccharide leading to cells aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban N Lorenzón
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Bairro, Quitandinha, CEP 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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The interaction of aurein 2.5 with fungal membranes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:255-64. [PMID: 24728560 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aurein 2.5 (GLFDIVKKVVGAFGSL-NH2) is an antimicrobial peptide, which was seen to have activity against Stachybotris chartarum, Penicillium roseopurpureum and Aspergillus flavus with minimum fungicidal concentrations in the range 250-500 μM. S. chartarum showed enhanced susceptibility to lysis as compared to P. roseopurpureum and A. flavus, (44, 26 and 28 % respectively). Monolayers formed from lipid membrane extracts derived from S. chartarum, P. roseopurpureum and A. flavus showed maximal surface pressure changes of 13.5, 10.3 and 10.2 mN m(-1) respectively. However, aurein 2.5 adopted similar levels of α-helical structure (circa 45 %) in the presence of vesicles formed from membrane lipid extracts derived from all three fungi. These data imply that differential activity is not due to targeting and membrane association but linked to the ability of the bound peptide to lyse the cells. At sterol levels mimetic of eukaryotic systems, high levels of α-helical structure (circa 50 %) were also observed and hence similar binding. However, enhanced sterol levels (>0.6) led to a reduction in monolayer membrane interaction, suggesting that the sterols influence efficacy. Consistent with this suggestion, thermodynamic analysis showed that the peptide was able to destabilise model fungal monolayers, as indicated by negative values of ∆Gmix.
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22
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Skin Gland Morphology and Secretory Peptides in NaturalizedLitoriaSpecies in New Zealand. J HERPETOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1670/12-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Antifungal effect of CopA3 monomer peptide via membrane-active mechanism and stability to proteolysis of enantiomeric D-CopA3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:94-8. [PMID: 24041699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, coprisin, a 43-mer defensin-like peptide, was derived from the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus, and a 9-mer CopA3 (monomer), truncated coprisin analog peptide, was designed. However, the antifungal effects of CopA3 are not known yet. In this study, the antifungal activity and mechanism of CopA3 were investigated and to develop a more effective antimicrobial peptide under physiological conditions, the enantiomeric d-CopA3 was designed. l- and d-CopA3 had a similar antifungal activity without chiral selectivity, and their activity was more potent than that of melittin used as a positive control. Furthermore, l- and d-CopA3 did not even show any hemolysis against human erythrocytes. Membrane studies using propidium iodide and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol [DiBAC4(3)], suggested that the antifungal effect of l- and d-CopA3 was due to the membrane-active mechanism, by contrast with coprisin possessing apoptotic mechanism without membrane permeabilization. Finally, the proteolytic resistance and antifungal activity of l- and d-CopA3 against trypsin was analyzed by HPLC and colony count assay. The results showed that only d-CopA3 maintained a potent antifungal activity despite the proteolytic condition. Therefore, this study suggests that d-CopA3 has potential as a novel antimicrobial agent.
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24
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Dimerization of aurein 1.2: effects in structure, antimicrobial activity and aggregation of Cândida albicans cells. Amino Acids 2013; 44:1521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Bowie JH, Separovic F, Tyler MJ. Host-defense peptides of Australian anurans. Part 2. Structure, activity, mechanism of action, and evolutionary significance. Peptides 2012; 37:174-88. [PMID: 22771617 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A previous review summarized research prior to 2004 carried out on the bioactive host-defense peptides contained in the skin secretions of Australian anurans (frogs and toads). This review covers the extension of that research from 2004 to 2012, and includes membrane-active peptides (including antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal and antiviral peptides) together with the mechanisms by which these peptides interact with model membranes, peptides that may be classified as "neuropeptides" (including smooth muscle active peptides, opioids and immunomodulators) and peptides which inhibit the formation of nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase. The review discusses the outcome of cDNA sequencing of signal-spacer-active peptides from an evolutionary viewpoint, and also lists those peptides for which activities have not been found to this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Bowie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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26
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Mura M, Dennison SR, Zvelindovsky AV, Phoenix DA. Aurein 2.3 functionality is supported by oblique orientated α-helical formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:586-94. [PMID: 22960040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an amphibian antimicrobial peptide, aurein 2.3, was predicted to use oblique orientated α-helix formation in its mechanism of membrane destabilisation. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and circular dichroism (CD) experimental data suggested that aurein 2.3 exists in solution as unstructured monomers and folds to form predominantly α-helical structures in the presence of a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membrane. MD showed that the peptide was highly surface active, which supported monolayer data where the peptide induced surface pressure changes>34 mNm(-1). In the presence of a lipid membrane MD simulations suggested that under hydrophobic mismatch the peptide is seen to insert via oblique orientation with a phenylalanine residue (PHE3) playing a key role in the membrane interaction. There is evidence of snorkelling leucine residues leading to further membrane disruption and supporting the high level of lysis observed using calcein release assays (76%). Simulations performed at higher peptide/lipid ratio show peptide cooperativity is key to increased efficiency leading to pore-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mura
- Computational Physics Group and Institute for nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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27
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Activity of short lipopeptides and conventional antimicrobials against planktonic cells and biofilms formed by clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1541-51. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapy for staphylococcal skin diseases is facing several difficulties caused by the growth of biofilms and development of resistant strains. Short synthetic lipopeptides designed on the basis of antimicrobial peptide structure seem to provide an alternative to conventional therapy. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a group of lipopeptides and evaluate their antistaphylococcal activity against biofilms formed by clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The compounds exhibited a strong antibiofilm activity against all the isolates. The maturity of the biofilms has shown a well-defined influence on antimicrobial activity of conventional antimicrobials. Discussion: Results showed that the lipopeptides were promising agents as the time of the culture did not greatly affect their activity.
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28
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Lin CH, Hou RF, Shyu CL, Shia WY, Lin CF, Tu WC. In vitro activity of mastoparan-AF alone and in combination with clinically used antibiotics against multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from animals. Peptides 2012; 36:114-20. [PMID: 22561066 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of mastoparan-AF, an amphipathic antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hornet venom of Vespa affinis, alone and in combination with various clinically used antibiotics, was investigated against 21 Escherichia coli isolates/strains. Most E. coli isolates tested were detected containing multiple-antimicrobial resistance genes. Antimicrobial activity of mastoparan-AF was measured by MIC, MBC, time-kill kinetic assay and chequerboard titration method. Mastoparan-AF exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against most multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates at the concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 μg/ml. Combination studies showed that mastoparan-AF acts synergistically with certain antibiotics, i.e., cephalothin or gentamicin, against some multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. In conclusion, mastoparan-AF alone or in combination with other antibiotics could be promising as alternatives for combating multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Real-time quantitative analysis of lipid disordering by aurein 1.2 during membrane adsorption, destabilisation and lysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1977-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Ueno S, Kusaka K, Tamada Y, Zhang H, Minaba M, Kato Y. An enhancer peptide for membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptides. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:46. [PMID: 20152058 PMCID: PMC2834666 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NP4P is a synthetic peptide derived from a natural, non-antimicrobial peptide fragment (pro-region of nematode cecropin P4) by substitution of all acidic amino acid residues with amides (i.e., Glu --> Gln, and Asp --> Asn). RESULTS In the presence of NP4P, some membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptides (ASABF-alpha, polymyxin B, and nisin) killed microbes at lower concentration (e.g., 10 times lower minimum bactericidal concentration for ASABF-alpha against Staphylococcus aureus), whereas NP4P itself was not bactericidal and did not interfere with bacterial growth at CONCLUSIONS NP4P selectively enhanced the bactericidal activities of membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptides by increasing the efficacy of membrane disruption against the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ueno
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Kusaka
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tamada
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Masaomi Minaba
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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31
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Cheng JTJ, Hale JD, Elliot M, Hancock REW, Straus SK. Effect of membrane composition on antimicrobial peptides aurein 2.2 and 2.3 from Australian southern bell frogs. Biophys J 2009; 96:552-65. [PMID: 19167304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of hydrophobic thickness and the molar phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content of lipid bilayers on the structure and membrane interaction of three cationic antimicrobial peptides were examined: aurein 2.2, aurein 2.3 (almost identical to aurein 2.2, except for a point mutation at residue 13), and a carboxy C-terminal analog of aurein 2.3. Circular dichroism results indicated that all three peptides adopt an alpha-helical structure in the presence of a 3:1 molar mixture of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DMPC/DMPG), and 1:1 and 3:1 molar mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (POPC/POPG). Oriented circular dichroism data for three different lipid compositions showed that all three peptides were surface-adsorbed at low peptide concentrations, but were inserted into the membrane at higher peptide concentrations. The (31)P solid-state NMR data of the three peptides in the DMPC/DMPG and POPC/POPG bilayers showed that all three peptides significantly perturbed lipid headgroups, in a peptide or lipid composition-dependent manner. Differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that both amidated aurein peptides perturbed the overall phase structure of DMPC/DMPG bilayers, but perturbed the POPC/POPG chains less. The nature of the perturbation of DMPC/DMPG bilayers was most likely micellization, and for the POPC/POPG bilayers, distorted toroidal pores or localized membrane aggregate formation. Calcein release assay results showed that aurein peptide-induced membrane leakage was more severe in DMPC/DMPG liposomes than in POPC/POPG liposomes, and that aurein 2.2 induced higher calcein release than aurein 2.3 and aurein 2.3-COOH from 1:1 and 3:1 POPC/POPG liposomes. Finally, DiSC(3)5 assay data further delineated aurein 2.2 from the others by showing that it perturbed the lipid membranes of intact S. aureus C622 most efficiently, whereas aurein 2.3 had the same efficiency as gramicidin S, and aurein 2.3-COOH was the least efficient. Taken together, these data show that the membrane interactions of aurein peptides are affected by the hydrophobic thickness of the lipid bilayers and the PG content.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T J Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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32
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Haney EF, Hunter HN, Matsuzaki K, Vogel HJ. Solution NMR studies of amphibian antimicrobial peptides: linking structure to function? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1639-55. [PMID: 19272309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The high-resolution three-dimensional structure of an antimicrobial peptide has implications for the mechanism of its antimicrobial activity, as the conformation of the peptide provides insights into the intermolecular interactions that govern the binding to its biological target. For many cationic antimicrobial peptides the negatively charged membranes surrounding the bacterial cell appear to be a main target. In contrast to what has been found for other classes of antimicrobial peptides, solution NMR studies have revealed that in spite of the wide diversity in the amino acid sequences of amphibian antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs), they all adopt amphipathic alpha-helical structures in the presence of membrane-mimetic micelles, bicelles or organic solvent mixtures. In some cases the amphipathic AAMP structures are directly membrane-perturbing (e.g. magainin, aurein and the rana-box peptides), in other instances the peptide spontaneously passes through the membrane and acts on intracellular targets (e.g. buforin). Armed with a high-resolution structure, it is possible to relate the peptide structure to other relevant biophysical and biological data to elucidate a mechanism of action. While many linear AAMPs have significant antimicrobial activity of their own, mixtures of peptides sometimes have vastly improved antibiotic effects. Thus, synergy among antimicrobial peptides is an avenue of research that has recently attracted considerable attention. While synergistic relationships between AAMPs are well described, it is becoming increasingly evident that analyzing the intermolecular interactions between these peptides will be essential for understanding the increased antimicrobial effect. NMR structure determination of hybrid peptides composed of known antimicrobial peptides can shed light on these intricate synergistic relationships. In this work, we present the first NMR solution structure of a hybrid peptide composed of magainin 2 and PGLa bound to SDS and DPC micelles. The hybrid peptide adopts a largely helical conformation and some information regarding the inter-helix organization of this molecule is reported. The solution structure of the micelle associated MG2-PGLa hybrid peptide highlights the importance of examining structural contributions to the synergistic relationships but it also demonstrates the limitations in the resolution of the currently used solution NMR techniques for probing such interactions. Future studies of antimicrobial peptide synergy will likely require stable isotope-labeling strategies, similar to those used in NMR studies of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Haney
- Structural Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Zuo GY, Wang GC, Zhao YB, Xu GL, Hao XY, Han J, Zhao Q. Screening of Chinese medicinal plants for inhibition against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:287-290. [PMID: 18804522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbs are a valuable source of novel antibacterials in combating pathogenic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global nosocomial problem. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess in vitro anti-MRSA activity of extracts from Chinese herbs. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined in the setting of clinical MRSA isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A collection of 19 plant extracts were obtained and bioassay-guided phytochemical analysis performed. Antibacterial susceptibilities were screened for inhibitory zone and MICs/MBCs determined by serial dilution with a standardized microdilution broth methodology. 9 MRSA isolates and a standard control strain (ATCC 25923) were cultured and exposed to the plant extract and isolated compound. Vancomycin was used as a positive control agent. RESULTS All the presented 19 plants showed anti-MRSA activity with MIC of 1.25-3.07mg/ml. The most active antimicrobial plants were Dendrobenthamia capitata, Elsholtzia rugulosa, Elsholtzia blanda, Geranium strictipes and Polygonum multiflorum (MIC< or =1.43mg/ml), and betulinic acid isolated from the active ethyl acetate fraction of Dendrobenthamia capitata extract was determined with MIC/MBC values as 62.5/125.0mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Dendrobenthamia capitata, Elsholtzia rugulosa, Elsholtzia blanda, Geranium strictipesPolygonum multiflorum and betulinic acid demonstrate promising anti-MRSA potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Zuo
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming, China.
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A study on the interactions of Aurein 2.5 with bacterial membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 68:225-30. [PMID: 19056250 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aurein 2.5 (GLFDIVKKVVGAFGSL-NH(2)) is an uncharacterised antimicrobial peptide. At an air/water interface, it exhibited strong surface activity (maximal surface pressure 25mNm(-1)) and molecular areas consistent with the adoption of alpha-helical structure orientated either perpendicular (1.72nm(2)molecule(-1)) or parallel (3.6nm(2)molecule(-1)) to the interface. Aurein 2.5 was strongly antibacterial, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30microM against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The peptide induced maximal surface pressure changes of 9mNm(-1) and 5mNm(-1), respectively, in monolayers mimicking membranes of these organisms whilst compression isotherm analysis of these monolayers showed DeltaG(Mix)>0, indicating destabilisation by Aurein 2.5. These combined data suggested that toxicity of the peptide to these organisms may involve membrane invasion via the use of oblique orientated alpha-helical structure. The peptide induced strong, comparable maximal surface changes in monolayers of DOPG (7.5mNm(-1)) and DOPE monolayers (6mNm(-1)) suggesting that the membrane interactions of Aurein 2.5 were driven by amphiphilicity rather than electrostatic interaction. Based on these data, it was suggested that the differing ability of Aurein 2.5 to insert into membranes of B. subtilis and E. coli was probably related to membrane-based factors such as differences in lipid packing characteristics. The peptide was active against both sessile E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 125microM. The broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and non-specific modes of membrane action used by Aurein 2.5 suggested use as an anti-biofilm agent such as in the decontamination of medical devices.
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