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Chandarana C, Juwarwala I, Shetty S, Bose A. Peptide Drugs: Current Status and Treatment for the Treatment of Various Diseases. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:CDRR-EPUB-139826. [PMID: 38638039 DOI: 10.2174/0125899775295960240406073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptides represent a class of natural molecules with diverse physiological functions, including hormone regulation, neurotransmission, and immune modulation. In recent years, peptide-based therapeutics have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research and development due to their high specificity, efficacy, and relatively low toxicity. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of peptide drug development, highlighting the challenges faced in their formulation and delivery and the innovative strategies employed to overcome these hurdles. The review explores the wide range of applications of peptide drugs in treating various diseases, including HIV, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, chronic pain, diabetes, and cancer. Examples of FDA-approved peptide drugs and ongoing clinical trials are presented, showcasing the continuous advancements in peptide-based therapeutics across different therapeutic areas. This review underscores the promising potential of peptide drugs as targeted and effective treatments for a multitude of medical conditions, offering improved therapeutic outcomes and enhanced patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Chandarana
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli, 396230, India
| | - Isha Juwarwala
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli, 396230, India
| | - Shravi Shetty
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli, 396230, India
| | - Anushree Bose
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli, 396230, India
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2
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Larsen NW, Kostrikov S, Hansen MB, Hjørringgaard CU, Larsen NB, Andresen TL, Kristensen K. Interactions of oral permeation enhancers with lipid membranes in simulated intestinal environments. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123957. [PMID: 38430950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides is generally low. To increase peptide transport across the gastrointestinal barrier, permeation enhancers are often used. Despite their widespread use, mechanistic knowledge of permeation enhancers is limited. To address this, we here investigate the interactions of six commonly used permeation enhancers with lipid membranes in simulated intestinal environments. Specifically, we study the interactions of the permeation enhancers sodium caprate, dodecyl maltoside, sodium cholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, melittin, and penetratin with epithelial cell-like model membranes. To mimic the molecular composition of the real intestinal environment, the experiments are performed with two peptide drugs, salmon calcitonin and desB30 insulin, in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. Besides providing a comparison of the membrane interactions of the studied permeation enhancers, our results demonstrate that peptide drugs as well as intestinal-fluid components may substantially change the membrane activity of permeation enhancers. This highlights the importance of testing permeation enhancement in realistic physiological environments and carefully choosing a permeation enhancer for each individual peptide drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Wichmann Larsen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serhii Kostrikov
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Borre Hansen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia Ulrich Hjørringgaard
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Bent Larsen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Luo D, Ni X, Yang H, Feng L, Chen Z, Bai L. A comprehensive review of advanced nasal delivery: Specially insulin and calcitonin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106630. [PMID: 37949195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Peptide drugs through nasal mucous membrane, such as insulin and calcitonin have been widely used in the medical field. There are always two sides to a coin. One side, intranasal drug delivery can imitate the secretion pattern in human body, having advantages of physiological structure and convenient use. Another side, the low permeability of nasal mucosa, protease environment and clearance effect of nasal cilia hinder the intranasal absorption of peptide drugs. Researchers have taken multiple means to achieve faster therapeutic concentration, lower management dose, and fewer side effects for better nasal preparations. To improve the peptide drugs absorption, various strategies had been explored via the nasal mucosa route. In this paper, we reviewed the achievements of 18 peptide drugs in the past decade about the perspectives of the efficacy, mechanism of enhancing intranasal absorption and safety. The most studies were insulin and calcitonin. As a result, absorption enhancers, nanoparticles (NPs) and bio-adhesive system are the most widely used. Among them, chitosan (CS), cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), tight junction modulators (TJMs), soft NPs and gel/hydrogel are the most promising strategies. Moreover, two or three strategies can be combined to prepare drug vectors. In addition, spray freeze dried (SFD), self-emulsifying nano-system (SEN), and intelligent glucose reaction drug delivery system are new research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Emergency, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhaoqun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Mishima M, Sugiyama KI. Considerations for the genotoxicity assessment of middle size peptide drugs containing non-canonical amino acid residues. Genes Environ 2023; 45:36. [PMID: 38093344 PMCID: PMC10720048 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle size peptides (MSPs) have emerged as a promising new pharmaceutical modality. We are seeking the best way to assess the non-clinical safety of MSPs. CONSIDERATION The requirements for assessing the genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals differ between small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Genotoxicity tests are necessary for small molecule drugs but not for biotherapeutics. MSPs, however, share similarities with both small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Here, we describe important points to consider in assessing the genotoxicity of MSP drugs. The current standard of genotoxicity assessment for small molecules may not be entirely appropriate for MSP drugs. MSP drugs need genotoxicity assessment mostly according to the current standard of small molecule drugs. CONCLUSION We propose a few modifications to the standard test battery of genotoxicity tests, specifically, the inclusion of an in vitro gene mutation test using mammalian cells, and exclusion of (Q)SAR assessment on MSP-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mishima
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
| | - Kei-Ichi Sugiyama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Esposito S, Krick A, Pasquier O, Bonche F, Ingenito R, Magotti P, Bianchi E, Monteagudo E, Gallo M, Cicero DO, Orsatti L, Veneziano M, Caretti F, Mele R, Roversi D, Gennari N, Brasseur D, Gauzy-Lazo L, Duclos O, Mauriac C, Illiano S, Mallart S. Fatty acid acylated peptide therapeutics: discovery of omega-n oxidation of the lipid chain as a novel metabolic pathway in preclinical species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115256. [PMID: 36764268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We recently described C18 fatty acid acylated peptides as a new class of potent long-lasting single-chain RXFP1 agonists that displayed relaxin-like activities in vivo. Early pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies of these stearic acid acylated peptides revealed a relevant oxidative metabolism occurring in dog and minipig, and also seen at a lower extent in monkey and rat. Mass spectrometry combined to NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that the oxidation occurred, unexpectedly, on the stearic acid chain at ω-1, ω-2 and ω-3 positions. Structure-metabolism relationship studies on acylated analogues with different fatty acids lengths (C15-C20) showed that the extent of oxidation was higher with longer chains. The oxidized metabolites could be generated in vitro using liver microsomes and engineered bacterial CYPs. These systems were correlating poorly with in vivo metabolism observed across species; however, the results suggest that this biotransformation pathway might be catalyzed by some unknown CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Esposito
- Biodistribution, Biotransformation and Analytical Science Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alain Krick
- DMPK France, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France.
| | - Olivier Pasquier
- DMPK France, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Fabrice Bonche
- DMPK France, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Raffaele Ingenito
- Peptide Chemistry Unit, Peptides & Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Magotti
- Peptide Chemistry Unit, Peptides & Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Peptide Chemistry Unit, Peptides & Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- Biodistribution, Biotransformation and Analytical Science Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; PK/PD & Bioanalytics Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariana Gallo
- Structural Biology Unit, Computational Chemistry & Structural Biology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Orsatti
- PK/PD & Bioanalytics Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Veneziano
- PK/PD & Bioanalytics Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Caretti
- PK/PD & Bioanalytics Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mele
- Biodistribution, Biotransformation and Analytical Science Unit, Experimental Pharmacology Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Roversi
- Peptide Chemistry Unit, Peptides & Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Gennari
- High Throughput Biology & Screening, Translational Research Department, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina Km 30 600, 00 071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Brasseur
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Laurence Gauzy-Lazo
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Olivier Duclos
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Christine Mauriac
- DMPK France, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Stephane Illiano
- Investigative Toxicology, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Sergio Mallart
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1 rue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly Mazarin, France.
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Ozer I, Slezak A, Sirohi P, Li X, Zakharov N, Yao Y, Everitt JI, Spasojevic I, Craig SL, Collier JH, Campbell JE, D'Alessio DA, Chilkoti A. An injectable PEG-like conjugate forms a subcutaneous depot and enables sustained delivery of a peptide drug. Biomaterials 2023; 294:121985. [PMID: 36630826 PMCID: PMC10918641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many biologics have a short plasma half-life, and their conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used to solve this problem. However, the improvement in the plasma half-life of PEGylated drugs' is at an asymptote because the development of branched PEG has only had a modest impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Here, we developed an injectable PEG-like conjugate that forms a subcutaneous depot for the sustained delivery of biologics. The PEG-like conjugate consists of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) conjugated to exendin, a peptide drug used in the clinic to treat type 2 diabetes. The depot-forming exendin-POEGMA conjugate showed greater efficacy than a PEG conjugate of exendin as well as Bydureon, a clinically approved sustained-release formulation of exendin. The injectable depot-forming exendin-POEGMA conjugate did not elicit an immune response against the polymer, so that it remained effective and safe for long-term management of type 2 diabetes upon chronic administration. In contrast, the PEG conjugate induced an anti-PEG immune response, leading to early clearance and loss of efficacy upon repeat dosing. The exendin-POEGMA depot also showed superior long-term efficacy compared to Bydureon. Collectively, these results suggest that an injectable POEGMA conjugate of biologic drugs that forms a drug depot under the skin, providing favorable pharmacokinetic properties and sustained efficacy while remaining non-immunogenic, offers significant advantages over other commonly used drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Slezak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parul Sirohi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikita Zakharov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yunxin Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke School of Medicine, Department of Medicine-Oncology, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Luo X, Chen H, Song Y, Qin Z, Xu L, He N, Tan Y, Dessie W. Advancements, challenges and future perspectives on peptide-based drugs: Focus on antimicrobial peptides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106363. [PMID: 36529161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among other health related issues, the rising concerns on drug resistance led to look for alternative pharmaceutical drugs that are effective both against infectious and noninfectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as potential therapeutic molecule with wide range of applications. With their limitations, AMPs have gained reputable attentions in research as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This review highlighted the historical background, research trends, technological advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in the development and applications of peptide drugs. Some vital questions related with the need for pharmaceutical production, factors for the slow and steady journey, the importance of oral bioavailability, and the drug resistance possibilities of AMPs were raised and addressed accordingly. Therefore, the current study is believed to provide a profound understanding in the past and current scenarios and future directions on the therapeutic impacts of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Yannan Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yimin Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China.
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Liao J, Gan Y, Peng M, Giri M, Yang S, Gu L, Li A, Xiao R, He C, Li Y, Bai Y, Xu L, Guo S. GDF15 alleviates the progression of benign tracheobronchial stenosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inactivating fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113410. [PMID: 36336027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benign tracheobronchial stenosis (BTS) is a fatal and incurable disease. Epithelial repair and matrix reconstruction play an important role in the wound repair process. If the interstitial context is not restored and stabilized in time, it can lead to pathological fibrosis. Here we attempted to identify cytokines that are involved in promoting wound repair. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine secreted by tracheal epithelial cells, which is indispensable for the growth of epithelial cells and inhibits the overgrowth of fibroblasts. GDF15 can counteract transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ1) stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tracheal epithelial cells and inhibit fibroblast activation via the TGFβ1-SMAD2/3 pathway. In a rat model of tracheal stenosis, GDF15 supplementation alleviated the degree of tracheal stenosis. These results suggest that GDF15 prevents fibroblast hyperactivation and promotes epithelial repair in injured trachea. GDF15 may be a potential therapy to improve benign tracheobronchial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiling Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingyu Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mohan Giri
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anmao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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9
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao R, Zhang X. Advances in oral peptide drug nanoparticles for diabetes mellitus treatment. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:392-408. [PMID: 35386357 PMCID: PMC8958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide drugs play an important role in diabetes mellitus treatment. Oral administration of peptide drugs is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of its convenience and high patient compliance compared to parenteral administration routes. However, there are a series of formidable unfavorable conditions present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration, which result in the low oral bioavailability of these peptide drugs. To overcome these challenges, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to improve the oral absorption of peptide drugs due to their unique in vivo properties and high design flexibility. This review discusses the unfavorable conditions present in the GI tract and provides the corresponding strategies to overcome these challenges. The review provides a comprehensive overview on the NPs that have been constructed for oral peptide drug delivery in diabetes mellitus treatment. Finally, we will discuss the rational application and give some suggestions that can be utilized for the development of oral peptide drug NPs. Our aim is to provide a systemic and comprehensive review of oral peptide drug NPs that can overcome the challenges in GI tract for efficient treatment of diabetes mellitus. •Oral administration of peptide drugs is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus treatment •A series of formidable unfavorable conditions in gastrointestinal tract result in the low oral bioavailability of peptide drugs •Nanoparticles can improve the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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10
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Melsen PRA, Yoshisada R, Jongkees SAK. Opportunities for expanding encoded chemical diversification and improving hit enrichment in mRNA-displayed peptide libraries. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100685. [PMID: 35100479 PMCID: PMC9306583 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA‐encoded small‐molecule libraries and mRNA displayed peptide libraries both use numerically large pools of oligonucleotide‐tagged molecules to identify potential hits for protein targets. They differ dramatically, however, in the ‘drug‐likeness’ of the molecules that each can be used to discover. We give here an overview of the two techniques, comparing some advantages and disadvantages of each, and suggest areas where particularly mRNA display can benefit from adopting advances developed with DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We outline cases where chemical modification of the peptide library has already been used in mRNA display, and survey opportunities to expand this using examples from DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We also propose potential opportunities for encoding such reactions within the mRNA/cDNA tag of an mRNA‐displayed peptide library to allow a more diversity‐oriented approach to library modification. Finally, we outline alternate approaches for enriching target‐binding hits from a pooled and tagged library, and close by detailing several examples of how an adjusted mRNA‐display based approach could be used to discover new ‘drug‐like’ modified small peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy R A Melsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryoji Yoshisada
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, NETHERLANDS
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
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11
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Liu L, Yao W, Xie X, Gao J, Lu X. pH-sensitive dual drug loaded janus nanoparticles by oral delivery for multimodal analgesia. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:235. [PMID: 34362394 PMCID: PMC8348996 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the concept of “multimodal analgesia”, a novel dual drug delivery system was designed to achieve synergistic analgesia between najanajaatra venom protein (αCT) and resveratrol (Res). In order to meet the joint loading of two drugs with different physicochemical properties without affecting each other, an oral Janus nanoparticle (JNP) with a unique cavity structure and synergistic drug delivery was constructed using an improved double emulsion solvent evaporation method, and combined with low-molecular-weight chitosan/sodium alginate and PLGA to achieve its pH-responsive. Results The synthesized αCT/Res-JNPs are homogeneous in shape, with a two-compartment structure, approximately 230 nm in size, and zeta potential of 23.6 mV. Drug release assayed in vitro show that JNP was stable in simulated gastric juice (pH = 1.2) but was released in phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4). After intragastric administration in rats, PK evaluation showed that αCT/Res-JNPs could significantly improve the oral bioavailability, and the simultaneous encapsulation of the two drugs had no significant interaction on PK parameters. An obvious synergistic analgesic effects of αCT/Res-JNPs was confirmed in a spinal cord injury and acute pain model. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and single-pass intestinal perfusion model provided strong evidence that αCT/Res-JNPs could pass through intestinal epithelial cells, and the endocytosis pathway was mainly involved in the mediation and pinocytosis of reticulin. The concentrations of αCT and Res from αCT/Res-JNP in lymphatic transport were only about 8.72% and 6.08% of their blood concentrations at 1 h, respectively, which indicated that lymphatic transport in the form of JNP has limited advantages in improving the oral bioavailability of Res and αCT. Cellular uptake efficiency at 4 h was about 10–15% in Caco-2 cell lines for αCT/Res-JNP, but was reduced to 7% in Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture models due to the hindrance by the mucus layers. Approximately 12–17% of αCT/Res-JNP were transported across Caco-2/HT29-MTX/Raji monolayers. The cumulative absorption of JNP in three cell models was higher than that of free drug. Conclusions This study investigated the contribution of Janus nanoparticles in oral absorption, and provide a new perspective for oral administration and analgesic treatment of dual drug delivery system containing peptide drugs. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00974-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wendong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310018, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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12
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Luong HX, Thanh TT, Tran TH. Antimicrobial peptides - Advances in development of therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2020; 260:118407. [PMID: 32931796 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe infection is becoming a significant health problem which threaten the lives of patients and the safety and economy of society. In the way of finding new strategy, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - an important part of host defense family, emerged with tremendous potential. Up to date, huge numbers of AMPs has been investigated from both natural and synthetic sources showing not only the ability to kill microbial pathogens but also propose other benefits such as wound healing, anti-tumor, immune modulation. In this review, we describe the involvements of AMPs in biological systems and discuss the opportunity in developing AMPs for clinical applications. In the detail, their properties in antibacterial activity is followed by their application in some infection diseases and cancer. The key discussions are the approaches to improve biological activities of AMPs either by modifying chemical structure or incorporating into delivery systems. The new applications and perspectives for the future of AMPs would open the new era of their development.
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13
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Abstract
The N-capping box is a distinct helix-stabilizing motif frequently found in proteins. In this study, we examined a ruthenium-mediated intramolecular backbone to side chain macrocyclization as a rigidified mimicry of the N-capping box. Experimental data indicate that the 15-membered macrocycle formed by a hept-4-enoyl staple, which directly tethers the α-amino group of N1 residue and the α-carbon of N3 residue, is highly effective in stabilizing helical structures of short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh K Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Jokar S, Erfani M, Bavi O, Khazaei S, Sharifzadeh M, Hajiramezanali M, Beiki D, Shamloo A. Design of peptide-based inhibitor agent against amyloid-β aggregation: Molecular docking, synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104050. [PMID: 32663672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregations represents an indispensable role in appearing and progression of Alzheimer disease. β-sheet breaker peptides can be designed and modified with different amino acids in order to improve biological properties and binding affinity to the amyloid beta peptide. In the present study, three peptide sequences were designed based on the hopeful results of LIAIMA peptide and molecular docking studies were carried out onto the monomer and fibril structure of amyloid beta peptide using AutoDock Vina software. According to the obtained interactions and binding energy from docking, the best-designed peptide (d-GABA-FPLIAIMA) was chosen and synthesized in great yield (%96) via the Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. The synthesis and purity of the resulting peptide were estimated and evaluated by Mass spectroscopy and Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods, respectively. Stability studies in plasma and Thioflavin T (ThT) assay were performed in order to measure the binding affinity and in vitro aggregation inhibition of Aβ peptide. The d-GABA-FPLIAIMA peptide showed good binding energy and affinity to Aβ fibrils, high stability (more than 90%) in human serum, and a reduction of 20% in inhibition of the Aβ aggregation growth. Finally, the favorable characteristics of our newly designed peptide make it a promising candidate β-sheet breaker agent for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Jokar
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Bavi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Khazaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hajiramezanali
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Maurya NS, Kushwaha S, Mani A. Recent Advances and Computational Approaches in Peptide Drug Discovery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3358-3366. [PMID: 31544714 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190911161106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug design and development is a vast field that requires huge investment along with a long duration for providing approval to suitable drug candidates. With the advancement in the field of genomics, the information about druggable targets is being updated at a fast rate which is helpful in finding a cure for various diseases. METHODS There are certain biochemicals as well as physiological advantages of using peptide-based therapeutics. Additionally, the limitations of peptide-based drugs can be overcome by modulating the properties of peptide molecules through various biomolecular engineering techniques. Recent advances in computational approaches have been helpful in studying the effect of peptide drugs on the biomolecular targets. Receptor - ligand-based molecular docking studies have made it easy to screen compatible inhibitors against a target.Furthermore, there are simulation tools available to evaluate stability of complexes at the molecular level. Machine learning methods have added a new edge by enabling accurate prediction of therapeutic peptides. RESULTS Peptide-based drugs are expected to take over many popular drugs in the near future due to their biosafety, lower off-target binding chances and multifunctional properties. CONCLUSION This article summarises the latest developments in the field of peptide-based therapeutics related to their usage, tools, and databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Maurya
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sandeep Kushwaha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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16
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Abstract
A major barrier for drug development is ensuring molecules can access intracellular targets. This is especially true for biomolecules, which are notoriously difficult to deliver to the cytosol. Many current methods for measuring the internalization of therapeutic biomolecules are largely indirect and qualitative, and they do not offer information about subcellular localization. We recently reported a new assay, called the ChloroAlkane Penetration Assay (CAPA), that addresses some of the drawbacks of existing methods. CAPA is high-throughput, quantitative, and compartment-specific, and can be used to monitor cytosolic penetration over time and under a variety of culture conditions. We have used CAPA to investigate the cytosolic localization of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. In this chapter, we discuss the materials, protocols, and troubleshooting necessary to perform CAPA and appropriately analyze the data. We end with a discussion about the applications and limitations of CAPA, and we speculate on the potential of the assay and its variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
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17
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Migoń D, Jaśkiewicz M, Neubauer D, Bauer M, Sikorska E, Kamysz E, Kamysz W. Alanine Scanning Studies of the Antimicrobial Peptide Aurein 1.2. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1042-1054. [PMID: 30569430 PMCID: PMC6695355 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds widely distributed in nature that display activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Amphibian skin, as an organ rich in pharmacologically active peptides, appears to be an interesting source of novel AMPs. Aurein 1.2 (GLFDIIKKIAESF-NH2) is a short 13-residue antimicrobial peptide primarily isolated from the skin secretions of Australian bell frogs. In this study, the alanine scan of aurein 1.2 was performed to investigate the effect of each amino acid residue on its biological and physico-chemical properties. The biological studies included determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, activity against biofilm, and inhibitory effect on its formation. Moreover, the hemolytic activity as well as serum stability was determined. The hydrophobicity of peptides and their self-assembly were investigated using reversed-phase chromatography. In addition, their helicity was calculated from circular dichroism spectra. The results not only provided information on structure-activity relationship of aurein 1.2 but also gave insights into design of novel analogs of AMPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Migoń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Polpharma Biologics, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Nazir I, Shahzadi I, Jalil A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Hydrophobic H-bond pairing: A novel approach to improve membrane permeability. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118863. [PMID: 31765777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop hydrophobic H-bond pairs (HHPs) of leuprolide (LEU) with non-ionic surfactants to improve its membrane permeability. LEU was lipidized via hydrophobic H-bond pairing (HHP) with the sucrose esters (SEs) sucrose laurate HLB 15 (SLA-15), sucrose palmitate HLB 16 (SPA-16), sucrose stearate HLB 11 (SST-11) and sucrose stearate HLB 15 (SST-15). HHPs were evaluated regarding precipitation efficiency in water, zeta potential, log Pn-octanol/water and dissociation behavior at various pH over time. Cytotoxic potential of HHPs of LEU with SST-11 was investigated on Caco-2 cells. Subsequently, ex vivo permeation studies were carried out across freshly excised Sprague-Dawley rat intestinal mucosa. At a molar ratio of LEU to SEs of 1:≥1 a precipitation efficiency of above 50% was achieved. Zeta potential of complexes was neither influenced by the type nor the amount of added surfactants. Log Pn-octanol/water of LEU was up to 250-fold increased due to HHP utilizing SST-11. Dissociation studies showed that HHPs of LEU with SST-11 dissociate up to 20% in gastrointestinal (GI) pH conditions within 4 h. Moreover, HHPs of LEU with SST-11 exhibited no cytotoxicity. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed 2-fold improved membrane permeation of HHPs of LEU with SST-11 compared to free LEU. Findings of this study show that HHP can be considered as a promising strategy to improve membrane permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Nazir
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aamir Jalil
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Uhl P, Grundmann C, Sauter M, Storck P, Tursch A, Özbek S, Leotta K, Roth R, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Fidelj V, Kleist C, Cullis PR, Fricker G, Mier W. Coating of PLA-nanoparticles with cyclic, arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides enables oral delivery of liraglutide. Nanomedicine 2019; 24:102132. [PMID: 31783138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Until today, the oral delivery of peptide drugs is hampered due to their instability in the gastrointestinal tract and low mucosal penetration. To overcome these hurdles, PLA (polylactide acid)-nanoparticles were coated with a cyclic, polyarginine-rich, cell penetrating peptide (cyclic R9-CPP). These surface-modified nanoparticles showed a size and polydispersity index comparable to standard PLA-nanoparticles. The zeta potential showed a significant increase indicating successful CPP-coupling to the surface of the nanoparticles. Cryo-EM micrographs confirmed the appropriate size and morphology of the modified nanoparticles. A high encapsulation efficiency of liraglutide could be achieved. In vitro tests using Caco-2 cells showed high viability indicating the tolerability of this novel formulation. A strongly enhanced mucosal binding and penetration was demonstrated by a Caco-2 binding and uptake assay. In Wistar rats, the novel nanoparticles showed a substantial, 4.5-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of liraglutide revealing great potential for the oral delivery of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uhl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Grundmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Sauter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Storck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tursch
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Özbek
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Leotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Roth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Witzigmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - V Fidelj
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
During the last three decades or so, many efforts have been made to study the protein cleavage sites by some disease-causing enzyme, such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus main proteinase. It has become increasingly clear via this minireview that the motivation driving the aforementioned studies is quite wise, and that the results acquired through these studies are very rewarding, particularly for developing peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chen Chou
- Gordon Life Science Institute, Boston, MA 02478, United States; Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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21
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Jaśkiewicz M, Neubauer D, Kazor K, Bartoszewska S, Kamysz W. Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Antimicrobial Peptides Against Planktonic Culture and Biofilm of Acinetobacter baumannii. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:317-324. [PMID: 30043322 PMCID: PMC6449538 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most challenging pathogens, on account of its predisposition to develop resistance leading to severe, difficult-to-treat infections. As these bacteria are more usually isolated from nosocomial infections, the new therapeutic options are demanded. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds likely to find application in the treatment of A. baumannii. These compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and were found to be effective against biofilm. In this study, eight AMPs, namely aurein 1.2, CAMEL, citropin 1.1., LL-37, omiganan, r-omiganan, pexiganan, and temporin A, were tested for their antimicrobial activity. A reference strain of A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was used. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration. Considering the fact that the majority of A. baumannii infections are associated with mechanical ventilation and the use of indwelling devices, the activity against biofilm was assessed on both a polystyrene surface and tracheal tube fragments. In addition, cytotoxicity (HaCaT) was determined and in vitro selectivity index was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Kazor
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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22
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Rehmani S, Dixon JE. Oral delivery of anti-diabetes therapeutics using cell penetrating and transcytosing peptide strategies. Peptides 2018; 100:24-35. [PMID: 29412825 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery of insulin and other anti-diabetic peptides is inhibited by low intestinal absorption caused by the poor permeability across cellular membranes and the susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been investigated for a number of years as oral absorption enhancers for hydrophilic macromolecules by electrostatic or covalent conjugation on in conjunction with nanotechnology. Endogenous cellular uptake mechanisms present in the intestine can be exploited by engineering peptide conjugates that transcytose; entering cells by endocytosis and leaving by exocytosis. Efficiently delivering hydrophilic and sensitive peptide drugs to safely transverse the digestive barrier with no effect on gut physiology using remains a key driver for formulation research. Here we review the use of CPP and transcytosis peptide approaches, their modification and use in delivering anti-diabetic peptides (with the primary example of Insulin and engineered homologues) by direct oral administration to treat diabetes and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrish Rehmani
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James E Dixon
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, and Modelling (STEM), Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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23
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates for anti-infective pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, because of their low proteolytic and chemical stability, their usage is generally narrowed down to topical formulations. Until now, numerous approaches to increase peptide stability have been proposed. One of them, peptide hydrocarbon stapling, a modification based on stabilizing peptide secondary structure with a side-chain covalent hydrocarbon bridge, have been successfully applied to many peptides. Moreover, constraining secondary structure of peptides have also been proven to increase their biological activity. This review article describes studies on hydrocarbon stapled antimicrobial peptides with respect to improved drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Migoń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Polpharma Biologics, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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Collado Camps E, Brock R. An opportunistic route to success: Towards a change of paradigm to fully exploit the potential of cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2780-2787. [PMID: 29157727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
About 25years ago it was demonstrated that certain peptides possess the ability to cross the plasma membrane. This led to the development of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as vectors to mediate the cellular entry of (macro-)molecules that do not show cell entry by themselves. Nonetheless, in spite of an early bloom of promising pre-clinical studies, not a single CPP-based drug has been approved, yet. It is a paradigm in CPP research that the peptides are taken up by virtually all cells. In exploratory research and early preclinical development, this assumption guides the choice of the therapeutic target. However, while this indiscriminatory uptake may be the case for tissue culture experiments, in an organism this is clearly not the case. Biodistribution analyses demonstrate that CPPs only target a very limited number of cells and many tissues are hardly reached at all. Here, we review biodistribution analyses of CPPs and CPP-based drug delivery systems. Based on this analysis we propose a paradigm change towards a more opportunistic approach in CPP research. The application of CPPs should focus on those pathophysiologies for which the relevant target cells have been shown to be reached in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Collado Camps
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lundquist P, Artursson P. Oral absorption of peptides and nanoparticles across the human intestine: Opportunities, limitations and studies in human tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:256-276. [PMID: 27496705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we review the molecular and physiological barriers to oral delivery of peptides and nanoparticles. We discuss the opportunities and predictivity of various in vitro systems with special emphasis on human intestine in Ussing chambers. First, the molecular constraints to peptide absorption are discussed. Then the physiological barriers to peptide delivery are examined. These include the gastric and intestinal environment, the mucus barrier, tight junctions between epithelial cells, the enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium, and the subepithelial tissue. Recent data from human proteome studies are used to provide information about the protein expression profiles of the different physiological barriers to peptide and nanoparticle absorption. Strategies that have been employed to increase peptide absorption across each of the barriers are discussed. Special consideration is given to attempts at utilizing endogenous transcytotic pathways. To reliably translate in vitro data on peptide or nanoparticle permeability to the in vivo situation in a human subject, the in vitro experimental system needs to realistically capture the central aspects of the mentioned barriers. Therefore, characteristics of common in vitro cell culture systems are discussed and compared to those of human intestinal tissues. Attempts to use the cell and tissue models for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lundquist
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Abstract
In the study of peptide quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), a new descriptor of amino acids (SVGER) was calculated. It was applied in two peptides which are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and bitter tasting threshold of di-peptide. QSAR models were built by stepwise multiple regression-multiple linear regression (SMR-MLR) and stepwise multiple regression-partial least square regression (SMR-PLS). In the SMR-MLR models for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, the squared cross-validation correlation coefficient (QLOO2 ) was 0.907, squared correlation coefficient between predicted and observed activities (Rcum2 ) was 0.977 and external multiple correlation coefficient (Qext2 ) was 0.867. The corresponding data for the bitter tasting threshold of di-peptide were 0.802, 0.966, 0.719. While in the SMR-PLS model, QLOO2 , Rcum2 and Qext2 were 0.804, 0.915, 0.858 for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and 0.782, 0.881, 0.747 for bitter tasting threshold of di-peptide. Our results showed that descriptor SVGER can afford good account of relationships between activity and structure of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tong
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Min Bai
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Kangnan Li
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, PR China
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Shu Y, Lang JC, Breitbach ZS, Qiu H, Smuts JP, Kiyono-Shimobe M, Yasuda M, Armstrong DW. Separation of therapeutic peptides with cyclofructan and glycopeptide based columns in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:50-61. [PMID: 25773727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three cyclofructan-based, two glycopeptide-based, and one zwitterionic column used in the HILIC mode were assessed within a graphical framework based on different functional characteristics contributing to selectivity. The characteristics of these six HILIC columns are put in the perspective of 33 columns evaluated previously. The isopropyl carbamate modified cyclofructan 6 (CF6) stationary phase, Larihc P, showed reduced component contributions for hydrophilicity and hydrogen bonding relative to the native cyclofructan 6 column (Frulic N). Both Frulic N and Larihc P exhibited cation exchange attributed primarily to deprotonation of residual unsubstituted silica with the greater exchange ascribed to the reduced loading of CF6 observed for Larihc P. The cyclofructan 6 column with a polymeric styrene divinylbenzene support (MCI GEL™ CRS100) showed distinct selectivities consistent with its decreased cation exchange attributable to its nonionic core. The Chirobiotic T, Chirobiotic V, and ZI-DPPS columns displayed hydrophilicity and ion exchange selectivities similar to other zwitterionic stationary phases. All of the more hydrophilic columns showed excellent separation for the four classes of therapeutic peptides investigated: microbial secondary metabolites used as immune suppressants, synthetic gonadotropin hormones, synthetic cyclic disulfide-linked hormone-regulating hormones, and non-ribosomally derived polycyclic antibiotics. Resolution provided by these columns and ZIC-HILIC is compared for each class of peptide. Frulic N is primarily suitable for use in the HILIC mode whereas Chirobiotic T, because of its increased efficiency and selectivity, can be useful in both HILIC and reverse phase modes. In some Chirobiotic T applications, addition of low levels of a strong additive (trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, etc.) to the mobile phase can be beneficial. In these peptide analyses, a relative weakening of the often-dominant ionic interaction between analyte and residual charge on the stationary phase improved resolution and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110189, China
| | - John C Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Haixiao Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jonathan P Smuts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Mayumi Kiyono-Shimobe
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1-1-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Mari Yasuda
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1-1-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Bavec A. (Poly)peptide-based therapy for diabetes mellitus: insulins versus incretins. Life Sci 2014; 99:7-13. [PMID: 24412390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin therapy remains the standard of care for achieving and maintaining adequate glycemic control, especially in hospitalized patients with critical and noncritical illnesses. Insulin therapy is more effective against elevated fasting glycaemia but less in the reduction of postprandial hyperglycaemia. It is associated with a high incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Contrary, GLP-1 mimetic therapy improves postprandial glycaemia without the hypoglycaemia and weight gain associated with aggressive insulin therapy. Moreover, it has the potential to reduce cardiovascular related morbidity. However, its increased immunogenicity and severe gastrointestinal adverse effects present a huge burden on patients. Thus, a right combination of basal insulin which has lowering effect on fasting plasma glucose and GLP-1 mimetic with its lowering effect on postprandial plasma glucose with minimal gastrointestinal adverse effects, seems the right therapy choice from a clinical point of view for some diabetic patients. In this article, we discuss the pros and cons of the use of insulin analogues and GLP-1 mimetics that are associated with the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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