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Umumararungu T, Nkuranga JB, Habarurema G, Nyandwi JB, Mukazayire MJ, Mukiza J, Muganga R, Hahirwa I, Mpenda M, Katembezi AN, Olawode EO, Kayitare E, Kayumba PC. Recent developments in antimalarial drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117339. [PMID: 37236020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although malaria remains a big burden to many countries that it threatens their socio-economic stability, particularly in the countries where malaria is endemic, there have been great efforts to eradicate this disease with both successes and failures. For example, there has been a great improvement in malaria prevention and treatment methods with a net reduction in infection and mortality rates. However, the disease remains a global threat in terms of the number of people affected because it is one of the infectious diseases that has the highest prevalence rate, especially in Africa where the deadly Plasmodium falciparum is still widely spread. Methods to fight malaria are being diversified, including the use of mosquito nets, the target candidate profiles (TCPs) and target product profiles (TPPs) of medicine for malarial venture (MMV) strategy, the search for newer and potent drugs that could reverse chloroquine resistance, and the use of adjuvants such as rosiglitazone and sevuparin. Although these adjuvants have no antiplasmodial activity, they can help to alleviate the effects which result from plasmodium invasion such as cytoadherence. The list of new antimalarial drugs under development is long, including the out of ordinary new drugs MMV048, CDRI-97/78 and INE963 from South Africa, India and Novartis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théoneste Umumararungu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
| | - Jean Bosco Nkuranga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Gratien Habarurema
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Jean Baptiste Nyandwi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Department of Mathematical Science and Physical Education, School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Raymond Muganga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Innocent Hahirwa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Matabishi Mpenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Alain Nyirimigabo Katembezi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Oladayo Olawode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N Miami Ave #1, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Egide Kayitare
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Pierre Claver Kayumba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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El Rhabori S, El Aissouq A, Chtita S, Khalil F. QSAR, molecular docking and ADMET studies of quinoline, isoquinoline and quinazoline derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Dassonville-Klimpt A, Schneider J, Damiani C, Tisnerat C, Cohen A, Azas N, Marchivie M, Guillon J, Mullié C, Agnamey P, Totet A, Dormoi J, Taudon N, Pradines B, Sonnet P. Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel aminoalcohol quinolines with strong in vitro antimalarial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113981. [PMID: 34782182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the fifth most lethal parasitic infections in the world. Herein, five new series of aminoalcohol quinolines including fifty-two compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Pf3D7 and PfW2 strains. Among them, fourteen displayed IC50 values below or near of 50.0 nM whatever the strain with selectivity index often superior to 100.17b was found as a promising antimalarial candidate with IC50 values of 14.9 nM and 11.0 nM against respectively Pf3D7 and PfW2 and a selectivity index higher than 770 whatever the cell line is. Further experiments were achieved to confirm the safety and to establish the preliminary ADMET profile of compound 17b before the in vivo study performed on a mouse model of P. berghei ANKA infection. The overall data of this study allowed to establish new structure-activity relationships and the development of novel agents with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dassonville-Klimpt
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France.
| | - J Schneider
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - C Damiani
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - C Tisnerat
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - A Cohen
- Université Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - N Azas
- Université Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Marchivie
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F- 33600 Pessac, France
| | - J Guillon
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire ARNA, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Laboratoire ARNA, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Mullié
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - P Agnamey
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - Anne Totet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France
| | - J Dormoi
- Unité parasitologie et entomologie, Département de microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - N Taudon
- Unité de Développements Analytiques et Bioanalyse, IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - B Pradines
- Unité parasitologie et entomologie, Département de microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre national de référence du paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - P Sonnet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens, UR, 4294, France.
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Agnello S, Brand M, Chellat MF, Gazzola S, Riedl R. A Structural View on Medicinal Chemistry Strategies against Drug Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3300-3345. [PMID: 29846032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The natural phenomenon of drug resistance is a widespread issue that hampers the performance of drugs in many major clinical indications. Antibacterial and antifungal drugs are affected, as well as compounds for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, or parasitic diseases. Despite the very diverse set of biological targets and organisms involved in the development of drug resistance, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been identified to understand the emergence of resistance and to overcome this detrimental process. Detailed structural information on the root causes for drug resistance is nowadays frequently available, so next-generation drugs can be designed that are anticipated to suffer less from resistance. This knowledge-based approach is essential for fighting the inevitable occurrence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Agnello
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brand
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu F Chellat
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Agnello S, Brand M, Chellat MF, Gazzola S, Riedl R. Eine strukturelle Evaluierung medizinalchemischer Strategien gegen Wirkstoffresistenzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Agnello
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie; FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Michael Brand
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie; FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Mathieu F. Chellat
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie; FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie; FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
| | - Rainer Riedl
- Institut für Chemie und Biotechnologie; FS Organische Chemie und Medizinalchemie; Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW); Einsiedlerstrasse 31 CH-8820 Wädenswil Schweiz
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Mengue JB, Held J, Kreidenweiss A. AQ-13 - an investigational antimalarial drug. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:217-222. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1560419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Boex Mengue
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen,
Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen,
Germany
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen,
Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
Lambaréné, Gabon
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Novel amodiaquine derivatives potently inhibit Ebola virus infection. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:175-182. [PMID: 30395872 PMCID: PMC6374029 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe disease caused by highly pathogenic Ebolaviruses. Although it shows a high mortality rate in humans, currently there is no licensed therapeutic. During the recent epidemic in West Africa, it was demonstrated that administration of antimalarial medication containing amodiaquine significantly lowered mortality rate of patients infected with the virus. Here, in order to improve its antiviral activity, a series of amodiaquine derivatives were synthesized and tested for Ebola virus infection. We found that multiple compounds were more potent than amodiaquine. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the two independent parts, which are the alkyl chains extending from the aminomethyl group and a halogen bonded to the quinoline ring, were keys for enhancing antiviral potency without increasing toxicity. When these modifications were combined, the antiviral efficacy could be further improved with the selectivity indexes being over 10-times higher than amodiaquine. Mechanistic evaluation demonstrated that the potent derivatives blocked host cell entry of Ebola virus, like the parental amodiaquine. Taken together, our work identified novel potent amodiaquine derivatives, which will aid in further development of effective antiviral therapeutics. Most drugs with potential for repurposing, have weak activity for the new indication. Each needs development through medicinal chemistry to yield more potent treatments. Amodiaquine has weak anti-filoviral activity. 69 derivatives were made and evaluated for higher potency. A structure-activity relationship showed 2 important features when combined gave 8-fold enhancement and low cytotoxicity. Mechanism of inhibition was identified as blocking uptake of the virus and release from the endosome trafficking pathway.
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Adamantane amine-linked chloroquinoline derivatives as chloroquine resistance modulating agents in Plasmodium falciparum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1287-1291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Faist J, Hinteregger C, Seebacher W, Saf R, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Weis R. New derivatives of 7-chloroquinolin-4-amine with antiprotozoal activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:941-948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carvalho RC, Martins WA, Silva TP, Kaiser CR, Bastos MM, Pinheiro LC, Krettli AU, Boechat N. New pentasubstituted pyrrole hybrid atorvastatin–quinoline derivatives with antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1881-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Srinivasarao K, Agarwal P, Srivastava K, Haq W, Puri SK, Katti SB. Design, synthesis, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of 4-aminoquinolines containing modified amino acid conjugates. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kondaparla S, Soni A, Manhas A, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of new 4-aminoquinolines active against drug resistant strains. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have synthesized a new class of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives and bioevaluated them for antimalarial activity against theP. falciparum in vitro(3D7 & K1) andP. yoelii in vivo(N-67 strain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Kondaparla
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Parasitology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Ashan Manhas
- Parasitology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Parasitology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - S. B. Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
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Gomes A, Machado M, Lobo L, Nogueira F, Prudêncio M, Teixeira C, Gomes P. N-Cinnamoylation of Antimalarial Classics: Effects of Using Acyl Groups Other than Cinnamoyl toward Dual-Stage Antimalarials. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1344-9. [PMID: 26038181 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a follow-up study to our reports of N-cinnamoylated chloroquine and quinacrine analogues as promising dual-stage antimalarial leads with high in vitro potency against both blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and liver-stage Plasmodium berghei, we decided to investigate the effect of replacing the cinnamoyl moiety with other acyl groups. Thus, a series of N-acylated analogues were synthesized, and their activities against blood- and liver-stage Plasmodium spp. were assessed along with their in vitro cytotoxicities. Although the new N-acylated analogues were found to be somewhat less active and more cytotoxic than their N-cinnamoylated counterparts, they equally displayed nanomolar activities in vitro against blood-stage drug-sensitive and drug-resistant P. falciparum, and significant in vitro liver-stage activity against P. berghei. Therefore, it is demonstrated that simple N-acylated surrogates of classical antimalarial drugs are promising dual-stage antimalarial leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal)
| | - Marta Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Lis Lobo
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal).
| | - Paula Gomes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal).
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de Souza NB, Carmo AML, da Silva AD, França TCC, Krettli AU. Antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine analogs against chloroquine-resistant parasites, docking studies and mechanisms of drug action. Malar J 2014; 13:469. [PMID: 25440372 PMCID: PMC4265395 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the threat of resistance of human malaria parasites, including to artemisinin derivatives, new agents are needed. Chloroquine (CQ) has been the most widely used anti-malarial, and new analogs (CQAns) presenting alkynes and side chain variations with high antiplasmodial activity were evaluated. METHODS Six diaminealkyne and diaminedialkyne CQAns were evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-R) (W2) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-S) (3D7) Plasmodium falciparum parasites in culture. Drug cytotoxicity to a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) evaluated, allowed to calculate the drug selectivity index (SI), a ratio of drug toxicity to activity in vitro. The CQAns were re-evaluated against CQ-resistant and -sensitive P. berghei parasites in mice using the suppressive test. Docking studies with the CQAns and the human (HssLDH) or plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzymes, and, a β-haematin formation assay were performed using a lipid as a catalyst to promote crystallization in vitro. RESULTS All tested CQAns were highly active against CQ-R P. falciparum parasites, exhibiting half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values below 1 μΜ. CQAn33 and CQAn37 had the highest SIs. Docking studies revealed the best conformation of CQAn33 inside the binding pocket of PfLDH; specificity between the residues involved in H-bonds of the PfLDH with CQAn37. CQAn33 and CQAn37 were also shown to be weak inhibitors of PfLDH. CQAn33 and CQAn37 inhibited β-haematin formation with either a similar or a 2-fold higher IC(50) value, respectively, compared with CQ. CQAn37 was active in mice with P. berghei, reducing parasitaemia by 100%. CQAn33, -39 and -45 also inhibited CQ-resistant P. berghei parasites in mice, whereas high doses of CQ were inactive. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an alkyne group and the size of the side chain affected anti-P. falciparum activity in vitro. Docking studies suggested a mechanism of action other than PfLDH inhibition. The β-haematin assay suggested the presence of an additional mechanism of action of CQAn33 and CQAn37. Tests with CQAn34, CQAn37, CQAn39 and CQAn45 confirmed previous results against P. berghei malaria in mice, and CQAn33, 39 and 45 were active against CQ-resistant parasites, but CQAn28 and CQAn34 were not. The result likely reflects structure-activity relationships related to the resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolli B de Souza
- />Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002 MG Brazil
| | - Arturene ML Carmo
- />Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 MG Brazil
| | - Adilson D da Silva
- />Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 MG Brazil
| | - Tanos CC França
- />Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular Aplicada à Defesa Química e Biológica, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270 RJ Brazil
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- />Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002 MG Brazil
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Teixeira C, Vale N, Pérez B, Gomes A, Gomes JRB, Gomes P. "Recycling" classical drugs for malaria. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11164-220. [PMID: 25329927 DOI: 10.1021/cr500123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Pérez
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José R B Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Paulo A, Figueiras M, Machado M, Charneira C, Lavrado J, Santos SA, Lopes D, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Nogueira F, Moreira R. Bis-alkylamine Indolo[3,2-b]quinolines as Hemozoin Ligands: Implications for Antimalarial Cytostatic and Cytocidal Activities. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3295-313. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paulo
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Figueiras
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Machado
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Charneira
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Lavrado
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Santos
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dinora Lopes
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department
of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department
of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Miura T, Hidaka K, Azai Y, Kashimoto K, Kawasaki Y, Chen SE, de Freitas RF, Freire E, Kiso Y. Optimization of plasmepsin inhibitor by focusing on similar structural feature with chloroquine to avoid drug-resistant mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1698-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Parshikov IA, Silva EO, Furtado NAJC. Transformation of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1497-506. [PMID: 24352731 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds include many drugs and compounds that may be used as synthons for the synthesis of other pharmacologically active substances. The need for new derivatives of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles for organic synthesis, biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, including optically active derivatives, has increased interest in microbial synthesis. This review provides an overview of microbial technologies that can be valuable to produce new derivatives of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including hydroxylated derivatives. The chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity of microbial processes can be indispensable for the synthesis of new compounds. Microbial processes carried out with fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Cunninghamella verticillata, Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacteria, including Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp. and Rhodococcus erythropolis, biotransform many substrates efficiently. Among the biological activities of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are antimicrobial, antitumor, antihypertensive and anti-HIV activities; some derivatives are effective for the treatment and prevention of malaria and trypanosomiasis, and others are potent glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Parshikov
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia,
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19
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Squaric acid/4-aminoquinoline conjugates: Novel potent antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Synthesis, in vitro antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities of a series of quinoline–ferrocene hybrids. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Andayi WA, Egan TJ, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Chibale K. Synthesis, Antiplasmodial Activity, and β-Hematin Inhibition of Hydroxypyridone-Chloroquine Hybrids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:642-6. [PMID: 24900724 PMCID: PMC4027233 DOI: 10.1021/ml4001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of noncytotoxic 4-aminoquinoline-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one hybrids were synthesized on the basis of a synergistic in vitro combination of a precursor N-alkyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one with chloroquine (CQ) and tested in vitro against CQ resistant (K1 and W2) and sensitive (3D7) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of the precursors was negated by blocking the chelator moiety via complexation with gallium(III) or benzyl protection. None of the precursors inhibited β-hematin formation. Most hybrids were more potent inhibitors of β-hematin formation than CQ, and a correlation between antiplasmodial activity and inhibition of β-hematin formation was observed. Potent hybrids against K1, 3D7, and W2, respectively, were 8c (0.13, 0.004, and 0.1 μM); 8d (0.08, 0.01, and 0.02 μM); and 7g (0.07, 0.03, and 0.08 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A. Andayi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and
Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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22
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Okada E, Ota N, Hatakenaka M, Ashida T. A Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Chloroquine Analogues Starting from 7-Chloro-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)quinoline Using Nucleophilic N-N, N-S, and N-O Exchange Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Aguiar ACC, Rocha EMMD, Souza NBD, França TCC, Krettli AU. New approaches in antimalarial drug discovery and development: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:831-45. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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24
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PfCRT and its role in antimalarial drug resistance. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:504-14. [PMID: 23020971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine, the former gold standard antimalarial drug, is mediated primarily by mutant forms of the chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT). These mutations impart upon PfCRT the ability to efflux chloroquine from the intracellular digestive vacuole, the site of drug action. Recent studies reveal that PfCRT variants can also affect parasite fitness, protect immature gametocytes against chloroquine action, and alter P. falciparum susceptibility to current first-line therapies. These results highlight the need to be vigilant in screening for the appearance of novel pfcrt alleles that could contribute to new multi-drug resistance phenotypes.
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25
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Novel 4-aminoquinoline analogs highly active against the blood and sexual stages of Plasmodium in vivo and in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:4685-92. [PMID: 22710117 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01061-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New drugs to treat malaria must act rapidly and be highly potent against asexual blood stages, well tolerated, and affordable to residents of regions of endemicity. This was the case with chloroquine (CQ), a 4-aminoquinoline drug used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. However, since the 1960s, Plasmodium falciparum resistance to this drug has spread globally, and more recently, emerging resistance to CQ by Plasmodium vivax threatens the health of 70 to 320 million people annually. Despite the emergence of CQ resistance, synthetic quinoline derivatives remain validated leads for new drug discovery, especially if they are effective against CQ-resistant strains of malaria. In this study, we investigated the activities of two novel 4-aminoquinoline derivatives, TDR 58845, N(1)-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-yl)-2-methyl-propane-1,2-diamine, and TDR 58846, N(1)-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-yl)-2,N(2),N(2)-trimethylpropane-1,2-diamine and found them to be active against P. falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo. The P. falciparum clones and isolates tested were susceptible to TDR 58845 and TDR 58846 (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC(50)s] ranging from 5.52 to 89.8 nM), including the CQ-resistant reference clone W2 and two multidrug-resistant parasites recently isolated from Thailand and Cambodia. Moreover, these 4-aminoquinolines were active against early and late P. falciparum gametocyte stages and cured BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei. TDR 58845 and TDR 58846 at 40 mg/kg were sufficient to cure mice, and total doses of 480 mg/kg of body weight were well tolerated. Our findings suggest these novel 4-aminoquinolines should be considered for development as potent antimalarials that can be used in combination to treat multidrug-resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax.
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26
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Summers RL, Nash MN, Martin RE. Know your enemy: understanding the role of PfCRT in drug resistance could lead to new antimalarial tactics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1967-95. [PMID: 22286067 PMCID: PMC11115045 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of malaria is heavily dependent on antimalarial drugs. However, beginning with the emergence of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites 50 years ago, efforts to control the disease have been thwarted by failed or failing drugs. Mutations in the parasite's 'chloroquine resistance transporter' (PfCRT) are the primary cause of CQ resistance. Furthermore, changes in PfCRT (and in several other transport proteins) are associated with decreases or increases in the parasite's susceptibility to a number of other antimalarial drugs. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of CQ resistance and discuss these in the broader context of the parasite's susceptibilities to other quinolines and related drugs. We suggest that PfCRT can be viewed both as a 'multidrug-resistance carrier' and as a drug target, and that the quinoline-resistance mechanism is a potential 'Achilles' heel' of the parasite. We examine a number of the antimalarial strategies currently undergoing development that are designed to exploit the resistance mechanism, including relatively simple measures, such as alternative CQ dosages, as well as new drugs that either circumvent the resistance mechanism or target it directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Summers
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Megan N. Nash
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Rowena E. Martin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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27
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Saquinavir inhibits the malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2283-9. [PMID: 22354298 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00166-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiretroviral protease inhibitors (APIs) ritonavir, saquinavir, and lopinavir, used to treat HIV infection, inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum at clinically relevant concentrations. Moreover, it has been reported that these APIs potentiate the activity of chloroquine (CQ) against this parasite in vitro. The mechanism underlying this effect is not understood, but the degree of chemosensitization varies between the different APIs and, with the exception of ritonavir, appears to be dependent on the parasite exhibiting a CQ-resistant phenotype. Here we report a study of the role of the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) in the interaction between CQ and APIs, using transgenic parasites expressing different PfCRT alleles and using the Xenopus laevis oocyte system for the heterologous expression of PfCRT. Our data demonstrate that saquinavir behaves as a CQ resistance reverser and that this explains, at least in part, its ability to enhance the effects of CQ in CQ-resistant P. falciparum parasites.
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