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Pereira THR, de Moura TR, Santos MRM, Zamarioli LDS, Erustes AG, Smaili SS, Pereira GJS, Godoy Netto AVD, Bincoletto C. Palladium (II) compounds containing oximes as promising antitumor agents for the treatment of osteosarcoma: An in vitro and in vivo comparative study with cisplatin. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116034. [PMID: 38103541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance, evasion of cell death and metastasis are factors that contribute to the low cure rate and disease-free survival in osteosarcomas (OS). In this study, we demonstrated that a new class of oxime-containing organometallic complexes called Pd-BPO (O3) and Pd-BMO (O4) are more cytotoxic than cisplatin (CDDP) for SaOS-2 and U2OS cells using the MTT assay. Annexin-FITC/7-AAD staining demonstrated a greater potential for palladium-oxime complexes to induce death in SaOS-2 cells than CDDP, an event confirmed using the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Compared to CDDP, only palladium-oxime complexes eradicated the clonogenicity of SaOS-2 cells after 7 days of treatment. The involvement of the lysosome-mitochondria axis in the cell death-inducing properties of the complexes was also evaluated. Using LysoTracker Red to label the acidic organelles of SaOS-2 cells treated with the O3 and O4 complexes, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of this probe was observed in relation to CDDP and the control. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) was also induced by the O3 and O4 complexes in an assay using acridine orange (A/O). The greater efficiency of the complexes in depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane compared to SaOS-2 cells treated with CDDP was also observed using TMRE (tetramethyl rhodamine, ethyl ester). For in vivo studies, C. elegans was used and demonstrated that both complexes reduce body bends and pharyngeal pumping after 24 h of treatment to the same extent as CDDP. We conclude that both palladium-oxime complexes are more effective than CDDP in inducing tumor cell death. The toxicity of these complexes to C. elegans was like that induced by CDDP. These results encourage preclinical studies aimed at developing more effective drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). Furthermore, we propose palladium-oxime complexes as a new class of antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Hebert Regiani Pereira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Rosana Maia Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dos Santos Zamarioli
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adolfo G Erustes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Nieto-Meneses R, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Nogueda-Torres B, López-Villegas EO, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Matadamas-Martínez F, Yépez-Mulia L. Characterization of the Effect of N-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1 H-benzimidazol-2-amine, Compound 8, against Leishmania mexicana and Its In Vivo Leishmanicidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:659. [PMID: 38203832 PMCID: PMC10779428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy currently available for leishmaniasis treatment has many adverse side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, the identification of new targets and the development of new drugs are urgently needed. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine, named compound 8, with an IC50 value in the micromolar range against L. mexicana, it also inhibited 68.27% the activity of recombinant L. mexicana arginase. Herein, we report studies carried out to characterize the mechanism of action of compound 8, as well as its in vivo leishmanicidal activity. It was shown in our ultrastructural studies that compound 8 induces several changes, such as membrane blebbing, the presence of autophagosomes, membrane detachment and mitochondrial and kinetoplast disorganization, among others. Compound 8 triggers the production of ROS and parasite apoptosis. It reduced 71% of the parasite load of L. mexicana in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis in comparison with a control. Altogether, the data obtained suggest the potential use of compound 8 in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Nieto-Meneses
- Departamento de Parasitología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.N.-M.); (B.N.-T.)
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.C.); (A.H.-C.)
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.C.); (A.H.-C.)
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (R.N.-M.); (B.N.-T.)
| | | | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico;
| | - Félix Matadamas-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Lilián Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Linares IAP, Uría MS, Graminha MAS, Iglesias BA, Velásquez AMA. Antileishmanial activity of tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes mediated by photodynamic therapy approaches. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103641. [PMID: 37268042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a seriously neglected disease that impacts more than one billion people in endemic areas of the globe. Several drawbacks are associated with the currently existing drugs for the treatment as low effectiveness, toxicity, and the emergence of resistant strains that demonstrates the importance of looking for novel therapeutic alternatives. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising novel alternative for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment because its topical application avoids potential side effects generally associated with oral/parenteral application. A light-sensitive compound known as photosensitizer (PS) interacts with light and molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote cell death by oxidative stress through PDT approaches. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the antileishmanial effect of tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II)- and Pd(II)-polypyridyl complexes using PDT. The isomeric tetra-cationic porphyrins in the meta positions, 3-PtTPyP, and 3-PdTPyP, exhibited the highest antiparasitic activity against promastigote (IC50-pro = 41.8 nM and 46.1 nM, respectively) and intracellular amastigote forms (IC50-ama = 27.6 nM and 38.8 nM, respectively) of L. amazonensis under white light irradiation (72 J cm-2) with high selectivity (SI > 50) for both forms of parasites regarding mammalian cells. In addition, these PS induced the cell death of parasites principally by a necrotic process in the presence of white light by mitochondrial and acidic compartments accumulation. This study showed that porphyrins 3-PtTPyP and 3-PdTPyP displayed a promising antileishmanial-PDT activity with potential application for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin A P Linares
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maricely Sánchez Uría
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Angela M A Velásquez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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