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Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Zaw MH, Hussain K, Ricart Arbona RJ, Roilides E, Walsh TJ. Combination of Systemic and Lock-Therapies with Micafungin Eradicate Catheter-Based Biofilms and Infections Caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in Neutropenic Rabbit Models. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:293. [PMID: 38667964 PMCID: PMC11050883 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular catheter-related infections, primarily caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, pose significant challenges due to the formation of biofilms on catheters, leading to refractory disease and considerable morbidity. We studied the efficacy of micafungin in systemic and lock therapies to eliminate catheter-based biofilms and deep tissue infections in experimental central venous catheter (CVC)-related candidemia in neutropenic rabbits. Silastic CVCs in rabbits were inoculated with 1 × 103 CFU/mL of C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, establishing catheter-based biofilm, and subjected to various treatments. Neutropenic rabbits treated with a combination of lock therapy and systemic micafungin demonstrated the most significant reduction in fungal burden, from 5.0 × 104 to 1.8 × 102 CFU/mL of C. albicans and from 5.9 × 104 to 2.7 × 102 CFU/mL of C. parapsilosis (p ≤ 0.001), in the CVC after 24 h, with full clearance of blood cultures after 72 h from treatment initiation. The combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy achieved eradication of C. albicans from all studied tissues (0.0 ± 0.0 log CFU/g) vs. untreated controls (liver 7.5 ± 0.22, spleen 8.3 ± 0.25, kidney 8.6 ± 0.07, cerebrum 6.3 ± 0.31, vena cava 6.6 ± 0.29, and CVC wash 2.3 ± 0.68 log CFU/g) (p ≤ 0.001). Rabbits treated with a combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy demonstrated a ≥2 log reduction in C. parapsilosis in all treated tissues (p ≤ 0.05) except kidney. Serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels demonstrated significant decreases in response to treatment. The study demonstrates that combining systemic and lock therapies with micafungin effectively eradicates catheter-based biofilms and infections caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, particularly in persistently neutropenic conditions, offering promising implications for managing vascular catheter-related candidemia and providing clinical benefits in cases where catheter removal is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Petraitiene
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Myo H. Zaw
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Sutter Health Memorial Medical Center, 1700 Coffee Rd., Modesto, CA 95355, USA
| | - Kaiser Hussain
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Radiology Associated, 6565 Fannin St. #268, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodolfo J. Ricart Arbona
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emanuel Roilides
- Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
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Gamaletsou MN, Rammaert B, Brause B, Bueno MA, Dadwal SS, Henry MW, Katragkou A, Kontoyiannis DP, McCarthy MW, Miller AO, Moriyama B, Pana ZD, Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Roilides E, Sarkis JP, Simitsopoulou M, Sipsas NV, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Zeller V, Lortholary O, Walsh TJ. Osteoarticular Mycoses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0008619. [PMID: 36448782 PMCID: PMC9769674 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00086-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular mycoses are chronic debilitating infections that require extended courses of antifungal therapy and may warrant expert surgical intervention. As there has been no comprehensive review of these diseases, the International Consortium for Osteoarticular Mycoses prepared a definitive treatise for this important class of infections. Among the etiologies of osteoarticular mycoses are Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Mucorales, dematiaceous fungi, non-Aspergillus hyaline molds, and endemic mycoses, including those caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides species. This review analyzes the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, inflammatory biomarkers, diagnostic imaging modalities, treatments, and outcomes of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by these organisms. Candida osteomyelitis and Candida arthritis are associated with greater events of hematogenous dissemination than those of most other osteoarticular mycoses. Traumatic inoculation is more commonly associated with osteoarticular mycoses caused by Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus molds. Synovial fluid cultures are highly sensitive in the detection of Candida and Aspergillus arthritis. Relapsed infection, particularly in Candida arthritis, may develop in relation to an inadequate duration of therapy. Overall mortality reflects survival from disseminated infection and underlying host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Gamaletsou
- Laiko General Hospital of Athens and Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Blandine Rammaert
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine, CHU de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, Poitiers, France
| | - Barry Brause
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marimelle A. Bueno
- Far Eastern University-Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Manilla, Philippines
| | | | - Michael W. Henry
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aspasia Katragkou
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew W. McCarthy
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andy O. Miller
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Zoi Dorothea Pana
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ruta Petraitiene
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Simitsopoulou
- Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V. Sipsas
- Laiko General Hospital of Athens and Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Valérie Zeller
- Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Activity of Amphotericin B Formulations and Voriconazole, alone or in combination, against Biofilms of Scedosporium and Fusarium spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0063821. [PMID: 34370583 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00638-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium and Fusarium species are emerging opportunistic pathogens, causing invasive fungal diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm-related infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We herein assessed the ability of Scedosporium apiospermum (SA) and Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) isolates to form biofilms and evaluated the efficacy of deoxycholate amphotericin B (D-AMB), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) and voriconazole (VRC), alone or in combination, against mature biofilms. Biofilm formation was assessed by safranin staining and spectrophotometric measurement of optical density. Planktonic and biofilm damage was assessed by XTT reduction assay. Planktonic cell and biofilm MIC50's were determined as the minimum concentrations that caused ≥50% fungal damage compared to untreated controls. The combined activity of L-AMB (0.5-32 mg/L) with VRC (0.125-64 mg/L) against biofilms was determined by the checkerboard microdilution method and analyzed by the Bliss independence model. Biofilm MIC50's of D-AMB and L-AMB against SA isolates were 1 and 2 mg/L and against FSSC isolates were 0.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively. Biofilm MIC50's of VRC against SA and FSSC were 32 mg/L and >256 mg/L, respectively. Synergistic effects were observed at 2-4 mg/L of L-AMB combined with 4-16 mg/L of VRC against SA biofilms (mean ΔE±standard error: 17% ± 3.7%). Antagonistic interactions were found at 0.5-4 mg/L of L-AMB combined with 0.125-16 mg/L of VRC against FSSC isolates with -28% ± 2%. D-AMB and L-AMB were more efficacious against SA and FSSC biofilms than VRC.
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A Screen for Small Molecules to Target Candida albicans Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:jof7010009. [PMID: 33375490 PMCID: PMC7824004 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, which are inherently resistant to antifungal drugs. We screened the Chembridge Small Molecule Diversity library containing 30,000 “drug-like” small molecules and identified 45 compounds that inhibited biofilm formation. These 45 compounds were then tested for their abilities to disrupt mature biofilms and for combinatorial interactions with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, the three antifungal drugs most commonly prescribed to treat Candida infections. In the end, we identified one compound that moderately disrupted biofilm formation on its own and four compounds that moderately inhibited biofilm formation and/or moderately disrupted mature biofilms only in combination with either caspofungin or fluconazole. No combinatorial interactions were observed between the compounds and amphotericin B. As members of a diversity library, the identified compounds contain “drug-like” chemical backbones, thus even seemingly “weak hits” could represent promising chemical starting points for the development and the optimization of new classes of therapeutics designed to target Candida biofilms.
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Chatzimoschou A, Giampani A, Meis JF, Roilides E. Activities of nine antifungal agents against Candida auris biofilms. Mycoses 2020; 64:381-384. [PMID: 33270284 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida auris is a newly described multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with biofilm formation and severe infections with high mortality. OBJECTIVES To study the activities of fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against C auris biofilms and planktonic cells. MATERIALS/METHODS C auris strains originating from 5 clades (South Asian, East Asian, African, South American and Iranian) were tested for biofilm production by safranin staining of the extracellular matrix polysaccharide structure as well as biofilm (BF) and planktonic (PLK) antifungal susceptibility to nine antifungal agents using the XTT reduction assay. RESULTS Candida auris isolates produced mature BF as compared to non-C auris control (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) strains. Four C auris isolates exhibited relatively high MIC's for fluconazole (32-128 mg/L for PLK MIC and 128-1024 mg/L for BF MIC) as compared to the Iranian strain that had PLK and BF MIC's 0.5 and 16, respectively. Itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole had relatively low PLK MICs but high BF MICs. A similar pattern was observed with echinocandins; relatively low PLK MIC (0.06-4 mg/L) but quite high BF MICs (4-2048 mg/L). While all isolates exhibited relatively low PLK MICs (0.06-4 mg/L) for both amphotericin B formulations, liposomal amphotericin B showed higher MICs compared to deoxycholate amphotericin B against C auris BF. CONCLUSION Triazoles, echinocandins and liposomal amphotericin B appear to have less activity against C auris biofilms than deoxycholate amphotericin B. Our in vitro model provides evidence for intrinsic C auris biofilm resistance to antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chatzimoschou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Athina Giampani
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Brilhante RSN, Silva JAT, Araújo GDS, Pereira VS, Gotay WJP, Oliveira JSD, Guedes GMDM, Pereira-Neto WA, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Darunavir inhibits Cryptococcus neoformans/ Cryptococcus gattii species complex growth and increases the susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:830-837. [PMID: 32459616 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Cryptococcus species are pathogens commonly associated with cases of meningoencephalitis in individuals who are immunosuppressed due to AIDS.Aim. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the antiretroviral darunavir alone or associated with fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus species.Methodology. Susceptibility testing of darunavir and the common antifungals against 12 members of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex was evaluated by broth microdilution. The interaction between darunavir and antifungals against planktonic cells was tested by a checkerboard assay. The effects of darunavir against biofilm metabolic activity and biomass were evaluated by the XTT reduction assay and crystal violet staining, respectively.Results. Darunavir combined with amphotericin B showed a synergistic interaction against planktonic cells. No antagonistic interaction was observed between darunavir and the antifungals used. All Cryptococcus species strains were strong biofilm producers. Darunavir alone reduced biofilm metabolic activity and biomass when added during and after biofilm formation (P<0.05). The combination of darunavir with antifungals caused a significant reduction in biofilm metabolic activity and biomass when compared to darunavir alone (P<0.05).Conclusion. Darunavir presents antifungal activity against planktonic cells of Cryptococcus species and synergism with amphotericin B. In addition, darunavir led to reduced biofilm formation and showed activity against mature biofilms of Cryptococcus species. Activity of the antifungals against mature biofilms was enhanced in the presence of darunavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Telmos Silva
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Wilker Jose Perez Gotay
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Brilhante RSN, Brasil JA, Oliveira JSD, Pereira VS, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Diclofenac exhibits synergism with azoles against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida tropicalis. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:528-536. [PMID: 32546021 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1777285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diclofenac on minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungals against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida tropicalis. Susceptibility testing of planktonic cells was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay and checkerboard method. Biofilm formation by C. tropicalis in the presence of diclofenac, alone or in combination with antifungals, was also evaluated, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope (CLSM) analyses were performed. Diclofenac showed an MIC of 1024 μg ml-1 against planktonic cells. The MICs of fluconazole and voriconazole against azole-resistant isolates were reduced 8- to 32-fold and 16- to 256-fold, respectively, when in combination with diclofenac. When in combination with fluconazole or voriconazole, diclofenac reduced the antifungal concentration necessary to inhibit C. tropicalis biofilm formation. In conclusion, diclofenac presents synergism with fluconazole and voriconazole against resistant C. tropicalis strains and improves the activity of these azole drugs against biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jaiane Alves Brasil
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Mohammadi F, Ghasemi Z, Familsatarian B, Salehi E, Sharifynia S, Barikani A, Mirzadeh M, Hosseini MA. Relationship between antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors in Candida albicans isolated from nail specimens. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190214. [PMID: 32049200 PMCID: PMC7083380 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0214-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate some virulence factors in Candida albicans isolates from patients with onychomycosis and determine the correlation between these factors and the antifungal resistance profile. METHODS Seventy species of C. albicans were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the HWP1 gene. According to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the susceptibility profile of four antifungal agents was investigated, and the production of aspartyl protease, phospholipase, haemolysin, and biofilm was determined. The correlation between these profiles was also investigated. RESULTS The isolates indicated different levels of resistance and production of virulence factors. Significant correlations were observed between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole/itraconazole and biofilm production, between phospholipase production and fluconazole/itraconazole MIC, and between fluconazole MIC and hemolytic activity in C. albicans isolates. The results also showed significant correlations between phospholipase activity and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of C. albicans and characterize the relationship between virulence factors and antifungal resistance, which may suggest new therapeutic strategies considering the possible involvement of the virulence mechanism in the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Mohammadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin university of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Behnaz Familsatarian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Sharifynia
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Barikani
- Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Ahmadi A, Mahmoudi S, Rezaie S, Hashemi SJ, Dannaoui E, Badali H, Ghaffari M, Aala F, Izadi A, Maleki A, Meis JF, Khodavaisy S. In vitro synergy of echinocandins with triazoles against fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis complex isolates. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 21:331-334. [PMID: 31715297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) is a common non-albicans Candida species ranked as the second common cause of bloodstream infections. Azole resistance and elevated echinocandin MICs have been reported for these fungi. This study was conducted to determine the interactions between azoles and echinocandins against C. parapsilosis species complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex were included: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (n = 7), C. orthopsilosis (n = 5) and C. metapsilosis (n = 3). The activity of azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole) and echinocandins (anidulafungin, micafungin) alone and in combination was determined using checkerboard broth microdilution. The results were determined based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS In vitro combination of fluconazole with anidulafungin was found to be synergistic (FICI 0.07-0.37) and decreased the MIC range from 4-64 μg/mL to 0.5-16 μg/mL for fluconazole and from 2-8 μg/mL to 0.125-1 μg/mL for anidulafungin. Similarly, interactions of fluconazole with micafungin (FICI 0.25-0.5), itraconazole with anidulafungin (FICI 0.15-0.37) and itraconazole with micafungin (FICI 0.09-0.37) were synergistic. CONCLUSION The combination of fluconazole and itraconazole with either anidulafungin or micafungin demonstrated synergistic interactions against C. parapsilosis species complex, especially against isolates with elevated MIC values. However, the use of these combinations in clinical practice and the clinical relevance of in vitro combination results remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eric Dannaoui
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mansoureh Ghaffari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran
| | - Farzad Aala
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Izadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Maleki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Diagnosis and treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infection: Clinical guidelines of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology and (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). Med Intensiva 2019; 42:5-36. [PMID: 29406956 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) constitute an important cause of hospital-acquired infection associated with morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of these guidelines is to provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CRBSI in adults. Prevention of CRBSI is excluded. Experts in the field were designated by the two participating Societies (the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology and [SEIMC] and the Spanish Society of Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units [SEMICYUC]). Short-term peripheral venous catheters, non-tunneled and long-term central venous catheters, tunneled catheters and hemodialysis catheters are covered by these guidelines. The panel identified 39 key topics that were formulated in accordance with the PICO format. The strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence were graded in accordance with ESCMID guidelines. Recommendations are made for the diagnosis of CRBSI with and without catheter removal and of tunnel infection. The document establishes the clinical situations in which a conservative diagnosis of CRBSI (diagnosis without catheter removal) is feasible. Recommendations are also made regarding empirical therapy, pathogen-specific treatment (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative bacilli, and Candida spp.), antibiotic lock therapy, diagnosis and management of suppurative thrombophlebitis and local complications.
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11
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Abstract
Fungi are rare but important causes of osteoarticular infections, and can be caused by a wide array of yeasts and molds. Symptoms are often subacute and mimic those of other more common causes of osteoarticular infection, which can lead to substantial delays in treatment. A high index of suspicion is required to establish the diagnosis. The severity of infection depends on the inherent pathogenicity of the fungi, the immune status of the host, the anatomic location of the infection, and whether the infection involves a foreign body. Treatment often involves a combination of surgical debridement and prolonged antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andy O Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Barry D Brause
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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12
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Brilhante RSN, Bittencourt PV, de Souza Collares Castelo-Branco D, de Melo Guedes GM, de Oliveira JS, Alencar LP, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Pinheiro M, Nogueira-Filho EF, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Biofilms of Candida
spp. from the ocular conjunctiva of horses with reduced azole susceptibility: a complicating factor for the treatment of keratomycosis? Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 20:539-546. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Paula Vago Bittencourt
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | | | | | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine; Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology; Specialized Medical Mycology Center; School of Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará; Fortaleza CE Brazil
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Bandara HMHN, Matsubara VH, Samaranayake LP. Future therapies targeted towards eliminating Candida biofilms and associated infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 15:299-318. [PMID: 27927053 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1268530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida species are common human commensals and cause either superficial or invasive opportunistic infections. The biofilm form of candida as opposed to its suspended, planktonic form, is predominantly associated with these infections. Alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed to manage Candida infections as the currently available short arsenal of antifungal drugs has been compromised due to their systemic toxicity, cross-reactivity with other drugs, and above all, by the emergence of drug-resistant Candida species due to irrational drug use. Areas covered: Combination anti-Candida therapies, antifungal lock therapy, denture cleansers, and mouth rinses have all been proposed as alternatives for disrupting candidal biofilms on different substrates. Other suggested approaches for the management of candidiasis include the use of natural compounds, such as probiotics, plants extracts and oils, antifungal quorum sensing molecules, anti-Candida antibodies and vaccines, cytokine therapy, transfer of primed immune cells, photodynamic therapy, and nanoparticles. Expert commentary: The sparsity of currently available antifungals and the plethora of proposed anti-candidal therapies is a distinct indication of the urgent necessity to develop efficacious therapies for candidal infections. Alternative drug delivery approaches, such as probiotics, reviewed here is likely to be a reality in clinical settings in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H N Bandara
- a School of Dentistry , The University of Queensland , Herston , QLD , Australia
| | - V H Matsubara
- b School of Dentistry , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil.,c Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - L P Samaranayake
- a School of Dentistry , The University of Queensland , Herston , QLD , Australia.,d Faculty of Dentistry , University of Kuwait , Kuwait
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Ghannoum M, Roilides E, Katragkou A, Petraitis V, Walsh TJ. The Role of Echinocandins in Candida Biofilm-Related Vascular Catheter Infections: In Vitro and In Vivo Model Systems. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61 Suppl 6:S618-21. [PMID: 26567279 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida biofilm-associated infections of central venous catheters are a challenging therapeutic problem. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies of the structure, formation, pathogenesis, and treatment establish a rationale for new approaches to management of these tenacious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aspasia Katragkou
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, New York
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15
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Katragkou A, Roilides E, Walsh TJ. Role of Echinocandins in Fungal Biofilm-Related Disease: Vascular Catheter-Related Infections, Immunomodulation, and Mucosal Surfaces. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61 Suppl 6:S622-9. [PMID: 26567280 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections have become an increasingly important clinical problem. Many of these infections occur in patients with multiple comorbidities or with impaired immunity. Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin) exert their fungicidal activity by inhibition of the synthesis of the (1→3)-β-d-glucan. They are active among in vitro and in vivo model systems against a number of Candida species and filamentous fungi in their planktonic and biofilm phenotype. Their superior activity against biofilms poses them in an advantageous position among the antifungal armamentarium. However, additional studies are warranted to expand our knowledge on the role of echinocandins against biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Katragkou
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Disease Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, New York Department of Pediatrics Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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16
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Valentín A, Cantón E, Pemán J, Fernandez-Rivero ME, Tormo-Mas MA, Martínez JP. In vitro
activity of anidulafungin in combination with amphotericin B or voriconazole against biofilms of five
Candida
species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:3449-3452. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Pesee S, Angkananuwat C, Tancharoensukjit S, Muanmai S, Sirivan P, Bubphawas M, Tanarerkchai N. In vitroactivity of Caspofungin combined with Fluconazole on mixedCandida albicansandCandida glabratabiofilm. Med Mycol 2016; 54:384-93. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
Yeasts and filamentous fungi both exist as single cells and hyphal forms, two morphologies used by most fungal organisms to create a complex multilayered biofilm structure. In this chapter we describe the most widely used assays for the determination of biofilm production and assessment of susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal agents or host phagocytes as various methods, the most frequent of which are staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, quantification of extracellular DNA and protein associated with extracellular matrix and XTT metabolic reduction assay. Pathway-focused biofilm gene expression profiling is assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simitsopoulou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzimoschou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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19
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Ramakrishnan J, Rathore SS, Raman T. Review on fungal enzyme inhibitors – potential drug targets to manage human fungal infections. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01577h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential applications of enzyme inhibitors for the management of invasive fungal infections are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India-613401
| | - Sudarshan Singh Rathore
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India-613401
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur
- India-613401
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20
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Girardot M, Imbert C. Novel strategies against Candida biofilms: interest of synthetic compounds. Future Microbiol 2015; 11:69-79. [PMID: 26673571 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a consortium of microbial cells that are attached to a substratum or an interface. It should be considered a reservoir that may induce serious infections. Indeed, Candidaspp. biofilms may be involved in the persistence or worsening of some chronic inflammatory diseases as well as in systemic infections, which may lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. New strategies are currently being explored, utilizing several synthetic compounds to prevent or fight these Candida biofilms. This article focuses on active synthetic compounds classified with regards to their modes of action: inhibition of early adherence phase, inhibition or control of biofilm maturation and finally elimination of already formed biofilms. Some of them show promise in fighting biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girardot
- EBI, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- EBI, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France
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Chatzimoschou A, Simitsopoulou M, Antachopoulos C, Walsh TJ, Roilides E. Differential effects of antifungal agents on expression of genes related to formation of Candida albicans biofilms. Mycoses 2015; 59:43-7. [PMID: 26593284 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse specific molecular mechanisms involved in the intrinsic resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungals. We investigated the transcriptional profile of three genes (BGL2, SUN41, ECE1) involved in Candida cell wall formation in response to voriconazole or anidulafungin after the production of intermediate and mature biofilms. C. albicans M61, a well-documented biofilm producer strain, was used for the development of intermediate (12 h and 18 h) and completely mature biofilms (48 h). After exposure of cells from each biofilm growth mode to voriconazole (128 and 512 mg l(-1)) or anidulafungin (0.25 and 1 mg l(-1)) for 12-24 h, total RNA samples extracted from biofilm cells were analysed by RT-PCR. The voriconazole and anidulafungin biofilm MIC was 512 and 0.5 mg l(-1) respectively. Anidulafungin caused significant up-regulation of SUN41 (3.7-9.3-fold) and BGL2 (2.2-2.8 fold) in intermediately mature biofilms; whereas, voriconazole increased gene expression in completely mature biofilms (SUN41 2.3-fold, BGL2 2.1-fold). Gene expression was primarily down-regulated by voriconazole in intermediately, but not completely mature biofilms. Both antifungals caused down-regulation of ECE1 in intermediately mature biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chatzimoschou
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Simitsopoulou
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Antachopoulos
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Brilhante RSN, Caetano EPD, Oliveira JS, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Souza ERY, Alencar LPD, Cordeiro RDA, Bandeira TDJPG, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Simvastatin inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida and Cryptococcus species. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:459-65. [PMID: 26119850 PMCID: PMC9427464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of some statins against different fungal species has been reported. Thus, at the first moment, the in vitro antifungal activity of simvastatin, atorvastatin and pravastatin was tested against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. Then, in a second approach, considering that the best results were obtained for simvastatin, this drug was evaluated in combination with antifungal drugs against planktonic growth and tested against biofilms of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The interaction between simvastatin and antifungals against planktonic cells was analyzed by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Regarding biofilm susceptibility, simvastatin was tested against growing biofilm and mature biofilm of one strain of each tested yeast species. Simvastatin showed inhibitory effect against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 15.6 to 1000 mg L−1 and from 62.5 to 1000 mg L−1, respectively. The combination of simvastatin with itraconazole and fluconazole showed synergism against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp., while the combination of simvastatin with amphotericin B was synergistic only against Cryptococcus spp. Concerning the biofilm assays, simvastatin was able to inhibit both growing biofilm and mature biofilm of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. The present study showed that simvastatin inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida and Cryptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Erica Pacheco de Caetano
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales Oliveira
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Ribeiro Yokobatake Souza
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Centro Especializado em Micologia Médica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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23
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Cordeiro RDA, Teixeira CE, Brilhante RS, Castelo-Branco DS, Alencar LP, de Oliveira JS, Monteiro AJ, Bandeira TJ, Sidrim JJ, Moreira JLB, Rocha MF. Exogenous tyrosol inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida species and enhances their susceptibility to antifungals. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov012. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Li Y, Chang W, Zhang M, Li X, Jiao Y, Lou H. Synergistic and drug-resistant reversing effects of diorcinol D combined with fluconazole against Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov001. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Antipseudomonal agents exhibit differential pharmacodynamic interactions with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against established biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2198-205. [PMID: 25645829 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04934-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen infecting the lower respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, where it forms tracheobronchial biofilms. Pseudomonas biofilms are refractory to antibacterials and to phagocytic cells with innate immunity, leading to refractory infection. Little is known about the interaction between antipseudomonal agents and phagocytic cells in eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms. Herein, we investigated the capacity of three antipseudomonal agents, amikacin (AMK), ceftazidime (CAZ), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), to interact with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) against biofilms and planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from sputa of CF patients. Three of the isolates were resistant and three were susceptible to each of these antibiotics. The concentrations studied (2, 8, and 32 mg/liter) were subinhibitory for biofilms of resistant isolates, whereas for biofilms of susceptible isolates, they ranged between sub-MIC and 2 × MIC values. The activity of each antibiotic alone or in combination with human PMNs against 48-h mature biofilms or planktonic cells was determined by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] assay. All combinations of AMK with PMNs resulted in synergistic or additive effects against planktonic cells and biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates compared to each component alone. More than 75% of CAZ combinations exhibited additive interactions against biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates, whereas CIP had mostly antagonistic interaction or no interaction with PMNs against biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Our findings demonstrate a greater positive interaction between AMK with PMNs than that observed for CAZ and especially CIP against isolates of P. aeruginosa from the respiratory tract of CF patients.
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Sidrim JJC, Teixeira CEC, Cordeiro RA, Brilhante RSN, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Bandeira SP, Alencar LP, Oliveira JS, Monteiro AJ, Moreira JLB, Bandeira TJPG, Rocha MFG. β-Lactam antibiotics and vancomycin inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm Candida spp.: an additional benefit of antibiotic-lock therapy? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 45:420-3. [PMID: 25631674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin on strains of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in planktonic and biofilm forms. Twenty azole-derivative-resistant strains of C. albicans (n=10) and C. tropicalis (n=10) were tested. The susceptibility of planktonic Candida spp. to the antibacterial agents was investigated by broth microdilution. The XTT reduction assay was performed to evaluate the viability of growing and mature biofilms following exposure to these drugs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.5 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL for cefepime, TZP and vancomycin and from 0.5 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL for meropenem and the drugs also caused statistically significant reductions in biofilm cellular activity both in growing and mature biofilm. Since all of the tested drugs are commonly used in patients with hospital-acquired infections and in those with catheter-related infections under antibiotic-lock therapy, it may be possible to obtain an additional benefit from antibiotic-lock therapy with these drugs, namely the control of Candida biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J C Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raimunda S N Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Débora S C M Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silviane P Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas S Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André J Monteiro
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José L B Moreira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tereza J P G Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos F G Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; College of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Cordeiro RDA, Oliveira JSD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Teixeira CEC, Marques FJDF, Bittencourt PV, Carvalho VL, Bandeira TDJPG, Brilhante RSN, Moreira JLB, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from veterinary sources show resistance to azoles and produce virulence factors. Med Mycol 2014; 53:145-52. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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28
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Katragkou A, McCarthy M, Alexander EL, Antachopoulos C, Meletiadis J, Jabra-Rizk MA, Petraitis V, Roilides E, Walsh TJ. In vitro interactions between farnesol and fluconazole, amphotericin B or micafungin against Candida albicans biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:470-8. [PMID: 25288679 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formation by Candida albicans poses an important therapeutic challenge in human diseases. Typically, conventional antifungal agents encounter difficulty in treating and fully eradicating biofilm-related infections. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to treat recalcitrant Candida biofilms. Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule, which induces apoptosis, inhibits Ras protein pathways and profoundly affects the morphogenesis of C. albicans. We therefore investigated the interactions between farnesol and different classes of antifungal agents. METHODS The combined antifungal effects of triazoles (fluconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B) and echinocandins (micafungin) with farnesol against C. albicans biofilms were assessed in vitro. Antifungal activity was determined by the XTT metabolic assay and confocal microscopy. The nature and the intensity of the interactions were assessed using the Loewe additivity model [fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index] and the Bliss independence (BI) model. RESULTS Significant synergy was found between each of the three antifungal agents and farnesol, while antagonism was not observed for any of the combinations tested. The greatest synergistic effect was found with the farnesol/micafungin combination, for which the BI-based model showed the observed effects as being 39%-52% higher than expected if the drugs had been acting independently. The FIC indices ranged from 0.49 to 0.79, indicating synergism for farnesol/micafungin and farnesol/fluconazole and no interaction for farnesol/amphotericin B. Structural changes in the biofilm correlated well with the efficacies of these combinations. The maximum combined effect was dependent on the farnesol concentration for micafungin and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS Farnesol exerts a synergistic or additive interaction with micafungin, fluconazole and amphotericin B against C. albicans biofilms, thus warranting further in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Katragkou
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matthew McCarthy
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charalampos Antachopoulos
- Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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In vitro combination of isavuconazole with micafungin or amphotericin B deoxycholate against medically important molds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6934-7. [PMID: 25136021 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03261-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether isavuconazole, an extended-spectrum triazole, possesses synergistic activity in combination therapy with echinocandins or amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive molds infections has not been studied. Our in vitro combination studies showed that isavuconazole and micafungin are synergistically active against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. These results suggest that isavuconazole, in combination with micafungin, may have a role in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and warrants further investigation.
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Candida Biofilm: Clinical Implications of Recent Advances in Research. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-014-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gardiner BJ, Slavin MA, Korman TM, Stuart RL. Hampered by historical paradigms - echinocandins and the treatment ofCandidaendocarditis. Mycoses 2013; 57:316-9. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Gardiner
- Monash Infectious Diseases; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - M. A. Slavin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - T. M. Korman
- Monash Infectious Diseases; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Medicine; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - R. L. Stuart
- Monash Infectious Diseases; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Medicine; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
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Bhattacharyya S, Gupta P, Banerjee G, Jain A, Singh M. In-vitro Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis by Heat Stable Compounds in Culture Filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:2167-9. [PMID: 24298466 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6020.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive candidiasis, caused mostly by Candida albicans and C. tropicalis is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection with a substantial attributable mortality. This disease is associated with formation of structured, multilayered microbial communities known as biofilms over indwelling devices. Treatment is rendered difficult owing to factors like poor drug penetration through biofilms and high cost of the available antifungal drugs. Hence there is imminent need of developing low-cost natural compounds inhibiting Candidal biofilm formation in vitro. Organohalgen compounds derived from crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus have been documented to impair in vitro Candidal survival. AIM We aimed to detect the effect of preheated and unheated crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis in vitro. Setting and Designs: Ours was a laboratory-based observational study with clinical isolates of the microorganisms selected randomly. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we showed for the first time by microtitre plate method that heat stable compounds which were present in preheated and unheated culture filtrates of Aspergillus flavus inhibited biofilm formation of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis and also lipase activities of these pathogens, and filtrate was non-toxic on human cell line as checked microscopically. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Z-test of significance was used to calculate significant difference between Candidal biofilm formation in normal liquid medium and culture filtrate, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Heat stable compounds present in culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus inhibit biofilm formation of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis and also in-vitro lipase activity of these pathogens and could pave the way for development of low-cost alternatives to treat invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Post MD-PhD Scholar, Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University , Lucknow-226003, U.P., India
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Simitsopoulou M, Peshkova P, Tasina E, Katragkou A, Kyrpitzi D, Velegraki A, Walsh TJ, Roilides E. Species-specific and drug-specific differences in susceptibility of Candida biofilms to echinocandins: characterization of less common bloodstream isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2562-70. [PMID: 23529739 PMCID: PMC3716187 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02541-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species other than Candida albicans are increasingly recognized as causes of biofilm-associated infections. This is a comprehensive study that compared the in vitro activities of all three echinocandins against biofilms formed by different common and infrequently identified Candida isolates. We determined the activities of anidulafungin (ANID), caspofungin (CAS), and micafungin (MFG) against planktonic cells and biofilms of bloodstream isolates of C. albicans (15 strains), Candida parapsilosis (6 strains), Candida lusitaniae (16 strains), Candida guilliermondii (5 strains), and Candida krusei (12 strains) by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] assay. Planktonic and biofilm MICs were defined as ≥ 50% fungal damage. Planktonic cells of all Candida species were susceptible to the three echinocandins, with MICs of ≤ 1 mg/liter. By comparison, differences in the MIC profiles of biofilms in response to echinocandins existed among the Candida species. Thus, C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii biofilms were highly recalcitrant to all echinocandins, with MICs of ≥ 32 mg/liter. In contrast, the MICs of all three echinocandins for C. albicans and C. krusei biofilms were relatively low (MICs ≤ 1 mg/liter). While echinocandins exhibited generally high MICs against C. parapsilosis biofilms, MFG exhibited the lowest MICs against these isolates (4 mg/liter). A paradoxical growth effect was observed with CAS concentrations ranging from 8 to 64 mg/liter against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis biofilms but not against C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, or C. guilliermondii. While non-albicans Candida planktonic cells were susceptible to all echinocandins, there were drug- and species-specific differences in susceptibility among biofilms of the various Candida species, with C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii exhibiting profiles of high MICs of the three echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simitsopoulou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavla Peshkova
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia Tasina
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aspasia Katragkou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniela Kyrpitzi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen YL, Lehman VN, Averette AF, Perfect JR, Heitman J. Posaconazole exhibits in vitro and in vivo synergistic antifungal activity with caspofungin or FK506 against Candida albicans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57672. [PMID: 23472097 PMCID: PMC3589401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The object of this study was to test whether posaconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, exhibits synergy with the β-1,3 glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin or the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 against the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Although current drug treatments for Candida infection are often efficacious, the available antifungal armamentarium may not be keeping pace with the increasing incidence of drug resistant strains. The development of drug combinations or novel antifungal drugs to address emerging drug resistance is therefore of general importance. Combination drug therapies are employed to treat patients with HIV, cancer, or tuberculosis, and has considerable promise in the treatment of fungal infections like cryptococcal meningitis and C. albicans infections. Our studies reported here demonstrate that posaconazole exhibits in vitro synergy with caspofungin or FK506 against drug susceptible or resistant C. albicans strains. Furthermore, these combinations also show in vivo synergy against C. albicans strain SC5314 and its derived echinocandin-resistant mutants, which harbor an S645Y mutation in the CaFks1 β-1,3 glucan synthase drug target, suggesting potential therapeutic applicability for these combinations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lien Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virginia N. Lehman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna F. Averette
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John R. Perfect
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Pro-debate: How can we improve the outcome of invasive fungal infection? The case for combination therapy. INFECTIO 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0123-9392(12)70021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
The widespread use of intravascular devices, such as central venous and hemodialysis catheters, in the past 2 decades has paralleled the increasing incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs). Candida albicans is the fourth leading cause of hospital-associated BSIs. The propensity of C. albicans to form biofilms on these catheters has made these infections difficult to treat due to multiple factors, including increased resistance to antifungal agents. Thus, curing CR-BSIs caused by Candida species usually requires catheter removal in addition to systemic antifungal therapy. Alternatively, antimicrobial lock therapy has received significant interest and shown promise as a strategy to treat CR-BSIs due to Candida species. The existing in vitro, animal, and patient data for treatment of Candida-related CR-BSIs are reviewed. The most promising antifungal lock therapy (AfLT) strategies include use of amphotericin, ethanol, or echinocandins. Clinical trials are needed to further define the safety and efficacy of AfLT.
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Abstract
The widespread use of intravascular devices, such as central venous and hemodialysis catheters, in the past 2 decades has paralleled the increasing incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs). Candida albicans is the fourth leading cause of hospital-associated BSIs. The propensity of C. albicans to form biofilms on these catheters has made these infections difficult to treat due to multiple factors, including increased resistance to antifungal agents. Thus, curing CR-BSIs caused by Candida species usually requires catheter removal in addition to systemic antifungal therapy. Alternatively, antimicrobial lock therapy has received significant interest and shown promise as a strategy to treat CR-BSIs due to Candida species. The existing in vitro, animal, and patient data for treatment of Candida-related CR-BSIs are reviewed. The most promising antifungal lock therapy (AfLT) strategies include use of amphotericin, ethanol, or echinocandins. Clinical trials are needed to further define the safety and efficacy of AfLT.
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Pharmacological and Host Considerations Surrounding Dose Selection and Duration of Therapy with Echinocandins. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-012-0085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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