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Hady RE, Fattouh N, Finianos M, Bitar I, Husni R, Khalaf R. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Candida parapsilosis complex isolates from a Lebanese Hospital. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4169036. [PMID: 38903078 PMCID: PMC11188110 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4169036/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis is a major causative agent of candidiasis leading to death in immunocompromised individuals. Azoles are the first line of defense in treatment by inhibiting ERG11, involved in the synthesis of ergosterol, the main sterol fungal sterol. Resistance to azoles is on the increase worldwide including in Lebanon. The purpose of this study is to characterize nine hospital isolates labeled as C. parapsilosis: four resistant and five sensitive to fluconazole. Phenotypic characterization was achieved through a battery of tests that target pathogenicity attributes such as virulence, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and ergosterol content. Genotypic analysis was done through whole genome sequencing to mutations in key virulence and resistance genes. Phylogenetic comparison was performed to determine strain relatedness and clonality. Genomic data and phylogenetic analysis revealed that three of the nine C. parapsilosis isolates were misidentified; two as C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis belonging to the C. parapsilosis complex, while the third was C. albicans. Moreover, several known and novel mutations in key drug resistance and virulence genes were identified such as ERG11, ERG3, ERG6, CDR1, and FAS2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of relatedness and clonality within our C. parapsilosis isolates. Our results showed that resistant isolates had no increased ergosterol content, no statistically significant difference in virulence, but exhibited an increase in biofilm content compared to the sensitive isolates. In conclusion, our study, the first of its kind in Lebanon, suggests several mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance in C. parapsilosis hospital isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rola Husni
- Lebanese American University School of Medicine
| | - Roy Khalaf
- Lebanese American University - Byblos Campus
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2
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Gómez-Gaviria M, García-Carnero LC, Baruch-Martínez DA, Mora-Montes HM. The Emerging Pathogen Candida metapsilosis: Biological Aspects, Virulence Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:171-185. [PMID: 38268929 PMCID: PMC10807450 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s448213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to public health. This concern is due to the emergence of new fungal species and the increase in antifungal drug resistance. Mycoses caused by Candida species are among the most common nosocomial infections and are associated with high mortality rates when the infection affects deep-seated organs. Candida metapsilosis is part of the Candida parapsilosis complex and has been described as part of the oral microbiota of healthy individuals. Within the complex, this species is considered the least virulent; however, the prevalence has been increasing in recent years, as well as an increment in the resistance to some antifungal drugs. One of the main concerns of candidiasis caused by this species is the wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from tissue colonization to superficial infections, and in more severe cases it can spread, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. The study of virulence factors of this species is limited, however, proteomic comparisons between species indicate that virulence factors in this species could be similar to those already described for C. albicans. However, differences may exist, taking into account changes in the lifestyle of the species. Here, we provide a detailed review of the current literature about this organism, the caused disease, and some sharing aspects with other members of the complex, focusing on its biology, virulence factors, the host-fungus interaction, the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Laura C García-Carnero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Dario A Baruch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto., México
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3
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Dornelles G, Araújo GRDS, Rodrigues M, Alves V, Almeida-Paes R, Frases S. Comparative Analysis of Capsular and Secreted Polysaccharides Produced by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1124. [PMID: 37998929 PMCID: PMC10672113 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a global public health challenge, especially among immunocompromised patients. Basidiomycetous yeasts, such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, have emerged as opportunistic pathogens, but have received less attention than Cryptococcus neoformans. This study aimed to characterize the polysaccharides of R. mucilaginosa and compare them with those of C. neoformans, analyzing their clinical implications. Comprehensive physicochemical, mechanical, and ultrastructural analyses of polysaccharides from both species were performed, revealing correlations with virulence and pathogenicity. R. mucilaginosa cells are surrounded by a capsule smaller than that produced by C. neoformans, but with similar polysaccharides. Those polysaccharides are also secreted by R. mucilaginosa. Cross-reactivity with R. mucilaginosa was observed in a diagnostic C. neoformans antigen test, using both in vitro and in vivo samples, highlighting the need for more reliable tests. Some R. mucilaginosa strains exhibited virulence comparable to that of C. neoformans in an invertebrate experimental model (Tenebrio molitor). This study contributes to a deeper understanding of yeast pathogenicity and virulence, highlighting the need for more accurate diagnostic tests to improve the differential diagnosis of infections caused by basidiomycetous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Dornelles
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (G.D.); (G.R.d.S.A.); (M.R.); (V.A.)
| | - Glauber R. de S. Araújo
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (G.D.); (G.R.d.S.A.); (M.R.); (V.A.)
| | - Marcus Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (G.D.); (G.R.d.S.A.); (M.R.); (V.A.)
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (G.D.); (G.R.d.S.A.); (M.R.); (V.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (G.D.); (G.R.d.S.A.); (M.R.); (V.A.)
- Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Begum N, Lee S, Portlock TJ, Pellon A, Nasab SDS, Nielsen J, Uhlen M, Moyes DL, Shoaie S. Integrative functional analysis uncovers metabolic differences between Candida species. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1013. [PMID: 36163459 PMCID: PMC9512779 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are a dominant constituent of the human mycobiome and associated with the development of several diseases. Understanding the Candida species metabolism could provide key insights into their ability to cause pathogenesis. Here, we have developed the BioFung database, providing an efficient annotation of protein-encoding genes. Along, with BioFung, using carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZymes) analysis, we have uncovered core and accessory features across Candida species demonstrating plasticity, adaption to the environment and acquired features. We show a greater importance of amino acid metabolism, as functional analysis revealed that all Candida species can employ amino acid metabolism. However, metabolomics revealed that only a specific cluster of species (AGAu species—C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. auris) utilised amino acid metabolism including arginine, cysteine, and methionine metabolism potentially improving their competitive fitness in pathogenesis. We further identified critical metabolic pathways in the AGAu cluster with biomarkers and anti-fungal target potential in the CAZyme profile, polyamine, choline and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. This study, combining genomic analysis, and validation with gene expression and metabolomics, highlights the metabolic diversity with AGAu species that underlies their remarkable ability to dominate they mycobiome and cause disease. Metabolic differences between Candida species are uncovered using the BioFung database alongside genomic and metabolic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Begum
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Sunjae Lee
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Theo John Portlock
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Aize Pellon
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Shervin Dokht Sadeghi Nasab
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Kemivägen 10, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,BioInnovation Institute, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, DK2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - David L Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK. .,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden.
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5
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A Pragmatic Approach to Susceptibility Classification of Yeasts without EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020141. [PMID: 35205895 PMCID: PMC8877802 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EUCAST has established clinical breakpoints for the six most common Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans but not for less common yeasts because sufficient evidence is lacking. Consequently, the question “How to interpret the MIC?” for other yeasts often arises. We propose a pragmatic classification for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole MICs against 30 different rare yeasts. This classification takes advantage of MIC data for more than 4000 isolates generated in the EUCAST Development Laboratory for Fungi validated by alignment to published EUCAST MIC data. The classification relies on the following two important assumptions: first, that when isolates are genetically related, pathogenicity and intrinsic susceptibility patterns may be similar; and second, that even if species are not phylogenetically related, the rare yeasts will likely respond to therapy, provided the MIC is comparable to that against wild-type isolates of more prevalent susceptible species because rare yeasts are most likely “rare” due to a lower pathogenicity. In addition, the treatment recommendations available in the current guidelines based on the in vivo efficacy data and clinical experience are taken into consideration. Needless to say, it is of utmost importance (a) to ascertain that the species identification is correct (using MALDI-TOF or sequencing), and (b) to re-test the isolate once or twice to confirm that the MIC is representative for the isolate (because of the inherent variability in MIC determinations). We hope this pragmatic guidance is helpful until evidence-based EUCAST breakpoints can be formally established.
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Burton M, Krumbeck JA, Wu G, Tang S, Prem A, Gupta AK, Dawson TL. The adult microbiome of healthy and otitis patients: Definition of the core healthy and diseased ear microbiomes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262806. [PMID: 35073343 PMCID: PMC8786117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) and externa (OE) are painful, recurrent ear conditions. As most otitis publications focus on the bacterial content of childhood ears, there remains a dearth of information regarding the adult ear microbiome including both bacteria and fungi. This study compares the outer ear microbiome of healthy adults to adults affected by OE and OM using both intergenic-transcribed-spacer (ITS) and 16S-rDNA sequencing. The adult ear core microbiome consists of the prokaryote Cutibacterium acnes and the eukaryotic Malassezia arunalokei, M. globosa, and M. restricta. The healthy ear mycobiome is dominated by Malassezia and can be divided into two groups, one dominated by M. arunalokei, the other by M. restricta. Microbiome diversity and biomass varied significantly between healthy and diseased ears, and analyses reveal the presence of a potential mutualistic, protective effect of Malassezia species and C. acnes. The healthy ear core microbiome includes the bacteria Staphylococcus capitis and S. capitis/caprae, while the diseased ear core is composed of known bacterial and fungal pathogens including Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Corynebacterium jeikeium. The data presented highlight the need for early detection of the cause of otitis to direct more appropriate, efficient treatments. This will improve patient outcomes and promote improved antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Burton
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Guangxi Wu
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Shuiquan Tang
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Aishani Prem
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Aditya K. Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas L. Dawson
- Skin Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Dept of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
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O’Brien CE, Zhai B, Ola M, Bergin SA, Ó Cinnéide E, O’Connor Í, Rolling T, Miranda E, Babady NE, Hohl TM, Butler G. Identification of a novel Candida metapsilosis isolate reveals multiple hybridization events. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab367. [PMID: 34791169 PMCID: PMC8727981 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Candida metapsilosis is a member of the Candida parapsilosis species complex, a group of opportunistic human pathogens. Of all the members of this complex, C. metapsilosis is the least virulent, and accounts for a small proportion of invasive Candida infections. Previous studies established that all C. metapsilosis isolates are hybrids, originating from a single hybridization event between two lineages, parent A and parent B. Here, we use MinION and Illumina sequencing to characterize a C. metapsilosis isolate that originated from a separate hybridization. One of the parents of the new isolate is very closely related to parent A. However, the other parent (parent C) is not the same as parent B. Unlike C. metapsilosis AB isolates, the C. metapsilosis AC isolate has not undergone introgression at the mating type-like locus. In addition, the A and C haplotypes are not fully collinear. The C. metapsilosis AC isolate has undergone loss of heterozygosity with a preference for haplotype A, indicating that this isolate is in the early stages of genome stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe E O’Brien
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bing Zhai
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mihaela Ola
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean A Bergin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin Ó Cinnéide
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ísla O’Connor
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edwin Miranda
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - N Esther Babady
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10007, USA
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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9
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Mete B, Zerdali EY, Aygun G, Saltoglu N, Balkan II, Karaali R, Kaya SY, Karaismailoglu B, Kaya A, Urkmez S, Can G, Tabak F, Ozturk R. Change in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candidemias in an intensive care unit of a university hospital (10-year experience). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:325-333. [PMID: 32935158 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Candidemia is a nosocomial infection mostly found in critically ill patients. Our objectives were to evaluate the change in distribution and resistance profile of Candida spp. isolated from candidemic patients in our intensive care unit over two 5-year periods spanning 15 years and to evaluate the risk factors. Records from the microbiology laboratory were obtained, from January 2004 to December 2008 and from January 2013 to December 2017, retrospectively. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by E-test and evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints. A total of 210 candidemia cases occurred; 238 Candida spp. were isolated in 197 patients (58.8% male; mean age, 59.2 ± 19.6 years). The most predominant risk factor was central venous catheter use. Species distribution rates were 32%, 28%, 17%, and 11% for C. albicans (n = 76), C. parapsilosis (n = 67), C. glabrata (n = 40), and C. tropicalis (n = 27), respectively. Resistance rate to anidulafungin was high in C. parapsilosis over both periods and increased to 73% in the second period. Fluconazole showed a remarkable decrease for susceptibility in C. parapsilosis (94 to 49%). The prevalence of MDR C. parapsilosis (6%/33%) and C. glabrata (0%/44%) increased in the second period. We observed a predominance of non-albicans Candida spp., with C. parapsilosis being the most frequent and C. glabrata infections presenting with the highest mortality. High level of echinocandin resistance in C. parapsilosis and increasing prevalences of MDR C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata seem emerging challenges in our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgul Mete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esra Yerlikaya Zerdali
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Aygun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nese Saltoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Inanc Balkan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Karaali
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yildiz Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sungurlu State Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Berna Karaismailoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Urkmez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Tabak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Ozturk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Khodavaisy S, Badali H, Meis JF, Modiri M, Mahmoudi S, Abtahi H, Salehi M, Dehghan Manshadi SA, Aala F, Agha Kuchak Afshari S, Lotfali E, Ahangarkani F, Rezaie S. Comparative in vitro activities of seven antifungal drugs against clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:100968. [PMID: 32386800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Candida parapsilosis species complex, an important set of non-albicans Candida species, is known to cause candidaemia particularly in neonates and infants. However, the incidence has increased in recent years, owing to higher numbers of at individuals at risk for these infections. Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex isolates from Iran to seven antifungal drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred-one clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis species complex cultured from humans were included. Species identification had been previously confirmed by combined phenotypic characteristics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based assay and reconfirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA region and D1/D2 gene. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, micafungin and anidulafungin were determined against well-characterized isolates by broth microdilution susceptibility testing according to the CLSI M27-A3 guideline. RESULTS Species identifications were performed on 101 isolates, of which 88 (87.2%) C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and 13 (12.8%) C. orthopsilosis. Amphotericin B and posaconazole were the most active drugs with 100% of isolates being wild-type (WT). Voriconazole and micafungin, 99% of isolates were WT. The low activity was recorded for fluconazole and itraconazole with 93.1% and 89.1% of isolates being WT, respectively. At the species level, all Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates were WT to amphotericin B and posaconazole and all Candida orthopsilosis isolates were WT to amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin. In contrast, the highest rate of non-WT was observed in C. orthopsilosis to itraconazole (4 of 13, 30.8%). CONCLUSIONS Although almost all of the tested drugs demonstrated potent activity against C. parapsilosis species complex, it seems that more especially C. orthopsilosis isolates had decreased susceptibility to itraconazole. Further studies are needed to determine how these findings may switch into in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Modiri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Abtahi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Advanced Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and tropical medicines, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and tropical medicines, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Aala
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - S Agha Kuchak Afshari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - E Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ahangarkani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - S Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Modiri M, Hashemi SJ, GhazvinI RD, Khodavaisy S, Ahmadi A, Ghaffari M, Rezaie S. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 5:35-42. [PMID: 32104742 PMCID: PMC7034785 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.4.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 µg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 µg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002). Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Modiri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Daie GhazvinI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ghaffari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Falces-Romero I, Romero-Gómez MP, García-Rodríguez J, Cendejas-Bueno E. Isolation of Candida in the blood cultures of patients admitted to the Emergency Room in a tertiary care hospital. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:142-146. [PMID: 31377147 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Spain, data of candidemia are limited to surveys conducted in specific areas or tertiary care centers. Also, in recent years, attention has shifted toward episodes of candidemia in non-ICU wards. AIMS We reviewed the cases of Candida isolates recovered from the blood of patients admitted to the Emergency Room (ER) in our tertiary care hospital. METHODS The patients selected for this study had an isolation of Candida in the blood culture. All data were collected retrospectively from the clinical records of a 11-year period. RESULTS Candida albicans and other species of the genus were present in 10 and 18 patients, respectively. The patients did not present different clinical features in comparison with other reports of hospitalized patients. All patients had several risk factors for candidemia. Only two patients had received previous antifungal therapy before admission. All the isolates of C. albicans, Candida glabrata and the only isolate of Candida tropicalis were susceptible to all the antifungal agents tested. Only one isolate of Candida parapsilosis was susceptible dose-dependent to fluconazole, and the only isolate of Candida metapsilosis was resistant to fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to evaluate the risk factors, underlying conditions and clinical features in non-hospitalized patients in order to determine whether an empirical treatment for candidemia is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Falces-Romero
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Romero-Gómez
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio García-Rodríguez
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Cendejas-Bueno
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Arastehfar A, Khodavaisy S, Daneshnia F, Najafzadeh MJ, Mahmoudi S, Charsizadeh A, Salehi MR, Zarrinfar H, Raeisabadi A, Dolatabadi S, Zare Shahrabadi Z, Zomorodian K, Pan W, Hagen F, Boekhout T. Molecular Identification, Genotypic Diversity, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes of Infections Caused by Clinically Underrated Yeasts, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis: An Iranian Multicenter Study (2014-2019). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:264. [PMID: 31417877 PMCID: PMC6682699 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing occurrence of Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis in clinical settings, little is known about their microbiological and clinical properties. Herein, we conducted a national retrospective study (2014–2019) from multiple centers in Iran. Among the 1,770 Candida isolates collected, we identified 600 Candida parapsilosis species complex isolates. Isolate identification was performed by 9-plex PCR, matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and rDNA sequencing, and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) followed CLSI M27-A3/S4; genotyping was performed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis; and clinical information was mined. Thirty-one isolates of C. orthopsilosis from various clinical sources, one mixed sample (blood) concurrently containing C. orthopsilosis and C. parapsilosis and one isolate of C. metapsilosis from a nail sample were identified. Although both 9-plex PCR and MALDI-TOF successfully identified all isolates, only 9-plex PCR could identify the agents in a mixed sample. For the C. orthopsilosis isolates, resistance (non-wild type) was noted only for itraconazole (n = 4; 12.5%). Anidulafungin and fluconazole showed the highest and voriconazole had the lowest geometric mean values. AFLP analysis showed three main and four minor genotypes. Interestingly, 90% of nail isolates clustered with 80% of the blood isolates within two clusters, and four blood isolates recovered from four patients admitted to a hospital clustered into two genotypes and showed a high degree of similarity (>99.2%), which suggests that C. orthopsilosis disseminates horizontally. Supported by our data and published case studies, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis can be linked to challenging clinical failures, and successful outcomes are not always mirrored by in vitro susceptibility. Accordingly, conducting nationwide studies may provide more comprehensive data, which is required for a better prognosis and clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Daneshnia
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Raeisabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Dolatabadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Sabzevar University of New Technology, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Zare Shahrabadi
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Weihua Pan
- Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Pathogenesis of the Candida parapsilosis Complex in the Model Host Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080401. [PMID: 30096852 PMCID: PMC6116074 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditiselegans is a valuable tool as an infection model toward the study of Candida species. In this work, we endeavored to develop a C. elegans-Candidaparapsilosis infection model by using the fungi as a food source. Three species of the C. parapsilosis complex (C. parapsilosis (sensu stricto), Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis) caused infection resulting in C. elegans killing. All three strains that comprised the complex significantly diminished the nematode lifespan, indicating the virulence of the pathogens against the host. The infection process included invasion of the intestine and vulva which resulted in organ protrusion and hyphae formation. Importantly, hyphae formation at the vulva opening was not previously reported in C. elegans-Candida infections. Fungal infected worms in the liquid assay were susceptible to fluconazole and caspofungin and could be found to mount an immune response mediated through increased expression of cnc-4, cnc-7, and fipr-22/23. Overall, the C. elegans-C. parapsilosis infection model can be used to model C. parapsilosis host-pathogen interactions.
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15
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Ruiz de Alegría Puig C, Agüero-Balbín J, Fernández-Mazarrasa C, Martínez-Martínez L. Evaluation of the Vitek-MS™ system in the identification of Candida isolates from bloodstream infections. Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35:130-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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16
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Ortiz B, Pérez-Alemán E, Galo C, Fontecha G. Molecular identification of Candida species from urinary infections in Honduras. Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35:73-77. [PMID: 29395833 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candiduria is a common infection among hospitalised patients. Although the clinical relevance of yeasts in urine is not clearly defined, fungal urinary tract infections have increased significantly in the last decades, becoming a growing public health problem. Candida albicans is the most commonly reported species in urinary infections, although other species of the genus are becoming particularly important, because some of them are linked with resistance to antifungal drugs. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Candida species causing candiduria in a hospital in Honduras. METHODS A simple and cost-effective PCR-RFLP approach was used, by amplifying a partial sequence of the ribosomal ITS1-ITS2 region and a subsequent digestion with the enzyme MspI. RESULTS During 2016, an analysis was performed on 73 urine samples from patients of different ages. Seven species were found. Candida albicans/dubliniensis was the most frequent species (30%); Candida glabrata (28.8%) was the most isolated among the rest of the species. Candida kefyr was the least frequent species found (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time in Honduras, the frequency of the Candida species isolated from urine using PCR-RFLP for their identification. This approach could be applied in future epidemiological studies at local and national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ortiz
- Microbiology School, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, Building J1, 4th Fl. Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Erika Pérez-Alemán
- Microbiology School, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, Building J1, 4th Fl. Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carmen Galo
- Microbiology School, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Ciudad Universitaria, Building J1, 4th Fl. Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Gustavo Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, UNAH, Ciudad Universitaria, Building J1, 2nd Fl. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
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17
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Pharkjaksu S, Chongtrakool P, Suwannakarn K, Ngamskulrungroj P. Species distribution, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility among Candida parapsilosis complex isolates from clinical specimens at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, from 2011 to 2015. Med Mycol 2017; 56:426-433. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sujiraphong Pharkjaksu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand 10700
| | - Piriyaporn Chongtrakool
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand 10700
| | - Kamol Suwannakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand 10700
| | - Popchai Ngamskulrungroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand 10700
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18
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Neji S, Hadrich I, Trabelsi H, Abbes S, Cheikhrouhou F, Sellami H, Makni F, Ayadi A. Virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among Candida parapsilosis complex isolates recovered from clinical specimens. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:67. [PMID: 28870262 PMCID: PMC5582387 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm formation, the extracellular enzymatic activities of 182 clinical isolates of the Candida parapsilosis complex. Methods Molecular identification of the C. parapsilosis species complex was performed using PCR RFLP of SADH gene and PCR sequencing of ITS region. The susceptibility of ours isolates to antifungal agents and molecular mechanisms underlying azole resistance were evaluated. Results 63.5% of C. parapsilosis were phospholipase positive with moderate activity for the majority of strains. None of the C. metapsilosis or C. orthopsilosis isolates was able to produce phospholipase. Higher caseinase activities were detected in C. parapsilosis (Pz = 0.5 ± 0.18) and C. orthopsilosis (Pz = 0.49 ± 0.07) than in C. metapsilosis isolates (Pz = 0.72 ± 0.1). 96.5% of C. parapsilosis strains and all isolates of C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis produced gelatinase. All the strains possessed the ability to show haemolysis on blood agar. C. metapsilosis exhibited the low haemolysin production with statistical significant differences compared to C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis. The biofilm forming ability of C. parapsilosis was highly strain dependent with important heterogeneity, which was less evident with both C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis. Some C. parapsilosis isolates met the criterion for susceptible dose dependent to fluconazole (10.91%), itraconazole (16.36%) and voriconazole (7.27%). Moreover, 5.45% and 1.82% of C. parapsilosis isolates were respectively resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole. All strains of C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis were susceptible to azoles; and isolates of all three species exhibited 100% of susceptibility to caspofungin, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. Conclusions A combination of molecular mechanisms, including the overexpression of ERG11, and genes encoding efflux pumps (CDR1, MDR1, and MRR1) were involved in azole resistance in C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Neji
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Hadrich
- Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Houaida Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abbes
- Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Cheikhrouhou
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Sellami
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fattouma Makni
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ayadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology - Mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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19
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Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1119-1121. [PMID: 28065688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Identification of Candida parapsilosis Sensu Lato in Pediatric Patients and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02754-16. [PMID: 28483957 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02754-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 59 Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and 1 Candida orthopsilosis recovered from catheters and blood cultures of pediatric patients from the northeastern region of Argentina were studied. Susceptibility to azoles, amphotericin B, and echinocandins was tested by the broth microdilution method. According to CLSI clinical breakpoints, >91% of the strains were azole susceptible, whereas 15% showed high amphotericin B MICs.
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21
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Moreno X, Reviakina V, Panizo MM, Ferrara G, García N, Alarcón V, Garcés MF, Dolande M. [Molecular identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of blood isolates of the Candida parapsilosis species complex in Venezuela]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:165-170. [PMID: 28457646 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida parapsilosis is a species complex consisting of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis. Studies worldwide have described its epidemiology and susceptibility to antifungal agents. AIMS The aims of this study were to carry out the molecular identification of blood isolates belonging to the Candida parapsilosis species complex, and to determine their in vitro susceptibility to antifungals of systemic use. METHODS A study of 86 strains of C. parapsilosis species complex collected in 2008-2011 and obtained from the Candidaemia Surveillance Network of Mycology Department of the Rafael Rangel National Institute of Hygiene, was made. Secondary alcohol-dehydrogenase gene amplification was performed using polymerase chain reaction, and the products were analysed by restriction fragments length polymorphisms using the enzyme BanI. Susceptibility tests were performed using Etest®, following the manufacturer's instructions with modifications. RESULTS Of the 86 isolates studied, 81 (94.2%) were C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 4 (4.6%) C. orthopsilosis, and one (1.2%) C. metapsilosis. C. parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, showing low rates of resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole. C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were susceptible to all the antifungals tested. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in Venezuela provide for the first time important information about the distribution of C. parapsilosis species complex in cases of candidaemia, and support the need for continuing surveillance programs, including molecular discrimination of species and antifungal susceptibility tests, which may guide specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto Médico La Floresta, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Vera Reviakina
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María M Panizo
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Giusseppe Ferrara
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Nataly García
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Víctor Alarcón
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María F Garcés
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Maribel Dolande
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Venezuela
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22
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Barbedo LS, Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Muniz MDM, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Comparison of four molecular approaches to identify Candida parapsilosis complex species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:214-219. [PMID: 28225905 PMCID: PMC5319372 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the description of Candida orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis in 2005, several methods have been proposed to identify and differentiate these species from C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Species-specific uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed and compared with sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the LSU 28S rDNA gene, microsatellite typing of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the rDNA gene. There was agreement between results of testing of 98 clinical isolates with the four PCR-based methods, with 59 isolates identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 37 as C. orthopsilosis, and two as C. metapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Silva Barbedo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Mauro de Medeiros Muniz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Gil-Alonso S, Jauregizar N, Eraso E, Quindós G. Postantifungal effect of caspofungin against the Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis clades. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pires RH, Cataldi TR, Franceschini LM, Labate MV, Fusco-Almeida AM, Labate CA, Palma MS, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. Metabolic profiles of planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida orthopsilosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1299-1313. [PMID: 27662506 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to understand which Candida orthopsilosis protein aids fungus adaptation upon its switching from planktonic growth to biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS Ion mobility separation within mass spectrometry analysis combination were used. RESULTS Proteins mapped for different biosynthetic pathways showed that selective ribosome autophagy might occur in biofilms. Glucose, used as a carbon source in the glycolytic flux, changed to glycogen and trehalose. CONCLUSION Candida orthopsilosis expresses proteins that combine a variety of mechanisms to provide yeasts with the means to adjust the catalytic properties of enzymes. Adjustment of the enzymes helps modulate the biosynthesis/degradation rates of the available nutrients, in order to control and coordinate the metabolic pathways that enable cells to express an adequate response to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Pires
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Regiani Cataldi
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Franceschini
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Veneziano Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Department of Biology, Lab. Structural Biology & Zoochemistry, CEIS, Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
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25
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Neji S, Trabelsi H, Hadrich I, Cheikhrouhou F, Sellami H, Makni F, Ayadi A. Molecular study of the Candida parapsilosis complex in Sfax, Tunisia. Med Mycol 2016; 55:137-144. [PMID: 27555560 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis, which was previously considered to be a complex of three genetically distinct groups, has emerged as a significant agent of nosocomial infections. Recently, this complex was separated into three species: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis In Tunisia, data pertaining to these fungi are limited. Thus, the purpose of our study was to determine by BanI PCR-RFLP and ITS sequencing, the occurrence of Candida parapsilosis complex among 182 isolates identified as C. parapsilosis by phenotypical methods. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto represented 94.5% of all isolates, while C. metapsilosis and. C. orthopsilosis were identified in 3.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer region confirmed and revealed only one genotype among the C. parapsilosis sensu stricto strains, three genotypes among six C. metapsilosis strains and two genotypes among four C. orthopsilosis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Neji
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houaida Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Hadrich
- Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Cheikhrouhou
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Sellami
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fattouma Makni
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ayadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba, University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia .,Laboratory of Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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26
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Lovero G, Borghi E, Balbino S, Cirasola D, De Giglio O, Perdoni F, Caggiano G, Morace G, Montagna MT. Molecular Identification and Echinocandin Susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis Complex Bloodstream Isolates in Italy, 2007-2014. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150218. [PMID: 26919294 PMCID: PMC4769087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida parapsilosis group encompasses three species: C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis. Here, we describe the incidence and echinocandin susceptibility profile of bloodstream isolates of these three species collected from patients admitted to an Italian university hospital from 2007 to 2014. Molecular identification of cryptic species of the C. parapsilosis complex was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the gene encoding secondary alcohol dehydrogenase, followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme BanI. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the broth microdilution method according to European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST EDef 7.2) and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI M27-A3) guidelines, and the results were compared with those obtained using the E-test and Sensititre methods. Of the 163 C. parapsilosis complex isolates, 136 (83.4%) were identified as C. parapsilosis, and 27 (16.6%) as C. orthopsilosis. The species-specific incidences were 2.9/10,000 admissions for C. parapsilosis and 0.6/10,000 admissions for C. orthopsilosis. No resistance to echinocandins was detected with any of the methods. The percent essential agreement (EA) between the EUCAST and E-test/Sensititre methods for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin susceptibility was, respectively, as follows: C. parapsilosis, 95.6/97.8, 98.5/88.2, and 93.4/96.3; C. orthopsilosis, 92.6/92.6, 96.3/77.8, and 63.0/66.7. The EA between the CLSI and E-test/Sensititre methods was, respectively, as follows: C. parapsilosis, 99.3/100, 98.5/89.0, and 96.3/98.5; C. orthopsilosis, 96.3/92.6, 100/81.5, and 92.6/88.9. Only minor discrepancies, ranging from 16.9% (C. parapsilosis) to 11.1% (C. orthopsilosis), were observed between the CLSI and E-test/Sensititre methods. In conclusion, this epidemiologic study shows a typical C. parapsilosis complex species distribution, no echinocandin resistance, and it reinforces the relevance of using commercially available microbiological methods to assess antifungal susceptibility. These data improve our knowledge of the national distribution of species of the psilosis group, as there are very few studies of these species in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, Università degli Studi of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Balbino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, Università degli Studi of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Cirasola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, Università degli Studi of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Perdoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, Università degli Studi of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, Università degli Studi of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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27
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Asadzadeh M, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Gulati RR, Khan Z. First isolation of Candida metapsilosis in Kuwait, an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. J Mycol Med 2015; 26:46-50. [PMID: 26700651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Invasive infections due to uncommon and rare yeast species are increasing worldwide in prevalence and are associated with high mortality rates. Here, we describe the first isolation and characterization of Candida metapsilosis cultured from the blood sample of a 10-year-old Saudi girl, who suffered from a neurodegenerative disorder, in Kuwait. The yeast isolate was identified by sequencing of ITS region and D1/D2 domains of rDNA. The report extends the geographic distribution of C. metapsilosis to the Middle East and highlights the emerging role of uncommon yeast species causing infections in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asadzadeh
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 1311 Safat, Kuwait
| | - S Ahmad
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 1311 Safat, Kuwait
| | - N Al-Sweih
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 1311 Safat, Kuwait
| | - R R Gulati
- Pediatric Unit, Al-Jahra Hospital, Jahra, Kuwait
| | - Z Khan
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 1311 Safat, Kuwait.
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28
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Ziccardi M, Souza LOP, Gandra RM, Galdino ACM, Baptista ARS, Nunes APF, Ribeiro MA, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Candida parapsilosis (sensu lato) isolated from hospitals located in the Southeast of Brazil: Species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and virulence attributes. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:848-59. [PMID: 26319940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis (sensu lato), which represents a fungal complex composed of three genetically related species - Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis, has emerged as an important yeast causing fungemia worldwide. The goal of the present work was to assess the prevalence, antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence traits in 53 clinical isolates previously identified as C. parapsilosis (sensu lato) obtained from hospitals located in the Southeast of Brazil. Species forming this fungal complex are physiologically/morphologically indistinguishable; however, polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of FKS1 gene has solved the identification inaccuracy, revealing that 43 (81.1%) isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and 10 (18.9%) as C. orthopsilosis. No C. metapsilosis was found. The geographic distribution of these Candida species was uniform among the studied Brazilian States (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo). All C. orthopsilosis and almost all C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (95.3%) isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin. Nevertheless, one C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolate was resistant to fluconazole and another one was resistant to caspofungin. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates exhibited higher MIC mean values to amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin than those of C. orthopsilosis, while C. orthopsilosis isolates displayed higher MIC mean to itraconazole compared to C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Identical MIC mean values to voriconazole were measured for these Candida species. All the isolates of both species were able to form biofilm on polystyrene surface. Impressively, biofilm-growing cells of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis exhibited a considerable resistance to all antifungal agents tested. Pseudohyphae were observed in 67.4% and 80% of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis isolates, respectively. The secretion of phytase (93% versus 100%), aspartic protease (88.4% versus 90%), esterase (20.9% versus 50%) and hemolytic factors (25.6% versus 40%) was detected in C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis isolates, respectively; however, no phospholipase activity was identified. An interesting fact was observed concerning the caseinolytic activity, for which all the producers (53.5%) belonged to C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Collectively, our results add new data on the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and production of potential virulence attributes in clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Ziccardi
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucieri O P Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Gandra
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara M Galdino
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa R S Baptista
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Nunes
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariceli A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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29
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Ataides FS, Costa CR, Souza LKHE, Fernandes ODL, Jesuino RSA, Silva MDRR. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis complex species isolated from culture collection of clinical samples. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:454-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0120-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Feng X, Ling B, Yang X, Liao W, Pan W, Yao Z. Molecular Identification of Candida Species Isolated from Onychomycosis in Shanghai, China. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:365-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Species Distribution, Virulence Factors, and Antifungal Susceptibility Among Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates Recovered from Clinical Specimens. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:333-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Galán F, García-Agudo L, Guerrero I, Marín P, García-Tapia A, García-Martos P, Rodríguez-Iglesias M. Evaluación de la espectrometría de masas en la identificación de levaduras de interés clínico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:372-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Sena G, Aznar P, García-Agudo L, García-Martos P. Prevalencia de Candida orthopsilosis y Candida metapsilosis en muestras clínicas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:290-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Chen CY, Sheng WH, Huang SY, Chou WC, Yao M, Tang JL, Tsay W, Tien HF, Hsueh PR. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with candidaemia due toCandida parapsilosis sensu latospecies at a medical centre in Taiwan, 2000–12. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1531-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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35
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Heslop OD, De Ceulaer K, Rainford L, M Nicholson A. A case of Candida orthopsilosis associated septic arthritis in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Med Mycol Case Rep 2014; 7:1-3. [PMID: 27330938 PMCID: PMC4909869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of persistent Candida orthopsilosis associated septic arthritis. Repeated isolation of C. orthopsilosis from tissue and joint fluid was confirmed by identification of the ITS region of the rRNA gene using a Candida-Specific Luminex based assay and gene sequencing of the D1/D2 regions. This was the first case of C. orthopsilosis associated septic arthritis reported in Jamaica and in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orville D Heslop
- Depatrtment of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston7, Jamaica
| | - Karel De Ceulaer
- University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Lois Rainford
- Depatrtment of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston7, Jamaica
| | - Alison M Nicholson
- Depatrtment of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston7, Jamaica
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Candida parapsilosis Sensu Stricto and the Closely Related Species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Mycopathologia 2014; 179:111-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of yeasts causing vulvovaginitis in a teaching hospital. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:251-8. [PMID: 25005365 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common mycosis. However, the information about antifungal susceptibilities of the yeasts causing this infection is scant. We studied 121 yeasts isolated from 118 patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods, including four phenotypic methods described to differentiate Candida albicans from C. dubliniensis. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI documents M27A3 and M27S4 using the drugs available as treatment option in the hospital. Diabetes, any antibacterial and amoxicillin treatment were statistically linked with vulvovaginal candidiasis, while oral contraceptives were not considered a risk factor. Previous azole-based over-the-counter antifungal treatment was statistically associated with non-C.albicans yeasts infections. The most common isolated yeast species was C. albicans (85.2 %) followed by C. glabrata (5 %), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3.3 %), and C. dubliniensis (2.5 %). Fluconazole- and itraconazole-reduced susceptibility was observed in ten and in only one C. albicans strains, respectively. All the C. glabrata isolates showed low fluconazole MICs. Clotrimazole showed excellent potency against all but seven isolates (three C. glabrata, two S. cerevisiae, one C. albicans and one Picchia anomala). Any of the strains showed nystatin reduced susceptibility. On the other hand, terbinafine was the less potent drug. Antifungal resistance is still a rare phenomenon supporting the use of azole antifungals as empirical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Barbedo LS, Oliveira MME, Brito-Santos F, Almeida-Paes R, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Comparison of Commercial Methods and the CLSI Broth Microdilution to Determine the Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis Complex Bloodstream Isolates from Three Health Institutions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:27-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gago S, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Marconi M, Buitrago MJ, Kerhornou A, Kersey PJ, Mellado E, Cuenca-Estrella M, Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Cuesta I. Ribosomic DNA intergenic spacer 1 region is useful when identifying Candida parapsilosis spp. complex based on high-resolution melting analysis. Med Mycol 2014; 52:472-81. [PMID: 24847037 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Candida parapsilosis and the closely related species C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis has changed in recent years, justify the need to identify this complex at the species level. In this study we investigate the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to evaluate the utility of this gene region as a phylogenetic molecular marker and the suitability of a high-resolution melting (HRM) strategy based on this region for identification of members of the C. parapsilosis spp. complex. We sequenced the IGS1 and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA from 33 C. parapsilosis sensu lato strains. Although both regions are useful in identifying species, comparative sequence analysis showed that the diversity in the IGS1 region was higher than in the ITS sequences. We also developed an HRM analysis that reliably identifies C. parapsilosis spp. complex based on the amplification of 70 bp in the IGS1 region. All isolates were correctly identified with a confidence interval >98%. Our results demonstrate that HRM analysis based on the IGS1 region is a powerful tool for distinguishing C. parapsilosis from cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gago
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain Spanish Network for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Marconi
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Buitrago
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Kerhornou
- Protein and Nucleotide Database (PANDA) Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Kersey
- Protein and Nucleotide Database (PANDA) Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Mellado
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cuenca-Estrella
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Rodríguez-Tudela
- Mycology Service, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Bioinformatic Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Robl D, Thimoteo SS, de Souza GCCF, Beux MR, Dalzoto PR, Pinheiro RL, Pimentel IC. Occurrence of Candida orthopsilosis in Brazilian tomato fruits (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:105-9. [PMID: 24948920 PMCID: PMC4059283 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to isolate and identify yeasts found in the tomato fruit in order to obtain isolates with biotechnological potential, such as in control of fungal diseases that damage postharvest fruits. We identified Candida orthopsilosis strains LT18 and LT24. This is the first report of this yeast on Lycopersicum esculentum fruits in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robl
- Departamento de Microbiologia Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil
| | - S S Thimoteo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
| | - G C C F de Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
| | - M R Beux
- Departamento de Patologia Básica Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
| | - P R Dalzoto
- Departamento de Patologia Básica Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
| | - R L Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Micologia Hospital de Clínicas Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
| | - I C Pimentel
- Departamento de Patologia Básica Universidade Federal do Paraná CuritibaPR Brazil
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41
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Duran-Valle MT, Sanz-Rodriguez N, Munoz-Paraiso C, Almagro-Molto M, Gomez-Garces JL. Identification of clinical yeasts by Vitek MS system compared with API ID 32 C. Med Mycol 2014; 52:342-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Constante CC, Monteiro AA, Alves SH, Carneiro LC, Machado MM, Severo LC, Park S, Perlin DS, Pasqualotto AC. Different risk factors for candidemia occur for Candida species belonging to the C. parapsilosis complex. Med Mycol 2014; 52:403-6. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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43
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Candida orthopsilosis fungemias in a Spanish tertiary care hospital: Incidence, epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility. Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 31:145-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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44
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Identification and differentiation of Candida parapsilosis complex species by use of exon-primed intron-crossing PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1758-61. [PMID: 24622093 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00105-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida parapsilosis complex is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, and the closely related species Lodderomyces elongisporus. An exon-primed intron-crossing PCR assay was developed here to distinguish the members of the species complex on the basis of the distinct sizes of amplicons, and Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis were further discriminated by restriction enzyme analysis.
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Abi-chacra ÉA, Souza LO, Cruz LP, Braga-Silva LA, Gonçalves DS, Sodré CL, Ribeiro MD, Seabra SH, Figueiredo-Carvalho MH, Barbedo LS, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Ziccardi M, Santos AL. Phenotypical properties associated with virulence from clinical isolates belonging to theCandida parapsilosiscomplex. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:831-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Érika A. Abi-chacra
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lucieri O.P. Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lucas P. Cruz
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lys A. Braga-Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica; Instituto de Química; UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Diego S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica; Instituto de Química; UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cátia L. Sodré
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Niterói Brazil
| | - Marcos D. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia/Micologia; Instituto de Biologia do Exército (IBEx); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sergio H. Seabra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO); Duque de Caxias Brazil
| | - Maria H.G. Figueiredo-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Micologia; Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leonardo S. Barbedo
- Laboratório de Micologia; Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia; Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mariangela Ziccardi
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - André L.S. Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases (LIP); Departamento de Microbiologia Geral; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG); Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica; Instituto de Química; UFRJ; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Analysis of inteins in the Candida parapsilosis complex for simple and accurate species identification. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2830-6. [PMID: 23784117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00981-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inteins are coding sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking sequences and then are excised by an autocatalytic process. There are two types of inteins in fungi, mini-inteins and full-length inteins, both of which present a splicing domain containing well-conserved amino acid sequences. Full-length inteins also present a homing endonuclease domain that makes the intein a mobile genetic element. These parasitic genetic elements are located in highly conserved genes and may allow for the differentiation of closely related species of the Candida parapsilosis (psilosis) complex. The correct identification of the three psilosis complex species C. parapsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, and Candida orthopsilosis is very important in the clinical setting for improving antifungal therapy and patient care. In this work, we analyzed inteins that are present in the vacuolar ATPase gene VMA and in the threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene ThrRS in 85 strains of the Candida psilosis complex (46 C. parapsilosis, 17 C. metapsilosis, and 22 C. orthopsilosis). Here, we describe an accessible and accurate technique based on a single PCR that is able to differentiate the psilosis complex based on the VMA intein. Although the ThrRS intein does not distinguish the three species of the psilosis complex by PCR product size, it can differentiate them by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, this intein is unusually present as both mini- and full-length forms in C. orthopsilosis. Additional population studies should be performed to address whether this represents a common intraspecific variability or the presence of subspecies within C. orthopsilosis.
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Gamarra S, Dudiuk C, Mancilla E, Vera Garate MV, Guerrero S, Garcia-Effron G. Molecular tools for cryptic Candida species identification with applications in a clinical laboratory. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 41:180-186. [PMID: 23625865 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Candida spp. includes more than 160 species but only 20 species pose clinical problems. C. albicans and C. parapsilosis account for more than 75% of all the fungemias worldwide. In 1995 and 2005, one C. albicans and two C. parapsilosis-related species were described, respectively. Using phenotypic traits, the identification of these newly described species is inconclusive or impossible. Thus, molecular-based procedures are mandatory. In the proposed educational experiment we have adapted different basic molecular biology techniques designed to identify these species including PCR, multiplex PCR, PCR-based restriction endonuclease analysis and nuclear ribosomal RNA amplification. During the classes, students acquired the ability to search and align gene sequences, design primers, and use bioinformatics software. Also, in the performed experiments, fungal molecular taxonomy concepts were introduced and the obtained results demonstrated that classic identification (phenotypic) in some cases needs to be complemented with molecular-based techniques. As a conclusion we can state that we present an inexpensive and well accepted group of classes involving important concepts that can be recreated in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Gamarra
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Santa Fe (CP 3000), Argentina
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida is the third most common cause of late-onset neonatal sepsis in infants born at <1500 g. Candida parapsilosis infections are increasingly reported in preterm neonates in association with indwelling catheters. METHODS We systematically reviewed neonatal literature and synthesized data pertaining to percentage of C. parapsilosis infections and mortality by meta-analyses. We also reviewed risk factors, virulence determinants, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and outlined clinical management strategies. RESULTS C. parapsilosis infections comprised 33.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.02, 37.31) of all neonatal Candida infections. C. parapsilosis rates were similar in studies performed before the year 2000, 33.53% (95% CI: 30.06, 37.40) (28 studies), to those after 2000, 27.00% (95% CI: 8.25, 88.37) (8 studies). The mortality due to neonatal C. parapsilosis infections was 10.02% (95% CI: 7.66, 13.12). Geographical variations in C. parapsilosis infections included a low incidence in Europe and higher incidence in North America and Australia. Biofilm formation was a significant virulence determinant and predominant risk factors for C. parapsilosis infections were prematurity, prior colonization and catheterization. Amphotericin B remains the antifungal drug of choice and combination therapy with caspofungin or other echinocandins may be considered in resistant cases. CONCLUSION C. parapsilosis is a significant neonatal pathogen, comprises a third of all Candida infections and is associated with 10% mortality. Availability of tools for genetic manipulation of this organism will identify virulence determinants and organism characteristics that may explain predilection for preterm neonates. Strategies to prevent horizontal transmission in the neonatal unit are paramount in decreasing infection rates.
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Chow BDW, Linden JR, Bliss JM. Candida parapsilosis and the neonate: epidemiology, virulence and host defense in a unique patient setting. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013; 10:935-46. [PMID: 23030332 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is a common problem in premature infants that leads to high morbidity and mortality. Although Candida albicans has historically been the most prominent species involved in these infections and has therefore been the subject of the most study, Candida parapsilosis is increasing in frequency, and neonates are disproportionately affected. This article reviews unique aspects of the epidemiology of this organism as well as strategies for prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in general. Additionally, important differences between C. parapsilosis and C. albicans are coming to light related to virulence determinants and interactions with components of host immunity. These developments are reviewed while highlighting the significant gaps in our understanding that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D W Chow
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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50
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Ruiz LDS, Khouri S, Hahn RC, da Silva EG, de Oliveira VKP, Gandra RF, Paula CR. Candidemia by Species of the Candida parapsilosis Complex in Children’s Hospital: Prevalence, Biofilm Production and Antifungal Susceptibility. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:231-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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