1
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Boya BR, Lee JH, Lee J. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of chromone derivatives against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127537. [PMID: 37922697 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a urinary tract pathogen responsible for most nosocomial urinary tract infections and can cause severe conditions like acute cystitis of the bladder or pyelonephritis. UPEC harbors a host of virulence factors like curli, hemolysin, siderophore, and motility factors and can form biofilm-like communities and quiescent reservoirs that aid its survival. This study was performed to investigate the antibiofilm, antimicrobial, and antivirulence potentials of three chromone derivatives, namely, 6-bromo 3-formylchromone, 6-chloro 3-formylchromone, and 3-formyl 6-isopropylchromone. These chromones had MICs against UPEC of 20, 20, and 50 µg/ml, respectively, inhibited biofilm formation by 72-96% at 20 µg/ml, and inhibited UPEC-associated virulence factors, that is, hemolysis, motility, curli, siderophore production, indole production, quiescent colony formation, and cell surface hydrophobicity. Gene expression analysis indicated these three derivatives downregulated virulence genes associated with toxins, biofilm production, and stress regulation and suggested they might target two-component UvrY response regulator. 3D-QSAR analysis showed that substitutions at the third and sixth positions of the chromone scaffold favor antimicrobial activity against UPEC. Furthermore, ADME profiles and C. elegans cytotoxicity assays indicated that these chromone derivatives are potent, safe drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Reddy Boya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lu KY, Wagner NJ, Velez AZ, Ceppe A, Conlon BP, Muhlebach MS. Antibiotic Tolerance and Treatment Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0406122. [PMID: 36519944 PMCID: PMC9927320 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04061-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in U.S. cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes in CF. These infections often become chronic despite repeated antibiotic therapy. Here, we assessed whether bacterial phenotypes, including antibiotic tolerance, can predict the clinical outcomes of MRSA infections. MRSA isolates (n = 90) collected at the incident (i.e., acute) and early infection states from 57 patients were characterized for growth rates, biofilm formation, hemolysis, pigmentation, and vancomycin tolerance. The resistance profiles were consistent with those in prior studies. Isolates from the early stage of infection were found to produce biofilms, and 70% of the isolates exhibited delta-hemolysis, an indicator of agr activity. Strong vancomycin tolerance was present in 24% of the isolates but was not associated with intermediate vancomycin susceptibility. There were no associations between these phenotypic measures, antibiotic tolerance, and MRSA clearance. Our research suggests that additional factors may be relevant for predicting the clearance of MRSA. IMPORTANCE Chronic MRSA infections remain challenging to treat in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The ability of the bacterial population to survive high concentrations of bactericidal antibiotics, including vancomycin, despite lacking resistance is considered one of the main reasons for treatment failures. The connection between antibiotic tolerance and treatment outcomes remains unexplored and can be crucial for prognosis and regimen design toward eradication. In this study, we measured the capacity of 90 MRSA isolates from CF patients to form vancomycin-tolerant persister cells and evaluated their correlation with the clinical outcomes. Additionally, various traits that could reflect the metabolism and/or virulence of those MRSA isolates were systematically phenotyped and included for their predictive power. Our research highlights that despite the importance of antibiotic tolerance, additional factors need to be considered for predicting the clearance of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikki J. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Z. Velez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Agathe Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marianne S. Muhlebach
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Genome-wide screen in human plasma identifies multifaceted complement evasion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011023. [PMID: 36696456 PMCID: PMC9901815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen, is a leading cause of bacteremia with a high mortality rate. We recently reported that P. aeruginosa forms a persister-like sub-population of evaders in human plasma. Here, using a gain-of-function transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) screen in plasma, we identified and validated previously unknown factors affecting bacterial persistence in plasma. Among them, we identified a small periplasmic protein, named SrgA, whose expression leads to up to a 100-fold increase in resistance to killing. Additionally, mutants in pur and bio genes displayed higher tolerance and persistence, respectively. Analysis of several steps of the complement cascade and exposure to an outer-membrane-impermeable drug, nisin, suggested that the mutants impede membrane attack complex (MAC) activity per se. Electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the formation of polyphosphate (polyP) granules upon incubation in plasma of different size in purD and wild-type strains, implying the bacterial response to a stress signal. Indeed, inactivation of ppk genes encoding polyP-generating enzymes lead to significant elimination of persisting bacteria from plasma. Through this study, we shed light on a complex P. aeruginosa response to the plasma conditions and discovered the multifactorial origin of bacterial resilience to MAC-induced killing.
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4
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Thomson M, Liu Y, Nunta K, Cheyne A, Fernandes N, Williams R, Garza-Garcia A, Larrouy-Maumus G. Expression of a novel mycobacterial phosphodiesterase successfully lowers cAMP levels resulting in reduced tolerance to cell wall-targeting antimicrobials. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102151. [PMID: 35718063 PMCID: PMC9293780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP and antimicrobial susceptibility in mycobacteriaAntimicrobial tolerance, the ability to survive exposure to antimicrobials via transient nonspecific means, promotes the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study of the molecular mechanisms that result in antimicrobial tolerance is therefore essential for the understanding of AMR. In gram-negative bacteria, the second messenger molecule 3'',5''-cAMP has been previously shown to be involved in AMR. In mycobacteria, however, the role of cAMP in antimicrobial tolerance has been difficult to probe due to its particular complexity. In order to address this difficulty, here, through unbiased biochemical approaches consisting in the fractionation of clear protein lysate from a mycobacterial strain deleted for the known cAMP phosphodiesterase (Rv0805c) combined with mass spectrometry techniques, we identified a novel cyclic nucleotide-degrading phosphodiesterase enzyme (Rv1339) and developed a system to significantly decrease intracellular cAMP levels through plasmid expression of Rv1339 using the constitutive expression system, pVV16. In Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, we demonstrate that recombinant expression of Rv1339 reduced cAMP levels threefold and resulted in altered gene expression, impaired bioenergetics, and a disruption in peptidoglycan biosynthesis leading to decreased tolerance to antimicrobials that target cell wall synthesis such as ethambutol, D-cycloserine, and vancomycin. This work increases our understanding of the role of cAMP in mycobacterial antimicrobial tolerance, and our observations suggest that nucleotide signaling may represent a new target for the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thomson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Liu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kanokkan Nunta
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Cheyne
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Fernandes
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Williams
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,For correspondence: Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
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5
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Voortman L, Johnston RJ. Transcriptional repression in stochastic gene expression, patterning, and cell fate specification. Dev Biol 2022; 481:129-138. [PMID: 34688689 PMCID: PMC8665150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Development is often driven by signaling and lineage-specific cues, yielding highly uniform and reproducible outcomes. Development also involves mechanisms that generate noise in gene expression and random patterns across tissues. Cells sometimes randomly choose between two or more cell fates in a mechanism called stochastic cell fate specification. This process diversifies cell types in otherwise homogenous tissues. Stochastic mechanisms have been extensively studied in prokaryotes where noisy gene activation plays a pivotal role in controlling cell fates. In eukaryotes, transcriptional repression stochastically limits gene expression to generate random patterns and specify cell fates. Here, we review our current understanding of repressive mechanisms that produce random patterns of gene expression and cell fates in flies, plants, mice, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Voortman
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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6
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Liu X, Liu G, Wu Y, Pang X, Wu Y, Qinshu, Niu J, Chen Q, Zhang X. Transposon sequencing: A powerful tool for the functional genomic study of food-borne pathogens. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Salcedo-Sora JE, Kell DB. A Quantitative Survey of Bacterial Persistence in the Presence of Antibiotics: Towards Antipersister Antimicrobial Discovery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E508. [PMID: 32823501 PMCID: PMC7460088 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial persistence to antibiotics relates to the phenotypic ability to survive lethal concentrations of otherwise bactericidal antibiotics. The quantitative nature of the time-kill assay, which is the sector's standard for the study of antibiotic bacterial persistence, is an invaluable asset for global, unbiased, and cross-species analyses. Methods: We compiled the results of antibiotic persistence from antibiotic-sensitive bacteria during planktonic growth. The data were extracted from a sample of 187 publications over the last 50 years. The antibiotics used in this compilation were also compared in terms of structural similarity to fluorescent molecules known to accumulate in Escherichia coli. Results: We reviewed in detail data from 54 antibiotics and 36 bacterial species. Persistence varies widely as a function of the type of antibiotic (membrane-active antibiotics admit the fewest), the nature of the growth phase and medium (persistence is less common in exponential phase and rich media), and the Gram staining of the target organism (persistence is more common in Gram positives). Some antibiotics bear strong structural similarity to fluorophores known to be taken up by E. coli, potentially allowing competitive assays. Some antibiotics also, paradoxically, seem to allow more persisters at higher antibiotic concentrations. Conclusions: We consolidated an actionable knowledge base to support a rational development of antipersister antimicrobials. Persistence is seen as a step on the pathway to antimicrobial resistance, and we found no organisms that failed to exhibit it. Novel antibiotics need to have antipersister activity. Discovery strategies should include persister-specific approaches that could find antibiotics that preferably target the membrane structure and permeability of slow-growing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Enrique Salcedo-Sora
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Fino C, Vestergaard M, Ingmer H, Pierrel F, Gerdes K, Harms A. PasT of Escherichia coli sustains antibiotic tolerance and aerobic respiration as a bacterial homolog of mitochondrial Coq10. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1064. [PMID: 32558363 PMCID: PMC7424257 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic‐tolerant persisters are often implicated in treatment failure of chronic and relapsing bacterial infections, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Controversies revolve around the relative contribution of specific genetic switches called toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules and global modulation of cellular core functions such as slow growth. Previous studies on uropathogenic Escherichia coli observed impaired persister formation for mutants lacking the pasTI locus that had been proposed to encode a TA module. Here, we show that pasTI is not a TA module and that the supposed toxin PasT is instead the bacterial homolog of mitochondrial protein Coq10 that enables the functionality of the respiratory electron carrier ubiquinone as a “lipid chaperone.” Consistently, pasTI mutants show pleiotropic phenotypes linked to defective electron transport such as decreased membrane potential and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. We link impaired persister formation of pasTI mutants to a global distortion of cellular stress responses due to defective respiration. Remarkably, the ectopic expression of human coq10 largely complements the respiratory defects and decreased persister levels of pasTI mutants. Our work suggests that PasT/Coq10 has a central role in respiratory electron transport that is conserved from bacteria to humans and sustains bacterial tolerance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fino
- Department of Biology, Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Biology, Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Kenn Gerdes
- Department of Biology, Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Harms
- Department of Biology, Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Focal Area of Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Shimizu K, Matsuoka Y. Redox rebalance against genetic perturbations and modulation of central carbon metabolism by the oxidative stress regulation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107441. [PMID: 31472206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The micro-aerophilic organisms and aerobes as well as yeast and higher organisms have evolved to gain energy through respiration (via oxidative phosphorylation), thereby enabling them to grow much faster than anaerobes. However, during respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are inherently (inevitably) generated, and threaten the cell's survival. Therefore, living organisms (or cells) must furnish the potent defense systems to keep such ROSs at harmless level, where the cofactor balance plays crucial roles. Namely, NADH is the source of energy generation (catabolism) in the respiratory chain reactions, through which ROSs are generated, while NADPH plays important roles not only for the cell synthesis (anabolism) but also for detoxifying ROSs. Therefore, the cell must rebalance the redox ratio by modulating the fluxes of the central carbon metabolism (CCM) by regulating the multi-level regulation machinery upon genetic perturbations and the change in the growth conditions. Here, we discuss about how aerobes accomplish such cofactor homeostasis against redox perturbations. In particular, we consider how single-gene mutants (including pgi, pfk, zwf, gnd and pyk mutants) modulate their metabolisms in relation to cofactor rebalance (and also by adaptive laboratory evolution). We also discuss about how the overproduction of NADPH (by the pathway gene mutation) can be utilized for the efficient production of useful value-added chemicals such as medicinal compounds, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and amino acids, all of which require NADPH in their synthetic pathways. We then discuss about the metabolic responses against oxidative stress, where αketoacids play important roles not only for the coordination between catabolism and anabolism, but also for detoxifying ROSs by non-enzymatic reactions, as well as for reducing the production of ROSs by repressing the activities of the TCA cycle and respiration (via carbon catabolite repression). Thus, we discuss about the mechanisms (basic strategies) that modulate the metabolism from respiration to respiro-fermentative metabolism causing overflow, based on the role of Pyk activity, affecting the NADPH production at the oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, and the roles of αketoacids for the change in the source of energy generation from the oxidative phosphorylation to the substrate level phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shimizu
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio university, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.
| | - Yu Matsuoka
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan.
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10
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Cyclic AMP Regulates Bacterial Persistence through Repression of the Oxidative Stress Response and SOS-Dependent DNA Repair in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.02144-17. [PMID: 29317513 PMCID: PMC5760743 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02144-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial persistence is a transient, nonheritable physiological state that provides tolerance to bactericidal antibiotics. The stringent response, toxin-antitoxin modules, and stochastic processes, among other mechanisms, play roles in this phenomenon. How persistence is regulated is relatively ill defined. Here we show that cyclic AMP, a global regulator of carbon catabolism and other core processes, is a negative regulator of bacterial persistence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli, as measured by survival after exposure to a β-lactam antibiotic. This phenotype is regulated by a set of genes leading to an oxidative stress response and SOS-dependent DNA repair. Thus, persister cells tolerant to cell wall-acting antibiotics must cope with oxidative stress and DNA damage and these processes are regulated by cyclic AMP in uropathogenic E. coli. Bacterial persister cells are important in relapsing infections in patients treated with antibiotics and also in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Our results show that in uropathogenic E. coli, the second messenger cyclic AMP negatively regulates persister cell formation, since in its absence much more persister cells form that are tolerant to β-lactams antibiotics. We reveal the mechanism to be decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, specifically hydroxyl radicals, and SOS-dependent DNA repair. Our findings suggest that the oxidative stress response and DNA repair are relevant pathways to target in the design of persister-specific antibiotic compounds.
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11
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Hussain HI, Iqbal Z, Seleem MN, Huang D, Sattar A, Hao H, Yuan Z. Virulence and transcriptome profile of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8335. [PMID: 28827616 PMCID: PMC5567091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry and poultry products; however, limited data are available regarding their resistance- and virulence-associated gene expression profiles. This study was designed to examine the resistance and virulence of poultry E. coli strains in vitro and in vivo via antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation and adhesion, and invasion and intracellular survivability assays in Caco-2 and Raw 264.7 cell lines as well as the determination of the median lethal dose in two-day old chickens. A clinical pathogenic multidrug-resistant isolate, E. coli 381, isolated from broilers, was found to be highly virulent in cell culture and 1000-fold more virulent in a chicken model than other strains; accordingly, the isolate was subsequently selected for transcriptome analysis. The comparative gene expression profile of MDR E. coli 381 and the reference human strain E. coli ATCC 25922 was completed with Illumina HiSeq. 2500 transcriptome analysis. Differential gene expression analysis indicates that there are multiple pathways involved in the resistance and virulence of this highly virulent strain. The results garnered from this study provide critical information about the highly virulent MDR E. coli strain of poultry origin and warrant further investigation due to its significant threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz I Hussain
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Deyu Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Adeel Sattar
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Paulsen IT, Cain AK, Hassan KA. Physical enrichment of transposon mutants from saturation mutant libraries using the TraDISort approach. Mob Genet Elements 2017; 7:1-7. [PMID: 28580195 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2017.1313805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposon-insertion sequencing methods are finding their way into the molecular toolbox of many fields of microbiology. These methods can identify the genomic locations and density of transposon insertions in saturated transposon mutant libraries and can be used to make inferences on gene function. For example, where no insertions or very few insertions are identified within a gene in a mutant library grown under permissive conditions, the gene may be essential. Furthermore, where mutations are enriched or lost in a gene after passaging the library through a selective process, the gene is likely to be involved in phenotypes linked to the process. Typically, a fitness based selection such as a stress condition is used in these experiments and the processed sequencing data are used to identify genes required for fitness under the selection. Our research team recently expanded the utility of the transposon directed insertion sequencing (TraDIS) method by applying a physical separation of a transposon mutant library mediated by fluorescence activated cell sorting, rather than a fitness-based selection. This approach, which we have named "TraDISort" is significant because it allows the study of phenotypes that are not linked to cell survival. The TraDISort approach has a broad range of future applications, in drug development, metabolic engineering and in studies of basic bacterial cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy K Cain
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Liverpool School Tropical Medicine, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Karl A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.,School of BioMedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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