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Yoon Y, Seo YS, Cho M. Assessment of elimination efficacy on foodborne pathogenic microbes and foulant precipitates using phytic acid and sulfamic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142706. [PMID: 38936490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the comparative efficacy of sulfamic acid (SA) and phytic acid (PA), both individually and in combination, for treating potential foodborne pathogens and pre-formed foulants. Pathogens studied included Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli DH5α, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and vegetative Bacillus cereus, in suspended aqueous solutions, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces. Inactivation kinetics for Listeria monocytogenes revealed concentration-dependent rate constants (k) of 6.6(±0.2)×10-6 M and 2.8(±0.1)×10-8 M for single treatments of SA and PA, respectively, and ranged from 6.9(±0.3) to 50.7(±2.3)×10-6 M for combined treatments with PA pre-treatment concentrations of 75-758 μM. Observable cellular abnormalities in Listeria monocytogenes, such as membrane vesiculation, chelation, cellular disruption, biomolecule leakage, and lipid peroxidation, were identified after exposure to PA or SA, either individually or in combination. The optimized combined treatment of PA and SA achieved significant removal (i.e., >3-log; 99.9%) of potential foodborne pathogens under simulated food-washing process conditions. Additionally, over 90% descaling efficacy was observed for pre-formed foulants such as CaCO3 precipitates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces with the combined treatment. These findings provide novel insights into the versatile utility of PA and SA for optimizing combinational water disinfection systems and addressing (in)organic foulant scaling on surfaces in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- GwangJu Institute, 55, Jingoksandanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62465, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- R&D Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd., Iksan, 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Peregrino ES, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Vázquez-Flores L, Estrada-Parra S, Wong-Baeza C, Serafín-López J, Wong-Baeza I. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6210. [PMID: 38892397 PMCID: PMC11172497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have several mechanisms to evade the host's immune response and achieve an efficient infection. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a relevant cellular communication mechanism, since they can interact with other bacterial cells and with host cells. In this review, we focus on the EVs produced by some World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria; by spore-producing bacteria; by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacteria with a complex cell wall); and by Treponema pallidum (a bacteria without lipopolysaccharide). We describe the classification and the general properties of bacterial EVs, their role during bacterial infections and their effects on the host immune response. Bacterial EVs contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate innate immune receptors, which leads to cytokine production and inflammation, but they also contain antigens that induce the activation of B and T cell responses. Understanding the many effects of bacterial EVs on the host's immune response can yield new insights on the pathogenesis of clinically important infections, but it can also lead to the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In addition, since EVs are efficient activators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses, they constitute a promising platform for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud S. Peregrino
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
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3
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Jiang B, Lai Y, Xiao W, Zhong T, Liu F, Gong J, Huang J. Microbial extracellular vesicles contribute to antimicrobial resistance. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012143. [PMID: 38696356 PMCID: PMC11065233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the escalating global antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies against drug-resistant microbes. Accumulating evidence indicates microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, comprehensively elucidating the roles and mechanisms of microbial EVs in conferring resistance could provide new perspectives and avenues for novel antimicrobial approaches. In this review, we systematically examine current research on antimicrobial resistance involving bacterial, fungal, and parasitic EVs, delineating the mechanisms whereby microbial EVs promote resistance. Finally, we discuss the application of bacterial EVs in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Lai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Xiao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjie Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junyun Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Muñoz-Echeverri LM, Benavides-López S, Geiger O, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:174. [PMID: 38642254 PMCID: PMC11032300 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are non-replicative nanostructures released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as a survival mechanism and inter- and intraspecific communication mechanism. Due to BEVs physical, biochemical, and biofunctional characteristics, there is interest in producing and using them in developing new therapeutics, vaccines, or delivery systems. However, BEV release is typically low, limiting their application. Here, we provide a biotechnological perspective to enhance BEV production, highlighting current strategies. The strategies include the production of hypervesiculating strains through gene modification, bacteria culture under stress conditions, and artificial vesicles production. We discussed the effect of these production strategies on BEVs types, morphology, composition, and activity. Furthermore, we summarized general aspects of BEV biogenesis, functional capabilities, and applications, framing their current importance and the need to produce them in abundance. This review will expand the knowledge about the range of strategies associated with BEV bioprocesses to increase their productivity and extend their application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Muñoz-Echeverri
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Santiago Benavides-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio B, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México.
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Mansky J, Wang H, Wagner-Döbler I, Tomasch J. The effect of site-specific recombinases XerCD on the removal of over-replicated chromosomal DNA through outer membrane vesicles in bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0234323. [PMID: 38349173 PMCID: PMC10913375 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02343-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are universally produced by Gram-negative bacteria and play important roles in symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. The DNA from the lumen of OMVs from the Alphaproteobacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae was previously shown to be enriched for the region around the terminus of replication ter and specifically for the recognition sequence dif of the two site-specific recombinases XerCD. These enzymes are highly conserved in bacteria and play an important role in the last phase of cell division. Here, we show that a similar enrichment of ter and dif is found in the DNA inside OMVs from Prochlorococcus marinus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli. The deletion of xerC or xerD in E. coli reduced the enrichment peak directly at the dif sequence, while the enriched DNA region around ter became broader, demonstrating that either enzyme influences the DNA content inside the lumen of OMVs. We propose that the intra-vesicle DNA originated from over-replication repair and the XerCD enzymes might play a role in this process, providing them with a new function in addition to resolving chromosome dimers.IMPORTANCEImprecise termination of replication can lead to over-replicated parts of bacterial chromosomes that have to be excised and removed from the dividing cell. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our data show that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from diverse Gram-negative bacteria are enriched for DNA around the terminus of replication ter and the site-specific XerCD recombinases influence this enrichment. Clearing the divisome from over-replicated parts of the bacterial chromosome might be a so far unrecognized and conserved function of OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mansky
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tomasch
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Science–Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Olovo CV, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341670. [PMID: 38666762 PMCID: PMC11057571 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD. This review discusses the overview of MVs and their impact in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. We further discuss the technical challenges facing this research area and possible research questions addressing these challenges. We summarize recent advances in the diverse relationship between IBD and MVs, and the application of this knowledge as a viable and potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Atto B, Anteneh Y, Bialasiewicz S, Binks MJ, Hashemi M, Hill J, Thornton RB, Westaway J, Marsh RL. The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 38202177 PMCID: PMC10779485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various 'omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB-bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut-lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Atto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Yitayal Anteneh
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jane Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Spire Health Technology, PBC, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth B. Thornton
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob Westaway
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
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Jiménez‐Guerrero I, López‐Baena FJ, Borrero‐de Acuña JM, Pérez‐Montaño F. Membrane vesicle engineering with "à la carte" bacterial-immunogenic molecules for organism-free plant vaccination. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2223-2235. [PMID: 37530752 PMCID: PMC10686165 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Nations heralds a world population exponential increase exceeding 9.7 billion by 2050. This poses the challenge of covering the nutritional needs of an overpopulated world by the hand of preserving the environment. Extensive agriculture practices harnessed the employment of fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop productivity and prevent economic and harvest yield losses attributed to plagues and diseases. Unfortunately, the concomitant hazardous effects stemmed from such agriculture techniques are cumbersome, that is, biodiversity loss, soils and waters contaminations, and human and animal poisoning. Hence, the so-called 'green agriculture' research revolves around designing novel biopesticides and plant growth-promoting bio-agents to the end of curbing the detrimental effects. In this field, microbe-plant interactions studies offer multiple possibilities for reshaping the plant holobiont physiology to its benefit. Along these lines, bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles emerge as an appealing molecular tool to capitalize on. These nanoparticles convey a manifold of molecules that mediate intricate bacteria-plant interactions including plant immunomodulation. Herein, we bring into the spotlight bacterial extracellular membrane vesicle engineering to encase immunomodulatory effectors into their cargo for their application as biocontrol agents. The overarching goal is achieving plant priming by deploying its innate immune responses thereby preventing upcoming infections.
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Mathur S, Erickson SK, Goldberg LR, Hills S, Radin AGB, Schertzer JW. OprF functions as a latch to direct Outer Membrane Vesicle release in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.12.566662. [PMID: 37986865 PMCID: PMC10659412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) contribute to virulence, competition, immune avoidance and communication. This has led to great interest in how they are formed. To date, investigation has focused almost exclusively on what controls the initiation of OMV biogenesis. Regardless of the mechanism of initiation, all species face a similar challenge before an OMV can be released: How does the OM detach from the underlying peptidoglycan (PG) in regions that will ultimately bulge and then vesiculate? The OmpA family of OM proteins (OprF in P. aeruginosa) is widely conserved and unusually abundant in OMVs across species considering their major role in PG attachment. OmpA homologs also have the interesting ability to adopt both PG-bound (two-domain) and PG-released (one-domain) conformations. Using targeted deletion of the PG-binding domain we showed that loss of cell wall association, and not general membrane destabilization, is responsible for hypervesiculation in OprF-modified strains. We therefore propose that OprF functions as a 'latch', capable of releasing PG in regions destined to become OMVs. To test this hypothesis, we developed a protocol to assess OprF conformation in live cells and purified OMVs. While >90% of OprF proteins exist in the two-domain conformation in the OM of cells, we show that the majority of OprF in OMVs is present in the one-domain conformation. With this work, we take some of the first steps in characterizing late-stage OMV biogenesis and identify a family of proteins whose critical role can be explained by their unique ability to fold into two distinct conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrestha Mathur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Susan K Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Leah R Goldberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Sonia Hills
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Abigail G B Radin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Jeffrey W Schertzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
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10
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Li X, Wang G, Guo Q, Cui B, Wang M, Song S, Yang L, Deng Y. Membrane-enclosed Pseudomonas quinolone signal attenuates bacterial virulence by interfering with quorum sensing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0118423. [PMID: 37796010 PMCID: PMC10617430 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01184-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-delivered Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) plays a critical role in cell-cell communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the functions and mechanisms of membrane-enclosed PQS in interspecies communication in microbial communities are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that PQS delivered by both OMVs from P. aeruginosa and liposome reduces the competitiveness of Burkholderia cenocepacia, which usually shares the same niche in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, by interfering with quorum sensing (QS) in B. cenocepacia through the LysR-type regulator ShvR. Intriguingly, we found that ShvR regulates the production of the QS signals cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) and N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) by directly binding to the promoters of signal synthase-encoding genes. Perception of PQS influences the regulatory activity of ShvR and thus ultimately reduces QS signal production and virulence in B. cenocepacia. Our findings provide insights into the interspecies communication mediated by the membrane-enclosed QS signal among bacterial species residing in the same microbial community.IMPORTANCEQuorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell-to-cell communication mechanism. Previous studies showed that Burkholderia cenocepacia mainly employs cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) and N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) QS systems to regulate biological functions and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) delivered by outer membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or liposome attenuates B. cenocepacia virulence by targeting the LysR-type regulator ShvR, which regulates the production of the QS signals BDSF and AHL in B. cenocepacia. Our results not only suggest the important roles of membrane-enclosed PQS in interspecies and interkingdom communications but also provide a new perspective on the use of functional nanocarriers loaded with QS inhibitors for treating pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gerun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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11
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Gan Y, Zhao G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wu MX, Lu M. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301357. [PMID: 37357142 PMCID: PMC10477901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much-concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Gan
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Mei X. Wu
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General HospitalDepartment of DermatologyHarvard Medical School, 50 Blossom StreetBostonMA02114USA
| | - Min Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
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12
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Taitz JJ, Tan JK, Potier-Villette C, Ni D, King NJ, Nanan R, Macia L. Diet, commensal microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles, and host immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250163. [PMID: 37137164 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has co-evolved with its host, and commensal bacteria can influence both the host's immune development and function. Recently, a role has emerged for bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as potent immune modulators. BEVs are nanosized membrane vesicles produced by all bacteria, possessing the membrane characteristics of the originating bacterium and carrying an internal cargo that may include nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Thus, BEVs possess multiple avenues for regulating immune processes, and have been implicated in allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. BEVs are biodistributed locally in the gut, and also systemically, and thus have the potential to affect both the local and systemic immune responses. The production of gut microbiota-derived BEVs is regulated by host factors such as diet and antibiotic usage. Specifically, all aspects of nutrition, including macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and food additives (the antimicrobial sodium benzoate), can regulate BEV production. This review summarizes current knowledge of the powerful links between nutrition, antibiotics, gut microbiota-derived BEV, and their effects on immunity and disease development. It highlights the potential of targeting or utilizing gut microbiota-derived BEV as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma J Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian K Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Potier-Villette
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jc King
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Yang J, Jia F, Qiao Y, Hai Z, Zhou X. Correlation between bacterial extracellular vesicles and antibiotics: A potentially antibacterial strategy. Microb Pathog 2023:106167. [PMID: 37224984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are proteoliposome nanoparticles that are secreted by both Gram-negative (G-) and Gram-positive (G+) bacteria. BEVs have significant roles in various physiological processes of bacteria, including driving inflammatory responses, regulating bacterial pathogenesis, and promoting bacterial survival in diverse environments. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of BEVs as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. BEVs have shown great promise as a new approach to antibiotics, as well as a drug-delivery tool in antimicrobial strategies. In this review, we provide a summary of recent scientific advances in BEVs and antibiotics, including BEV biogenesis, ability to kill bacteria, potential for delivering antibiotics, and their role in the development of vaccines or as immune adjuvants. We propose that BEVs provide a novel antimicrobial strategy that would be beneficial against the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliu Yang
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010058, China
| | - Yarui Qiao
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hai
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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14
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Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5. [PMID: 36932221 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer membrane or from endolysin-triggered explosive cell lysis, which is often induced by genotoxic stress. Although less is known about the mechanisms of vesiculation in Gram-positive and Gram-neutral bacteria, recent research has shown that both lysis and blebbing mechanisms also exist in these organisms. Evidence has accumulated over the past years that different biogenesis routes lead to distinct types of MV with varied structure and composition. In this Review, we discuss the different types of MV and their potential cargo packaging mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge regarding how MV composition determines their various functions including support of bacterial growth via the disposal of waste material, nutrient scavenging, export of bioactive molecules, DNA transfer, neutralization of phages, antibiotics and bactericidal functions, delivery of virulence factors and toxins to host cells and inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic bacterial secretion systems and we introduce the concept of quantal secretion.
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15
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Chen LJ, Jing XP, Meng DL, Wu TT, Zhou H, Sun RL, Min XC, Liu R, Zeng J. Newly Detected Transmission of bla KPC-2 by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:80-85. [PMID: 36602673 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) is a global public health problem. It is mainly caused by the plasmid-carried carbapenemase gene. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain toxins and other factors involved in various biological processes, including β-lactamase and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study aimed to reveal the transmission mechanism of OMV-mediated drug resistance of Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae. METHODS We selected CR-KP producing K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) to study whether they can transfer resistance genes through OMVs. The OMVs of CR-KP were obtained by ultracentrifugation, and incubated with carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumoniae for 4 h. Finally, the carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumoniae was tested for the presence of blaKPC-2 resistance gene and its sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics. RESULTS The existence of OMVs was observed by the electron microscopy. The extracted OMVs had blaKPC-2 resistance gene. After incubation with OMVs, blaKPC-2 resistance gene was detected in sensitive K. pneumoniae, and it became resistant to imipenem and meropenem. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that OMVs isolated from KPC-2-producing CR-KP could deliver blaKPC-2 to sensitive K. pneumoniae, allowing the bacteria to produce carbapenemase, which may provide a novel target for innovative therapies in combination with conventional antibiotics for treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Jun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Li Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui-Ling Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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16
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Rangel-Ramírez VV, González-Sánchez HM, Lucio-García C. Exosomes: from biology to immunotherapy in infectious diseases. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:79-107. [PMID: 36562253 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2149852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal compartment, which are released by all kinds of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. These vesicles contain a variety of biomolecules that differ both in quantity and type depending on the origin and cellular state. Exosomes are internalized by recipient cells, delivering their content and thus contributing to cell-cell communication in health and disease. During infections exosomes may exert a dual role, on one hand, they can transmit pathogen-related molecules mediating further infection and damage, and on the other hand, they can protect the host by activating the immune response and reducing pathogen spread. Selective packaging of pathogenic components may mediate these effects. Recently, quantitative analysis of samples by omics technologies has allowed a deep characterization of the proteins, lipids, RNA, and metabolite cargoes of exosomes. Knowledge about the content of these vesicles may facilitate their therapeutic application. Furthermore, as exosomes have been detected in almost all biological fluids, pathogenic or host-derived components can be identified in liquid biopsies, making them suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. This review attempts to organize the recent findings on exosome composition and function during viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections, and their contribution to host defense or to pathogen spread. Moreover, we summarize the current perspectives and future directions regarding the potential application of exosomes for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Lucio-García
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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17
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MacNair CR, Tan MW. The role of bacterial membrane vesicles in antibiotic resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:63-73. [PMID: 36415037 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. On top of antibiotic resistance genes, biofilm formation, and persister tolerance, bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide a layer of protection that has been largely overlooked. MVs are spherical nanoparticles composed of lipid membranes and are common to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Although the importance of MVs in bacterial pathogenesis and virulence factor transport has been firmly established, a growing body of work now identifies MVs as key contributors to bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure. Herein, we highlight the ability of MVs to reduce antibiotic efficacy and transmit resistance elements. We also discuss the potential of targeting MV production as an unconventional therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Liu ZH, Wu QY, Xu F, Zhang X, Liao XB. Biofunction and clinical potential of extracellular vesicles from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Damage Epithelial Barrier and Induce Inflammation and Pyroptosis in Macrophages. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010089. [PMID: 36611884 PMCID: PMC9818291 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis is an opportunistic pathogen that widely exists in the human intestine and can cause severe infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms contributing to its pathogenesis remain of great interest. In this study, we aim to investigate the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by D. fairfieldensis and their pathogenic effect. The OMVs separated by ultracentrifugation were spherical and displayed a characteristic bilayer lipid structure observed by transmission electron microscopy, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 75 nm measurement using the particle size analyzer. We identified 1496 and 916 proteins from D. fairfieldensis and its OMVs using label-free non-target quantitative proteomics, respectively. The 560 co-expressed proteins could participate in bacterial life activities by function prediction. The translocation protein TolB, which participates in OMVs biogenesis and transporting toxins was highly expressed in OMVs. The OMVs inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins OCCLUDIN and ZO-1 in human colonic epithelial cells (Caco-2). The OMVs decreased the cell viability of monocyte macrophages (THP-1-Mφ) and activated various inflammatory factors secretion, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and many interleukins. Further, we found the OMVs induced the expression of cleaved-gasdermin D, caspase-1, and c-IL-1β and caused pyroptosis in THP-1-Mφ cells. Taken together, these data reveal that the D. fairfieldensis OMVs can damage the intestinal epithelial barrier and activate intrinsic inflammation.
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20
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Abstract
This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the mechanisms of their biogenesis, cargo, and function. Throughout, we highlight issues concerning the characterization of OMVs and distinguishing them from other types of BEVs. We also highlight the shortcomings of commonly used methodologies for the study of BEVs that impact the interpretation of their functionality and suggest solutions to standardize protocols for OMV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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21
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Nawa M, Mwansa J, Mwaba J, Kaonga P, Mukubesa AN, Simuyandi M, Chisenga CC, Alabi P, Mwananyanda L, Thea DM, Chilengi R, Kwenda G. Microbiologic and virulence characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:3084-3093. [PMID: 36056795 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the bacterial pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia, but its clinical importance is not clearly defined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the microbiologic and virulence characteristics of M. catarrhalis isolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed 91 M. catarrhalis isolates from induced sputum samples of children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2014. Bacteria identification and virulence genes detection were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS All the M. catarrhalis isolates were obtained from good-quality sputum samples and were the predominant bacteria. These isolates harbored virulence genes copB (100%), ompE (69.2%), ompCD (71.4%), uspA1 (92.3%), and uspA2 (69.2%) and were all β-lactamase producers. They showed resistance to ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (92.3%), ciprofloxacin (46.2%), chloramphenicol (45.1%), erythromycin (36.3%), tetracycline (25.3%), cefuroxime (11.0%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (2.2%), with 71.4% displaying multi-drug resistant phenotype but all susceptible to imipenem (100%). CONCLUSION This study showed that M. catarrhalis isolates were the predominant or only bacterial isolates from the sputum samples analyzed. The findings provide supportive evidence for the pathogenic potential role of this bacterium in pediatric pneumonia. High multidrug resistance was also observed amongst the isolates, which can result in affected patients not responding to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukena Nawa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - James Mwansa
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Medicine, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Mwaba
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew N Mukubesa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Peter Alabi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lawrence Mwananyanda
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald M Thea
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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22
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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23
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Research Progress on Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Antibiotic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911553. [PMID: 36232856 PMCID: PMC9569563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of antibiotic overuse, bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a severe threat to worldwide public health. The development of more effective antimicrobial therapies and alternative antibiotic strategies is urgently required. The role played by bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) in antibiotic resistance has become a current focus of research. BMVs are nanoparticles derived from the membrane components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and contain diverse components originating from the cell envelope and cytoplasm. Antibiotic stress stimulates the secretion of BMVs. BMVs promote and mediate antibiotic resistance by multiple mechanisms. BMVs have been investigated as conceptually new antibiotics and drug-delivery vehicles. In this article, we outline the research related to BMVs and antibiotic resistance as a reference for the intentional use of BMVs to combat antibiotic resistance.
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24
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Kaderabkova N, Bharathwaj M, Furniss RCD, Gonzalez D, Palmer T, Mavridou DAI. The biogenesis of β-lactamase enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35943884 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming marked a new era for modern medicine, allowing not only the treatment of infectious diseases, but also the safe performance of life-saving interventions, like surgery and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, resistance against penicillin, as well as more complex β-lactam antibiotics, has rapidly emerged since the introduction of these drugs in the clinic, and is largely driven by a single type of extra-cytoplasmic proteins, hydrolytic enzymes called β-lactamases. While the structures, biochemistry and epidemiology of these resistance determinants have been extensively characterized, their biogenesis, a complex process including multiple steps and involving several fundamental biochemical pathways, is rarely discussed. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the journey of β-lactamases, from the moment they exit the ribosomal channel until they reach their final cellular destination as folded and active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kaderabkova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Manasa Bharathwaj
- Centre to Impact AMR, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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25
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Tikhomirova A, Zilm PS, Trappetti C, Paton JC, Kidd SP. The central role of arginine in Haemophilus influenzae survival in a polymicrobial environment with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271912. [PMID: 35877653 PMCID: PMC9312370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis are bacterial species which frequently co-colonise the nasopharynx, but can also transit to the middle ear to cause otitis media. Chronic otitis media is often associated with a polymicrobial infection by these bacteria. However, despite being present in polymicrobial infections, the molecular interactions between these bacterial species remain poorly understood. We have previously reported competitive interactions driven by pH and growth phase between H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. In this study, we have revealed competitive interactions between the three otopathogens, which resulted in reduction of H. influenzae viability in co-culture with S. pneumoniae and in triple-species culture. Transcriptomic analysis by mRNA sequencing identified a central role of arginine in mediating these interactions. Arginine supplementation was able to increase H. influenzae survival in a dual-species environment with S. pneumoniae, and in a triple-species environment. Arginine was used by H. influenzae for ATP production, and levels of ATP generated in dual- and triple-species co-culture at early stages of growth were significantly higher than the combined ATP levels of single-species cultures. These results indicate a central role for arginine-mediated ATP production by H. influenzae in the polymicrobial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter S. Zilm
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claudia Trappetti
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Galgani I, Annaratone M, Casula D, Di Maro G, Janssens M, Tasciotti A, Schwarz T, Ferguson M, Arora AK. Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-Moraxella catarrhalis (NTHi-Mcat) vaccine when administered according to two different schedules: a phase 2, randomised, observer-blind study. Respir Res 2022; 23:114. [PMID: 35509077 PMCID: PMC9069748 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) infections are frequently associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results were reported with a two-dose (0–2 months) schedule of an investigational AS01E-adjuvanted NTHi-Mcat vaccine containing three surface proteins from NTHi and one from Mcat. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of three NTHi-Mcat vaccine doses administered in two different schedules to adults with a smoking history (≥ 10 pack-years), immunologically representing the COPD population. Methods In this 18-month, randomised (1:1), observer-blind study with 6-month open follow-up, 200 healthy adults aged 40–80 years received NTHi-Mcat vaccine at 0–2–6 months and placebo at 12 months (0–2–6 group), or vaccine at 0–2–12 months and placebo at 6 months (0–2–12 group). Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded for 7 and 30 days, respectively, post-vaccination, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) and serious AEs (SAEs) throughout the study. Immune responses were assessed. Results No safety concerns were identified with the third vaccine dose or overall. Most solicited AEs were mild/moderate. Unsolicited AEs were reported in 16%, 16.1% and 14.4% of participants in the 0–2–6 group post-dose 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and 20%, 20.4% and 9.7%, respectively, in the 0–2–12 group. In 24 months, SAEs were reported in 12 participants in the 0–2–6 group and 9 in the 0–2–12 group (18 events in each group). There were three deaths (unknown cause, 0–2–6 group; myocardial infarction, lung cancer in 0–2–12 group). pIMDs were reported in three participants in the 0–2–6 group (non-serious inflammatory bowel disease, gout, psoriasis) and three in the 0–2–12 group (serious ulcerative colitis, two with non-serious gout). The SAEs, deaths and pIMDs were considered not causally related to vaccination. Antigen-specific antibody concentrations were higher at 12 months post-dose 1 with the 0–2–6 schedule than with the 0–2–12 schedule and at 12 months post-dose 3 were similar between schedules, remaining higher than baseline. Conclusions No safety concerns were identified when the investigational NTHi-Mcat vaccine was administered via a 0–2–6 months or 0–2–12 months schedule to older adults with a smoking history. Persistent immune responses were observed after the third vaccine dose. Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT03443427, registered February 23, 2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02019-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tino Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Vaccination Centre, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Campus Juliusspital, Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Andreas S, Testa M, Boyer L, Brusselle G, Janssens W, Kerwin E, Papi A, Pek B, Puente-Maestu L, Saralaya D, Watz H, Wilkinson TMA, Casula D, Di Maro G, Lattanzi M, Moraschini L, Schoonbroodt S, Tasciotti A, Arora AK, Maltais F, Brusselle G, Corhay JL, Janssens E, Janssens W, Leys M, Ferguson M, Fitzgerald M, Maltais F, Mayers I, McNeil S, Pek B, Bourdin A, Boyer L, Couturaud F, Dussart L, Andreas S, Illies G, Eich A, Ludwig-Sengpiel A, Watz H, Blasi F, Centanni S, Papi A, Pomari C, Echave-Sustaeta JM, Llorca Martínez E, Narejos Pérez S, Pascual-Guardia S, Pérez Vera M, Puente-Maestu L, Terns Riera M, Anderson W, Choudhury G, De-Soyza A, Saralaya D, Wilkinson TMA, Boscia III J, Chinsky K, Dunn L, Erb D, Fogarty C, Downey HJ, Kerwin E, Kunz C, Poling T, Sellman R, Sigal B, Southard J, Spangenthal S, Tannous Z, Testa M, Casula D, Di Maro G, Lattanzi M, Moraschini L, Schoonbroodt S, Tasciotti A, Arora AK. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae–Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine for the prevention of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, proof-of-concept, phase 2b trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:435-446. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Jiang M, Fan X, Jiang Z, Chen H, Liu Y, Yu T, Huang Q, Ma Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Membrane Vesicles from Clinical C. acnes Isolates with Differential Antibiotic Resistance. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:703-712. [PMID: 35463830 PMCID: PMC9022742 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s363537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acne, and antibiotics targeting C. acnes have been widely used for decades. However, antibiotic resistance has been increasing rapidly. Membrane vesicles (MVs) have been found to play important roles in antibiotic resistance in some bacteria. We aimed to explore the mechanism of antibiotic resistance and the virulence components within C. acnes-derived MVs. Materials and Methods We isolated clinical C. acnes strains from the lesions of acne patients who were sensitive or resistant to the antibiotics erythromycin and clindamycin. We analyzed the proteome of MVs from four sensitive C. acnes isolates and three resistant isolates by LC-MS/MS. Results We identified 543 proteins within the MVs of clinical C. acnes strains. Several lipases, NlpC/P60, CAMP factor, and Hta domain protein were detected as virulence factors in the C. acnes-derived MVs. The levels of two lipases and FtsZ were significantly higher in resistant C. acnes-derived MVs compared with sensitive strains (p < 0.05). Conclusion According to the implications of this study, improper antibiotic use might not only increase antibiotic resistance in C. acnes but could also further alter the cutaneous lipid composition and aggravate host inflammation, thus resulting in worse clinical manifestations in acne patients. This study re-emphasizes that the improper use of antibiotics should be treated more seriously in clinical practice. Furthermore, to combat multidrug resistance in C. acnes, this study suggests that FtsZ inhibitors could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Huyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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29
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Nicchi S, Giusti F, Carello S, Utrio Lanfaloni S, Tavarini S, Frigimelica E, Ferlenghi I, Rossi Paccani S, Merola M, Delany I, Scarlato V, Maione D, Brettoni C. Moraxella catarrhalis evades neutrophil oxidative stress responses providing a safer niche for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. iScience 2022; 25:103931. [PMID: 35265810 PMCID: PMC8899411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are pathogenic bacteria frequently associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whose hallmark is inflammatory oxidative stress. Neutrophils produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can boost antimicrobial response by promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and autophagy. Here, we showed that M. catarrhalis induces less ROS and NET production in differentiated HL-60 cells compared to NTHi. It is also able to actively interfere with these responses in chemically activated cells in a phagocytosis and opsonin-independent and contact-dependent manner, possibly by engaging host immunosuppressive receptors. M. catarrhalis subverts the autophagic pathway of the phagocytic cells and survives intracellularly. It also promotes the survival of NTHi which is otherwise susceptible to the host antimicrobial arsenal. In-depth understanding of the immune evasion strategies exploited by these two human pathogens could suggest medical interventions to tackle COPD and potentially other diseases in which they co-exist. Mcat induces ROS and NET production to a lesser extent than NTHi in dHL-60 cells Mcat interferes with ROS-related responses in chemically-activated cells Mcat subverts the autophagic pathway surviving intracellularly while NTHi does not Intracellular survival of NTHi is enhanced by the co-infecting bacterium Mcat
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nicchi
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna, 40141, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Carello
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Turin, Turin, 10100, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Merola
- GSK, Siena, 53100, Italy.,University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80133, Italy
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30
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Chen J, Zhang H, Wang S, Du Y, Wei B, Wu Q, Wang H. Inhibitors of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835058. [PMID: 35283837 PMCID: PMC8905621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain numerous active substances. EVs mediate bacterial interactions with their hosts or other microbes. Bacterial EVs play a double-edged role in infections through various mechanisms, including the delivery of virulence factors, modulating immune responses, mediating antibiotic resistance, and inhibiting competitive microbes. The spread of antibiotic resistance continues to represent a difficult clinical challenge. Therefore, the investigation of novel therapeutics is a valuable research endeavor for targeting antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. As a pathogenic substance of bacteria, bacterial EVs have gained increased attention. Thus, EV inhibitors are expected to function as novel antimicrobial agents. The inhibition of EV production, EV activity, and EV-stimulated inflammation are considered potential pathways. This review primarily introduces compounds that effectively inhibit bacterial EVs and evaluates the prospects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongfang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Huang W, Meng L, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as potential biological nanomaterials for antibacterial therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:102-115. [PMID: 34896632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections. However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have compromised the efficacy of traditional antibiotic therapy. In this regard, it is of great importance and significance to develop more potent antimicrobial therapies, including the development of functionalized antibiotics delivery systems and antibiotics-independent antimicrobial agents. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and with similar structure to cell-derived exosomes, are natural functional nanomaterials and known to play important roles in many bacterial life events, such as communication, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Recently, more and more reports have demonstrated the use of OMVs as either active antibacterial agents or antibiotics delivery carriers, implying the great potentials of OMVs in antibacterial therapy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of OMV and its antibacterial applications, including its biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification and its potentials in killing bacteria, delivering antibiotics and developing vaccine or immunoadjuvants. In addition, the concerns in clinical use of OMVs and the possible solutions are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the failure of traditional antibiotic therapy, and thus become a big threat to human beings. In this regard, developing more potent antibacterial approaches is of great importance and significance. Recently, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are natural functional nanomaterials secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as active agents, drug carriers and vaccine adjuvant for antibacterial therapy. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of OMVs and summarizes the recent progress of OMVs in antibacterial applications. The concerns of OMVs in clinical use and the possible solutions are also discussed. As such, this review may guide the future works in antibacterial OMVs and appeal to both scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingxi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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32
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Russell DW, Genschmer KR, Blalock JE. Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of COPD Pathophysiology. Annu Rev Physiol 2022; 84:631-654. [PMID: 34724435 PMCID: PMC8831481 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous, smoking-related disease of significant global impact. The complex biology of COPD is ultimately driven by a few interrelated processes, including proteolytic tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, derangements of the host-pathogen response, aberrant cellular phenotype switching, and cellular senescence, among others. Each of these processes are engendered and perpetuated by cells modulating their environment or each other. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are powerful effectors that allow cells to perform a diverse array of functions on both adjacent and distant tissues, and their pleiotropic nature is only beginning to be appreciated. As such, EVs are candidates to play major roles in these fundamental mechanisms of disease behind COPD. Furthermore, some such roles for EVs are already established, and EVs are implicated in significant aspects of COPD pathogenesis. Here, we discuss known and potential ways that EVs modulate the environment of their originating cells to contribute to the processes that underlie COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher R. Genschmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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33
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López C, Delmonti J, Bonomo RA, Vila AJ. Deciphering the evolution of metallo-β-lactamases: a journey from the test tube to the bacterial periplasm. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101665. [PMID: 35120928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is fundamental to deciphering the mechanistic basis of resistance to carbapenems in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Presently, these MBL producing pathogens are linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the study of the biochemical and biophysical features of MBLs in vitro provides an incomplete picture of their evolutionary potential, since this limited and artificial environment disregards the physiological context where evolution and selection take place. Herein, we describe recent efforts aimed to address the evolutionary traits acquired by different clinical variants of MBLs in conditions mimicking their native environment (the bacterial periplasm) and considering whether they are soluble or membrane-bound proteins. This includes addressing the metal content of MBLs within the cell under zinc starvation conditions, and the context provided by different bacterial hosts that result in particular resistance phenotypes. Our analysis highlights recent progress bridging the gap between in vitro and in-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juliana Delmonti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Medical Service and GRECC, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina; CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina.
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34
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From the Physicochemical Characteristic of Novel Hesperetin Hydrazone to Its In Vitro Antimicrobial Aspects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030845. [PMID: 35164110 PMCID: PMC8839478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to give rise to biofilm formation on food matrixes and along food industry infrastructures or medical equipment. This growth may be reduced by the application of molecules preventing bacterial adhesion on these surfaces. A new Schiff base ligand, derivative of hesperetin, HABH (2-amino-N'-(2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-ylidene)benzohydrazide), and its copper complex, CuHABH [CuLH2(OAc)], were designed, synthesized and analyzed in terms of their structure and physicochemical properties, and tested as antibacterial agents. Their structures both in a solid state and in solution were established using several methods: FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis, FAB MS, EPR, ESI-MS and potentiometry. Coordination binding of the copper(II) complex dominating at the physiological pH region in the solution was found to be the same as that detected in the solid state. Furthermore, the interaction between the HABH and CuHABH with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated. These interactions were tracked by UV-Vis, CD (circular dichroism) and spectrofluorimetry. The results indicate a stronger interaction of the CuHABH with the CT-DNA than the HABH. It can be assumed that the nature of the interactions is of the intercalating type, but in the high concentration range, the complex can bind to the DNA externally to phosphate residues or to a minor/major groove. The prepared compounds possess antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their antagonistic activity depends on the factor-strain test system. The glass was selected as a model surface for the experiments on antibiofilm activity. The adhesion of bacterial cells to the glass surface in the presence of the compounds was traced by luminometry and the best antiadhesive action against both bacterial strains was detected for the CuHABH complex. This molecule may play a crucial role in disrupting exopolymers (DNA/proteins) in biofilm formation and can be used to prevent bacterial adhesion especially on glass equipment.
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35
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Lee AR, Park SB, Kim SW, Jung JW, Chun JH, Kim J, Kim YR, Lazarte JMS, Jang HB, Thompson KD, Jung M, Ha MW, Jung TS. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transfer antibiotic-resistance to antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2746-2759. [PMID: 35019198 PMCID: PMC9306644 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bacteria naturally produce membrane vesicles (MVs), which have been shown to contribute to the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) by delivering antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. Here, we aim to show that MVs from Gram-positive bacteria are capable of transferring β-lactam antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-sensitive Gram-negative bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS MVs were collected from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vesicle-mediated fusion with antimicrobial-sensitive Escherichia coli (RC85). It was performed by exposing the bacteria to the MVs to develop antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (RC85-T). RESULTS The RC85-T exhibited a higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics compared to the parent strain. Although the secretion rates of the MVs from RC85-T and the parent strain were nearly equal, the β-lactamase activity of the MVs from RC85-T was 12-times higher than that of MVs from the parent strain, based on equivalent protein concentrations. Moreover, MVs secreted by RC85-T were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible E. coli from β-lactam antibiotic-induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION MVs play a role in transferring substances from Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria, shown by the release of MVs from RC85-T that were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible bacteria from β-lactam antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY MVs are involved in the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in a mixed bacterial culture, helping us to understand how the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Coastal Research Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jin Hong Chun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Ho Bin Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828.,Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Provide Passive Resistance but Not Sensitization to LPS-Specific Phages. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010121. [PMID: 35062325 PMCID: PMC8778925 DOI: 10.3390/v14010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from gram-negative bacteria are key elements in bacterial physiology, pathogenesis, and defence. In this study, we investigated the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMVs in the anti-phage defence as well as in the potential sensitization to LPS-specific phages. Using transmission electron microscopy, virion infectivity, and neutralization assays, we have shown that both phages efficiently absorb on free vesicles and are unable to infect P. aeruginosa host. Nevertheless, the accompanying decrease in PFU titre (neutralization) was only observed for myovirus KT28 but not podovirus LUZ7. Next, we verified whether OMVs derived from wild-type PAO1 strain can sensitize the LPS-deficient mutant (Δwbpl PAO1) resistant to tested phages. The flow cytometry experiments proved a quite effective and comparable association of OMVs to Δwbpl PAO1 and wild-type PAO1; however, the growth kinetic curves and one-step growth assay revealed no sensitization event of the OMV-associated phage-resistant P. aeruginosa deletant to LPS-specific phages. Our findings for the first time identify naturally formed OMVs as important players in passive resistance (protection) of P. aeruginosa population to phages, but we disproved the hypothesis of transferring phage receptors to make resistant strains susceptible to LPS-dependent phages.
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De Smedt P, Leroux-Roels G, Vandermeulen C, Tasciotti A, Di Maro G, Dozot M, Casula D, Annaratone M, Riccucci D, Arora AK. Long-term immunogenicity and safety of a non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae- Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine: 4-year follow-up of a phase 1 multicentre trial. Vaccine X 2021; 9:100124. [PMID: 34820619 PMCID: PMC8600057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults with smoking history received two doses of combined NTHi-Mcat vaccine. We evaluated antibody persistence during 4 years of follow-up after vaccination. Immune responses against the NTHi protein antigens persisted up to 4 years. There was no persistent immune response against the Mcat antigen. No safety concerns were identified during the long-term follow-up period.
A multicomponent vaccine has been developed to reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD associated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) infections, containing NTHi (PD and PE-PilA) and Mcat (UspA2) surface proteins. In a randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study with two steps (NCT02547974), the investigational vaccine had good immunogenicity and no safety concerns were identified. In step 2, 90 adults aged 50–71 years with smoking history received two doses 60 days apart of one of two AS01E-adjuvanted formulations containing 10 µg of each antigen (10–10-AS01) or 10 µg NTHi antigens and 3.3 µg UspA2 (10–3-AS01), or placebo. Long-term persistence of antigen-specific humoral antibodies was assessed in 81 participants during 3 years of follow-up after the initial 14-month study (NCT03201211). Antigen-specific antibody concentrations were measured in blood samples taken every 6 months. Safety monitoring evaluated serious adverse events (SAEs) and potential immune-mediated disease (pIMD). Immune responses against NTHi antigens persisted up to 4 years post-vaccination. For PD, PE and PilA, at each follow-up time point, adjusted antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were higher (non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) in the vaccine groups versus placebo and versus pre-vaccination. Antibody GMC point estimates were higher with 10–3-AS01 than with 10–10-AS01. For UspA2, 95% CIs included 1 for GMC ratios of 10–10-AS01 or 10–3-AS01 to placebo at each time point. During follow-up, SAEs were reported in nine (11.1%) participants, one of which was fatal (lung cancer, 607 days after second 10–10-AS01 dose). One non-serious pIMD, trigeminal neuralgia, was reported 771 days after second 10–3-AS01 dose. The SAEs and pIMD were considered not related to vaccination. Immune responses against NTHi antigens persisted for 4 years after two-dose vaccination with the investigational NTHi-Mcat vaccine. There was no persistent response against the Mcat antigen. No safety concerns were identified during the long-term follow-up.
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Key Words
- AECOPD, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- ANCOVA, analysis of covariance
- AS01E, Adjuvant System AS01E, containing 3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A, QS-21 (Quillaja saponaria Molina, fraction 21) and liposome
- Acute exacerbation
- Antibody persistence
- CI, confidence interval
- COPD
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Clinical trial
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EU, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units
- GMC, geometric mean concentration
- GMR, geometric mean ratio
- Haemophilus influenzae
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MPL, 3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A
- Mcat, Moraxella catarrhalis
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
- PD, protein D
- PE, protein E
- PilA, Pilin A
- QS-21, Quillaja saponaria Molina, fraction 21
- SAE, serious adverse event
- UspA2, ubiquitous surface protein A2
- pIMD, potential immune-mediated disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Smedt
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Centre for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jonca J, Waleron M, Czaplewska P, Bogucka A, Steć A, Dziomba S, Jasiecki J, Rychłowski M, Waleron K. Membrane Vesicles of Pectobacterium as an Effective Protein Secretion System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212574. [PMID: 34830459 PMCID: PMC8623790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of genus Pectobacterium are Gram-negative rods of the family Pectobacteriaceae. They are the causative agent of soft rot diseases of crops and ornamental plants. However, their virulence mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are universally released by bacteria and are believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity and survival of bacteria in the environment. Our study investigates the role of MVs in the virulence of Pectobacterium. The results indicate that the morphology and MVs production depend on growth medium composition. In polygalacturonic acid (PGA) supplemented media, Pectobacterium produces large MVs (100–300 nm) and small vesicles below 100 nm. Proteomic analyses revealed the presence of pectate degrading enzymes in the MVs. The pectate plate test and enzymatic assay proved that those enzymes are active and able to degrade pectates. What is more, the pathogenicity test indicated that the MVs derived from Pectobacterium were able to induce maceration of Zantedeschia sp. leaves. We also show that the MVs of β-lactamase producing strains were able to suppress ampicillin activity and permit the growth of susceptible bacteria. Those findings indicate that the MVs of Pectobacterium play an important role in host-pathogen interactions and niche competition with other bacteria. Our research also sheds some light on the mechanism of MVs production. We demonstrate that the MVs production in Pectobacterium strains, which overexpress a green fluorescence protein (GFP), is higher than in wild-type strains. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that the GFP was present in the MVs. Therefore, it is possible that protein sequestration into MVs might not be strictly limited to periplasmic proteins. Our research highlights the importance of MVs production as a mechanism of cargo delivery in Pectobacterium and an effective secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jonca
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry-Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Jacek Jasiecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (K.W.)
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McMillan HM, Kuehn MJ. The extracellular vesicle generation paradox: a bacterial point of view. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108174. [PMID: 34636061 PMCID: PMC8561641 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving bacterial stress and eliminating toxic compounds, as well as by facilitating membrane remodeling and ameliorating inhospitable environments. However, vesicle production comes with a price. It is energetically costly and, in the case of colonizing pathogens, it elicits host immune responses, which reduce bacterial viability. This raises an interesting paradox regarding why bacteria produce vesicles and begs the question as to whether the benefits of producing vesicles outweigh their costs. In this review, we discuss the various advantages and disadvantages associated with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial vesicle production and offer perspective on the ultimate score. We also highlight questions needed to advance the field in determining the role for vesicles in bacterial survival, interkingdom communication, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of BiochemistryDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
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In Vivo Secretion of β-Lactamase-Carrying Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Mechanism of β-Lactam Therapy Failure. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110806. [PMID: 34832035 PMCID: PMC8625792 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles carrying β-lactamase (βLOMVs) protect bacteria against β-lactam antibiotics under experimental conditions, but their protective role during a patient’s treatment leading to the therapy failure is unknown. We investigated the role of βLOMVs in amoxicillin therapy failure in a patient with group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) pharyngotonsillitis. The patient’s throat culture was examined by standard microbiological procedures. Bacterial vesicles were analyzed for β-lactamase by immunoblot and the nitrocefin assay, and in vivo secretion of βLOMVs was detected by electron microscopy. These analyses demonstrated that the patient’s throat culture grew, besides amoxicillin-susceptible GAS, an amoxicillin-resistant nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which secreted βLOMVs. Secretion and β-lactamase activity of NTHi βLOMVs were induced by amoxicillin concentrations reached in the tonsils during therapy. The presence of NTHi βLOMVs significantly increased the minimal inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin for GAS and thereby protected GAS against bactericidal concentrations of amoxicillin. NTHi βLOMVs were identified in the patient’s pharyngotonsillar swabs and saliva, demonstrating their secretion in vivo at the site of infection. We conclude that the pathogen protection via βLOMVs secreted by the flora colonizing the infection site represents a yet underestimated mechanism of β-lactam therapy failure that warrants attention in clinical studies.
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Kameli N, Becker HEF, Welbers T, Jonkers DMAE, Penders J, Savelkoul P, Stassen FR. Metagenomic Profiling of Fecal-Derived Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Crohn's Disease Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102795. [PMID: 34685776 PMCID: PMC8535131 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, many studies suggested a crucial role for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). However, despite being important players in host-bacteria interaction, the role of bacterial membrane vesicles (MV) has been largely overlooked in the pathogenesis of CD. In this study, we addressed the composition of the bacterial and MV composition in fecal samples of CD patients and compared this to the composition in healthy individuals. METHODS Fecal samples from six healthy subjects (HC) in addition to twelve CD patients (six active, six remission) were analyzed in this study. Fecal bacterial membrane vesicles (fMVs) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. DNA was obtained from the fMV fraction, the pellet of dissolved feces as bacterial DNA (bDNA), or directly from feces as fecal DNA (fDNA). The fMVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. Amplicon sequencing of 16s rRNA V4 hypervariable gene regions was conducted to assess microbial composition of all fractions. RESULTS Beta-diversity analysis showed that the microbial community structure of the fMVs was significantly different from the microbial profiles of the fDNA and bDNA. However, no differences were observed in microbial composition between fDNA and bDNA. The microbial richness of fMVs was significantly decreased in CD patients compared to HC, and even lower in active patients. Profiling of fDNA and bDNA demonstrated that Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum in these fractions, while in fMVs Bacteroidetes was dominant. In fMV, several families and genera belonging to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly altered in CD patients when compared to HC. CONCLUSION The microbial alterations of MVs in CD patients particularly in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria suggest a possible role of MVs in host-microbe symbiosis and induction or progression of inflammation in CD pathogenesis. Yet, the exact role for these fMV in the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Kameli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Heike E. F. Becker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tessa Welbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
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Collins SM, Brown AC. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Antibiotic Delivery Vehicles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733064. [PMID: 34616401 PMCID: PMC8488215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanometer-scale, spherical vehicles released by Gram-negative bacteria into their surroundings throughout growth. These OMVs have been demonstrated to play key roles in pathogenesis by delivering certain biomolecules to host cells, including toxins and other virulence factors. In addition, this biomolecular delivery function enables OMVs to facilitate intra-bacterial communication processes, such as quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer. The unique ability of OMVs to deliver large biomolecules across the complex Gram-negative cell envelope has inspired the use of OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles to overcome transport limitations. In this review, we describe the advantages, applications, and biotechnological challenges of using OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles, studying both natural and engineered antibiotic applications of OMVs. We argue that OMVs hold great promise as antibiotic delivery vehicles, an urgently needed application to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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Specific protein-membrane interactions promote packaging of metallo-β-lactamases into outer membrane vesicles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0050721. [PMID: 34310214 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00507-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as carriers of bacterial products such as plasmids and resistance determinants, including metallo-β-lactamases. The lipidated, membrane-anchored metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1 can be detected in Gram-negative OMVs. The soluble domain of NDM-1 also forms electrostatic interactions with the membrane. Herein, we show that these interactions promote its packaging into OMVs produced by Escherichia coli. We report that favorable electrostatic protein-membrane interactions are also at work in the soluble enzyme IMP-1, while being absent in VIM-2. These interactions correlate with an enhanced incorporation of IMP-1 compared to VIM-2 into OMVs. Disruption of these interactions in NDM-1 and IMP-1 impairs their inclusion into vesicles, confirming their role in defining the protein cargo in OMVs. These results also indicate that packaging of metallo-β-lactamases into vesicles in their active form is a common phenomenon that involves cargo selection based on specific molecular interactions.
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Srivatsav AT, Kapoor S. The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640355. [PMID: 33968983 PMCID: PMC8101706 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition, one of the most versatile function of lipids is the formation of diverse lipid membrane vesicles for regulating various cellular processes including intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo. In this review, we focus on the various kinds of membrane vesicles in eukaryotes and bacteria, their biogenesis, and their multifaceted functional roles in cellular communication, host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications. We elaborate on how their distinct lipid composition of membrane vesicles compared to parent cells enables early and non-invasive diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis, while inspiring vaccine development and drug delivery platforms. Finally, we discuss the use of membrane vesicles as excellent tools for investigating membrane lateral organization and protein sorting, which is otherwise challenging but extremely crucial for normal cellular functioning. We present current limitations in this field and how the same could be addressed to propel a fundamental and technology-oriented future for extracellular membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin T. Srivatsav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Pneumonia: From Mediators of Virulence to Innovative Vaccine Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083858. [PMID: 33917862 PMCID: PMC8068278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia due to respiratory infection with most prominently bacteria, but also viruses, fungi, or parasites is the leading cause of death worldwide among all infectious disease in both adults and infants. The introduction of modern antibiotic treatment regimens and vaccine strategies has helped to lower the burden of bacterial pneumonia, yet due to the unavailability or refusal of vaccines and antimicrobials in parts of the global population, the rise of multidrug resistant pathogens, and high fatality rates even in patients treated with appropriate antibiotics pneumonia remains a global threat. As such, a better understanding of pathogen virulence on the one, and the development of innovative vaccine strategies on the other hand are once again in dire need in the perennial fight of men against microbes. Recent data show that the secretome of bacteria consists not only of soluble mediators of virulence but also to a significant proportion of extracellular vesicles—lipid bilayer-delimited particles that form integral mediators of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles are released from cells of all kinds of organisms, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in which case they are commonly termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs), respectively. (O)MVs can trigger inflammatory responses to specific pathogens including S. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, and L. pneumophila and as such, mediate bacterial virulence in pneumonia by challenging the host respiratory epithelium and cellular and humoral immunity. In parallel, however, (O)MVs have recently emerged as auspicious vaccine candidates due to their natural antigenicity and favorable biochemical properties. First studies highlight the efficacy of such vaccines in animal models exposed to (O)MVs from B. pertussis, S. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae. An advanced and balanced recognition of both the detrimental effects of (O)MVs and their immunogenic potential could pave the way to novel treatment strategies in pneumonia and effective preventive approaches.
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Malvisi L, Taddei L, Yarraguntla A, Wilkinson TMA, Arora AK. Sputum sample positivity for Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evaluation of association with positivity at earlier stable disease timepoints. Respir Res 2021; 22:67. [PMID: 33627095 PMCID: PMC7903661 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) or Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) is a risk factor for exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ability to predict Hi- or Mcat-associated exacerbations may be useful for interventions developed to reduce exacerbation frequency. Methods In a COPD observational study, sputum samples were collected at monthly stable-state visits and at exacerbation during two years of follow-up. Bacterial species (Hi, Mcat) were identified by culture and quantitative PCR assay. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to assess: (1) first Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations given presence or absence of Hi or Mcat at the screening visit (stable-state timepoint); (2) first Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations given presence or absence of Hi or Mcat at stable timepoints within previous 90 days; (3) second Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations given presence or absence of Hi or Mcat at stable timepoints within previous 90 days. Percentages and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results PCR results for analyses 1, 2 and 3 (samples from 84, 88 and 83 subjects, respectively) showed that the risk of an Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbation is significantly higher if sputum sample was Hi- or Mcat-positive than if Hi- or Mcat-negative at previous stable timepoints (apart from Mcat in analysis 3); RRs ranged from 2.1 to 3.2 for Hi and 1.9 to 2.6 for Mcat.For all analyses, the percentage of Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations given previous Hi- or Mcat-positive stable timepoints was higher than the percentage of Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations if Hi- or Mcat-negative at previous stable timepoints. Percentage of Hi- or Mcat-positive exacerbations given previous Hi- or Mcat-negative stable timepoints was 26.3%–37.0% for Hi and 17.6%–19.7% for Mcat. Conclusions Presence of Hi or Mcat at a stable timepoint was associated with a higher risk of a subsequent Hi- or Mcat-associated exacerbation compared with earlier absence. However, a large percentage of Hi- or Mcat-associated exacerbations was not associated with Hi/Mcat detection at an earlier timepoint. This suggests that administration of an intervention to reduce these exacerbations should be independent of bacterial presence at baseline. Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01360398, registered May 25, 2011
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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47
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Tay CJX, Ta LDH, Ow Yeong YX, Yap GC, Chu JJH, Lee BW, Tham EH. Role of Upper Respiratory Microbiota and Virome in Childhood Rhinitis and Wheeze: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2021. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:265-276. [PMID: 33588407 DOI: 10.1159/000513325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that the respiratory microbiota influences airway health, and there has been intense research interest in its role in respiratory infections and allergic airway disorders. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of nasal microbiome and virome and their associations with childhood rhinitis and wheeze. The healthy infant nasal microbiome is dominated by Corynebacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae. In contrast, infants who subsequently develop respiratory disorders are depleted of these microbes and are instead enriched with Proteobacteria spp. Although human rhinovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus are well-documented major viral pathogens that trigger rhinitis and wheezing disorders in infants, recent limited data indicate that bacteriophages may have a role in respiratory health. Future work investigating the interplay between commensal microbiota, virome, and host immunological responses is an important step toward understanding the dynamics of the nasal community in order to develop a strategical approach to combat these common childhood respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Jing Xuan Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xiang Ow Yeong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, .,Khoo Teck Puat- National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, .,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
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48
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Askenase PW. Ancient Evolutionary Origin and Properties of Universally Produced Natural Exosomes Contribute to Their Therapeutic Superiority Compared to Artificial Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1429. [PMID: 33572657 PMCID: PMC7866973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are newly recognized fundamental, universally produced natural nanoparticles of life that are seemingly involved in all biologic processes and clinical diseases. Due to their universal involvements, understanding the nature and also the potential therapeutic uses of these nanovesicles requires innovative experimental approaches in virtually every field. Of the EV group, exosome nanovesicles and larger companion micro vesicles can mediate completely new biologic and clinical processes dependent on the intercellular transfer of proteins and most importantly selected RNAs, particularly miRNAs between donor and targeted cells to elicit epigenetic alterations inducing functional cellular changes. These recipient acceptor cells are nearby (paracrine transfers) or far away after distribution via the circulation (endocrine transfers). The major properties of such vesicles seem to have been conserved over eons, suggesting that they may have ancient evolutionary origins arising perhaps even before cells in the primordial soup from which life evolved. Their potential ancient evolutionary attributes may be responsible for the ability of some modern-day exosomes to withstand unusually harsh conditions, perhaps due to unique membrane lipid compositions. This is exemplified by ability of the maternal milk exosomes to survive passing the neonatal acid/enzyme rich stomach. It is postulated that this resistance also applies to their durable presence in phagolysosomes, thus suggesting a unique intracellular release of their contained miRNAs. A major discussed issue is the generally poorly realized superiority of these naturally evolved nanovesicles for therapies when compared to human-engineered artificial nanoparticles, e.g., for the treatment of diseases like cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Chiu CH, Lee YT, Lin YC, Kuo SC, Yang YS, Wang YC, Liu YH, Lin JC, Chang FY, Chen TL. Bacterial membrane vesicles from Acinetobacter baumannii induced by ceftazidime are more virulent than those induced by imipenem. Virulence 2021; 11:145-158. [PMID: 32043433 PMCID: PMC7051140 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1726593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia treated with antipseudomonal cephalosporins showed higher 14-day mortality than patients treated with antipseudomonal carbapenems. We hypothesized that the bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) induced by antipseudomonal cephalosporins are more virulent than BMVs induced by antipseudomonal carbapenems. To simulate the clinical condition with inadequate antimicrobial treatment, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was treated with ceftazidime (an antipseudomonal cephalosporin) or imipenem (an antipseudomonal carbapenem) at 1/2 the minimum inhibitory concentration. BMVs and BMV-carried lipopolysaccharide were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting, respectively. Cytokine expression in RAW264.7 macrophages or mice serum induced by the BMVs was determined by ELISA, fluorescent bead-based immunoassay or western blotting. The virulence of the BMVs was assessed in mice. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used to determine the protein contents of the BMVs. We found that ceftazidime induced a higher number of BMVs (CAZ-BMV), which carried more LPS, and induced higher expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6 in macrophages, higher expression of many cytokines in mice, more neutrophil infiltration in lung interstitium, and higher mortality in mice than imipenem-induced BMVs (IMP-BMV). When adjusted to same amount of LPS, CAZ-BMV still led to higher mortality than IMP-BMV. Proteomic analysis revealed different protein contents in CAZ-BMV and IMP-BMV. In conclusion, A. baumannii BMVs induced by ceftazidime are more virulent than BMVs induced by imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Emergency Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abiotic stressors impact outer membrane vesicle composition in a beneficial rhizobacterium: Raman spectroscopy characterization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21289. [PMID: 33277560 PMCID: PMC7719170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have roles in cell-to-cell signaling, biofilm formation, and stress responses. Here, the effects of abiotic stressors on OMV contents and composition from biofilm cells of the plant health-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6) are examined. Two stressors relevant to this root-colonizing bacterium were examined: CuO nanoparticles (NPs)-a potential fertilizer and fungicide- and H2O2-released from roots during plant stress responses. Atomic force microscopy revealed 40–300 nm diameter OMVs from control and stressed biofilm cells. Raman spectroscopy with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify changes in chemical profiles of PcO6 cells and resultant OMVs according to the cellular stressor with 84.7% and 83.3% accuracies, respectively. All OMVs had higher relative concentrations of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids than PcO6 cells. The nucleic acid concentration in OMVs exhibited a cellular stressor-dependent increase: CuO NP-induced OMVs > H2O2-induced OMVs > control OMVs. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence of lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acids, and protein in OMVs; however, these assays did not discriminate OMV composition according to the cellular stressor. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy using LDA to characterize and distinguish cellular stress effects on OMVs composition and contents.
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