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Ikhimiukor OO, Zac Soligno NI, Akintayo IJ, Marcovici MM, Souza SSR, Workman A, Martin IW, Andam CP. Clonal background and routes of plasmid transmission underlie antimicrobial resistance features of bloodstream Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6969. [PMID: 39138200 PMCID: PMC11322185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections caused by the opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae are associated with adverse health complications and high mortality rates. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) limits available treatment options, thus exacerbating its public health and clinical burden. Here, we aim to elucidate the population structure of K. pneumoniae in bloodstream infections from a single medical center and the drivers that facilitate the dissemination of AMR. Analysis of 136 short-read genome sequences complemented with 12 long-read sequences shows the population consisting of 94 sequence types (STs) and 99 clonal groups, including globally distributed multidrug resistant and hypervirulent clones. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and in silico identification of AMR determinants reveal high concordance (90.44-100%) for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and sulfonamides. IncF plasmids mediate the clonal (within the same lineage) and horizontal (between lineages) transmission of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-15. Nearly identical plasmids are recovered from isolates over a span of two years indicating long-term persistence. The genetic determinants for hypervirulence are carried on plasmids exhibiting genomic rearrangement, loss, and/or truncation. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the genetic background of host strains and the routes of plasmid transmission in understanding the spread of AMR in bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odion O Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Nicole I Zac Soligno
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ifeoluwa J Akintayo
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Marcovici
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie S R Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Workman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Isabella W Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
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2
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Denissen J, Havenga B, Reyneke B, Khan S, Khan W. Comparing antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from environmental and clinical settings. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30215. [PMID: 38720709 PMCID: PMC11076977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from water sources collected in informal settlements, were compared to clinical counterparts. Cluster analysis using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) indicated that, for each respective species, low genetic relatedness was observed between most of the clinical and environmental isolates, with only one clinical P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and one clinical K. pneumoniae (P2) exhibiting high genetic similarity to the environmental strains. Based on the antibiograms, the clinical E. faecium Ef CD1 was extensively drug resistant (XDR); all K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 12) (except K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while the P. aeruginosa (n = 16) isolates exhibited higher susceptibility profiles. The tetM gene (tetracycline resistance) was identified in 47.4 % (n = 6 environmental; n = 3 clinical) of the E. faecium isolates, while the blaKPC gene (carbapenem resistance) was detected in 52.6 % (n = 7 environmental; n = 3 clinical) and 15.4 % (n = 2 environmental) of the E. faecium and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The E. faecium isolates were predominantly poor biofilm formers, the K. pneumoniae isolates were moderate biofilm formers, while the P. aeruginosa isolates were strong biofilm formers. All E. faecium and K. pneumoniae isolates were gamma (γ)-haemolytic, non-gelatinase producing (E. faecium only), and non-hypermucoviscous (K. pneumoniae only), while the P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited beta (β)-haemolysis and produced gelatinase. The fimH (type 1 fimbriae adhesion) and ugE (uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase synthesis) virulence genes were detected in the K. pneumoniae isolates, while the P. aeruginosa isolates possessed the phzM (phenazine production) and algD (alginate biosynthesis) genes. Similarities in antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of environmental and clinical E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa, thus highlights the potential health risks posed by using environmental water sources for daily water needs in low-and-middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
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Kastner S, Dietel AK, Seier F, Ghosh S, Weiß D, Makarewicz O, Csáki A, Fritzsche W. LSPR-Based Biosensing Enables the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207953. [PMID: 37093195 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of rapid, simple, and accurate bioassays for the detection of nucleic acids has received increasing demand in recent years. Here, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy for the detection of an antimicrobial resistance gene, sulfhydryl variable β-lactamase (blaSHV), which confers resistance against a broad spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics is used. By performing limit of detection experiments, a 23 nucleotide (nt) long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence down to 25 nm was detected, whereby the signal intensity is inversely correlated with sequence length (23, 43, 63, and 100 nt). In addition to endpoint measurements of hybridization events, the setup also allowed to monitor the hybridization events in real-time, and consequently enabled to extract kinetic parameters of the studied binding reaction. Performing LSPR measurements using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of blaSHV revealed that these sequences can be distinguished from the fully complementary sequence. The possibility to distinguish such sequences is of utmost importance in clinical environments, as it allows to identify mutations essential for enzyme function and thus, is crucial for the correct treatment with antibiotics. Taken together, this system provides a robust, label-free, and cost-efficient analytical tool for the detection of nucleic acids and will enable the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kastner
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Dietel
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Seier
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Shaunak Ghosh
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Weiß
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Csáki
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Molecular Plasmonics work group, Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies and Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Assessment of Phenotype Relevant Amino Acid Residues in TEM-β-Lactamases by Mathematical Modelling and Experimental Approval. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081726. [PMID: 34442804 PMCID: PMC8399295 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Single substitutions or combinations of them alter the hydrolytic activity towards specific β-lactam-antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors of TEM-β-lactamases. The sequences and phenotypic classification of allelic TEM variants, as provided by the NCBI National Database of Antibiotic Resistant Organisms, does not attribute phenotypes to all variants. Some entries are doubtful as the data assessment differs strongly between the studies or no data on the methodology are provided at all. This complicates mathematical and bioinformatic predictions of phenotypes that rely on the database. The present work aimed to prove the role of specific substitutions on the resistance phenotype of TEM variants in, to our knowledge, the most extensive mutagenesis study. In parallel, the predictive power of extrapolation algorithms was assessed. Most well-known substitutions with direct impact on the phenotype could be reproduced, both mathematically and experimentally. Most discrepancies were found for supportive substitutions, where some resulted in antagonistic effects in contrast to previously described synergism. The mathematical modelling proved to predict the strongest phenotype-relevant substitutions accurately but showed difficulties in identifying less prevalent but still phenotype transforming ones. In general, mutations increasing cephalosporin resistance resulted in increased sensitivity to β-lactamase inhibitors and vice versa. Combining substitutions related to cephalosporin and β-lactamase inhibitor resistance in almost all cases increased BLI susceptibility, indicating the rarity of the combined phenotype.
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Castanheira M, Simner PJ, Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab092. [PMID: 34286272 PMCID: PMC8284625 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative pathogens are a major cause of resistance to expanded-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. Since their discovery in the early 1980s, they have spread worldwide and an are now endemic in Enterobacterales isolated from both hospital-associated and community-acquired infections. As a result, they are a global public health concern. In the past, TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs were the predominant families of ESBLs. Today CTX-M-type enzymes are the most commonly found ESBL type with the CTX-M-15 variant dominating worldwide, followed in prevalence by CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-27 is emerging in certain parts of the world. The genes encoding ESBLs are often found on plasmids and harboured within transposons or insertion sequences, which has enabled their spread. In addition, the population of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli is dominated globally by a highly virulent and successful clone belonging to ST131. Today, there are many diagnostic tools available to the clinical microbiology laboratory and include both phenotypic and genotypic tests to detect β-lactamases. Unfortunately, when ESBLs are not identified in a timely manner, appropriate antimicrobial therapy is frequently delayed, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Several analyses of clinical trials have shown mixed results with regards to whether a carbapenem must be used to treat serious infections caused by ESBLs or whether some of the older β-lactam-β-lactamase combinations such as piperacillin/tazobactam are appropriate. Some of the newer combinations such as ceftazidime/avibactam have demonstrated efficacy in patients. ESBL-producing Gram-negative pathogens will continue to be major contributor to antimicrobial resistance worldwide. It is essential that we remain vigilant about identifying them both in patient isolates and through surveillance studies.
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Lam MMC, Wick RR, Watts SC, Cerdeira LT, Wyres KL, Holt KE. A genomic surveillance framework and genotyping tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae and its related species complex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4188. [PMID: 34234121 PMCID: PMC8263825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) healthcare-associated infections, neonatal sepsis and community-acquired liver abscess, and is associated with chronic intestinal diseases. Its diversity and complex population structure pose challenges for analysis and interpretation of K. pneumoniae genome data. Here we introduce Kleborate, a tool for analysing genomes of K. pneumoniae and its associated species complex, which consolidates interrogation of key features of proven clinical importance. Kleborate provides a framework to support genomic surveillance and epidemiology in research, clinical and public health settings. To demonstrate its utility we apply Kleborate to analyse publicly available Klebsiella genomes, including clinical isolates from a pan-European study of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella, highlighting global trends in AMR and virulence as examples of what could be achieved by applying this genomic framework within more systematic genomic surveillance efforts. We also demonstrate the application of Kleborate to detect and type K. pneumoniae from gut metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M C Lam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ryan R Wick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen C Watts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise T Cerdeira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Wyres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Galani I, Karaiskos I, Giamarellou H. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: mechanisms of resistance including updated data for novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1457-1468. [PMID: 33945387 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1924674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is currently one of the most pressing emerging issues in bacterial resistance. Treatment of K.pneumoniae infections is often problematic due to the lack of available therapeutic options, with a relevant impact in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare-associated costs. Soon after the launch of Ceftazidime-Avibactam, one of the approved new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, reports of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant strains developing resistance during treatment were published. Being a hospital-associated pathogen, K.pneumoniae is continuously exposed to multiple antibiotics resulting in constant selective pressure, which in turn leads to additional mutations that are positively selected.Areas covered: Herein the authors present the K.pneumoniae mechanisms of resistance to different antimicrobials, including updated data for ceftazidime-avibactam.Expert opinion: K.pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen commonly implicated in hospital outbreaks with a propensity for antimicrobial resistance toward mainstay β-lactam antibiotics and multiple other antibiotic classes. Following the development of drug resistance and understanding the mechanisms involved, we can improve the efficacy of current antimicrobials, by applying careful stewardship and rational use to preserve their potential utility. The knowledge on antibiotic resistance mechanisms should be used to inform the design of novel therapeutic agents that might not be subject to, or can circumvent, mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Galani
- Medicine, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 4thDepartment of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Karaiskos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Giamarellou
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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