1
|
Liu L, Zhang L, Zhou H, Yuan M, Hu D, Wang Y, Sun H, Xu J, Lan R. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Citrobacter spp. Causing Extraintestinal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:737636. [PMID: 34513738 PMCID: PMC8429604 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.737636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This prospective study was carried out to investigate molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Citrobacter spp. from extraintestinal infections. Methods Forty-six clinical Citrobacter spp. isolates were isolated from hospital patients with extraintestinal infections and analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using seven housekeeping genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Adhesion and cytotoxicity to HEp-2 cells were assessed. Results The 46 clinical Citrobacter spp. isolates were typed into 38 sequence types (STs), 9 of which belonged to four clonal complexes (CCs). None of the isolates shared the same ST or CCs with isolates from other countries or from other parts of China. Over half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 17/26 C. freundii, 5/6 C. braakii, and 3/14 C. koseri isolates being MDR. Moreover, four isolates were carbapenem resistant with resistance to imipenem or meropenem. Among eight quinolone resistant C. freundii, all had a mutation in codon 59 (Thr59Ile) in quinolone resistance determining region of the gyrA gene. Only a small proportion of the isolates were found to be highly cytotoxic and adhesive with no correlation to sample sources. Conclusions There was a diverse range of Citrobacter isolates causing extraintestinal infections and a high prevalence of MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Microbiology Department, Maanshan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Microbiology Department, Maanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng L, Liu H, Lan T, Dong L, Hu H, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Wang J. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated From Raw Milk Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1005. [PMID: 32655503 PMCID: PMC7326020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk are most well known for their spoilage potential and the economic losses they cause to the dairy industry. Food-related psychrotrophic bacteria are increasingly reported to have antibiotic resistance features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from bulk-tank milk. In total, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 86 Pseudomonas spp. isolates from raw milk. All strains were tested against 15 antimicrobial agents. Pseudomonas isolates were most highly resistant to imipenem (95.3%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.8%), aztreonam (60.5%), chloramphenicol (45.3%), and meropenem (27.9%). Their multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.0 to 0.8. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of intrinsic resistance determinants, such as BcI, ampC-09, blaCTX-M, oprD, sul1, dfrE, catA1, catB3, catI, floR, and cmlV. Moreover, resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pumps were also found. This study provides further knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. in milk, which may advance our understanding of resistance in Pseudomonas and suggests that antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas spp. in raw milk should be a concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tu Lan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng Q, Chen L, Zhou S, Li H, Long J, Yao F, Zhuang Y, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Duan K. Co-existence of Citrobacter freundii exacerbated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in vivo. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151379. [PMID: 31759864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of bacterial species other than the pathogen at infection site can affect the progression of a bacterial infection. Based on the fact that Citrobacter freundii can coexist during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, this study aims to investigate the impact of the co-existing C. freundii on the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infection. A murine peritonitis model was used to compare the mortality rates and histopathology of P. aeruginosaPAO1 infection in the presence and absence of a C. freundii clinical isolate C9. We also investigated the intercellular interaction between PAO1 and C9 by examining pyocyanin production and comparing gene expression levels. The results demonstrate that co-infection with C9 significantly increased the mortality rate and tissue damages in PAO1 infected mice. At an inoculum of 106 CFU, no mortality was observed in the C9 infected group at three days post-infection, whereas the mortality rate in the PAO1-C9 co-infection group was 64%, compared with 24% in the PAO1 infected group. Pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa PAO1 increased 8 folds approximately in the presence of C. freundii C9, and operons associated with phenazine synthesis, phzA1 and phzA2, were also upregulated. Disruption of the phzA1 and phzA2 eliminated the exacerbated pathogenicity in the co-infection group, indicating that the elevated pyocyanin production was the main contributing factor. The results suggest that co-existing C. freundii during P. aeruginosa infection can exacerbate the pathogenicity, which may have significant implications in patients infected with these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases & Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases & Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Rd. North, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijing Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanchun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the first affiliated hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangmin Duan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases & Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos C, Ramalheira E, Da Silva G, Mendo S. Genetically unrelated multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii detected in outpatients admitted to a Portuguese hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 8:18-22. [PMID: 27915087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-clonal, carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii isolates were collected from unrelated outpatients admitted to a Portuguese hospital emergency department. One patient lived in a nursing home and was never hospitalised, whereas the other patient was repeatedly hospitalised in this hospital. The aim of this study was to unveil the molecular mechanisms associated with the carbapenem resistance of these isolates and to assess its potential dissemination. METHODS Isolate identification was performed by VITEK®2 and was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The clonal relationship of the isolates was evaluated by repetitive element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the automatic VITEK®2 AES system and disk diffusion assay. β-Lactamases, porins and mobile genetic elements were characterised by PCR and sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blot hybridisation were used to determine the genetic location of integrons, and their transferability was tested by conjugation. RESULTS No genetic relatedness was found, suggesting different origins of the isolates. In isolate Cf254 a VIM-2 carbapenemase integrated in In58 was detected, located in a high-frequency conjugative IncL/M plasmid that also carried CTX-M-15 and CMY-39 genes. VIM-1 in isolate Cf872 was chromosomal. This is the first description in Portugal of VIM carbapenemases in C. freundii. Loss/alteration of porins was also detected. CONCLUSIONS Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria is not confined to the nosocomial environment. Community-acquired strains appear to be in circulation between inpatients and outpatients, spreading carbapenem resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santos
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elmano Ramalheira
- Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Avenida Artur Ravara, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|